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Page 1: Colonial America

ColonialAmerica

Chapter 3 Sections 1-4

Page 2: Colonial America

England in America

• England defeats the Spanish Armada this makes Protestant Queen Elizabeth the most powerful person in Europe.

• Sir Walter Raleigh• The Lost Colony• Roanoke Island in North Carolina. • 91 Men 17 Women 9 Children • 1st English child born in America Virginia Dare

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The Lost Colony

• John White left Roanoke to get supplies he intended to return in a few months.

• He does not return for 3 years.• All he finds are signs with the word CROATOAN• What Happened???????????????????????• Death• New Indians• Virginia Dare Stones

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New Settlers

• Roanoke scares of settlers for a few years.• In 1606 people begin to apply to King James for

charters- right to organize and settle an area.• Joint Stock Company – investors bought stock in

the company in exchange they got future profits.• Virginia Company.• 12-1606 leaves England• 04-1607 arrives in Chesapeake Bay• Name their colony after the king…

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Jamestown

• Led for the 1st two years by John Smith the settlers survive.

• Hard work and little free time make him extremely unpopular.

• He is forced to return to the UK (“accident”)• The settlers grow lazy and the winter of 1609-1610

sees many starve.• John Rolfe marries Pocahontas a Powhatan Indian.• Their relationship helps the settlers and Indians bond.

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Tobacco

• Tobacco saves the colony and makes Jamestown profitable.

• Land ownership is given by the company to settlers who could afford their own way over.

• 50 Acres • House of Burgesses 1619 1st local

representative government in the new world.• VA Company goes under and the colony

becomes royal property.

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The New England Colonies Sec 2

• Massachusetts• Pilgrims –Individuals who wanted to leave the church of England.

Separatists• Puritans- Individuals that left England seeking a reformed Church of

England. • John Winthrop- Under persecution by Charles I he leads his settlers to the

New World to found the Massachusetts Bay Colony• Massachusetts Bay Colony- The settlers elect John Winthrop their 1st

Governor, He establishes a pattern for settlement.• 1. Build Shelter 2. Clear Land 3. Plant Crops• Originally the right to vote was limited to stockholders ( those who paid

for the journey). Eventually, we open up to all male church members.

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Mass. Cont.

• Mayflower Compact- Led by William Bradfornd

• Loyalty to England• All things for the good of the colony• Wapanoag- Squanto and Samoset• Teaches them to farm

• The General Court• Representative government of the Mass. Bay Colony. Only male church

members could run. (Would that work today?)• The organization of the colony leads to success.• The Great Migration- In an 11 year span (1629-1640) 20,000 English

citizens move to the Mass. Bay Colony

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Connecticut

• Thomas Hooker• Will lead 100 Puritan settlers out of Mass. Bay Colony. • They leave to escape the power of the governor and the General Court• Ended up settling along what is today the Connecticut River, they named

their settlement Hartford.• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - (1st Constitution)• Create a similar government to Mass. • Differences- 1. All male property owners can vote. 2. The representative

portion of the government is stronger than the governor.• 1662 There are 13 towns along the river and England issues a charter

creating the colony of Connecticut.

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Rhode Island

• Roger Williams• Another angry puritan leaves Mass. to found his own colony.• He is thrown out of Massachusetts for preaching toleration- the

acceptance of all religions.• After he is expelled he lives with the Indians for the winter. He is actually

able to purchase land from them to found his colony.• Rhode Island wins popularity contest!!!!!!!!!!!• 1. All white males can vote• 2. Worship any religion you like• 3. No other requirements

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R.I. Cont.

• Trouble with the Natives• After a few years the population of R.I. Begins to encroach on the Indians,

fighting break out and the Wapanoag attack the settlement.• Success In New England.

– Farming, Hunting, Syrup, Lumber, Shipbuilding, Fishing, and Whaling

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The Middle Colonies Sec 3

• New Netherlands is Sold!!!!!!• The colony has some success under Dutch rule- Fur Trading, Port City of

New Amsterdam.• In order to encourage agriculture the Dutch begin giving away huge tracts

of land to PATROONS- people who agreed to settle at least 50 new European families on the land. There is no regulation on the Patroons.

• PROBLEM- The patroon is allowed to charge as much as he wants for land. Because of this most people choose to live in the city of New Amsterdam.

• The colony allows religious freedom

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Quakers cont.• Allows Penn to form a proprietary colony. Calls it Pennsylvania.• Penn makes allies with the Natives. He requires his people to buy their

land from the natives.• The equal standing of all people makes the new colony very popular.• The southern portion is far away from the main settlements. These

southern settlers ask Penn to form their own colony. He allows them to form Delaware.

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New Neth. Cont.

• Conflict with England• The British colonies do not appreciate the Dutch presence in their New

World.• The fighting begins between Charles II and his army versus the people of

New Amsterdam. England wins and sells it to his brother, the... Duke of York ( Bet you can’t guess what he names it?)

• Proprietary Colony- one owner owns all the land and has complete control over the colony.

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New Jersey

• The Duke of York decides to give a portion of his colony to two of his friends. Sir Carteret and Lord Berkeley.

• The two friends will act as proprietors- They will run the land as if they were the owners, but give all profits to the actual owner.

• Proprietary Colony- Land that was given, by a king or queen, to a person to run as they chose.

• 1702 New Jersey becomes a royal colony- under the control of the the sovereign king or queen.

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Pennsylvania

William Penn Penn is a close friend of King Charles II, he asks for land in the New World

to pay off a debt that Charles’ father owed Penn’s father. This is a great deal for Charles II. William Penn is a Quaker, and the

Quakers are despised in England. He gets the chance to help a friend while also getting rid of a problem.

Quakers Believe that all people are equal. No social class or deference to the more

wealthy. No need to bow or make shows of respect. Treat all people the same way. The Quakers do not believe in war. This does not go over well in England.

Pacifists

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Farming and Expansion

• Farming• The farmers in Pennsylvania are able to grow far more than they can use

or consume.• The begin selling wheat, barley, and rye as cash crops- crops that are

raised to be sold rather than consumed.• Expansion• After the founding of Philadelphia the expansion is father west, and

usually done by groups other than the Quakers.• Scottish, German, and Irish settlers begin clearing the land and

establishing farming communities in central Pennsylvania, and the eastern slope of the Appalachian Mountains.

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The Southern Colonies Sec 4

• Maryland• Sir George Calvert and Lord Baltimore ask and receive land for a Catholic

colony.• Catholics are despised in England and Charles wants them gone.• Sir Calvert dies before the can leave. His son Cecil Calvert Lord Baltimore

finishes his father’s vision.• The group settles the northern portion of the Chesapeake Bay. N. of VA. S.

of PA• Plan to fish the Bay and grow tobacco. They found St. Mary’s away from

any swamp or marsh land.• Proprietary Colony- Calvert establishes a governor and a ruling council.

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MD. Cont. and Virginia

Religion- MD. Allows all religions except Jews. 1649 Act of Toleration-Everyone welcome.

Virginia Land is at a premium. Settlers begin just taking Native American land. This naturally leads to conflicts. Settlers ask the governor to intervene, he

declines Bacon’s Rebellion (No Hogs were harmed in this rebellion) 1676- Nathaniel Bacon leads a group of planters into battle against the

Natives. He then leads them on to Jamestown (capitol) which he burns down.

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VA. Cont. • After the torching of Jamestown Bacon dies. His rebellion dies with him.• The governor hangs 23 of Bacon’s supporters, but the land stealing

continues.• Royal Colony- Colony run by a governor selected by the royal family.

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The Carolinas

• Northern- Small tobacco farms usually farmed by poorer families

• Southern- Large land grants given to noble families. Great city of Charles Town eventually shortened to Charleston

• Rice- The swamps make rice a cash crop that sustains the colony until is splits in 1712

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Georgia

• James Oglethorpe• Reformer who decides to ask for a colony to take debtors to. Debtors

were jailed in England for their inability to pay their bills.• Oglethorpe even pays for some people to make the trip.• The Oglethorpe Rules• 1. No farms larger than 50 Acres 2. No slaves• The Spanish and Creek Indians had both already claimed Georgia, but the

three groups were able to exist peacefully.

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The South Grows Up

• Plantations- Large farms for Tobacco, Rice, and later cotton.• Most plantations were along rivers or tidal plains to gain easy access

to transportation.• Plantation meant a lifestyle of wealth and style. Most people do not

live on them.

• Backcountry- Opposite of the plantation. People were poor worked the land without slaves. Made just enough to survive.

• Slavery- The slaves make the plantation run. They work the field and end up knowing more about agriculture than the whites of the plantation

• Middle Passage- Passage to new world from Africa, these are the worst conditions imaginable.

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French In AMerica

• 1670 Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette explore down and then back up the MS. River

• Rene-Robert Cavelier and Sieur de La Salle sail into the Gulf of Mexico and claim all of the land for France.

• Tenant Farmers• People who farmed and agreed to pay the lord a

certain rent for working so many days per year.• Feudalism.

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Spanish in America

• The Spanish were nervous about the increasing presence of English, Dutch, and French colonies in the new world.

• In the early 17th century the Spanish begin to setup missions in New Mexico, Texas and California.

• Junipero Serra est. San Diego and many missions along the coast of CA.

• These missions become Los Angeles, Monterey .


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