Crime PreventionLaw and Policy
2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 500
Arlington, VA 22202
(202) 261-4153 [email protected]
www.ncpc.org/ncpa
1
2
• Establish a mandate for providing Crime Prevention programs and services.
• Provide leverage to encourage other professions and organizations to engage in and support crime prevention activities.
• Express a commitment to provide the resources to support Crime Prevention programs and services. Prevention of Crimes.
•
Crime Prevention Laws and Policies
3
Crime Prevention Law
Virginia
Crime Prevention
Law
• 9-173.16 Establishes Crime Prevention Center
• 9-173.17 Establishes the McGruff House Program
• 2-1-342 Protects the confidentiality of Neighborhood Watch Members
4
Crime Prevention Law
Virginia
Crime Prevention
Law
• 18.2-96.1 Guidelines for Operation ID and penalties for unlawful alteration
• 58.1-346.5 Establishes Community Policing Fund (Allows designating portion of Tax refund to fund)
5
School Related Law
Virginia
Crime Prevention
Law
• 22.1-278.1 School Safety Audit
• 22.1-280.1 Mandates that schools shall establish programs to prevent crime.
• 22.1-280.2 School Crime Line requirements
6
Crime Prevention Law
Virginia
Crime Prevention
Law
• 35.1-28 Hotel liability states operators must exercise due care, specifically-suitable locks installed (Hotel industry security requirements-deadbolts, peepholes etc)
7
Crime Prevention Law
Virginia LawLandlord Tenant Act
55.248.13.1
• Requires that any Landlord renting 5 or more dwelling units in one building provide DEADBOLT Locks and PEEPHOLES
8
Crime Prevention Law
Virginia Law
Zoning: 15.1- 489
• Purpose of Zoning Laws includes providing for health and safety and protecting people from CRIME.
9
Crime Prevention Law - Ohio
505.702 Neighborhood crime watch programs.
A board of township trustees may appropriate
township general revenue fund moneys not
appropriated for any other purpose for the purpose
of establishing, promoting, and operating
neighborhood crime watch programs in the
township.
10
Crime Prevention Law - Colorado
24-33.5-510. Victim Prevention programs
(3) The division of criminal justice shall allocate the moneys obtained pursuant to subsection (2) of this section for the development of victim prevention programs which meet the following criteria:
(a) The program shall have as its principal purpose the reduction or prevention of the incidence of crime in the community.
11
Crime Prevention Law - Connecticut
Sec. 17b-801. Fuel and weatherization assistance
programs. Crime prevention and safety program.
…..
The program may provide for the purchase and
installation, where necessary, of devices which allow a
person inside a dwelling unit to view the area outside
the door, or doors with windows, locks on windows and
doors, and smoke detectors.
The installation of devices under this program shall be
done at the time weatherization is done.
12
Crime Prevention Law - Florida
163.503 Safe neighborhoods; definitions.
(7) "Defensible space" means an architectural
perspective on crime prevention through physical
design of the environment to create the ability to
monitor and control the environment along individual
perceived zones of territorial influence that result in a
proprietary interest and a felt responsibility.
13
Crime Prevention Law - Vermont
§ 591. Outdoor lighting - Conservation & Development
(a)… the purpose of this chapter to develop voluntary guidelines ….. to facilitate the use of lighting fixtures and design criteria that minimize the causes of sky glow, light trespass, and glare, while still providing a comfortable, visually effective, energy efficient, safe, and secure outdoor environment. …..
On a pragmatic basis, it is assumed that appropriate lighting is safer and more efficient than inappropriate lighting.
14
Crime Prevention Law - Minnesota
609.5315 Disposition of Forfeited Property
Disposition of certain forfeited proceeds; prostitution.
The proceeds from the sale of motor vehicles forfeited
under section 609.5312, subdivision 3, ….. shall be
distributed as follows:
(3) the remaining 40 percent of the proceeds must be forwarded to the city treasury for distribution to neighborhood crime prevention programs.
15
Crime Prevention Policy
How Important is
Crime Prevention to
Government?
• In 1994 Virginia Governor George Allen introduced his Crime Prevention Plan
• The 1997 Virginia Criminal Justice Plan was initiated
• 1999 Virginia Governor Gilmore’s School Violence Initiative and re-emphasis on the Triad Program
16
Crime Prevention Policy
• Virginia Governor Warner’s policy statement regarding Crime Prevention was that, “crime prevention is critical and it just makes good common sense.
• Every $1 invested in crime prevention saves $3 down the road.”
How Important is
Crime Prevention to
Government?
17
Crime Prevention Policy
OSHA’S
Recommendations for
Workplace Prevention
Late-Night Retail
Establishments 1998
Source:
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
• Adequate Lighting• Drop Safes• Video Surveillance• Alarms• Emergency Procedures• Restrict Customer
Access• Two Clerks on Duty• Training
18
Crime Prevention Policy - IACP
Adopted October 16, 2007 - 114th Annual Conference
Reaffirming Adopting Crime Prevention as a Philosophy
RESOLVED that the International Association of
Chiefs of Police (IACP), hereby encourages every
police executive to embrace crime prevention and its
philosophy for the creation of programs, operational
strategies, and methodologies for the delivery of
police services to the communities they serve;
19
Crime Prevention Support
• Evidence of the support of chiefs and sheriffs of crime prevention as a law enforcement responsibility can be found in the 2003 national census of local law enforcement agencies conducted by the Bureau of Justice Assistance.
• The census revealed that 74% of local police departments and 73% of sheriff departments has a function within the department that provides crime prevention education services.
20
Crime Prevention Policy - CALEA
Standard 45.1 - Crime Prevention
45.1.1 The agency’s crime prevention function
provides the following:
a. Targeting programs by crime type and geographic area on the basis of crime data;
b. Targeting programs to address community perceptions or misperception of crime; and
c. Conducting a documented evaluation of crime prevention programs, at least once very three years.
Source: Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcements
21
Crime Prevention Policy - Virginia
Virginia Law Enforcement
Professional Standards Commission
(accreditation)
ADM.21.02 - Crime Prevention
If granted the opportunity by the jurisdiction’s
governing authority, the agency provides crime
prevention input into development and/or revision of
zoning policies, building codes, fire codes, and
residential/commercial building permits.
22
Crime Prevention Job Description
Little Rock Police Department, Arkansas
JOB TITLE: Police Officer (Crime Prevention)
JOB OBJECTIVE:
To instruct citizens, business owners, and students
in crime prevention methods; to assist with various
citizen participation programs presented by the
Police Department.
23
Crime Prevention Job Description
Las Vegas Metro Police Department
Crime Prevention Specialist
Defintion
To assess, evaluate and analyze community crime
prevention needs; to develop and implement crime
prevention programs to foster community involvement;
to make public presentations and provide crime
prevention training sessions; and to perform a variety
of tasks relative to assigned area of responsibility.
24
Policy Protecting Communities
• In 1998 Virginia created a unique program to encourage community involvement in crime prevention and to recognize those communities that made prevention a priority.
• CERTIFIED CRIME PREVENTION COMMUNITY (CCPC)
25
Certified Crime Prevention Community
Mandatory Core Elements
• Community Crime Prevention Council
• Identifiable Crime Prevention staff person
• Neighborhood Watch Program
• Community Policing or Crime Control Process in Place
• Distribution of Community Safety Info
• Ability to conduct Security Assessments
26
Certified Crime Prevention Community
Mandatory Program Requirements
• Crime Analysis Capability
• School Safety Assessments
• Business Watch
• Access to Victim Witness Services
• Accredited Agency
• Minimum Number of other optional elements or programs
27
Crime Prevention StandardsVirginia Crime Prevention Association
• Crime Prevention is responsibility of all officers
• All agencies should have goals of crime prevention
• All agencies should have a staffed Crime Prevention Unit to facilitate the crime prevention mission
• All agencies should have a crime prevention planning process
• Prevention staff should work with analysis, planning to insure prevention is a planning goal
28
Commitment to Crime Prevention
• A final commitment to crime prevention through legislation is the certification of “Crime Prevention Specialists” in Virginia.
• Code of Virginia 9-173.19 and 9-173.20 establishes the rules related to this certification.
29
Crime Prevention Specialist
• Sworn or civilian employee of government agency
• Auxiliary Officer, Deputy or Volunteer
• Approved by your agency’s Executive Officer
Eligibility
30
Crime Prevention Specialist
• Certified Instructor within past five years
• 40 hour Introductory Crime Prevention Training
• 80 additional hours of approved prevention training
• 3 years Government Experience
• 1 year Crime Prevention experience
Requirements