Presented by :

1. Andy Widiyanto 2010125006532. Firdha Hanifah 201012500686

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Vowels are sounds which are Vowels are sounds which are produced with the vibration of air produced with the vibration of air in the oral cavity.in the oral cavity.

All vowel sounds are voiced oral All vowel sounds are voiced oral sounds.sounds.

The relationship of the vowels to The relationship of the vowels to one another is shown by the one another is shown by the device known as the Vector device known as the Vector Triangle.Triangle.

Vowel articulation is described using FOUR parameters.

• Tongue Height

• Tongue Advancement

• Lip Rounding

• Tenseness

Parameters

front central back

high

mid

low

i

ε

ǽ

u

o

i

e

C

u

Iε

α

ə

^

Ω

α

- English- Indonesian

12 12 EnglishEnglish Vowels Vowels

ɪɪ It, It, kit, bid, kit, bid, dutyduty

ee dress, bed, head, manydress, bed, head, many

ææ trap, badtrap, bad

ɒɒ lot, odd, washlot, odd, wash

ʌʌ strut, mud, love, bloodstrut, mud, love, blood

ʊʊ:: goose, two, blue, groupgoose, two, blue, group

ii:: fleece, sea, machinefleece, sea, machine

ɑːɑː start, fatherstart, father

ɔːɔː thought, law, north, warthought, law, north, war

ɜːɜː nurse, stir, learn, refernurse, stir, learn, refer

əə aabout, commbout, commoon, n, standstandarardd

uuthank ythank youou, infl, influuence, ence,

sitsituuationation

66 Indonesian Indonesian VowelsVowels

aa Bapak, sBapak, saakit, ayamkit, ayam

ii iibu, bu, iitu, tu, iilmulmu

uu uuntung, ntung, uujian, ljian, luupapa

ee eemosi, mosi, eenerginergi

oo oolahraga, lahraga, ootaktak

əə eelang, blang, beelajar, tlajar, teerbangrbang

i:i:

ɑɑ: :

ɜɜ::

This is a long This is a long /i:/ /i:/ that Indonesians never say it with a that Indonesians never say it with a little bit long duration. They may say it with a long little bit long duration. They may say it with a long /i:/ /i:/ but they do not recognize this symbolbut they do not recognize this symbol

3 Difficult Sounds (Vowels)

Indonesian does not recognize this symbol except Indonesian does not recognize this symbol except short a. English recognizes the short a. English recognizes the /a:/ /a:/ like in the word like in the word father father / fa:ðə(r) // fa:ðə(r) /..

This is a long This is a long /ə://ə:/. Remember, however, that these . Remember, however, that these two symbols do not have any relation. Compare two symbols do not have any relation. Compare //33:/:/ in in birdbird / ’b/ ’b33:d/:d/ and ə in and ə in agoago / ə’gəu/ ə’gəu //

English vowel sounds English vowel sounds are divided are divided into twointo two

go to example

VOWELS

English /ɪ/

/ʊ//ʌ/

/ɒ//o/

/ə/ /e/ /æ/

‘short’

IndonesianIi

Uu

Aa

Oo

Ee

ə

English /iː/ /uː/ /ɑː//ɔː//oː/

/ɜː/ ‘long’

Examples:‘short’ vowels

/ɪ/ ship /ʃɪp/, pin /pɪn/

/ʊ/ book /bʊK/, put /pʊt/

/ʌ/ cup /kʌp/, brush /brʌ∫/

/ɒ/ or /o/ hot /hɒt/, clock /klɒk/

/ə/ a /ə/, of /əv/, camera /kæmərə/

/e/ ten /ten/, men /men/

/æ/ man /mæn/, cap /kæp/BackBack

Examples:

‘long’ vowels

/iː/ see /siː/, sea /siː/

/uː/ boot /buːt/, june / dʒuːn/

/ɑː/ march /mɑːt∫/, heart /hɑːt/

/ɔː/ or /oː/ ball /bɔːl/, fork /fɔːk/

/ɜː/girl /gɜːl/, work /wɜːk/, hurt /hɜːt/, heard /hɜːd/ BackBack

Discover this phoneme. Try to Discover this phoneme. Try to focus on the focus on the soundsound of the word. of the word.

a.Tail - (tali)

b. gate – (gatel)

c. ate – (atap)

d. rake – (rak)

e.taken – (tekan)

What vowel sound is common in the words above? Click here to find out.

Each of the words without brackets has the long “a” phoneme or sound.

What vowel sound is common in the list below?

a. See – (lihat)

b. three – (tiga)

c. speaking – (bicara)

Each word has the long /e/ phoneme or sound.

Each of the words without in brackets has the long “i” phoneme or sound.

What vowel sound is common in the following list?

a.Ten - (sepuluh)b.send – (senter)

The long /e/ phoneme or sound is common in the list of words, without in brackets.

a.go – (gosong)b.Potatoes – (potong)c.Overheard – (oper)d.stone (stok)

What is the common vowel sound?

The long /o/ phoneme or sound is represented without in (brackets) the words.

a. Cucumber – (cucu)b. Beautiful – (buruk)c. Cute – (kutek)

What vowel sound is common in the list

below?

The long /u/ phoneme or sound is common without in bracket each of the words.

Conclusion

Indonesian does not have vowel sound symbols such as English. Indonesian vowels make it difficult to use the vowel into English vowels because of differences in pronunciation and voicing.

Thank you for your attention

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“Contrasting Indonesian & English Vowels”

(this presentation is an excerpt of week # 5 of “Contrastive Linguistics & Error Analysis”, an internal publication of Unindra)