PRESENTATIONON

CYBER SECURITY TERMS

Suryaprakash Nehra 1130606

OUTLINE

Introduction to Cyber SecurityBotnetWatering Hole attackSpear Phishing attacKDistributed Denial of Service(DDoS)Conclusion

BOTNET A Botnet is a network of compromised computers

under the control of a remote attacker controller of a botnet is able to direct the

activities of these compromised computers Botnet Terminology

Bot Herder (Bot Master) Bot Bot Client IRC Server Command and Control Channel (C&C)

INTRODUCTION TO BOTNET(TERMINOLOGY)

IRC ChannelIRC Server

Code Server

IRC ChannelC&C Traffic

Updates

Victim

Attack

Bot Master

BOTNET IN NETWORK SECURITY

Internet users are getting infected by bots Many times corporate and end users are trapped

in botnet attacks Today 16-25% of the computers connected to the

internet are members of a botnet In this network bots are located in various

locations It will become difficult to track illegal activities This behavior makes botnet an attractive tool for

intruders and increase threat against network security

HOW BOTNET IS USED??

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks

Sending Spams Phishing Addware Spyware Click Fraud

BOTNET DETECTION

Two approaches for botnet detection based on

Setting up honeynets Passive traffic monitoring

Signature based Anomaly based DNS based

BOTNET DETECTION:SETTING UP HONEYNETS

Windows Honey pot

Honeywall Responsibilities:

DNS/IP-address of IRC server and port number(optional) password to connect to IRC-serverNickname of botChannel to join and (optional) channel-password

BOTNET DETECTION:SETTING UP HONEYNETSBot

1. Malicious Traffic

Sensor

3. Authorize2. Inform bot’s IP

Bot Master

BOTNET DETECTION:TRAFFIC MONITORING

Signature based: Detection of known botnets

Anomaly based: Detect botnet using following anomalies

High network latency High volume of traffic Traffic on unusual port Unusual system behaviour

DNS based: Analysis of DNS traffic generated by botnets

BOTNET DETECTION Determining the source of a botnet-based attack

is challenging: Traditional approach:

Every zombie host is an attackerBotnets can exist in a benign state for

an arbitrary amount of time before they are used for a specific attack

New trend: P2P networks

PREVENTING BOTNET INFECTIONS

Use a Firewall Use Antivirus (AV) software Deploy an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Define a Security Policy and Share Policies with your users systematically

WATERING HOLE ATTACK• Watering Hole is a computer attack strategy identified in

2012 by RSA Security, in which the victim is a particular group (organization, industry, or region). In this attack, the attacker guesses or observes which websites the group often uses and Infects one or more of them with malware.

• How does it work ? Determine Target Group Identify Vulnerabilities on those Websites Inject Threat into Website Sit in the Tall Grass and Wait for Targets to Come to You

Why it is effective ??

PREVENT WATERING HOLE ATTACK

• Timely Software Update • Vulnerability shielding • Network traffic detection• Correlating well-known APT (Advanced

Persistent threat) activities

SPEAR PHISHING ATTACK• Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an

individual or business that you know. But it isn't. It's from the same criminal hackers who want your credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and the financial information on your PC.

Business impact

• Theft of sensitive information

• Secondary use of compromised machines

• Incident response and recovery costs

HOW TO DEFEND AGAINST SPEAR PHISHING ATTACKS

• Security awareness training

• Boundary defence • Continuous vulnerability assessment and remediation

DDoS Attack• Distributed-Denial-of-Service attack – DDoS is a type of DOS attack where multiple compromised

systems, which are often infected with a Trojan, are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.

• DoS vs DDoS– DoS: when a single host attacks– DDos: when multiple hosts attacks simultaneously

How does DDos Attack work?

• build a network of computers • discover vulnerable sites or hosts on the network • exploit to gain access to these hosts • install new programs (known as attack tools) on the compromised

hosts • hosts that are running these attack tools are known as zombies • many zombies together form what we call an army

• building an army is automated and not a difficult process nowadays

How to find Vulnerable Machines?

• Random scanning• Hit-list scanning• Topological scanning• Local subnet scanning• Permutation scanning

How to propagate Malicious Code?

• Central source propagation This mechanism commonly uses HTTP, FTP, and remote-procedure call (RPC) protocols

• Back-chaining propagation :• copying attack toolkit can be supported by simple port listeners or

by full intruder-installed Web servers, both of which use the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

• Autonomous propagation

DDos Attack Taxonomy– There are mainly two kinds of DDoS attacks

• Typical DDoS attacks, and• Distributed Reflector DoS (DRDoS) attacks

– Typical DDoS Attacks:

– DRDoS Attacks: • slave zombies send a stream of packets with the victim's IP

address as the source IP address to other uninfected machines (known as reflectors)

• the reflectors then connects to the victim and sends greater volume of traffic, because they believe that the victim was the host that asked for it

• the attack is mounted by noncompromised machines without being aware of the action

Comparison

A Corporate Structure Analogy

DEFENCE MECHANISMS• SIGNATURE DETECTION

• ANOMALY DETECTION

• HYBRID SYSTEM