Phylum Chordata

Subphylum: Urochordata / Tunicata

Pandocia sp. (Sea Squirts)

Filter feeders Outer covering: Tunic / Test Has (1) incurrent (larval mouth) and (2)

excurrent (atriopore) siphon

Subphylum: Cephalochordata / Acrania

Branchiostoma lanceolatus (Lancelet)

(1) Gill Slits (2) Mouth (w tentacles or cirri) (3) Notochord (4) Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Filter feeders

Muscle segments : Myotomes/ Myomeres (60)

At ventral portion: Pleural folds / Laterla fins

Parts p. 26 Hyman, p.35 kent Look for oral hood w membranous

velum, vestibule (chamber for seawater)

1

12

3

Subphylum: Vertebrata / Craniata

Class: Agnatha

Suborder: Petromyzontia

Petromyzon marinus (Marine Lamprey)

“Buccal funnel” (attachment) with lip tentacles

Parasitic Dorsal surface: “Nasohypophyseal

opening” Eyes w/out eyelids; Naked skin (slime

glands) 7 gill slits (water conduction) JAWLESS and NO PAIRED FINS Myotomes separated by myosepta Anandromous – live in the sea but

migrate upstream to lay eggs. Adults : Marine; Young: Freshwater

Class: Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)

Cartilaginous skeleton Exposed gill slits & SPIRACLE Placoid scales Ventral mouth w/ claspers! Macrolecithal egg Oviparous Has spiracles

General Anatomy:

Fusiform bodies Pointed part of head: Rostrum W upper and lower jaws (mouth) May have Endolymphatic ducts Heterocercal tails Pectoral fins – hydrofoil Cranium w/out sutures No Swim bladders Fins stiffened by ceratotrichia

Scoliodon palasorrah (dogfish)

Has a lateral line extending on sides of body

Cloacal aperture/ anus – between pelvic fins; Urogenital papilla in between

Dasyatis kuhli (skate)

May have Nasofrontal process Projecting spine w/ anus and claspers

Sphyrna sp. (Hammerhead shark)

Rhinobatis sp. (Guitar shark)

Remora sp. (Shark sucker fish)

Class: Osteichthyes (Bony fishes)

Gill slits are covered by a bony operculum

w/ swim bladder & cloaca Fins stiffened by lepidotrichia GANOID FISHES

Order: Chondrostei

Cartilaginous endoskeleton Heterocercal fins Bottom feeders Egg is called Roe Ganoid scales! w/ spiracle

Acipenseri sturio (Sturgeon)

4 branched ventral projections: Barbels (detection of food)

Polyodon sp. (Paddlefish/Spoonbill)

Operculum lacks bones W/ teeth

Order: Holostei

Lepidosteus sp. (Garpike)

No spiracle Ganoid scale Freshwater Operculum Heterocercal tail

Order: Teleostei

Ossified skeletons w/ Operculum! Cycloid or ctenoid scales w/ swim bladders no spiracles Homocercal/Protocercal/Diphycercal

Oreochromis sp. (Perch/Tilapia)

Chanos chanos (milkfish)

Clarias batrachus (catfish)

Ophiocephalus sp. (mudfish)

Microboglossus sp. (Solefish)

Hippocampus sp. (Seahorse)

Remora sp. (shark sucker fish)

Diodon sp. (Puffer fish)

Class: Amphibia

Have cloaca

Order: Anura

Cold-blooded w/ lungs

Rana erythrea (Frog)

Bufo marinus (Marine toad)

Mostly terrestrial Specialization of hind limbs for jumping Webbed feet Presence of Eardrums

Order: Urodela

Necturus macolosus (Salamander/ Mudpuppy)

No scales; slimy skin Have external nares 3 External gills (respiration) w/ gill slits Gular fold – found across throat

Class: Reptilia

Dry, scaly skin No gills EVER

Order: Chelonia

Jaws lack teeth but are clothed w HARD HORNY BEAKS

Have nictitating membrane Have circular eardrum Shell consists of Carapace, ventral flat

Plastron, and lateral bridges connecting the former 2.

Cuora amboinensis (pond turtle)

Gopherus sp. (desert)

Chelonia (sea water turtle)

Order: Squamata (Lizards)

Tetrapod in form Body is clothed w horny scales, plates,

or tubercles Have nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid) Pineal eye (small spot) Some have femoral pores at thighs(?) Teeth are in sockets

Varanus sp. (Monitor lizard/ bayawak)

Hemidactylus sp. (House lizard)

Gecko gecko (tree lizard)

Suborder Ophidia

Have pits – temperature detectors Molt!!

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (pit viper)

Python reticulatus (Reticulated python)

Order: Crocodilia

Semi-aquatic

Crocodilus sp. (Crocodile)

Alligator sp. (Alligator)

Horny thickenings underlain by bony plates

Class: Aves

Presence of wings Warm blooded (duh) Tail: Uropygium Contour feathers – cover the whole

body; 2 types: (1) Flight feathers – large feathers of wings and tail(2) Coverts – cover bases of wings and tail

Hair feathers / Filoplumes – where feathers are removed

Feather follicles – where filoplumes were removed

RAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWWWRRRR!!