CombiningSoilOrganicCarbonsequestra4onandfoodsecurityinAfricansoils
MINISTÈREDEL’AGRICULTUREETDEL’ÉQUIPEMENTRURALINSTITUTSÉNÉGALAISDERECHERCHEAGRICOLES
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Maintainingand/orincreasingSOCstocks(fosteringSOCsequestra8on)forclimatechangemi8ga8onandadapta8on,andlanddegrada8onneutrality
Rome,21-23March2017
NdèyeYacine.Badiane.Ndour;RazafimbeloT;J.L.ChoRe;MBernoux;
q Aprojec8onoftwobillionpeoplein2050
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Astateofrapidtransi4onintermofdemography
Astateofrapidtransi4onintermofdemography
q Animportantchangesinmigra8onpaGernsandurbangrowth.
3Source: UN Urban projections, 2010
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ChallengestoAfricanfoodsecurity
q Domes8cfooddemandpredictedtotripleby2050inSubSaharanAfrica
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q Domes8cfooddemandpredictedtotripleby2050inSubSaharanAfrica
q WhatarethekeyroleofSOILCARBONSEQUESTRATIONforfoodsecurityinAfrica?
ChallengestoAfricanfoodsecurity
HowtoproducesufficientfoodinAfricancontext?
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q Africahas33millionsfarmsoflessthan2hectares,accoun8ngfor80%ofallfarms
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Organiccarbonsequestra4ontoenhanceAfricansoilquality
q MostofAfricanSoilarecoarsewithlowac8vityclays;deficientinmostnutrients,especiallyNandPandhavingaverylowCa8onExchangeCapacity(CEC).
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SoilOrganicmaRerboostsWaterHoldingCapacity
B.D.Hudson,ina1994
EffectofwasterecyclingtoaccessPavailabilityonSSAsoils
Soumare,M.,etal.,G.(2003 9
EffectoforganicmaRerontropicalsoilproduc4vity
Organicfer4lizers
Effectoforganicmanureandlocalizedfer4liza4ononahole(Zaï)ontheproduc4vityofsorghumintheSahelianzone,Bayenetal.
Grennmanure
Localmanureapplica4on
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Organicfer4lizers
Effectoforganicmanureandlocalizedfer4liza4ononahole(Zaï)ontheproduc4vityofsorghumintheSahelianzone,Bayenetal.
Grennmanure
Localmanureapplica4on
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EffectoforganicmaReronsoilproduc4vity
Effectoforganicmanureandlocalizedfer4liza4ononahole(Zaï)ontheproduc4vityofsorghumintheSahelianzone,Bayenetal.EffectofGreenmanureinmaïsyield
Organicfer4lizers
Grennmanure
Localmanureapplica4on
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EffectoforganicmaReronsoilproduc4vity
q ScaleuplocallyrelevantSoilorganiccarbonprac8ces;
q Overcomesocialconstraintsandreformingeconomicincen8ves
q Improvemethodsandindicatorsformonitoring,evalua8onandcommunica8on
q NeedtocombineSoilandWatermanagement,especiallyindryregion
SOCcanreducelanddegradaConandenhancefoodsecurityinAfrica,howeverit’sremainvarious
challenges,including?
Challengeforscalinguporganiccarbonsequestra4oninAfricanfarmingsystems
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Scalinguporganiccarbonsequestra4oninAfricanfarmingsystems
q Theadop8onofRMPsbysmalltropicsfarmersisnecessaryq MostoftheproposalscomeclosetotheCFSandagroecologyq Theseprac8cesneedtoincreasebiomasscollec8onandreducenutrientlosses
?2.3
Proposedsustainableprac4ces
.
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ScalingupSOCsequestra4oninAfricanfarmingsystems
q Theadop8onofRMPsbysmalltropicsfarmersisnecessaryq MostoftheproposalscomeclosetotheCFSandagroecologyq Theseprac8cesneedtoincreasebiomasscollec8onand
reducenutrientlosses
ButincreasingbiomassinSSAsoilalsorequiresotherelements:waterandnutrients.Sowecannottotally
refrainfrommineralfer4lizing.Butrequireefficientuse 15
?2.3
Proposedsustainableprac4ces
.
q Smallsizeoffarms(onaverage1.5to4ha)q Familycharacteroffarmq andthelowlevelofcapital
.NoShort-termbenefits(exemptReturn>50%)
.Non-availabilityofinputs:Labor
.LackofCompa8bilitywithSocialFactors
-Gapbetweentheobjec8vesofinnova8onandthoseofproducers:Sequestra8onC?
-Costs/Benefitsvs.Prac8ces
-Extension/LackofAwareness
Cond
i4on
sofn
on-ado
p4on
Causesandreasonsslowing
downadop4onn
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Overcomesocialconstraintsandreformingeconomicincen4ves
q Therulesofaccess,useandmanagementofnaturalresources:Themodeofaccessandmanagementofresourcescanentailacompe88onbetweentheuseofresourcesq Therearestrongtrade-offsforeitheralloca8ngcropresiduesforlivestockfeedorusingthecropresiduesdirectlyformulchtherebyreducingtheamountandqualityofmanureavailableandcompromisingthecondi8onoflivestock
.
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Overcomesocialconstraintsandreformingeconomicincen4ves
ParksàFaidherbiaalbida:WestAfricaSenegal
Mul8pleUsageTree:ReversePhenologyPodsusedorsoldasfodderLegume:contributestothefer8lityoftheland
Ø Markets for agroforestry tree products are critical to the adoption of FA to have significant economic, social and environmental impacts
Thedenseshadeofsheatrees(Vitellariaparadoxa)reducestheyieldofmilletby50%,butthesetreesareneverthelessusedbecauseofthehigheconomicyieldsoftheirmarketableproducts.
ParksàSchea:WestAfrica:BurkinaFaso
ParcàVitellaria
BeurredeKarité
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Reformsinlandrightsandpaymentsystemsforecosystemservicescanencourageands4mulatethedevelopmentofplanta4ons(Forestandagroforestryparks).
Semi-intensive
breeding
ORGANICMANURE
DOMESTICBIOGAS
• Reducespressureonbiomassuse
• ReducedGHGemissions
Feedforlivestock
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Needstohavesynergiesbetweenini4a4vesForsustainabilityoffarms
Acarbonmanagementpolicyinvolvingasoilcarbontradingmarketisnecessary
MethodologyforCalcula8onofEcosystemServices(Sequestra8onC)
Howtoorganizesmallproducers?
Requirementtohaveabaseline/reference:beGerknowledgeofAfricansoilsEstablishmentofanevalua8onmethodologyandeffec8vemeansofverifica8on
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Someimportantpointstotakeintoaccount...
Ini4a4ve4PM
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