Download - City Development Plan Delhi

October, 2006

Department of Urban DevelopmentGovernment of Delhi

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited, New Delhi

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN DELHI

IL&FS ECOSMART

Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) focuses on (i) improving and

augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii) initiating wide-ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded management of, and investment in, urban infrastructure and services; and (iv) strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with the provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992. JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely (i) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, including water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, urban transport, redevelopment of core areas, development of heritage, and environment. (ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor, including shelter, infrastructure services and related civic amenities The Government of India has proposed substantial assistance through the JNNURM to the selected Mission cities. All mission cities are expected to formulate a City Development Plan (CDP). The CDP is based on an assessment of the existing situation, and outlines a vision for development, strategies for achieving this; indicative investment requirements and financial operating plans, indicating how investments made are to be sustained. The CDP will facilitate identification of projects. The ULBs/ parastatal agencies will be required to prepare DPR for the projects. The current status of sectors covered under JNNURM for Delhi are presented below E.1 City Assessment: Urban Infrastructure and Governance The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three municipal areas-

• New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core, spread over an area of 42.74 km2

• Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1,397 sq. kms, or 94 % of the area of the city.

• Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread over an area of 42.97 km2

In 1999, the urban area of Delhi was 701.62 sq. kms (47.3 % of NCTD area). This is proposed to be increased to 977.91 sq. kms, or 66 % of the total area, by 2021. The CDP addresses the urban area of the NCTD as a whole. Detailed assessments for the NDMC and DCB areas may be taken up at a later date, and incorporated into the document. E.1.1 Land and Urban Growth Management The DDA is responsible for guiding planned development in Delhi, through successive Master Plans (1962, 1982 and 2001). It is also the sole agency mandated to develop and dispose of land in the city. The growth of the city over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with reliance on road based transport. The development envisaged by previous Master Plans was poly-nodal with a hierarchy of commercial centres located on either ring or radial roads. The DDA, however, has been unable to meet forecasted demands for housing, commercial and industrial space, resulting in large scale unauthorized development, and areas with non-conforming land uses. Only an estimated 30 % of the city’s population lives in planned areas. The poor have borne the brunt of the shortage. In

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spite of growing pressure on land resources, there are large tracts of underused land within the central city. A majority of these are government lands bearing low density (2 storey structures) and old housing. Only 30-35% of government employees have been accommodated within these areas. The lack of formal access to appropriate housing has led to the genesis of unauthorized colonies in Delhi. Currently, there are around 1432 unauthorized colonies providing shelter to around 30 lakh people. Unauthorised colonies have being regularized twice in Delhi: in 1961 when over 100 colonies were regularized and in 1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized. 165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD). These urban villages have undergone significant physical and functional transformation related to their specific location. Key Issues in growth management are listed below: • Increasing gap between demand and supply of appropriate housing and infrastructure • Encroachments in urban villages • Exploitation of agricultural land for unauthorized development • Inadequate supply of appropriate commercial and industrial space, resulting in non-conforming

land uses. • Lack of Linkage between Physical Planning Strategy and Financial Planning E.1.2 Water Supply DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for procurement, treatment, transportation and distribution of water in the MCD areas. It also supplies bulk water to the NDMC, and Delhi Cantonment Board. Water requirements for an estimated population of 16.5 million in 2006 is 990 MGD At present DJB, is equipped to produce 735 MGD of water from 11 Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) and ground water abstraction from 446 tube wells & ranney wells. The per capita availability of water is one of the highest among urban areas. In spite of this, water is supplied for only a few hours in the day. Moreover, norms of supply to different zones vary, and areas at the end of the distribution system receive little water. About 20 per cent of the city’s population is not covered by piped water supply. In the absence of piped water supply from DJB, there has been extensive abstraction of ground water. The issues related to the status of water supply summarized below: • Unaccounted for water losses are estimated at 42% (16% in transmission and 24% in distribution) • There are wide variations in supply, both within and between supply zones • Lack of adequate management systems. E.1.3 Sewerage and Sanitation The DJB is also responsible for the management of the sewer system in MCD areas; and collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of sewage from MCD areas, NDMC & DCB areas. The length of sewers in the city is 7000 kms. The sewage generation in Delhi has been estimated at 800 MGD against the present installed treatment capacity of 512.6 MGD. Thus there is a gap of almost 300 MGD in treatment of waste water1.There are 18 sewage treatment plants (STP’s) in the city, varying from 3–45 years in age. This has resulted in a loss of treatment efficiency. The issues related to the status of Sewerage are presented below: • An estimated 530 MGD of untreated sewage is discharged into the river Yamuna. • Due to network deficiencies, there is an overflow from sewers into storm water drains. • Trunk sewers are considerably silted, requiring desilting & repair to restore their capacity in a

time bound manner. • The city’s STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations are several years old - leading to reduced

efficiency. • Upgrading conveyance system needs to be undertaken, for full capacity utilization of Common

Effluent Treatment Plants.

1 Waste water generation being estimated at 80% of piped water supply; and estimated ground water extraction.

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E.1.4 Solid Waste Management The conservancy and sanitation department of MCD is responsible for the collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste in the city. The total quantum of solid waste generated per day in Delhi is estimated to be 7,700 MT. Of this, an estimated 6000MT are collected and disposed. Currently, different types of waste streams in the city, including municipal waste, bio-medical waste, construction debris, industrial waste slaughter house waste, electronic waste…etc are all mixed. Waste from different parts of the city is transported to three landfill sites, located at Gazipur, Balaswa and Okhla. The issues related to the status of Solid Waste in city are summarized below: • The existing landfills (dump-sites) are almost full. They need to be closed immediately in a

scientific manner, and new sanitary landfills (SLF) need to be developed and commissioned at the earliest possible.

• Treatment of wastes is almost non-existent. Treatment facilities dedicated to different waste streams, to the extent possible, need to be developed

• Open 'dhalao' (masonry bin) is still the major receptacle for MSW in Delhi. These lead to exposure of the waste to the environment and multiple handling (from depositing of waste to its loading into the collection vehicle)

E.1.5 Traffic and Transportation The PWD, MCD, DDA, DTTDC and MUD are responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads in the city; whereas urban transport is managed by Transport department. The road network length in Delhi was 28,500 km in March 2001 up three times increase from 8,380 km in 1971-72. The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T.Road (NH-1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials; and Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials carrying bulk of the traffic in the city. During morning and evening peak hours 55-60 per cent of the major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph, while even in off peak hours 40-45 per cent of major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph. While the large number of signalized intersections in the city has led to excessive travel time and fuel consumption, the construction of fly-overs has only shifted the location of congestion. Urban Delhi is predominantly dependant on road based transport systems as railways caters to only about 1% of local traffic demand (excluding the Metro). The overall capture of public transport services in the city is only 60 per cent of total trips. Of this, the metro currently accounts for 15 per cent. The widespread distribution of employment centers all over the urban space of Delhi has contained the growth in length of trips. Over 33 per cent of total trips are short trips (less than 15 mins duration) The percentage distribution of categories of motor vehicles in Delhi shows that there has been a rapid increase in the number of cars during 1990-2000; while there has been a decline in the other category of vehicles. About two third of motor vehicles are two wheelers, though a decreasing trend in that share has been observed since 1990. On the other hand, due to arrival of low priced small cars and easy financing mechanisms, there is an indication of a shift from two wheelers to cars. The share of cars has increased from 22% in 1991 to 31% in 2005. The issues related to traffic and transportation management in the city are presented below: • The high growth rate of vehicular traffic volumes on roads causing congestion, delay, safety

issues, pollution. • The low capture of public transport systems, due to lack of integration of various modes. • The need to ensure the safety of pedestrians, who accounting for 55%, of total causalities in

accidents (1999). • Inadequate parking, leading to congestion and delays on major arterial network.

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E.1.6 Storm Water Drainage The DJB, MCD and PWD are jointly responsible for the construction and maintenance of drains in the city. Storm water drainage in Delhi is a complex situation, owing to the combination of a number of natural and man-made drainage systems – five drainage basins; large natural drains; storm water drains along roads; and combined sewer-cum-storm water drains (sometimes as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer lines). Most of the water collected through different drainage systems finally gets discharged into the river Yamuna. The length of natural drains in the city is 350 km carrying discharge of 1000 m3, whereas the total length of drains is 1700 kms spread over 12 municipal zones. The BOD levels of waters in 90 % of city drains indicate that the discharge is comparable to a range of weak to strong domestic sewage. The main issues related to the sector are • Storm water drains carry considerable quantities of raw and untreated effluents • Lack of maintenance, leading to chocked drains. • Lack of coordination in planning and construction of roads and drains E.1.7 City Heritage The ASI, State Dept. of Archaeology, the DDA, MCD, INTACH and DUAC jointly manage the city’s heritage areas. Delhi encompasses a vast range of heritage typologies, including archaeological sites; civic buildings and complexes; religious structures and complexes; historic gardens; hunting lodges; living settlements such as the historic Walled City; the planned city of New Delhi as well as traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and management. These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi. However, heritage in the city suffers from a lack of integration with the planning process and contemporary requirements, as a result of which, it is gradually being degraded and lost. In 1913, there were 411 identified heritage buildings in Zone A, whereas these have reduced to 231 in 2000. This, and other issues related to urban heritage are outlined below: • Lack of integration with development processes in the city • Heritage resources are threatened by over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate

construction due to the non-enforcement of guidelines for development in their vicinity • Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action. E.1.8 City Environment The DPCC, CPCB, CGWB, MCD and DJB are responsible for regulating and monitoring the state of the city’s environment. Delhi’s unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few decades has placed enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison to the urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental degradation has grown at a much higher rate. This includes the loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and aesthetics; increasing air pollution, surface and ground water pollution; loss of water bodies, receding water table, high incidence of diseases and mortality. The transport, domestic and industrial sectors are the major contributors to the rise in ambient air pollution levels (although certain background sources such as desert dust also contribute). Most of the 916 lakes, ponds and reservoirs reported to have existed in city have been depleted. Rejuvenation is being taken for a few (Sanjay Lake, Hauz Khas). The most pressing environmental concern is the continued degradation of the river Yamuna, due to the dumping of untreated effluents into its waters. Issues related to the status of city environment are presented below: • Unsustainable extraction of ground water • Weak management of natural resources, leading to degradation of the ridge, the river and surface water bodies

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• Air, ground water and noise pollution E.1.9 Urban Governance The institutional framework for urban management in Delhi consists of a multiplicity of agencies, at both central and state levels, responsible for various aspects of planning, land management, urban infrastructure and its management. The institutions/agencies involved in performing city level functions include Central Government Agencies and State Government Agencies. The issues related to city institutional set up are discussed in Table below

Issues Status

National Functions versus local functions

▪ Delhi, being the National capital, has to serve certain functions directly under the jurisdiction of Central Government. These clashes with the establishment of an effective local government incorporating citizen’s participation.

Implementation of 74th CAA

Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has not been able to implement the 74th Amendment to the Constitution. Major decisions in planning and implementing the Master Plan are still taken by a Central

Government Agency, that is, DDA. MCD has been trying to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through

amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violates the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act.

Since legislation is not enacted by the GNCTD, necessary institutional mechanisms such as the DMPC are not in place.

Overlapping of jurisdiction

There is a lack of clarity over departmental responsibilities for land use planning, development, maintenance and enforcement. The geographical boundary of the State Government and MCD are co-terminus, and their functions are almost the same. In other cases, administrative and functional sub-divisions do not match. This has resulted in ineffective and uncoordinated decision making and actions. For eg., the boundaries of the revenue districts and the MCD zones do not match.

Overlapping of functions

Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has failed to identify and coordinate with the State Government.

Other Infrastructure Sectors

Multiplicity of Organizations Lack of coordination and no common data base for management Conflicting and overlapping jurisdictions eg.: three different agencies are responsible for

storm water drainage in the city

E.2 City Assessment: Basic Services to Urban Poor E.2.1 Urban Poor and Slums In Delhi, as in other urban areas of the country, slums and urban poverty, they are a pressing issue. The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. This figure has declined steadily and stood at 10.02% in 2001. It is reported that 85% of the poor are squatters, and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented accommodation and have to pay a substantial portion of their income for rent. Slums in Delhi are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area: There are 319 katras in the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of inhabitants. (b) JJ Clusters or Squatter settlements: These are scattered all over the city. In Delhi, over 80 percent of lands occupied by slums belong to the DDA. (c) Resettlement Colonies: Under the schemes for resettlement of JJ clusters, 44 resettlement colonies were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0 Lakh plots were developed accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies have degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized development. (c) Relocated JJ Clusters: There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan kalan, Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation, of slums from central, south and east Delhi, has been made to four principal sites - Dwarka (Papan Kalan), Rohini, Narela and Savda Ghevada. Issues related to the urban poor and slums summarized below: • There is no clear legal framework (Act), or policy to guide interventions in this area

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• Their legal security of tenure is diminishing in official rehabilitation programmes over the years • There is a low rate of in-situ up-gradation of existing JJ clusters, although this is recommended

as the first course of action • Over 80% of residents do not have access to infrastructure and public services at relocation

sites. In addition, these are far removed from work centers, and lack connectivity E.3 SWOT Analysis On the basis of the above assessment, an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the city was undertaken, which informed the vision and strategies for development that were formulated thereafter. E.3.1 Strengths

SECTORS STRENGTHS

Location & Regional Linkages: Delhi is located strategically and connected with key economic nodes in the country.

• Seat of all political and administrative power of country. • At 95%, highest level of urbanization in the country. • It is easily accessible from other mega-cities of the country and other areas of Northern and Western India. The NHDP project, cities connectivity from Western and Eastern Gateways of the country has increased. • Delhi acts as nodal point for collection and distribution of passenger and cargo traffic in Northern India.

City Economy: The city’s economy is enjoying a period of high growth

• GSDP is growing at a high growth rate of around 15% (CAGR at current prices-2002-03), with the service/tertiary sector contributing more than 76 per cent towards the economy of the state;

• High per capita income at Rs 47,477 (current prices, 2002-03) • High spending capacity / tendency

Trade and Commerce: The city has 8 major wholesale and specialized markets of regional importance. Fruit & Vegetable Market, Azadpur and Fish & Meat Market, Gazipur are some of the major distributions centers for commodities in the Northern and North west region of the country. • The city is well connected to regional supply chains

• The city is gaining in importance as a centre of retail trade Tourism • World famous tourist destination

• Attracts both domestic as well as international tourists. • Gateway to the tourist destination in the northern region such as

Jaipur, Ajmer, Agra, Varanasi… etc Heritage • It is famous for its heritage and culture, both built and unbuilt

• Walled City of Delhi has 1000 heritage structure and 25 historical monuments.

Administrative Reforms: State Government is undertaking various institutional and legislative reforms. • Pro active government

• State on a reform path with initiatives such as Bhagidari.

E.3.2 Weaknesses

SECTORS WEAKNESSES Infrastructure: Inadequacies in the water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage and transport infrastructure

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SECTORS WEAKNESSES • Lack of solid waste management facilities (for treatment and disposal) in the city

leading to indiscriminate dumping of garbage and land pollution. • Existing dumping sites are saturated and no new ones have been developed • Lack of drainage and sewerage network especially in the newly developed areas. • The surface drains are used for carriage of 25-30% sewerage, leading to environment

hazards • Lack of infrastructure facilities like water supply, sewerage, road and drainage in

the unauthorized colonies; urban villages and colonies developed by private developers.

• Inadequate capture public transport system, due to inherent weaknesses, leading to skewed traffic composition on the road network of the city.

• Lack of parking space in the city. • Lack of tourism infrastructure facilities • Inadequate public conveniences. • Disposal of untreated industrial wastes and sewage in Yamuna River.

Urban Growth and Land Management • Haphazard growth of the city due to lack of provision of developed land and

infrastructure. Areas include urban villages; resettlement colonies and unauthorized colonies

• High population density within the walled city & Extension and East Delhi planning Division. Moreover low density development in RK Puram; Motibagh; Vinay Nagar..etc

• Rate of Unauthorized developments and illegal land subdivisions are increasing in urban pheriphery and village settlements.

• Lack of parks and open spaces. • Violation of rules, byelaws by the public and residents of walled city- leading to the

loss of heritage in the walled city. • Overcrowding of businesses and people in the walled city.

Conservation • Lack of integration of heritage concerns with planning process

• Lack of proper database management in each sector especially in the Heritage and Infrastructure development. • Absence of clear-cut guidelines and responsibilities of various organizations. • Lack of awareness among in the city people towards heritage conservation. • Ineffective maintenance of heritage sites like Red Fort, Qutab Minar… etc as well as buildings in the walled city and Extension areas.

Urban Environment • Degradation of River Yamuna

• Loss of traditional water systems. • Extreme Depletion of ground water. • Degraded air quality. • Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of the city. • Contamination of piped water with sewerage. • Chocked drains

Slums and JJ Clusters

• increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters • Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the urban poor (lack of

inclusion of urban poor in city development process) • Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and resettlement colonies and

relocation sites;

Institutional coordination

• Lack of coordination between central and state government • Lack of coordination among various departments like MCD, DDA, PWD, DJB, DUAC

etc. • Non implementation of 74th CAA in spirit-MCD does not have financial/taxation

powers, budget to be approved from Department of Local Self Government. • Overlapping jurisdictions between DDA, MCD and NDMC; DDA exercise control over

major parts of MCD Area. • Overlapping of functions between line departments.

E.3.3 Opportunities

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SECTORS OPPORTUNITIES Economic competitiveness

• With the availability of good connectivity, it can develop as nodal centre linked with other economically vibrant cities. Has potential to attract private developers and FDI in the housing and infrastructure sectors

• The city has a highly entrepreneurial population • High literacy rates • High growth areas such as NOIDA and Gurgaon are located in the vicinity • Capacity to attract many tourists because of its rich heritage and culture. • Can emerge as an “events capital” particularly after the commonwealth games

2010 Proposed Projects • Commonwealth games-2010 is likely catalyze investment to the tune of Rs 2000

Crore on development of civic infrastructure in the city. • Development of Metro Rail and its extension to other DMA towns will resolve issues

on inter and intra city connectivity State urban reforms

• City is initiating reforms in urban governance through implementation of various governance models such Bhagidari Scheme; E-governance; Repeal of ULCR, PPP models for project implementation etc.

• Institutional reforms being considered for MCD • Heightened focus on key issues-urban slums and improvement of basic

infrastructure Urban Heritage

• Rich heritage can attract the tourists. • The local crafts from across the nation can be show-cased for attracting business

and shoppers during events such as Trade Fair and other events organized in city.

E.3.4 Threats

SECTORS THREATS Economic • Wholesale trade is concentrated in core walled city area, which attracts workers

and traders to the central location-leading to deterioration of the city environment • Lack of adequate infrastructure to capitalize on economic opportunities (roads, freight handling facilities … etc)

Infrastructure • High population growth can lead to further pressure on the infrastructure sector in the future. Augmentation of trunk services is crucial.

• Lack of sewerage system, solid waste management, poor distribution of water can lead to health problems and epidemics in the city.

• Poor infrastructure in new areas -- especially in urban extensions and urban villages -- are a threat to quality of life.

• Infrastructure provision in the slums is inadequate resulting in very poor living conditions.

Institutional and fiscal reforms

• Capacity building of all the government organizations if inadequate would result in non implementation of several reforms.

• Fiscal reforms are a key for carrying out projects and provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner.

• Urban Development in the city is the responsibility of Central government; and MCD is under both Central and State Government. These overlapping roles of state and central government have led to a non functional executive system of the city.

Conservation • Lack of repair and maintenance of heritage buildings can lead to rapid deterioration of built fabric in the walled city.

• Continued negligence of heritage areas can also lead to loss in tourism revenues • Walled city and Extension faces threat in the event of disasters both natural as

well as man-made.

E.3.5 Vision & Strategies for Development Delhi’s Vision is defined as follows: To become a highly livable city that offers a superior quality of life through a robust, employment generating economy; that is safe and inclusive, environmentally and socially sustainable; and is based on reliable infrastructure and offers a transparent, responsive system of governance dedicated to the city’s felt needs. The CDP outlines Strategies across sectors to achieve the above vision. These are elaborated further below.

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Strategy for Economic Development: The city needs to make the best use of its resources, foremost among which is the high level of entrepreneurial ability of its people. In order to unleash the city’s true economic potential, the govt. needs to encourage and nurture these abilities through forward looking policies and interventions. The following strategies are recommended for sustaining the growth of the city well into the future: • Encourage high value-add services; • Organizing Low End Services; • Enhancing Quality; The key areas identified as having most potential for driving the economic growth of the city are: (i) IT & ITES Sector; (ii) Life Style Sector; (iii) Logistics Sector; (iv) Heritage & Tourism Sector; (v) Education Sector. Strategies for Civic Infrastructure Development: Strategies identified to improve water supply system and enhance consumer satisfaction are (i) minimize water losses in transmission and distribution and enhance overall management of distribution; (ii) Augmentation of water supply and (iii) Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost recovery mechanisms. Strategies for sewerage include (i) Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage (abatement of pollution); (ii) Provision of Sewer Network in un-sewered area; (iii) Augmentation of Sewage Treatment Capacity. The strategies for mitigating key issues in solid waste management are (i) Maximizing effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites; (ii) Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery. These broad strategies have to be complemented by initiatives at resource-use reduction, waste minimization and pollution prevention. The strategies suggested for improvement of drainage system in the city are (i) Creation of an appropriate, integrated authority to deal with the sewer drains, the storm water drains and the natural drainage basins of the NCT area; (ii) Short-term repair and de-silting of all the drains on emergency basis; (iii) After monitoring the functioning of the South Delhi Greenway Project for Barapulla drain, initiating the same in the medium term for Najafgarh drain, which is by far the largest contributor in terms of discharge into river Yamuna (51.75%). The strategies suggested for improvement of road network and transport system in the city are (i) Provision of safe and efficient public transport system; (ii) Encouraging the use of non-motorized modes of passenger transport in select localities; (iii) Ensuring equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians; (iv) Efficient use of existing infrastructure – removal of impediments – including enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities; (v) Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas; (vi) Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional needs; (vii) Enhancement of road infrastructure and (viii) Awareness and enforcement drives. Four main strategies have been identified, for management of urban heritage. These strategies are (i) Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation & Heritage Management;(ii) Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of heritage concerns within the development plans – Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level; (iii) Area Level Conservation, revitalization and Regeneration strategies which include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse; (iv) heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community facilities, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development; Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation

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The main strategies, under which projects pertaining to the environment have been proposed, relate to (i) Outreach and capacity building; (ii) Enhancement of forests and green cover; (iii) Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution. Strategies for Slums and the Urban Poor Strategies for urban poor and slums are derived from the established fact that the poor are not a homogenous group, and vary widely in their requirements of shelter. This takes into account factors such as extent of consolidation in the city, location sensitivity, physical requirement, ability to pay as well as tenure security. Shelter options may vary from a single bed and locker in a dormitory for the male migrant, to an independent unit. The ability to exercise choice, with a variety of options, is thus, important, in the success of any programme to provide shelter for all categories of the poor. In addition, pricing, location, tenure conditions, and financing are critical considerations in catering to this segment. Strategies to reach housing for the poor include (i) In-situ rehabilitation at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc. (ii) Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying locations, for outright purchase -- connectivity to work centers to be assured. (iii) Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or NGO’s with government support (iv) Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies (v) Provision of housing for the urban poor on an on-going basis (vi) Reconstruction of government owned Katras in the walled city Recommendations on Urban Governance The status of reform initiatives at the ULB level and State Government level to successfully implement and operate the JnNURM projects has been reviewed. The broad agenda for further institutional reforms are • To clearly institute a political and administrative nodal agency, which could provide effective

governance to the NCT; • To ensure that the function and powers of this agency and its constituents, match their

responsibilities and make them fully accountable. • To enable clarity of jurisdiction of various agencies coming into contact with the people and

entrusted with various responsibilities Recommendations to achieve the above include (i) Defining and delimiting areas of the city required to perform the functions of a National Capital (ii) to allow the State Government a say in land and municipal management in the balance areas (iii) subdividing the MCD to create Zonal Councils, the elected representatives of which will report to the Chief Minister (iv) to rationalize planning divisions to match Zonal Council demarcations (v) to constitute a Metropolitan Planning Committee to undertake planning for the entire city (vi) to constitute an Urban Renewal Corporation to undertake renewal of select areas in the city (v) to constitute a Slum Housing Corporation to tackle the issue of housing for the poor. These institutional reforms will provide a basis for the state government to implement the projects identified under JNNURM in more effective and sustainable manner. E.4 PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN The project identification and capital investment plan have been prepared for sectors as per the sub-missions of JNNURM. Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance; Sub-Mission-2: Basic Services to Urban Poor The shares of major sectors as shown the table below are water supply (7%); sewerage (11.5%); road network & transportation (56%); and urban poor and slums (18%) respectively. Funding Pattern: The projects for investment support in Delhi are eligible for Central assistance under the following conditions:

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• In case any JNNURM project is also approved as externally aided project (EAP), the EAP funds

can be passed through as Accelerated Central Assistance to the State Government as funds contributed by States, ULBs, FIs; and JNNURM funds can be used as GoI contribution.

• If necessary, internal resources of implementing agencies, MP or MLA Local Area Development (LAD) Funds and MLA LAD funds may be substituted for institutional finance or State share.

a. Projects under Appraisal by Sub-Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure and Governance

CG2 SG3 ULB/ FI4 Rs

Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-

12 35 15 50

Strategy/Project

RS (Crore)

SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE

Water Supply 1632 535 500 330 167 100 571 245 816

Sewerage 2755 605 675 605 495 375 964 413 1378

Road Network and Transportation System 13487 2886 3534 3986 1610 1471 4720 2023 6743

Storm Water Drainage 231 96 101 26 8 0 81 35 116

Solid Waste Management 593 222 181 101 51 38 208 89 297

Heritage and Conservation 582 74 154 272 46 35 204 87 291

City Environment 431 137 166 78 50 151 65 215

Urban Governance 9 4 4 1 0 0 3 1 5

Other Projects 20 5 7 8 0 0 7 3 10

Street Lighting 25 5 5 5 5 5 9 4 13

SUB-TOTAL 19740 4563 5322 5407 2427 2019 6909 2961 9870

b. Projects under Appraisal by the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban Poor Under the guidelines, housing is not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution (10 per cent in case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections) is stipulated.

CG SG ULB/ FI Project

Cost 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-

12 35 15 50

Strategy/Project

RS (Crore) SUB-MISSION-2: BASICSERVICES AND POOR

2 Central Government 3 State Government 4 Urban Local Body / Financial Institution.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


E-12

Urban Poor, Slum andHousing 4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 - 2200

SUB-TOTAL 4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 0 2200 TOTAL 24140 5793 6530 6430 2983 2402 9109 2961 12070

E.5 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN

The investment sustaining capacity of MCD, NDMC and DJB, the municipal fiscal situation has been simulated, based on a Financial Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year forecast of municipal finances for a term of 15 years. It has been used to forecast the revenue income and operating expenditures for the period between FY 2005-06 and FY 2019-20. The department wise capital investments are presented in the table below. At least 5% of the investment requirements of ULB’s (minimum) is proposed to be mobilized through the private sector. Beneficiary contributions will also account for a part (small) of this investment requirement.

Department wise Investment

Rs Crore 2007-08

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

2011-12

Central Government Contribution 9109 2212.05 2466.7 2403.95 1127.45 898.15

State Government Contribution 2961 684.45 798.3 811.05 364.05 302.85

ULB / FI Share (Break-up)

MCD 1390 365 409.5 367.5 135.5 113 NDMC 44 6.5 9 11 10 7.5 DJB 2194 569.5 587 467.5 331 237.5 DDA 600 156 192.5 125 71.5 54.5 DIMTS 3253 652.5 650 925 512.5 512.5 DSIDC 293 97.5 110.5 52.5 33 0

Forest Department 4 2 1.5 0.5 0 0 PWD 2495 638 841.5 767.5 148.75 98.75 Revenue Dept. 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 0

Slum Department 1055 222.5 225 299 167.5 141.5 STA 7 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5

TRAFFIC POLICE 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 UDD 12 3.25 4.25 4.5 0 0 INTACH 2 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5

GNCTD – State Archaeology 117 11 32 60 5 9 DTTDC 43 3.5 15.5 17.5 6.5 0 ASI 22 11.75 8.25 1.4 0.35 0.25 Private Investment (min.) 535 155.5 172.5 113.5 68.75 24.75

Total (ULB's / FI's share) 12070 2898.5 3264 3215 1492 1201

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


E-13

GRAND TOTAL 24140 5795 6529 6430 2984 2402

The cumulative O&M cost (over 5years – 2007 – 2012) of various projects is Rs 4974 Crore (refer table below). In order to meet the O&M cost, due to new investments, it has been proposed to revise the unit area value, water tax (normal revision of water tax as per DJB norms are proposed), sewerage tax and other revenue sources.

Total Cost

O & M - Government

O & M -Private

O & M - Beneficiary

Total O&M Strategy/Project

Rs in Crore SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE

Water Supply 1632.0 446.7 0.0 0.0 446.7

Sewerage 2755 615 0.0 0.0 615

Road Network and Transportation System 13487 1954.7 1218.5 0.0 3173.2

Storm Water Drainage 231 37.6 0.0 0.0 37.6

Solid Waste Management 593 0 50.8 0.0 50.8

Heritage and Conservation 582 32 19 0.2 51.2

City Environment 431 5.6 34 0.0 39.6

Urban Governance 9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2

Other Projects 20 0.6 0.0 0.0 1

SUB-TOTAL 19740 3092.4 1322.3 0.2 4415.3

SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Slum and Housing 4400 228.7 67.3 262.4 558.4

SUB-TOTAL 4400 228.7 67.3 262.4 558.4

TOTAL 24140 3321.1 1389.6 262.6 4973.7

By instituting prudent fiscal measures and reforms, the MCD will be able to enhance its revenue from the current level (2005-06) of Rs. 2019 Crore to Rs. 5,098.7 Crore in 2011-12. A large part of this is anticipated to accrue from property tax revenues. The ULB is undertaking reform measures in this area, including instituting on-line filing of taxes from 01-04-2007; and digitization and computerization of property tax records, which is due to be completed by 2008-09. This will enable efficiencies to be enhanced in both coverage and collection.

IL&FS ECOSMART

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited A-1

ABBREVIATIONS ACGR : Annual Compound Growth Rate AIIMS : All India Institute of Medical Science ASI : Annual Survey of Industries ATC : Area Traffic Control bgl : Below Ground Level BOD : Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand BPL : Below Poverty Line BPO : Business Promotion Offices C&D : Construction and Demolition CAGR : Cumulative Annual Growth Rate CBD : Central Business District CBR : Crude Birth Rate CDP : City Development Plan CDR : Crude Death Rate CETP : Combined Effluent Treatment Plant CGWB : Central Ground Water Board CIP : City Investment Plan CP : Connaght Place CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board CPWD : Central Public Works Department CSE : Center for Science and Environment CSO : Central Statistical Office DCB : Delhi Cantonment Board DDA : Delhi Development Authority DJB : Delhi Jal Board DO : Dissolved Oxygen DPCC : Delhi Pollution Control Committee DSIDC : Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation DTC : Delhi Transport Corporation DTTDC : Delhi Transport and Tourism Development Corporation DU : Dwelling Unit DUAC : Delhi Urban Art Commission DUEIIP : Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project DWCUA : Development of Women and Children in Urban Area EIUS : Environment Improvement of Urban Poor EMI : Employment Market Information EPPCA : Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority ETF : Eco Task Force EWS : Economic Weaker Section FAR : Floor Area Ratio FOP : Financial Operation Plan FY : Financial Year GNCTD : Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi GoI : Government of India GSDP : Gross State Domestic Product GT : Grand Trunk Ha : Hectare IIT : Indian Institute of Technology IMR : Infant Mortality Rate INTACH : India National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage ISBT : Interstate Bus Terminus JJ : Jhuggi Jhopari JJC : Jhuggi Jhopari Clusters JNNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission kms : Kilometers L&DO : Land and Development Organisation

Abbreviations

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited A-2

LIG : Low Income Group MCD : Municipal Corporation of Delhi MGD : Million Gallon per Day MLD : Million Litre per day mm : millimeter MPD : Master Plan for Delhi MRTS : Mass Rapid Transit System MSW : Municipal Solid Waste NCR : National Capital Region NCT : National Capital Territory NDMC : New Delhi Municipal Corporation NEERI : National Ecological and Environment Research Institute NGO : Non-Government Organisation NH : National Highways NHAI : National Highways Authority of India NOIDA : New Okhla Industrial Development Authority NOx : Oxides of Nitrates NRY : Nehru Rozgar Yojna NSDP : Net State Domestic Product NSSO : National Sample Survey Organization O&M : Operation and Maintenance OAE : Own Account Enterprises PAH : Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon PPH : Persons per Hectare PPP : Public Private Partnership PWD : Public Works Department RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete SJSRY : Swarna Jaynti Saw Rozgar Yozana SLF : Sanitary Landfill SO2 : Sulphur Di-oxide SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter Sq.kms : square kilometers STP : Sewage Treatment Plant SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats TERI : The Energy Research Institute TFR : Total Fertility Rate UDD : Urban Development Department UIE : Urban Industrial Extension USEP : Urban Self Employment Programme UT : Union Territory UWEP : Urban Wage Employment Programme WJC : Western Jammuna Canal WTP : Water Treatment Plant YAP : Yamuna Action Plan

IL&FS ECOSMART

Table of Contents

City Development Plan Table of Contents

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................1-1

1.1 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ..................................... 1-2

1.2.1. Objective of City Development Plan...................................................... 1-2

1.3 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS............................................................ 1-2

1.3.1 City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation ..................................... 1-3

1.3.2. Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City.................... 1-4

1.3.3. Evolving Strategies for Development .................................................... 1-4

1.3.4. Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy .................... 1-5

1.4 STRUCTURE OF REPORT................................................................................... 1-5

CHAPTER-2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...........................................2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION – LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE................................. 2-1

2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.1 Area and Population............................................................................ 2-1

2.2.2 Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density ............................... 2-2

2.2.3 Natural Increase ................................................................................. 2-3

2.3 MIGRATION PATTERN ...................................................................................... 2-3

2.3.1 Origin and composition of Migrants ...................................................... 2-3

2.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics............................................................. 2-4

2.4 LITERACY RATE................................................................................................ 2-4

2.5 GENDER RATIO ................................................................................................ 2-5

2.6 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ..................................................................................... 2-5

2.7 POPULATION PROJECTION ............................................................................... 2-6

2.7.1 Annual Average Growth Rate ............................................................... 2-6

2.7.2 Projected Population ........................................................................... 2-7

CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE...............................................3-1

3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Economic Planning............................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 ECONOMIC PROFILE......................................................................................... 3-3

3.2.1 City GDP – Growth and Sectoral contributions....................................... 3-3

3.2.2 Trends ............................................................................................... 3-4

3.2.3 Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue ............................ 3-5

3.2.4 Work Participation Rate ....................................................................... 3-7

3.3 PRIMARY SECTOR ...........................................................................................3-12



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3.4 SECONDARY SECTOR ......................................................................................3-12

3.4.1 Industry ............................................................................................3-13

3.5 TERTIARY SECTOR ..........................................................................................3-16

3.5.1 Trade, Hotels & Restaurants ...............................................................3-17

3.5.2 Retail Trade.......................................................................................3-17

3.5.3 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business.........................................3-17

3.5.4 Unorganised Trade.............................................................................3-18

3.5.5 Estimated Employment.......................................................................3-18

3.5.6 Financial Indicators ............................................................................3-18

3.5.7 Other Features...................................................................................3-19

3.6 ISSUES ...........................................................................................................3-19

CHAPTER – 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE ........................................4-1

4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE.................................................................. 4-2

4.3 URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASELINE ..................................................................... 4-7

4.3.1 Land-use ............................................................................................ 4-7

4.3.2 Industrial Activity ................................................................................ 4-8

4.4 URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY....................................................................... 4-8

4.4.1 Air Quality .......................................................................................... 4-8

4.4.2 Water Quality ....................................................................................4-11

4.4.3 Noise ................................................................................................4-13

4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ................................................................................4-14

4.5.1 Depletion of Resources.......................................................................4-14

CHAPTER - 5 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH .......................5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 CONSTITUENT OF DELHI.................................................................................. 5-1

5.3 EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT............................................................................ 5-2

5.4 LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY .......................................................................... 5-6

5.5 STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS.............................................................................. 5-7

5.6 UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES ................................................... 5-8

5.7 URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................................. 5-9

5.8 STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY ........................................................................... 5-9

5.9 STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................5-10

5.10 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ...................................................................5-13

5.11 LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ........................................................5-13

5.12 EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT.............................................................5-14



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5.13 PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21..............................................................5-21

5.14 ISSUES OF LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT ....................................................5-21

CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM ................................................6-1

6.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI............................................................................ 6-1

6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR............................................................... 6-1

6.4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES ............................................................. 6-3

6.5 SLUMS / JJ CLUSTERS ...................................................................................... 6-3

6.6 SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS/JJ CLUSTERS............................................................ 6-3

6.6.1 Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters ................................................ 6-4

6.6.2 Growth of Squatter Settlements ........................................................... 6-5

6.6.3 Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters ................................................. 6-6

6.6.4 Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters ........................................ 6-6

6.7 SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES .................................................. 6-9

6.7.1 Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement........................... 6-9

6.7.2 JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements...................................................6-10

6.7.3 Tenure Funding Mechanisms ..............................................................6-11

6.7.4 Financial Performance of Slum Improvement .......................................6-11

6.8 ISSUES OF SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS ......................................................................6-12

CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT .................7-1

7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage Management for Delhi. ........................................................................ 7-4

7.1.2 Agencies Involved in Planning and Implementation of Heritage Conservation ..................................................................................... 7-5

7.2 INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI ............................................7-13

7.3 WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS....................7-14

7.3.1 Development Pattern .........................................................................7-14

7.3.2 Existing Situation ...............................................................................7-15

7.3.3 Priorities for Heritage Management .....................................................7-17

7.4 HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................7-19

7.4.1 Development Pattern .........................................................................7-19

7.4.2 Development Requirements................................................................7-19

7.5 HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES.............................................................................7-20

7.6 HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.............................7-20

7.7 LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES..........................................................7-21



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7.7.1 Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and sites ..................................................................................................7-21

7.8 TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES ...............................................................7-21

CHAPTER - 8 CITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.........................................8-1

8.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 HISTORY OF DELHI WATER SUPPLY.................................................................. 8-1

8.3 PRODUCTION SYSTEM...................................................................................... 8-2

8.3.1 Sources of Water ................................................................................ 8-2

8.3.2 Treatment System .............................................................................. 8-2

8.3.3 Transmission and Distribution System .................................................. 8-4

8.3.4 Unaccounted Flow of Water................................................................. 8-5

8.4 WATER PRICING AND RECOVERY...................................................................... 8-6

8.5 ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND..................................................................... 8-6

8.6 AUGMENTATION SCHEMES FOR WATER SUPPLY................................................ 8-6

8.7 WATER QUALITY .............................................................................................. 8-7

8.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING ............................................................................... 8-7

8.9 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION....................................................................... 8-8

CHAPTER - 9 CITY SEWERAGE SYSTEM................................................9-1

9.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 9-1

9.2 SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM......................................................................... 9-1

9.2.1 Sewerage Facilities in Rural Villages ..................................................... 9-2

9.2.2 Sanitation in Slum and JJ Cluster ......................................................... 9-2

9.3 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) ........................................................ 9-3

9.4 TREATMENT SYSTEM........................................................................................ 9-3

9.4.1 Type of Treatment .............................................................................. 9-5

9.5 DISPOSAL SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 9-6

9.6 SEWERAGE CHARGES AND COLLECTIONS ......................................................... 9-6

9.7 INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER............................................................................. 9-7

9.8 PERFORMANCE OF CETP'S AT FULL DESIGN LOAD............................................. 9-9

9.9 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION....................................................................... 9-9

CHAPTER-10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE............................................10-1

10.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-1

10.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM ............................................10-2

10.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ..........................................................10-3

10.3.1 Natural Drainage System....................................................................10-3

10.3.2 Man-made drainage System ...............................................................10-4



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10.4 ISSUES ...........................................................................................................10-5

CHAPTER-11 REVIEW OF ROAD NETWORK AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM .........................................................................11-1

11.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................11-1

11.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS – EXISTING SYSTEMS ....................................................11-2

11.2.1 Transport Network .............................................................................11-3

11.2.2 Road Network....................................................................................11-3

11.2.3 Rail Network......................................................................................11-4

11.3 TRANSPORT NETWORK – DELHI ......................................................................11-5

11.3.1 Vehicular Growth Trends ....................................................................11-5

11.3.2 Road Accident Trends ........................................................................11-6

11.3.3 Traffic Characteristics.........................................................................11-7

11.3.4 Traffic Speeds....................................................................................11-7

11.3.5 Parking..............................................................................................11-8

11.3.6 Traffic Intensities ...............................................................................11-8

11.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ...........................................................................11-10

11.4.1 Intra Urban Movements....................................................................11-10

11.4.2 Intercity Movements ........................................................................11-11

11.4.3 Public Transport & Para Transit System.............................................11-11

11.4.4 City Bus Service ...............................................................................11-11

11.4.5 Ring Railway....................................................................................11-12

11.4.6 Delhi Metro Rail ...............................................................................11-13

11.4.7 MRTS Phase-I ..................................................................................11-13

11.4.8 Intermediate Public Transport System...............................................11-13

11.4.9 Inland Water Transport ....................................................................11-13

11.5 EMERGING ISSUES ........................................................................................11-14

CHAPTER – 12 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ......................................12-1

12.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................12-1

12.2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................12-1

12.2.1 Legal Framework ...............................................................................12-1

12.2.2 Institutional Framework......................................................................12-2

12.3 WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION...........................................................12-3

12.3.1 Waste Collection Services ...................................................................12-3

12.3.2 Waste Generation ..............................................................................12-3

12.3.3 Constituents of Waste ........................................................................12-4

12.3.4 Waste Collection and Storage .............................................................12-6



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12.3.5 Waste Transportation.........................................................................12-6

12.3.6 Processing and Disposal .....................................................................12-6

12.3.7 Construction and Demolition Debris.....................................................12-9

12.4 CONSTRAINTS – TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ......................12-11

CHAPTER-13 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...................................13-1

13.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................13-1

13.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT-NCTD ............................................................13-1

13.3 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI ..............................................................13-2

13.3.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-2

13.3.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-2

13.3.3. Issues ...............................................................................................13-3

13.4 DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ..................................................................13-4


13.4.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-4

13.4.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-5

13.5 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) AND DELHI POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE (DPCC) ........................................................................13-5


13.5.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-5


13.6 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) AUTHORITY (EPCA) FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION .............................................................13-6


13.6.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-6


13.7 DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC) .........................................................13-7


13.7.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-7


13.8 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD (NCRPB)..................................13-7


13.8.2. Function ............................................................................................13-8


13.9 DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION..................................................................13-9


13.9.2. Functions ........................................................................................13-10

13.10 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) ....................................................13-10



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13.10.1. Constitutional Framework .................................................................13-10

13.10.2. Functions and Powers ......................................................................13-10

13.10.3. Institutional Issues...........................................................................13-11

13.11 GNCTD SET-UP ............................................................................................13-11

13.12 DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB)...............................................................................13-11

13.12.1. Constitutional Setup .........................................................................13-11

13.12.2. Functions ........................................................................................13-12

13.13 DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION...............................................................13-12

13.13.1. Summary of Issues ..........................................................................13-12

CHAPTER-14 REVIEW OF URBAN FINANCE .........................................14-1

14.1 TOWARDS A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – FINANCIAL ASPECTS.........................14-1

14.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SITUATION........................14-1

14.3 OVERVIEW OF MCD FINANCES.........................................................................14-1

14.3.1 Revenue Account ...............................................................................14-3

14.3.2 Capital Account..................................................................................14-8

14.3.3 Key Issues and Conclusions ................................................................14-9

14.4 OVERVIEW OF NDMC FINANCES ....................................................................14-10

14.4.1 Revenue Account .............................................................................14-11

14.4.2 Capital Account................................................................................14-15

14.4.3 Key Issues and Conclusions ..............................................................14-17

14.5 OVERVIEW OF DJB FINANCES........................................................................14-17

14.5.1 Revenue Account .............................................................................14-18

14.5.2 Capital Account................................................................................14-19

14.5.3 Key Issues & Conclusion...................................................................14-20

CHAPTER-15 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ........................................15-1

15.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................15-1

15.2 CITY STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE.........................................................................15-1 15.2.1 Primary Stakeholders .....................................................................................15-1 15.2.2 Secondary Stakeholders.................................................................................15-2

15.3 SECTOR WISE VIEWPOINT OF COMMUNITY .....................................................15-3

15.3.1 Sewerage System..........................................................................................15-4 15.3.2 Storm Water Drainage System .......................................................................15-5 15.3.3 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................15-5 15.3.4 Transportation ..............................................................................................15-6 15.4 PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRESENT LEVEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY...............15-7 15.4.1 View on Water Supply....................................................................................15-7 15.4.2 View on Sewerage.........................................................................................15-8 15.4.3 View on Drainage ..........................................................................................15-8



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15.4.4 Slum and JJ clusters ......................................................................................15-8 15.4.5 Views on Traffic and Transportation Sector .....................................................15-8 15.4.6 Views on Solid Waste Management ................................................................15-8 15.4.7 Willingness to Pay for Services .......................................................................15-9 15.5 STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP ............................................................................15-9 CHAPTER-16 CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT...............................................15-1

16.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................15-1

16.2 STRENGTHS....................................................................................................15-1

16.3 WEAKNESSES..................................................................................................15-2

16.4 OPPORTUNITIES .............................................................................................15-3

16.5 THREATS ........................................................................................................15-4

16.6 CONSOLIDATED ISSUES ..................................................................................15-5

CHAPTER – 17 VISION & DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .......................17-1

17.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................17-1

17.2 VISION STATEMENT ........................................................................................17-1

17.3 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT......................................................17-2

17.4 KEY SECTORS .................................................................................................17-4

17.4.1 The IT & ITES Sector.....................................................................................17-4 17.4.2 The Life Style Sector......................................................................................17-5 17.4.3 The Logistics Sector.......................................................................................17-5 17.4.4 Heritage & Tourism Sector .............................................................................17-6 17.4.5 Education Sector ...........................................................................................17-7

17.5 STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT..................................17-7

17.5.1 Strategy for Water Supply..............................................................................17-7 17.5.2 Strategy for Sewerage ...................................................................................17-8 17.5.3 Strategy for Solid Waste Management ............................................................17-9 17.5.4 Strategy for Drainage ..................................................................................17-10 17.5.5 Strategy for Traffic and Transport ................................................................17-11 17.5.6 Strategy for Urban Heritage .........................................................................17-12 17.5.7 Strategy for Environmental Management ......................................................17-13

17.6 STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION TO THE URBAN POOR............................................................................................................17-15

CHAPTER - 18 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK..........................................18-1

18.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................18-1

18.2 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT OPTIONS .............................................................18-1

18.2.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................18-1 18.2.2 Sewerage System..........................................................................................18-2 18.2.3 Road Network and Transportation System ......................................................18-4 18.2.4 Storm Water Drainage ...................................................................................18-7 18.2.5 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................18-9 18.2.6 Heritage and Conservation ...........................................................................18-10 18.2.7 Urban Environment......................................................................................18-13



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18.2.8 Urban Governance.......................................................................................18-15 18.2.9 Other Development Projects.........................................................................18-15 18.2.10 Urban Slums and Poor ...............................................................................18-16

18.3 SUMMARY OF COSTS.....................................................................................18-17

CHAPTER – 19 PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ................19-1

19.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................19-1

19.2 WATER SUPPLY...............................................................................................19-1

19.2.1 Summary of strategies...................................................................................19-1

19.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ........................................................................................19-5

19.3.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-5

19.4 ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM................................................19-7

19.4.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-7

19.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ...............................................................19-15

19.5.1 Summary of Strategies ................................................................................19-15

19.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.........................................................................19-17


19.7 HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT .............................................19-21


19.8 URBAN ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................19-30


19.9 URBAN GOVERNANCE....................................................................................19-34

19.10 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ................................................................19-34

19.11 URBAN SLUMS AND POOR ............................................................................19-35

19.11.1 Summary of Strategies...............................................................................19-36

19.12 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT PLAN ..................................................19-41

CHAPTER – 20 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN...................................20-1

20.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................20-1

20.2 DEPARTMENT WISE INVESTMENT....................................................................20-1

20.3 O&M COST OF INVESTMENT............................................................................20-2

20.4 NEED FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES............................................20-3

20.5 ASSUMPTIONS FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INTIATIVES ...............................20-3

20.5.1 Key assumptions for FOP ...............................................................................20-3

20.6 PROPOSED CASH FLOW OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI.....................20-8

20.7 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR DELHI JAL BOARD .............................................20-10

20.8 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR NDMC ...............................................................20-11

20.9 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................20-12



ToC -

x

CHAPTER – 21 INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ..........................................21-1

21.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................21-1

21.2 REVIEW OF ISSUES IN GOVERNANCE...............................................................21-1

21.3 MEASURES ALREADY INITIATED FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE...............................21-2

21.3.1 E-Governance ...............................................................................................21-3

21.4 AGENDA AND OBJECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS...................................21-3

21.5 NEW PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SET-UP OF DELHI .....................................21-4

21.5.1 Safeguarding of Capital City Functions............................................................21-4

21.5.2 Land Management (in areas outside the Capital City Area)...............................21-4

21.5.3 Streamlining Structure of State and City Level Representatives ........................21-5

21.5.4 Role of Zonal Councils/Corporations (ZC)........................................................21-5

21.5.5 Rationalization of Planning Boundaries............................................................21-6

21.5.6 Metropolitan Planning Committee ...................................................................21-6

21.5.7 Role of Delhi Development Authority ..............................................................21-6

21.5.8 Constitution of Urban Renewal Corporation.....................................................21-7

21.5.10 Water Management .....................................................................................21-7

21.6 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS...21-8

21.6.1 Institutional Structure....................................................................................21-8

21.6.2 Funding Mechanisms .....................................................................................21-9

21.7 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................21-10

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 1 : Introduction

Chapter – 1 Introduction


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CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

The Government of India has recently announced the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The Mission focuses on (i) improving and augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii) initiating wide-ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded investment in urban infrastructure and services; and (iv) strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with the provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992. The objectives of the JNNURM are to ensure:

• Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in

cities; • Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management

through a slew of reforms for long term project sustainability; • Ensuring adequate funds to meet deficiencies in urban infrastructure

services; • Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas,

outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbanization; • Scaling up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis

on universal access to the urban poor; • Special focus on urban renewal programme for old city areas to reduce

congestion; and • Provision of basic services to the urban poor including improved housing,

water supply and sanitation, and ensuring delivery of other existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security.

JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely (i) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, and (ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the urban Poor.

DELHI



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1.2 CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The City Development Plan is both a planning process and a product, which promotes partnership among the various stakeholders in a city- the city government, the private business sector, civil society, academic, and national government agencies- to jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for the future, formulate development strategies, design programmes, prioritize projects, mobilize resources, implement, monitor and evaluate implementation. The CDP is anchored on the following principles of a sustainable city.

LIVABILITY - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified standard of living for the city's residents? COMPETITIVENESS - how can the cities be more competitive in the global economy? BANKABILITY - how can the cities be more sustainable? How can public-private partnerships be promoted and/or enhanced? GOOD GOVERNANCE - how can a city's management be improved? How can accountability, integrity and transparency be made an integral part of a city's management?

1.2.1. Objective of City Development Plan

The goals of a City Development Plan include a collective city vision and action plan aimed at improving urban governance and management, increasing investment to expand employment and services, and systematic and sustained reductions in urban poverty. In order to achieve the above goals, the objectives of the CDP are to:

• Guide & promote economic development of the city; • Develop a consensus building process to establish the city's development

priority, strategies and actions; • Assist local authorities outline their financing and investment strategies;

and, build local capacity for more effective urban management. 1.3 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS

A City Development Plan is a perspective of and a vision for the future development of a city. Essentially, it addresses the following questions: 1. Where are we now? 2. Where do we want to go? 3. What do we need to address on priority basis? 4. What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?



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The framework for preparing CDP as outlined in JNNURM toolkit is presented Figure 1.1. A key aspect in preparation of the CDP is the involvement of the community of stakeholders in the decision process.

Figure 1.1 - Multistage Process

1.3.1. City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation

This is the first step in the preparation of the CDP and includes: (a) An analysis of the existing situation focusing on demographic analysis and

economic activity, land use, financial, urban infrastructure and urban services (like transportation, water supply, and sanitation, sewerage and solid waste management, drainage, transport parking spaces etc) and physical and environmental aspects including heritage areas, water bodies etc.

(b) An assessment of the financial status of the City Government, parastatal and other agencies dealing with service provision including an analysis of

Multi-stakeholder Consultations

The City Assessment Opportunities, Strengths, risks, and weaknesses Unmet demand / gap

Future Perspective and Vision Directions of Change and expectations

Strategies for Development Options and strategies Link with reform agenda Criteria for prioritization

City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives

Parameters • Demography • Economic Issues • Financial • Physical and

environment • Infrastructure • Institutions • Universalisation of

services especially to the urban poor

Sectors / Component • Environmental

services • Social infrastructure • Urban renewal • Slum improvement

and housing for EWS

• Transport and roads

services to the b



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their credit worthiness, effectiveness and efficiency of the institutional frameworks.

(c) Critical assessment as well as projections of the population growth, infrastructure needs and resource requirements in the short-term, medium term and long-term perspectives.

(d) Urban poverty, characteristics of slums e.g. social set up, availability of urban basic and social services and on-going slum improvement programmes etc. An assessment of the inner city and urban renewal requirements, an analysis of present status of availability of urban basic services including the condition of the infrastructure.

(e) Identification of existing nature of commercial and industrial establishments and identification of industries and commercial establishments that are not in conformity to the existing land-use planning and zoning regulations in the inner city areas.

(f) Heritage areas, including Archaeological Heritage, Architectural Heritage, and Architectural Conservation Areas.

(g) To highlight the "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats" (SWOT Analysis) of the City Government / parastatal agencies and related Government departments in the City's specific context to provide an understanding of the factors responsible for inefficient and inadequate production and delivery of urban services, their managerial deficiencies and financial constraints; and to highlight critical factors that call for urgent remedial measures at the city and State governments level.

1.3.2. Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City

Based on the outcomes of the City Assessment, the second stage envisages the development of a Vision to guide the future development of the city, highlighting the direction of change and working out an Action agenda for implememntation with a specific time frame. Based on the Vision, strategies focusing on growth management, urban infrastructure and basic services, slum improvement, housing for EWS, provision of basic services for urban poor, protection of heritage areas, preservation of water bodies, redevelopment of inner city areas, etc. will be proposed. These strategies will respond risks and opportunities facing the city with a focus on reform and reform priorities. The Development of a Vision will be undertaken in consultation with various stakeholders and civil society in the city. Public consultations will focus on broad assessment of municipal resources, possible impact on the municipal budget and the proposal for reform to support development.

1.3.3. Evolving Strategies for Development

This element of work involves highlighting interventions to operationalize the Vision and future development of the city. This includes:

• Identification of options and strategies and their evaluation keeping in view



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their contribution to the goals, objectives and the reform agenda of the JNNURM.

• Translating the strategies into programmes and projects and • Identifying the programmes that have maximum contribution to the

achievement of the city's Vision and medium term perspectives.

Prioritization of the strategies, programmes and projects needs to be done as a consultative process with all the stakeholders.

1.3.4. Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy

This includes: (a): Preparation of a City Investment Plan (CIP), which will include the level of investment requirements to implement the CDP by adopting the financial norms or standards for service provision, and their upgradation, restoration, relocation etc, and directly estimating the cost of implementing the reform agenda. (b): Evaluation of financial options and strategies for financing the Vision, as enumerated in the CDP. Areas which the city government could finance by mobilizing resources in association with other tiers of government or financing institutions; the probability of access to capital market; the potential of enlisting private sector participation and steps needed to facilitate its participation, etc. (c): Broad strategies for financial viability of the proposed investments and improving financial sustainability will be worked out. This would include options for PPP in service delivery and O & M, wherever relevant. The investment schedules will layout the costs and revenue estimates of all priority projects in the next seven years of the Mission period. The preparation of CIP would be an iterative process requiring the adjustments and rescheduling to make the whole package work financially.

1.4 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

This report presents the results of the above mentioned process carried out for the National Capital City of Delhi. Since the region around Delhi has a considerable bearing on processes in the city, aspects of development in the National Capital Region (NCR) have been incorporated in the assessment of key sectors, particularly demography; economic planning; land and growth management and transportation. The report is presented in the following chapters: Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 City Demographic Profile Chapter 3 City Economic Profile Chapter 4 City Environment Profile Chapter 5 Land Management & Urban Growth Chapter 6 Urban Poor and Slum Chapter 7 Conservation & Heritage Management



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Chapter 8 Water Supply Chapter 9 City Sewerage System Chapter 10 Storm Water Drainage Chapter 11 Review of Road Network and Transport System Chapter 12 Solid Waste Management Chapter 13 Institutional Assessment Chapter 14 Review of Urban Finance Chapter 15 Community Consultation Chapter 16 SWOT Analysis Chapter 17 City Vision & Strategy Chapter 18 Investment Framework Chapter 19 Project and Capital Investment Plan Chapter 20 Financial Sustenance Plan Chapter 21 Institutional Reforms

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 2 : City Demographic Profile

Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile


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CHAPTER - 2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

2.1 INTRODUCTION – LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

Delhi is located in northern India between the latitudes of 28°-24’-17” and 28°-53’-00” North and longitudes of 76°-50’-24” and 77°-20’-37” East. It has an area of 1,483 sq. kms. with a maximum length of 51.90 kms and greatest width of 48.48 kms. It shares borders with the States of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The Yamuna River and terminal part of the Aravali hill range are the two main geographical features of the city. The Aravali hill ranges are covered with forest and are called the Ridges; they are the city’s lungs and help maintain its environment. The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in July, August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the Yamuna can result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. During the summer months of April, May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45 degrees Celsius. Winters are typically cold with minimum temperatures during December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree Celsius. February and March, October and November are climatically the best months. The forest cover has increased from 0.76% of the total area in 1980-81 to 1.75% in 1994-95 and 5.93% in 2000-01. Delhi’s mineral resources are primarily sand and stone, which are useful for construction activities. However, the stone quarries in the Ridge area have been shut down since 1984 on account of environmental considerations.

2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS Delhi has been one of the fastest growing cities in the country, clocking over 47% decadal growth from 1991-2001, more than double the national rate. A large part of this rapid growth has been due to the high level of migration. The subsequent sections take a closer look at the trends.

National Capital Region: The NCR comprises of the entire NCT Delhi, eight districts of Haryana, one district of Rajasthan and five districts of Uttar Pradesh with a population of over 371 lakhs in 2001. The sub-regions of NCT-Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh accommodated 37.33%, 23.42%, 8.07% and 31.19% of NCR’s population respectively.



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2.2.1 Area and Population

The annual average exponential growth rate of population of Delhi was the highest (6.42%) during 1941-1951 due to large-scale migration from Pakistan to India after partition in 1947. Since then the annual growth has been recorded at 4.22 % during 1951-1961; 4.25% during 1961-1971; 4.25% during 1971-1981 and 4.15% during 1981-1991. The annual growth rate of population of Delhi during 1991-2001 has been recorded as 3.85% and it is almost double the national average.

2.2.2 Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density

Delhi was considered as a single district for Population Census 1991. In 1996, Government of NCT of Delhi, through a Gazette Notification, created 9 districts and 27 sub-divisions. Population Census 2001 was conducted in Delhi in each of 9 districts and 27 Sub-divisions. Ranking of districts by population, in 1991 and 2001 is given in Table 2.1 Table 2.1: District-wise population

2001 1991

District Population % to total Population % to total Decadal Growth

North-West 2,860,869 20.65 1,777,968 18.87 60.91% South 2,267,023 16.37 1,501,881 15.94 50.95% West 2,128,908 15.37 1,433,038 15.21 48.56% North-East 1,768,061 12.77 1,085,250 11.52 62.92% South-West 1,755,041 12.67 1,087,573 11.55 61.37% East 1,463,583 10.57 1,023,078 10.86 43.06% North 781,525 5.64 686,654 7.29 13.82% Central 646,385 4.67 656,533 6.97 -1.55% New Delhi 179,112 1.29 168,669 1.79 6.19% Total 13,850,507 100 9,420,644 100 47.02%

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04 Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.

Population Density

According to Census 2001, the density of population, in Delhi, averages 9,340 persons per sq. km. as against 6,352 persons in 1991. Density of population at All-India level has been worked out at 324 persons per sq. km. in 2001. The density of population in Delhi is the highest among all states / UT’s in the country. The spatial distribution of the population density in Delhi is given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2: Density of Population (Per person Sq. kms)

Population Density

District 1991 2001 North-East 18,088 29,468 Central 26,261 25,855 East 15,986 22,868



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West 11,116 16,503 North 11,471 13,025 South 6,012 9,068 North-West 4,042 6,502 New Delhi 4,791 5,117 South-West 2,583 4,179 All Delhi 6352 9340

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04 Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.

2.2.3 Natural Increase

According to Civil Registration Records, birth and death rate (per’000 population) have been declining since 1991. The birth rate of 28.48 per 1000 recorded in 1991, further declined to 21.25 in 2001. The death rate also declined from 6.35 per 1000 in 1991 to 5.86 per 1000 in 2001. Infant mortality rate declined from 32.37 per thousand live births in 1991 to 24.49 in 2001. Table 2.3 provides the annual increase between 1991 and 2001. Table 2.3: Birth & Death Rate

(Figures in Lakhs)

Year Population Growth Total Birth

Total Death

Natural Increase Migration

1991 95.5 3.89 2.72 0.61 2.11 1.78 1992 99.37 3.87 2.74 0.62 2.12 1.75 1993 103.38 4.01 2.7 0.64 2.06 1.95 1994 107.5 4.12 2.62 0.68 1.94 2.18 1995 111.74 4.24 2.75 0.69 2.06 2.18 1996 116.1 4.36 2.83 0.76 2.07 2.29 1997 120.57 4.47 2.89 0.71 2.18 2.29 1998 125.14 4.57 2.84 0.8 2.04 2.52 1999 129.82 4.68 2.88 0.79 2.09 2.59 2000 134.6 4.78 3.17 0.8 2.37 2.41

2001(p) 139.5 4.9 2.96 0.81 2.15 2.75 Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

2.3 MIGRATION PATTERN

As observed from the above table, migration has been a major driver in the population increase in the city. The key factors relating to this have been discussed below.

2.3.1 Origin and composition of Migrants

Table 2.4 shows the last estimate for migration origin. This is based on percentage of migration taking place from various States to Delhi during Census period 1981 to 1991. Table 2.4: Origin of Migrants

State of Origin % of total migration

Uttar Pradesh 49.61% Haryana 11.82%



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Bihar 10.99% Rajasthan 6.17% Punjab 5.43% West Bengal 2.79% Madhya Pradesh 2.71% Other States 10.48%

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

DURATION OF MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT

As per a survey done by “The Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi”, a majority of the migrant workers were employed as petty traders or vendors in the service sector and manufacturing. Together these account for over 80% of the migrant population. Table 2.5: Occupational Characteristics of Migrant population

Dominant Occupation Migration

Category Petty Traders

and Vendors

Transport

Workers

Workers in

Services

Manufacturing, Construction and Related

Work

Casual Workers

Total

0-5 Years 5 3 2 3 1 14 6-9 Years 15 0 3 5 0 23 10-11 Years 3 2 8 12 2 27

NCR Settlement Pattern: There are 17 Class I cities in the NCR, including Delhi Metropolis. These account for more than 90 % of the total urban population of the region (Delhi alone accounts for 62%) The highest order settlements identified in Regional plan-2001 were six Central NCR towns and 11 priority towns/regional centers outside NCT-Delhi in NCR. The CNCR towns were envisaged to grow to 37 lakhs against which they actually grew to 28.11 lakhs as per the census 2001. Of these six towns, the towns of Ghaziabad and Faridabad reached their targeted population; the rest of the CNCR towns could not achieve their target. The planned vs actual population figures are given in the table below.

Urban & Rural Settlement in NCR-2001

Name of Area Actual Population 2001

Assigned Popn. as per RP-01

Actual Popn. as % of Assigned Population

CNCR Towns 28,10,942 37,00,000 75.97

Regional Centers /Priority Towns 28,17,837 49,00,000 57.51

NCR (excl. NCT Delhi) 2,32,49,759 2,13,00,000 109.15

NCT-Delhi 1,38,50,507 1,12,00,000 123.67

NCR 3,71,00,266 3,25,00,000 114.15



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Dominant Occupation Migration Category Petty

Traders and

Vendors

Transport

Workers

Workers in

Services

Manufacturing, Construction and Related

Work

Casual Workers

Total

12-15 Years 26 11 27 14 8 86 Total 49 (32.7) 16 (10.7) 40 (26.7) 34 (22.7) 11 (7.3) 150

(100.0) (NOTE: Figures in parenthesis are in percentage) Source: The Institute of Economic Growth Delhi

2.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics

There is a clear class difference between the native residents of Delhi and the migrants. Among the natives, a larger number are either rich or belong to the middle class. On the other hand, among the migrants from Bihar and Jharkhand, a large number are poor, and only 7% are rich. Similarly, most migrants from UP and Uttaranchal are also poor. But those who migrated to this city at the time of independence have become very rich – 87% among them have become rich or belong to the middle class. A snapshot of the economic profile is given below. Table 2.6: Economic Status of Migrant population

Place of origin Rich Middle Poor Delhi 20 53 27 Bihar and Jharkhand 7 31 61 UP and Uttaranchal 10 46 45 Pakistan 36 51 13 Other states 23 49 28

Source: HT-CSDS 2003 survey 2.4 LITERACY RATE

Literacy rate in Delhi was 81.67 in 2001. The rural and urban composition was 78.05 and 82.00, respectively. The following table gives the literacy rate in rural and urban areas of nine districts as recorded in 2001 Census. Table 2.7: Literacy Rate

Literacy Rate (%) State/District

Total Rural Urban State: NCT of Delhi 81.67 78.05 82.00 Districts North West 80.57 78.62 80.77 North 80.10 78.48 80.31 North East 77.53 75.58 77.70 East 84.91 81.94 84.94 New Delhi 83.24 - 83.24 Central 79.69 - 79.69 West 83.39 76.19 83.68 South West 83.61 79.61 84.20 South 81.96 78.05 82.25



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2.5 GENDER RATIO

The gender ratio of Delhi has been showing an upward trend since 1971, though at 821, it is still much lower than the All India average of 933, in 2001. A comparative view of the two is given in Table 2.8. Table 2.8: Sex Ratio of population

Sex Ratio (Females per ‘000 Males) Census Year

Delhi India 1901 862 972 1911 793 964 1921 733 955 1931 722 950 1941 715 945 1951 768 946 1961 785 941 1971 801 930 1981 808 934 1991 827 927 2001 821 933

Source: Delhi Statistical Handbook 2004 2.6 SOCIAL COMPOSITION

The Planning Commission estimates the proportion and number of poor separately for rural and urban India at the national and state levels based on the recommendations of the Task Force on 'Projections of Minimum Needs and Effective Consumption Demands' (1979). The Task Force had defined the poverty line (BPL) as the cost of an all India average consumption basket at which calorie norms were met. The norms were 2400 calories per capita per day for rural areas and 2100 calories for urban areas. These calories norms have been expressed in monetary terms for each individual year. Table 2.9: Monthly Per Capita Poverty Line Delhi- 1973-74/1999-2000



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According to the Delhi Economic Survey 2004-2005, 6% of the people living in Delhi are very poor and another 28% poor. If clubbed together, 34% would be considered as poor. On the other hand, nearly 6% people in Delhi would be considered as very rich and another 12% as rich. As such, 18% people in Delhi are those who would be considered as belonging to the rich class. There is a big middle class, which constitutes 48% of the population. Among the middle class, 28% belong to the upper middle class, while 20% fall in the lower middle class.

2.7 POPULATION PROJECTION

The population projection for Delhi has been provided below. This is as per the projections given by the Census of India. The breakup has been provided by sex, dependency and age. The estimates project a growing trend in the population density and median age, whereas the sex ratio shows a worryingly downward trend.

2.7.1 Annual Average Growth Rate

The demographic indicators project a marginal downturn in the population growth rate from 2.9 per thousand to 2.7. Table 2.10: Demographic Indicators: 2001-2025



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2.7.2 Projected Population

As per the projections of Census of India, the population of Delhi is expected to be over 24 million by 2021 and touch 28 million by 2026.

Population Projections for NCR: The population projection for NCR for the year 2011 and 2021 is given in the table below. The population of NCR is projected to be 641.4 lakhs by 2021. The percentage share of NCT-Delhi is expected to decrease from 37.3% in 2001 to 37% in 2011 and thereafter to 36.6% in 2021. In Haryana Sub-region, the percentage share is projected to consistently increase from 23.4% in 2001 to 24.9% in 2021, whereas in case of UP, it may decline marginally from 31.2% in 2001 to 30.9% in 2021.

Population Growth in National Capital Region

Population in Lakh Population Projection Sub-Region

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Decadal Growth Rate 61-

01 2011 2021

NCT-Delhi 26.6 40.6 62.2 94.2 138.5 51.1 179.9 234.8

Haryana 28.9 37.9 49.4 66.4 86.8 31.6 117.5 160.2

Rajasthan 11.0 14.0 17.7 22.9 29.9 28.4 37.9 48.1

Uttar Pradesh 44.5 54.4 69.6 90.0 115.7 27.0 150.8 198.3

NCR 2072 2117.9 2189.9 2274.5 2371.9 35.2 2497.1 2662.4

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 3 : City Economic Profile

Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile


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CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is rapidly emerging as a world-class metropolis. With a 15% average compounded growth rate, it has one of the fastest growing economies in the country, among cities with million plus population. As with all metros, Delhi’s economy is driven by the services sector, which accounts for 78% of its GSDP and provides employment to 58% of the labour force.

The growing affluence of its populace is reflected by the relatively high per capita income, which at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 ranks second only to Chandigarh. Its literacy rate of 81.82% (as per census 2001) is fourth highest among states in the country. At the same time, this affluence acts as a magnet for immigration from neighboring states and drives the rapid growth in the City’s population. As per the 2001 census the City had a decadal growth rate of 46.31% over 1991, which was more than double the All India growth rate.

On the one hand the growing population, coupled with the growing per capita income is fuelling the growth of the services sector, which in turn provides employment to a majority of the work force. The high proportion of immigration also provides a ready pool of resources for the unorganized sector of the City, which constitutes a significant portion of the overall economy of Delhi.

However, it is necessary to study the various aspects of the economy to understand the dynamics further and formulate a coherent strategy for the future.

3.1.1 Economic Planning

Economic planning for Delhi is presently undertaken at the State level, by the Planning Department of the Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi. This section takes a quick look at the economic planning agendas over the last few years, and the present trends.

Of the Rs. 15,541.28 crore approved by the Planning Commission as plan outlay for the 9th Five Year Plan for Delhi, the tentative expenditure in the 9th Five Year Plan would be about Rs. 13,469.68 crore. It is about 87% of the original approved outlay. The details of outlay and expenditure during Annual Plans under the 9th Five Year Plan are presented below in Table 3.1: Table 3.1: Details of outlay & expenditure during Annual Plan under 9th Five Year Plan

(in Crores) S. No.

Annual Plan Allocation of Plan Outlay

Revised Estimate Expenditure

1. 1997-98 2331.73 2073.00 1978.31 2. 1998-99 2700.00 2365.86 2054.56



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S. No.

Annual Plan Allocation of Plan Outlay

Revised Estimate Expenditure

3. 1999-2000 3000.00 2500.00 2298.20 4. 2000-2001 3300.00 3300.00 3129.11 5. 2001-2002 3800.00 4200.00 4009.50

Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07 document of the GNCTD

During the last two plans (8th & 9th), Infrastructure areas like Energy, Transport, Urban Development and Water Supply received a majority of the funding, indicating the focus of the Govt. on Urban Infrastructure, which required major up gradation, driven by the rising population and expectations. Table 3.2, given below, shows the investments in each of the priority sectors.

Table 3.2: Priorities Sectors of Eighth Five-Year Plan & Ninth Five-Year Plan

(Rs. in crore) S. No. Name of the

Sectors 8th Five Year Plan (1992-97) Expn.

9th Five Year Plan (1997-02) Outlay

9th Five Year Plan

Anticipated Expn.

10th Plan Outlay

(2002-07)

1 Transport

851.94 3158.40 2260.69 5446.71

2 Energy

1549.40 3046.55 3589.70 3457.50

3 Urban Development

966.11 2070.75 1998.07 2940.25

4 Water Supply

895.30 2540.00 1896.88 3766.00

5 Medical & Public Health

407.36 1101.40 1032.31 2223.50

6 Education (Gen. & Tech.)

609.18 1080.75 1132.15 1840.00

7 Social Welfare

34.82 108.60 133.70 322.50

8 Welfare of SC/ST/OBC

38.48 87.25 36.50 158.00

9 Others 855.73 2347.58 1389.65 369.29

Grand Total 6208.32 15541.28 13469.68 20523.75

Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07. Document of the GNCTD

The Tenth Plan outlay has been made based on various studies done by the concerned Departments and the 20 year perspective “Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP) – 2021” formulated with the Ministry of Environment & Forest, GoI. The outlays for the priority sectors under this plan indicate a continued emphasis on the infrastructure aspects that characterized the previous plans, as shown in the table above.

3.2 ECONOMIC PROFILE 3.2.1 City GDP – Growth and Sectoral contributions

This section provides a review of the present position of the City Economy.



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Estimates at Current Prices Delhi has a strong and vibrant economy. Gross State Domestic Product at current prices was to the tune of Rs. 66,866 crores during 2001-02 depicting a 7.0% growth over the previous year (Table 3.3). Quick estimates at Rs. 74,474 crores for 2002-03 indicate 11.4% growth at current prices. Net State Domestic Product at current prices for the year 2002-03 is estimated to touch Rs. 68747 crores indicating a growth of 11.6% over the previous year (Table 3.4) Table 3.3 – Percentage Growth over previous year 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 GSDP 1. At Current Prices 11.4 18.2 7.0 11.4 2. At 1993-94 Prices 4.6 13.6 4.2 7.9 NSDP 1. At Current Prices 11.8 18.8 7.0 11.6 2. At 1993-94 Prices 4.6 14.2 4.2 8.1


Estimates at 1993-94 Prices GSDP at 1993-94 prices was estimated at Rs. 40,900 crores for 2001-02 indicating a real growth of 4.2% over the previous year (Table 3.5). However real annual growth for the year 2002-03 (Rs. 44,135 crores) is expected to be 7.9% as compared to 4.0% at the national level. NSDP at 1993-94 prices was estimated at Rs. 37,366 crores with 4.2% annual growth for the year 2001-02. However the annual growth for 2002-03 (Rs. 40,396 crores) is expected to be at 8.1% (Table 3.6). The real growth in sectoral GSDP for 2002-03 is expected to be -2.0% in the primary sector, 6.4 % in the secondary sector and 8.5 % in the tertiary sector.

Figure 1 – Year-Wise Growth of GDP at Current Prices

23.1

9.8

19.1

22

15.2

11.4

18.2

7

11.4

17.4 1715.9

11.8

15

10.2

8

9.9

7.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

Year

Perc

enta

ge

Delhi All India




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3.2.2 Trends

Gross State Domestic Product of Delhi, at current prices, estimated at Rs. 74,474 crores during 2002-03, has shown an annual compound growth rate of 15.11% over the estimate of Rs. 20,992 crores in 1993-94. Similarly, annual compound growth rate at 1993-94 prices has been 8.61% for the corresponding period. The Net State Domestic Product at current prices for 2002-03 has been estimated of Rs. 68,747 crores, indicating an annual compound growth rate of 15.38% over the corresponding estimate of Rs. 18,967 crores in 1993-94. At 1993-94 prices, NSDP is projected at Rs. 40,396 crores in 2002-03 registering an annual compound growth rate of 8.76 %. The comparative picture of Delhi vis-à-vis All India is depicted below: Table 3.4: Annual Compound Growth (Between 1993-94 & 2002-03)

DELHI ALL INDIA

GSDP/GDP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices

15.11% 8.61%

12.47% 5.98%

NSDP/NNP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices

15.38% 8.76%

12.5% 5.89%


Per Capita Income According to the present series, the per capita income of Delhi at current prices is projected at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 compared to Rs. 43,751 in 2001-02. The annual growth rates for 2001-02 is 3.2% respectively. Quick Estimates indicate an annual growth of 8.5% during 2002-03.

The per capita income of Delhi at 1993-94 prices is projected at Rs. 27,898 in 2002-03 compared to Rs. 26,550 in 2001-02, registering an annual growth of 5.1 %. However in real terms per capita income at National level has been estimated at Rs. 10,964 during 2002-03 (CSO Estimates) Delhi’s per capita income is more than double the national average, both at current and constant prices as indicated below: Table 3.5: Per Capita Income (in Rs.)

1993-94 2001-02* 2002-03# A.C.G.R. 1993-94

to 2002-03 At Current Prices Delhi 18,166 43,751 47,477 11.26% All India 7,690 17,947 18,912 10.52% At Constant (1993-94) Prices

Delhi 18,166 26,550 27,898 4.88% All India 7,690 10,774 10,964 4.02%

N.B.: * - Provisional, # - Quick, ACGR – Annual Compound Growth Rate. Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004



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3.2.3 Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the income and employment generation potentials for the three main sectors of the City Economy. States / UT Wise Position Table 3.6 provides the provisional results of the fifth economic census in States / UTs in respect of key features. NCT of Delhi has secured a share of 1.79% in enterprises and 4.12% in terms of employment in the total for the country. Table 3.6: Key Features of the Economy

Parameters Delhi All India Position Total Enterprises - Share of All India

753,795 1.79%

42,123,849

16

Average Annual Growth Rate: - Enterprises - Employment

1.36 2.21

4.8

2.49

33 18

Percentage Enterprise Employing 10+ persons

2.7% 1.4% 10

Percentage of Enterprises in non-Agri Business

99.3% 84.7% 1

Total Employment - Share of All India

4,080,033 4.12%

98,967,642 11

Hired Workers Percentage 76.6% 52.4% 6 Female Workers Percentage 10.5% 19.3% 34

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

Sectoral Review The analysis of sectoral growth in Gross State Domestic Product at current prices reveals that contribution of primary sector comprising of agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing, mining & quarrying and also the secondary sector comprising of manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply and construction is decreasing. On the contrary, the tertiary sector, also called the service sector, comprising of trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication, financing & insurance, real estate, business services, public administration and other services, is the major contributor to the economy of Delhi, increasing regularly. The contribution of primary the sector, which was 3.85 % during 1993-94, has come down to 1.13% in 2002-03. Similarly the contribution of the secondary sector recorded at 25.20% in the base year has also declined to 21.90% in 2002-03. On the other hand, the contribution of the tertiary sector which worked out to 70.95% in 1993-94 has increased to 76.97% in 2002-03.

A comparative picture regarding the shift in sectoral composition of GSDP in Delhi is available in Table 3.7 below.



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Table 3.7 - Sectoral Growth of Economy at Current Prices

(in Rs. Lakhs) Sector 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Primary 76,757 80,465 82,601 79,912 84,361 84,452

Secondary 889,763 878,711 1,370,739 1,356,687 1,460,876 1,629,390

Tertiary 3,781,896 4,349,952 4,821,690 5,380,169 5,940,281 6,668,633

Gross State domestic product

4,748,416 5,300,965 6,273,293 6,818,546 7,480,683 8,382,475

Sectoral composition of Gross State Domestic Product at 1993-94 prices also indicates the same trend as that of current prices but with slight variations in percentages. During 2002-03 contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sector was 1.17%, 22.54% and 76.29% respectively.

Table 3.8 – Sectoral Composition of GSDP in Delhi

(in Percentage) 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Sector 1993-

94 Current Constant Current Constant Current Constant Primary 3.85 1.29 1.37 1.23 1.29 1.13 1.17 Secondary 25.2 21.92 22.96 22.13 22.86 21.9 22.54 Tertiary 70.95 76.79 75.67 76.64 75.85 76.97 76.29 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004 The reasons for the shift in the sectoral composition of the Delhi Economy may be attributed to the rapid urbanization and consequential reduction in agricultural and allied activities on one hand; and substantial increase in activities pertaining to the services sector on the other. Regular monitoring of environmental degradation by different Government agencies on the directives of the Honorable Supreme Court and subsequent closure of polluting industrial units also contributed to the reduction of output of the secondary sector.

NCR Review: The industrial activities in NCR have been developing over a span of more than three decades during which substantial structural changes have taken place. Industrial development in NCR, to a large extent, is characterized by the ‘Scale Factor’ i.e developments could be easily characterized in terms of large and medium units, small scale industries and development in tiny unorganized units.



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3.2.4 Work Participation Rate This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the employment and distribution of workers based on various parameters including geographical, industry segment, enterprise type, etc.

Distribution of Enterprises The number of enterprises found to be operating in the geographical boundaries of NCT of Delhi during 2005 was 753,795. Out of them only 27,695 (3.67%) were in rural areas and 726,100 (96.33%) in urban areas. Enterprises have been classified into two broad groups with respect to type of premises viz. Enterprises with premises and without premises (i.e. moving type).

NCR Review – Worker Participation: The Central NCR towns, namely, Bahadurgarh, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Gaziabad, NOIDA, with a workforce participation rate of 29.50% in 1991 had a very low proportion of primary workers (5.16%) a moderately high proportion of secondary worker (37.29%) and a high proportion of tertiary workers (57.55%). The Regional Centers as identified as in the Regional Plan 2001 in totality represented a workforce participation rate of 27.10% in 1991 as compared to 26.6% in 1981.

NCR Sectoral Review: The organized industrial sector consisting of the large and medium units and SSI in NCR has developed both in terms of number of units as well as in terms of growth in terms of growth of different industries. In Haryana Sub-Region, units are manufacturing engineering goods, consisting of metal products and parts, machine tools and electric machinery show highest percentage distribution. Electric machinery, metal products and parts, chemical products and parts, textile products constitute the major sectors in UP Sub-Region. In Rajasthan Sub-Region, metal products and parts, textile products and transport equipments along with chemicals, non-metallic mineral products and basic metal products constitute the major sectors.



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Table 3.9 - Distribution of Enterprises


Analysis of related data revealed that out of the total enterprises 87.23% were enterprises operating with fixed premises and rest of the 96,238 enterprises accounting for 12.77% were operating without any fixed premises. About 2.68% of the total enterprises were the found to be employing more than 10 workers. Break-up of enterprises, as shown in Table 3.10 in terms of the agricultural and non-agricultural type revealed that 5,328 (0.71%) belong to the former category and 748,467 (99.29%) to the latter. There has been a substantial drop in rural enterprises between 1998 and 2005, of over 25%, whereas urban enterprises have shown a growth of over 10% in the same period.

Table 3.10 - Number of Enterprises under 4th & 5th Economic Census


Distribution of Number of Persons Usually Working The total number of persons usually found to be working in the enterprises of Delhi worked out to 4,080,033 persons. The share of rural and urban enterprises with respect to employment was about 1.79% and 98.21% respectively. Out of the total workers, 3,123,667 (76.56%) were hired workers and of the rest, nearly 23.44%, were household workers.



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Table 3.11 - Employment under 4th & 5th Economic Census (Number pf persons)


Employment in the Fifth Economic Census when compared to that Fourth economic Census registered an overall increase of about 16.54% during the period 1998-2005. However, there was a drop of nearly 15% in employment in rural areas. Average Employment The average number of persons usually working in each enterprise comes to 5.41 persons in Delhi. In Rural Delhi, this average was 2.64 persons per enterprise while in urban areas it was as high as 5.52 persons per enterprise. In comparison to the fourth economic census (1998) the overall average employment per enterprise registered a marginal increase from 5.10 person per enterprise to 5.41 persons in the fifth economic census (2005).

Table 3.12 - Average Employment under Fifth & Fourth Economic Census (Number of persons)

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD The average number of hired persons per enterprise was 1.57 and 4.24 persons for rural and urban areas respectively.

District-Wise Profile

The basic enterprise data is presented district-wise in Table 3.13 below. Based on the Fifth Economic Census, the North-West District with a share of 17.33% in



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the total number of enterprises is leading the table. This is closely followed by the South District (14.16%) and West District (13.39%). In the case of employment, the South District with a 16.80% share is in the forefront. It is followed by the North-West District (14.35%) and the West District (11.36%). New Delhi District is ranked least, both in the case of the number of enterprises and employment among the 9 districts for obvious reasons. Table 3.13 - District- wise numbers of Enterprises with Selected Principal Characteristics


Worker Characteristics

The following Table indicates the estimated distribution of population in Delhi according to the 48th, 55th and 57th rounds (July 2001 to June 2002) of NSS under state sample: Table 3.14 - Estimated Distribution of Population

(in lakhs) S. No.

Particulars 48th Round (Jan.-Dec. 1

992)

55th Round (July 1999-June

2000)

57th Round (July 2001 to June, 2002)

1 Employed 32.61 (33.04%) 38.94 (29.29%) 41.75 (29.93%) 2 Unemployed 1.96 (1.99%) 5.59 (4.20%) 2.95 (2.12%) 3 Labour Force (1+2) 34.57 (35.02%) 44.54 (33.49%) 44.70 (32.05%) 4 Out of Labour

Force 64.14 (64.98%) 88.44 (66.51%) 94.80 (67.95%)

5 Estimated Population (3+4)

98.71 (100.00%) 132.98 (100.00%) 139.50 (100.00%)

6 Percentage of unemployed person to Labour Force

5.67 12.55 6.60

Note: Household Consumer Expenditure in Delhi (Based on NSS 57th Round 2002)-Dept. of Eco. & Stats)

From the above Table it may be seen that while the total number of persons as well as the labour force increased in absolute terms, there was a decrease in relative terms from 34.57 lakh in (48th Round) to 44.54 lakh (55th Round) and 44.70 lakh in 57th Round (2002). The distribution of the work force by type of activities as per 48th round (Jan.-Dec. 1992) and 55th round (July 1999-June 2000) is given in Table 3.15 below.



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Table 3.15: Distribution of Workforce by Type of Activities (in lakhs)

S. No. Activities 48th Round 55th Round 1 Agriculture 0.92 (2.82) 0.60 (1.54) 2 Mining - - 3 Manufacturing 7.84 (24.04) 8.78 (22.55) 4 Electricity, Gas, Water etc. 0.09 (0.28) 0.11 (0.29) 5 Construction 1.78 (5.46) 2.26 (5.78) 6 Trade, Hotel, and Restaurants 6.85 (21.01) 11.31 (29.05) 7 Transport, Communication etc. 2.59 (7.94) 2.91 (7.47) 8 Finance and Business Activities 1.53 (4.69) 2.49 (6.40) 9 Public Admn., Education, Health

etc. 11.01 33.76) 10.48 (26.92)

Total 32.61 (100.00) 38.94 (100.00) Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentages From the above table it may be seen that as per the 55th Round of NSS (2000), the major sources of employment in Delhi are Trade, Hotels and Restaurants (29.05%) followed by Public Administration, Educations, Health etc.(26.92) and Manufacturing (22.55%)

The status–wise distribution of work force as per 48th round (1992), 55th round (2000) and 57th round (2002) of NSSO Surveys, given in Table 3.16 shows that out of the total work-force, the number of self-employed persons increased from 13.05 lakh (33.51%) in 55th round to 14.61 (35.00%) lakh in the 57th round. The regular/wage salaried persons increased from 22.91 lakh (58.84%) in 55th round (2000) to 25.21 lakh (60.38%) in 57th round (2002).

Table 3.16: Distribution of Workforce

(in lakhs) Urban Rural Total S.

No. Description 48th 55th 57th 48th 55th 57th 48th 55th 57th

1 Self-employed

10.00 11.91 14.17 1.22 1.14 0.44 11.31 (34.68%)

13.05 (33.51

%)

14.61 (35.00%)

2 Regular / Wage Salaried

17.11 20.87 22.88 1.61 2.04 2.33 18.72 (57.41%)

22.91 (58.84

%)

25.21 (60.38%)

3 Others / Casual Wage Labourers

2.41 2.71 1.86 0.17 0.27 0.07 2.58 (7.91%)

2.98 (7.65%)

1.93 (4.62%)

4 Total Work Force

29.61 35.49 38.91 3.00 3.45 2.84 32.61 (100.00%)

38.94 (100.0

0%)

41.75 (100.00

%) Source: Annual Plan On Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Manpower & Employment Office, Planning Department, GNCTD Informal Sector The informal sector contributes significantly in generation of employment and income. Of the total of 17.45 lakh persons employed in 8.38 lakh enterprises in the informal sector during June 1999 -July 2000, 8.50 lakh (48.72%) were employed in trading activities. Manufacturing sector accounts for 4.12 lakh persons (23.60) followed by other service sectors.



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Organized Sector As per the Employment Market Information (EMI) of Dept. of Employment, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, employment in the organized sector declined slightly from 8.45 lakh in March 1998 to 8.39 lakh in March 2004. Unemployment According to the results of 48th & 55th Rounds of NSSO conducted during 1992 and 1999-2000, 1.96 lakh and 5.59 lakh persons were found to be unemployed during the period (Table No. 3.14). As per NSS 57th Round conducted during 2002, 2.95 lakh persons were found unemployed.

Table 3.17 - Distribution of Unemployed Persons by Level of Education Attained

S.

No. Education Level Male Female Total % of Total

1 Illiterate 32525 57563 90088 16.11 2 Literate+ Primary 50080 36989 87069 15.57 3 Middle 51183 43708 94891 16.97 4 Secondary 61074 41804 102878 18.40 5 10+2 26114 39980 66094 11.82 6 Graduate &

Others 47912 70198 118110 21.13

Total 268888 290242 559130 % of Total 48.09 51.91 100.00 100.00

Source: Annual Plan on Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Manpower & Employment Office, Planning Department, GNCTD

From the above table it may be seen that out of the total unemployed persons, graduates and others constitute 21.13%; followed by those educated up to secondary level (18.40%). Educated unemployed persons constitute 83.89% of the total estimated unemployed persons in Delhi during 2000.

3.3 PRIMARY SECTOR

The Primary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of share in the GSDP. This is to be expected as rural and agricultural lands are developed to cater to the rapid urbanization of the city. A quick snapshot of the income of the various types of enterprises in this sector is given in the table below.

Table 3.18 - Net Income and Growth in the Primary Sector

(in Rs. Lakhs)




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The sector has been more or less stagnant over the last 10 years.

3.4 SECONDARY SECTOR

The Secondary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of its share of GSDP. One of the major factors was the policy of shifting polluting industries out of the NCT area. This has lead to a general slow down in industrial activity as can be seen from the chart below. However, the major factor of growth in this sector has been the performance of the construction industry, which at 21.39% CAGR is the highest in all the industrial segments. A quick snapshot of the income of the various types of enterprises in this sector is given in table 3.19 below:

Table 3.19 : Net Income and Growth in the Secondary Sector

(in Rs. Lakhs)


3.4.1 Industry

During the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) in 2003-04, there were 3193 factories in the organized sector. The primary characteristics of these industries have been shown below in Table 3.20

Table 3.20: Important characteristics of the organised industrial (Factory) sector during 2003-2004



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No. of Factories Covered S .No Type of Organisation Census Sample Total

1 Individual Proprietorship 36 953 989 15.06% 32.26% 30.97%

2 Joint Family (HUF) 0 26 26 0.88% 0.81%

3 Partnership 74 1001 1075 30.96% 33.89% 33.67%

4 Public Limited Company 50 103 153 20.92% 3.49% 4.79%

5 Private Limited Company 79 871 950 33.05% 29.49% 29.75%

6 Govt. Deptt. Enterprises 0 0 07 Public Corporation 0 0 08 Co-operative Societies 0 0 09 Others 0 0 0 TOTAL 239 2954 3193 100% 100% 100%

Organised Industry

The summary results revealed that during the reference period of ASI 2003-2004, a larger number of factories were engaged in manufacturing of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur (17.71%); followed by manufacture of fabricated material product except machinery (8.55%); manufacture of machinery and equipment (8.49%); and manufacture of rubber and plastic product

(6.66%); manufacture of publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media (6.42%) These five industries together account for 45.7 percent of the total working factories, provide employment to 58.24 percent of the total employees and utilize 51.98 percent of fixed capital stock. Their share in the gross value of output and net value added by manufacture were 37.33 and 44.84 percent respectively.

The study during the Annual Survey of 2002-03 reveals that:

1. Factories under the group ‘partnership’ numbering 1075 (33.67 %) were the

highest in the factory sector; followed by individual proprietorship-989 (30.97%); Private Limited Company-950 (29.75%); Public Limited Company-153 (4.79%); Joint Family (HUF)-26 (0.81%) in that order.

2. In the Census Sector, Pvt. Ltd.

Companies number 79 (33.05%), Partnerships-74 (30.96%), Public Limited Company-50 (20.92%), Individual Proprietorship-36 (15.06%) and other organisation as Joint Family (HUF), Govt. Dept., Public Corporation & Co-op Society are Nil.

3. The pattern in the Sample sector, however was slightly different i.e.

Partnership 1001 (33.89%) occupied the top position, followed by Individual Proprietorship 953 (32.26%), Private Ltd. Company 871 (29.49%), Public Ltd. Company 103 (3.49%), Joint Family (HUF) 26 (0.88%) in that order.

Household Industries

The “Report on Unorganised Service Sector in Delhi”, based on the data collected during the 57th NSS survey, indicates that nearly 69.25% of the total enterprises in the unorganized service sector in Delhi were household

The Census Sector consists of the following categories: • Units having 100 or more workers and • All factories covered under Joint return

and contributing significantly in terms of GVA.

Sample sector: All industrial units of theentire ASI frame minus the Industrial units of the Census Sector will form the sample sector.



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enterprises, employing about 2.21 lakh workers. As per the 4th Economic Census, the total number of Own Account Enterprises (OAE), which are the same as household enterprises, is 329,190. Of this, Retail Trade accounted for a whopping 135,398 followed by Transport at 34,991 and Manufacturing & Repair at 34,659.

Unorganized Industry

The pattern of enterprises and employment in the unorganized industrial sector is very similar to that of the organized sector. Here too the manufacturing of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur has the largest representation with 27.42% followed by manufacture of fabricated metal at 13.93% and manufacture of furniture at 10.82%. These sectors also provided the highest employment with 30.22%, 10.14% and 9.65%, respectively.

Table 3.21: Distribution of Enterprise and Employment by Type in the Unorganized Sector

DELHI Description Enterprises Rank Employment Generated Rank Number Percentage Number Percentage Manufacture of Wearing Apparels; Dressing & Dyeing of Fur 52168 27.42 1 239948 30.22 1 Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery & Equipment 26499 13.93 2 80515 10.14 2 Manufacture of Furniture; Mfg. NEC 20586 10.82 3 76646 9.65 3 Manufacture of Food Products & Beverages 17986 9.45 4 56084 7.06 5 Manufacture of Textiles 15898 8.35 5 75273 9.48 4 Manufacture of Rubber & Plastics Products 9520 5 6 38023 4.79 6 Manufacture of Paper & paper Products 6873 3.61 7 27608 3.48 8 Publishing, Printing & reproduction of Recorded Media 5454 2.87 8 22054 2.78 10 Manufacture of Machinery & Equipment 5254 2.76 9 29520 3.72 7 Manufacture of Electrical Machinery & Apparatus 4549 2.39 10 26820 3.38 9 Tanning & Dressing ofLeather: Mfg. Of Luggage, Handbags, Footwear etc. 4133 2.17 11 18605 2.34 12 Manufacture of Basic Metals 3968 2.09 12 17550 2.21 14



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DELHI Description Enterprises Rank Employment Generated Rank Number Percentage Number Percentage Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers 7 Semi-Trailers 3615 1.9 13 17866 2.25 13 Manufacture of Radio, Television & Communication Equipment & Apparatus 3148 1.65 14 21480 2.7 11 Manufacture of Wood Products 2869 1.51 15 8261 1.04 17 Manufacture of Chemicals & Chemical Products 2707 1.42 16 14711 1.85 15 Manufacture of Medical, Precision & optical Instruments, Watches & Clocks 2606 1.37 17 10098 1.27 16 Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment 1250 0.66 18 6560 0.83 18 Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 704 0.37 19 3106 0.39 19 Recycling 378 0.2 20 3004 0.38 20 Manufacture of Office, Accounting & Computing Machinery 94 0.05 21 209 0.03 21 Manufacture of Tobacco Products 18 0.01 22 117 0.01 22 Total 190277 100 794058 100

Source: Report on Unorganised Manufacturing Activities in Delhi, 56th Round 3.5 TERTIARY SECTOR

The tertiary sector, accounting for 76% of the GSDP of Delhi, is also the fastest growing. Banking & Insurance and the Real Estate & Business Services showed the highest growth rates at 20.17% and 17.22% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2003-04. Overall the sector growth at 16.53% was the highest of all the 3 sectors.

Table 3.22 Net Income and Growth in the Tertiary Sector (in Rs. Lakhs)



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The major industries under this sector, in terms of income are Banking & Insurance and Trade, Hotels & Restaurants at 30.21% and 25.56% respectively as per the figures shown above for 2002-03. Other areas of potential growth include Real Estate and Other Services.

3.5.1 Trade, Hotels & Restaurants

Trade, along with Hotels & Restaurants accounts for over 43.5% of the total enterprises in Delhi and contributes to nearly 20% of its GSDP. The figure below shows the breakup by enterprise group. This sector has been growing at a near 14% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03.

As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 268,091 enterprises under the Trade classification, which employed a total of 694,034 persons. Of this Retail Trade accounts for the highest number in terms of enterprises and employment.

3.5.2 Retail Trade

The Retail Trade sector accounts for 33.7% of the enterprises in Delhi. A majority of the enterprises in this sector are in the unorganized category accounting for 135,398 enterprises against 95,735 in the organized category. These enterprises provide employment to 535,887 persons.



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3.5.3 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services

Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services accounts for only 4.25% of the total enterprises in Delhi though it contributes to over 33% of its GSDP. This sector has been growing at over 19% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03.

As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 29,153 enterprises employing a total of 207,465 persons.

3.5.4 Unorganised Trade

As per the report on Unorganised Sector in Delhi (based on NSS 57 during 2001-02) the total numbers of enterprises operating in NCT of Delhi and falling within the purview of unorganised service sector were estimated as 244,873.

Out of them, 11,467 (4.68%) were in rural areas while 233,406 (95.32%) were operating in urban areas. Of these, 169,577 (69.25%) were household enterprises (OAE) operating without any hired labour and 75,296 (30.75%) were establishments with at least one hired worker. In Delhi, Community / Social / Personal service activities, including other transport accounted for 22.57% followed by Real estate, Renting and Business activities with 14.38% share while Restaurants contributed 14.06%. These three categories taken together contributed for more than 50 percent of the total number of enterprises.

3.5.5 Estimated Employment

The total employment provided by the un-organised service sector enterprises was about 5.92 lakhs. Out of the total employment, 15,885 persons (2.68%) were employed in rural enterprises while 575,909 persons (97.32%) were employed in the enterprises operating in urban Delhi. Household enterprises (OAE’s) employed about 2.21 lakh persons, (37.36%) whereas 3.71 lakh persons (62.74%) were gainfully employed in establishments. Out of the total persons employed 47.86% were working owners, 47.03% hired workers and the rest of 5.11% fall in the category of other workers which includes un-paid house hold workers, helpers etc. Of these, female employees accounted for only 15.5%. The average employment of own account enterprises stood at 1.3 persons and in establishments this was as high as 4.93 persons, though out of the total of 278,335 hired workers, more than 70% were found to be skilled. Enterprises dealing with Community/Social/Personal services etc accounted for 19.44% followed by Health & Social Work with 16.12 %, and Restaurants which contributed 15.62 % of the total employment. These enterprises taken together provide employment to more than 50 % of the persons employed in this Sector.

3.5.6 Financial Indicators

Delhi has recorded the highest combined Gross Value Added per worker as well as per enterprise among 35 States / UTs in the country.



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The Gross Value Added per annum, per enterprise, in the unorganised service sector was Rs. 1.52 lakhs. The Value Added per worker in this sector was estimated as Rs. 62,998 per year. Value added per worker in OAE’s was Rs. 37,844 and that of establishments was Rs. 77,939 per annum. The Value Added per worker was relatively high in enterprises located in urban areas (Rs. 63,770) as compared to that of (Rs. 35,011) enterprises located in rural areas.

About 20.03% of these enterprises were expanding, 52.61% were stagnant, 10.93% were contracting as per the assessment of the entrepreneurs.

3.5.7 Other Features

About 25.30% of these enterprises were household based. 57.93% have independent premises outside the household and 16.77% were mobile / hawkers type. Of these, 94.28% enterprises were proprietary in nature. The major problems faced by the entrepreneurs included shortage of capital (16.42%), local problems (13.64%), competition from other units (13.35%) and power cuts (10.14%). The share of enterprises found registered under some authority or act was 93.25% among Own Account enterprises and 91.17% among establishments. Only 3.14% of the enterprises in Delhi have availed any type of assistance.

3.6 ISSUES

Overall the economy of Delhi appears to be on a pretty sound footing. The growth rate and the sectoral trends are quite in line with global trends for very large cities. However, there are a few points of concern. The major points include: 1. The comparatively large influx of low quality manpower from neighboring

states could skew the skill level available. 2. The lack of focus on major value-add sectors like Software, BPO,

Communications and Biotechnology is likely to lead to a situation where the Value-Add per employee / enterprise would be affected adversely. It is ironic that these sectors which have established a strong presence and a fast growth trajectory in the NCR towns like Gurgaon and NOIDA, yet have to make much headway in Delhi.

3. The highly skewed sex ratio in the employment sector, with 15% females in

the workforce.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 4 : City Environment Profile

Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile


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CHAPTER – 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi’s unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few decades has created enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison to the urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental degradation grew at a much higher rate. The alarming fact is that it has not ended. This degradation includes loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and aesthetics, air pollution, surface and ground water pollution, loss of water bodies, receding water table, high incidence of diseases and mortality. According to World Bank estimates, the pollution itself caused nearly 9900 deaths in the year 1995. Environment degradation cannot be ‘cured’. The cure is never complete, losses are too high and remediation is far too expensive. Given this complex scenario, the approach to manage and control has to be strictly adhered to, which will support the smooth development of the city. This chapter gives a description of the existing status of environmental conditions in the city of Delhi

4.1.2 Environmental Management

Environmental regulation, although not new to India, has been given focus only in the eighties. Although the laws are comprehensive, enforcement has been weak and this has been one of the major causes of environmental degradation in Delhi. There are several regulatory agencies operating at the national and city level for implementation of regulations. Table 4.1 shows the various agencies and their roles.

Table 4.1: Agencies in Environmental Management and their Role

Agency Role

Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC)

Compliance of water, air, noise parameters at Delhi level

Central Pollution Control Board Compliance at national level, monitoring of water quality of the Yamuna and discharging drains at various locations

Delhi Jal Board Ensuring water supply & managing raw water in Delhi, discharges in Yamuna

Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD)

Solid Waste Management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning

Environmental Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPPCA)

Enforcement of environmental regulation in NCR, hazardous substances

Department of Industry – Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC)

relocation of polluting and non conforming industries

"The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country".



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Delhi Development Authority (DDA) Development of parks and open spaces New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC)

Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the New Delhi area

Delhi Police Auto emissions, noise pollution, public health and hygiene

Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the Delhi Cantonment area

Central Water Commission Monitors the river flow and water quality at three regular stations

Central Ground Water Board Ground water monitoring through 108 stations Ridge Management Board Management of Delhi Ridge Irrigation and Flood Control Department

Management of water bodies – lakes, tanks and ponds of Delhi

NGOs – TERI, CSE, TAPAS, INTACH creating awareness, research and conducting studies, publications, creating awareness

Source: Discussions with Stakeholders

All the above mentioned agencies are concerned with activities directly dealing with environmental services, environmental infrastructure investment, environmental planning at the project and sectoral levels. Only two agencies, DPCC for Delhi and EPPCA for NCR are responsible for regulating, monitoring and enforcing environmental concerns.

4.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE 4.2.1 Physical Features

The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of India. The main features of Delhi are the Aravalli hill ranges and the Yamuna river. The Aravalli hill ranges are covered with forest called the Ridges. The Yamuna is the main source of drinking water for the citizens of Delhi. There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the total area in Delhi. Delhi’s mineral sources are primarily sand and stone which are used for construction activities.

4.2.2 Geology

The geology of Delhi features pre-Cambrian to Quaternary formations in age. The pre Cambrian formations are represented by the Alwar Quartzites. These are overlain by the Aeolian deposits, which are further overlain by the old and the new alluvial deposits.

4.2.3 Climate

Delhi has a semi arid climate, with hot summers, average rainfall and moderate winters. Mean monthly temperatures range from 14.3˚ C in January to 34.5˚ C in June. However, the temperatures go upto 40-45˚ C in summers and 4-5˚ C in winters. The annual precipitation is about 711 mm falling largely during the monsoon months (July – September). Dust storms are frequent during the summer months leading to an immense build-up of particulate matter in the atmosphere.

Environmental protection is a fundamental duty of every citizen of this country under Article 51-A(g) of our Constitution which reads as follows: "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures."



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Ground Water Usage

domestic, 48

industrial , 9 losses, 3

irrigation , 40

4.2.4 Wind Direction

Wind directions vary with season. In the summers, the predominant wind directions are from the west in the morning and either west or northwest in the evening. In the monsoons, the predominant wind directions are from the south-east or west in the morning and from east (in July and August) or north-west (in September) in the evenings. During the post monsoon season, west and calm winds predominate in the mornings while in the evenings, north and northwest winds are most frequent. In the winter mornings, southwest and west winds dominate, while in the evenings, northwest and north winds are frequent

4.2.5 Land Resources Delhi covers an area around of 1483 sq kms based on the estimations in the Master Plan. It consists of the Yamuna Flood Plain, the old Khadar (earlier flood plain) and the Bangar (upper alluvial plain). Majority of the land is covered by fine-to-coarse loamy soils with different levels of moisture-retention capacity. This land has been converted to urban use.

4.2.6 Water Resources

Delhi’s sources of water consist of surface and ground water.

Ground Water Ground water exploration is carried out at a depth range of 50 to 150 m in the Delhi Quartzite. The Quaternary deposits constitute the major repository of ground water. Total ground water resources in the NCT Delhi are estimated around as 28156.32 ha m (Central Ground Water Board). The annual extraction of ground water is estimated around 47945.18 ha m (Central Ground Water Board).

Source: CGWB



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Net Ground Water Availability in Delhi – Unit-wise

South12%

South West34%

North East3%

North West32%

West12%

New Delhi1%

North3%Central

1%

East2%

Source: Ground Water Resources of National Capital Territory Delhi, CGWB, 2006

Pre Monsoon Water Level

The Pre Monsoon Water Level is measured in the month of May. The levels at various locations done on the year 2003 by CGWB are shown in Table 4.2 & Table 4.3. Table 4.2: Pre Monsoon Levels of Ground Water in Delhi Location Level (m below ground

level, bgl) Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar, Balbirnagar

40-60

Ghottorni, JNU 40-60 NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha

30-40

Central Parts, North of Najafgarh Jheel, South Eastern Part of West Districts

10-20

Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Northwest Parts 5 Source: CGWB

Table 4.3: Post Monsoon Levels of Ground Water

(m below ground level, bgl) Location Level Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar, Balbirnagar

20-40

Ghottorni, JNU, Palam Board, Kabul Line, R. K. Puram, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, IIT Gate, Lado Sarai

20-40

NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha

20-40

North, Western & Southern Parts of Northwest, Northern Part of West District

5-10

Central Parts, South Eastern Part of West Districts, 10-20



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Location Level Samalakha, Dwaraka, Naraina belt, Mahavir Banasthali, Talkatora, Rail Bhawan, Cannought Place, Kidwai Nagar Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Haroli-Sanoth-Kherakala-Libaspur-Banda bahadur Marg belt

< 2

Northwest Parts, North, North East, Najafgarh Jheel, South Western Parts

< 5

Source: CGWB

Around 44% of the ground water is recharged by the rainfall during monsoons, 31% from other sources during non monsoon, 19% from other sources in monsoon and 6% from rainfall during non monsoon.

Surface Water

Surface water contributes to over 86% of Delhi’s total drinking water. Yamuna provides the major share of this water. Other sources of drinking water supply to Delhi include the Himalayan rivers through different interstate arrangements and sub-surface sources like Ranney wells and tube wells.

Table 4.4: Quantity of Surface Water

Source Total Quantity

(MGD) Total Quantity

(MLD) Yamuna 210 950 Bhakra Storage 200 905 Ganga 100 450 Surface Water Sub Total 510 2305 Ranney Wells/ Tubewells 81 365 Total Raw Water 591 2670

Source: Delhi Urban Environment & Infrastructure Improvement Project, Status Report for Delhi-21

It is reported that there are 611 water bodies including lakes, ponds and reservoirs in Delhi as reported by the Deptt of Irrigation & Flood Control and Directorate Panchayat of Delhi. Most of them have depleted. More than half of these bodies have vanished and another half can not be revived based on data of the Irrigation Department. However, rejuvenation is being taken up in Sanjay Lake, Hauz Khas, Purna Qila, Tihar Lake, Khooni Jheel and a couple of other lakes.

Forest Resources

As per the State of Forest Report, 2003 of Forest Survey of India, Dehradun, Delhi has 170.17 sq kms as forest and tree cover against the total geographical area of 1483 sq kms.

Table 4.5: District Wise Forest Cover of Delhi

(sq. km) District Geographic

Area Forest Cover % of Geographic

Area Central 24.68 05.20 21.07 East 63.76 2.94 04.61 North 34.90 14.54 41.66 New Delhi 59.16 04.70 07.94 North East 60.29 02.70 04.48 North West 440.31 15.47 03.51



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South 249.85 40.61 09.66 South West 420.54 78.95 31.60 West 129.52 05.06 03.91 Total 1483.00 170.17 11.46

Source: State of Forest Report 2003, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun

There are fourteen city forests developed in the city by the Department of Forests and Wild Life as shown below:

Table 4.6: District Wise City Forests

S. No. Name of City Forest Area (ha) District 1. Nasirpur City Forest 28.00 South West 2. Alipur City Forest 16.80 North 3. Hauzrani City Forest 28.80 South 4. Mitraon City Forest 40.00 South-West 5. Sultanpur City Forest 48.00 North-West 6. Ghummanhera City Forest 32.00 South-West 7. Ghoga 10.40 East 8. Shahapur Garhi 08.00 North-East 9. Mamurpur 56.00 North-East 10. Jindpur 47.60 North-East 11. Mukhmelpur 53.00 North-East 12. Bawana 32.00 North- West 13. Garhi Mandu 300.00 East 14. Anand Vihar 32.00 East

Source: Department of Forests & Wild Life

The Delhi Ridge is an important constituent of the forest cover of Delhi and covers 7784 ha. The Delhi Ridge is an extension of the Aravallis and extends into Delhi from Haryana at Tughlakabad Bhatti Mines – Dera Mandi axis moving north, covering parts of Delhi Cantt, Lutyen’s Zone and culminating at Delhi University. This area is also included in the Notified Forest Areas in Delhi. Table 4.7: Constituents of Delhi Ridge

S. No.

Name of the Ridge Area (ha)

Managing Agencies

1. Northern Ridge 87 DDA, MCD and Forest Deptt 2. Central Ridge 864 Forest Deptt, DDA, Army, CPWD,

NDMC, MCD 3. South Central Ridge 626 DDA 4. Nanakpura South Central 7 DDA 5. Southern Ridge 6200 DDA, Forest Deptt, Sports Authority of

India Total 7784

Source: Greening Delhi Action Plan, 2006-07, Deptt of Forests & Wild Life Table 4.8: Protected Forests under Department of Forests and Wildlife

S. No.

Name of the Protected Forest Area (acres)

1. Mitraon 105 2. Sultanpur 120 3. Mukhlempur 133 4. Rajokri 600

Source: Deptt of Forests and Wildlife, Govt of Delhi



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There is one man-made wildlife sanctuary in Delhi managed by the Deptt of Forests and Wildlife that is Asola Wildlife Sanctuary. However, the reclamation of Bhatti Mines and the wildlife sanctuary is being done through the Eco Task Force (ETF).

There are 120 species of plants in Delhi, 32 species of mammals, 25 species of reptiles, and 434 species of resident and other birds. There are 1787 species, 585 species of vertebrates and 1202 species of invertebrates, in Delhi.

Parks and Gardens

As per the MPD, 2001, 8422 ha of land has been earmarked for park greens. There are district parks (part of the Delhi Ridge), Neighbourhood Parks, City Forests, Historical Landscapes, Sports complexes, Landmark Greens and Green Belts. There are 14500 big and small parks managed by the local and semi government agencies. Few of the prominent parks of Delhi are: Lodhi Gardens, Garden of Five Senses, Indraprastha Park and Nehru Park.

4.2.7 Natural Hazards

Flood Hazards

Delhi has been prone to flooding from the rivers Yamuna and Sahibi (through Najafgarh drain). The last floods were witnessed in the year 1978 in Yamuna. This river has crossed its danger level 20 times in the last 33 years. The city also experiences floods due to its network of 98 drains whose catchment area extends well beyond the city limits.

Earthquake Hazards

Delhi is in Zone-IV, characterized by a significantly high intensity of seismic activities, where there are periodic occurrences of earthquakes of the magnitude of 5-6 on the Richter scale.

4.3 URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASELINE

4.3.1 Land-use

44% of the geographical area of Delhi is built-up area. This includes the Delhi urban limits, built-up area in rural-use zones and farmhouse. Even though the Delhi ridge and Asola wildlife sanctuary area has been designated as protected area, built up areas are found in certain pockets. 41% of the area is under agriculture. Table 4.9: Land Use Pattern Land Use Percentage Built up Area 44 Agriculture 41 Vegetative Cover 8 Water Body 4 Waste Land 2 Open Land 1 100

Source: DEUIP + State of Environment, Report for Delhi, 2001



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4.3.2 Industrial Activity

Location and Type Out of the 1,30,000 industrial units in Delhi, around 25-30,000 are located in the planned industrial areas or comprise permissible household industries. Based on the recommendations of the MPD, it is imperative that a sizeable number of industries be relocated not only for considerations of adherence to the land use pattern, but also because of the pollution caused by them. It has been proposed in the MPD that the classification of the industry in Delhi be of 2 categories; Prohibited and Non-Prohibited. The standards prescribed by the pollution control authorities would have to be met by the industrial units.

The household industry in Delhi consists of agarbatti, aluminium hangers, electrical and electronic gadgets, sewing machines, assembly of hand tools, candles, cane and bamboo products, brushes and brooms, carpentary, cardboard boxes, packaging, dari and carpet weaving, detergent, dairy products, dry cleaning, embroidery, framing of pictures, pencils and pens, hosiery products, leather belts, paper & stationer items, repair of watches, repair of bicycles, stone engravings, sport goods, tailoring, toys, food processing, jewellery, wool knitting, zari & zardozi.

4.4 URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY

4.4.1 Air Quality

Sources of Air Pollution

The transport, domestic and industrial sectors are the major contributors to the rise in ambient air pollution levels, although certain background sources such as desert dust transported from the Thar desert during dust storms also contribute to the pollution loads. Also, the industrial activities in the peripheral areas of Delhi, including Faridabad, Gurgaon, NOIDA and other towns contribute to the air pollution levels of the city. The past trends in the air pollution levels have been erratic, mainly because of the high share of vehicular pollution. The share of vehicular pollution has increased from 64% to 72% in the last decade. The tremendous increase in the number of vehicles in Delhi has contributed significantly in raising the consumption of petroleum products, mainly petroleum and diesel. However, diesel consumption in the city is not confined alone to vehicles, it is also there in diesel generating sets used in the industry, commercial and domestic sectors. The other two major contributors to air pollution are a fuel combustion in the domestic and industrial activities. Thermal power plants are major part of this activity. The coal based, thermal power plants at Rajghat, Indraprastha and Badarpur are the major power generators in the city.



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Table 4.10: Contribution of Various Sectors to Air Pollution

Sectors Percentage Vehicular 72 Industrial 20 Domestic 8

Source: Ministry of Environment & Forests, 2001 Levels of Air Pollution Ambient air quality monitoring is being carried out regularly at nine stations in Delhi by the CPCB. These include five stations in industrial areas (Nizamuddin, Ashok Vihar, Shahzada Bagh, Najafgarh Road and Shahdara) and four stations in residential areas (Janakpuri, Siri Fort, Sarojini Nagar and Town Hall). The critical parameters for monitoring air pollution levels are SO2, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen). However, other parameters including RPM, lead, PAH (Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and Ozone are also being monitored. The permissible limits for these parameters have been set by the CPCB and DPCC. The levels, as monitored by the CPCB, are shown in the table given below.

Table 4.11: Air Quality Levels for Residential Areas in Delhi

In µg/m3

Year - 1997 Year - 1998

S. No.

Name of the Monitoring Stations

SO2 NOx SPM SO2 NOx SPM

1 Nizamuddin 17.70(L) 37.40(L) 362(H) 15.60(L) 35.10(L) 342(M)

2 Ashok Vihar 14.20(L) 22.90(L) 307(M) 15.30(L) 21.40(L) 313(M)

3 Janakpuri 15.70(L) 34.80(L) 343(M) 17.10(L) 32.10(L) 340(M)

4 Siri Fort 12.90(L) 29.30(L) 367(H) 15.70(L) 28.00(L) 384(H)

5 Netaji Nagar, Post Office

10.20(L) 32.20(L) NA 7.80(L) 36.50(L) NA

6 Town Hall 17.50(L) 37.70(L) NA 12.20(L) 44.00(M) NA

Year - 1999 Year - 2000 S.

No. Name of the Monitoring Stations


1 Nizamuddin 17.10(L) 31.70(L) 283(M) 18.20(L) 33.60(L) 279(M)

2 Ashok Vihar 11.50(L) 19.90(L) 317(M) 11.60(L) 27.00(L) 306(M)

3 Janakpuri 17.40(L) 30.00(L) 312(M) 18.60(L) 32.50(L) 242(M)

4 Siri Fort 19.60(L) 24.80(L) 337(M) 15.90(L) 24.60(L) 225(M)


13.70(L) 45.70(M) NA 8.30(L) 52.60(M) NA

6 Town Hall 17.40(L) 54.50(M) NA 14.30(L) 64.00(M) NA

Year - 2001 Year - 2002 S.



1 Nizamuddin 16.90(L) 35.70(L) 261(M) 13.10(L) 39.30(L) 329(M)

2 Ashok Vihar 8.20(L) 19.50(L) 273(M) 6.40(L) 26.00(L) 425(H)

3 Janakpuri 16.40(L) 37.30(L) 278(M) 13.70(L) 39.50(L) 442(H)

4 Siri Fort 13.80(L) 22.50(L) 324(M) 11.80(L) 27.30(L) 378(H)



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S. No.

Name of the Monitoring Stations



7.60(L) 52.50(M) 398(H) 7.30(L) 42.60(M) 421(H)

6 Town Hall 13.30(L) 70.1(M) NA 11.50(L) 53.30(M) 534(H)

Year - 2003 S.


SO2 NOx SPM

1 Nizamuddin 12.20(L) 43.30M) 315(M) 2 Ashok Vihar 6.10(L) 32.20(L) 356(M) 3 Janakpuri 11.70(L) 44.20(M) 291(M) 4 Siri Fort 9.00(L) 31.80(L) 281(M)


7.20(L) 46.40(M) 352(M)

6 Town Hall 11.50(L) 58.90(M) 478(H)

Source: CPCB

Table 4.12: Air Quality Levels for Industrial Areas in Delhi in µg/m3

Year - 1997 S. No. Name of the Monitoring Stations SO2 NOx SPM

1 Shahzada Bagh 24.20(L) 44.80(M) 282(M)

2 Shahadra 16.00(L) 29.30(L) 313(M)

3 E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road 18.70(L) 38.00(L) NA


1 Shahzada Bagh 20.60(L) 44.00(M) 316(M)

2 Shahadra 20.20(L) 25.00(L) 345(M)

3 E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road 19.60(L) 47.30(M) NA


1 Shahzada Bagh 13.60(L) 35.40(L) 378(H)

2 Shahadra 13.00(L) 22.50(L) 291(M)

3 E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road NA NA NA


1 Shahzada Bagh 6.90(L) 39.30(L) 354(M)

2 Shahadra 11.40(L) 32.60(L) 343(M)

3 E.S.I. Disp., Najafgarh Road 13.40(L) 45.20(M) 425(H)

Source: CPCB

Table 4.13: Permissible Limits In µg/m3

Limits SO2 & NO2 SPM Low (L) 0-40 0-180 Moderate (M) 40-80 180-360 High (H) 80-120 360-540 Critical © > 120 >540

Source: CPCB



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The above levels include the excessive levels during festival times especially Diwali.

4.4.2 Water Quality Sources of Water Pollution

Waste water is generated by the domestic, industrial and commercial sectors in Delhi. With the increased human activities, there has been a corresponding rise in the amount of waste water generation in the city. Levels of Water Pollution The critical parameters of measuring water pollution are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Another critical parameter which has emerged over the last few years is the faecal coliform. Depletion in DO and increase in BOD levels are prominent features of the stretch of river Yamuna passing through Delhi.

LOCATION DESIRED

CLASS 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Najafgarh drain at Wazirabad before conf. to river Yamuna, Delhi

NA NA NA NA NA

Western Yamuna canal at Haiderpur water works, Delhi

NA C D Totcoli

D Totcoli

DO Totcoli

Yamuna at Wazirabad (Palla), Delhi, CPCB

C D Totcoli

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

Yamuna At Ring Road, Delhi, CPCB

C E DO, BOD,

Totcoli

D Totcoli

E BOD,

Totcoli, Fammoni

a

E DO, BOD,

Totcoli

D BOD,

Totcoli

Yamuna At Agra Canal, Delhi, CPCB

C E DO, BOD,

Totcoli

NA NA NA NA

Source: CPCB Designated-Best-Use

Class Criteria

1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more

Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection

A

4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less 1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5

Outdoor bathing (Organised) B

3. Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more



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4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less 1 . Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less 2. pH between 6 to 9 3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more

Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection

C

4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less 1 .pH between 6.5 to 8.5 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 3. Free Ammonia (as N)

Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries

D

4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less 1 .pH between 6.0 to 8.5 2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max. 2250 3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal

E

4. Boron Max. 2mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

Source: CPCB Ground Water Quality

Groundwater quality in Delhi varies with depth and space. Generally the quality of ground water is alkaline with pH ranging from 7.1 to 9.2, chloride content ranges between 21 and 1380 ppm. South of Delhi average chloride content is 250 ppm while in Najafgarh area it is around 1000 ppm. The ground water study done by the NEERI for MoEF revealed high nitrate and fluoride concentrations. High metallic content, particularly manganese and iron have also been observed in the samples collected. The manganese content was found to be 0.1 mg/L against the permissible limit of 0.5-mg/L and iron concentrations of 4.05 mg/L to 0.337 mg/L have been observed. Ground water in the maximum part of the South district is fresh and potable with electrical conductivity ranging from 320 to 4130 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Electrical conductivity values more than the permissible limit are observed at Deragaon, Molarbund and at Gadaipur. High values of nitrate are found at four locations i.e. at Gadaipur, at Rajokri and at Jaunapur. In north Ghitorni and Andheri More, Fluoride is more than permissible limits. Except chromium concentrations at one locality, ground water is devoid of pollution by heavy metals. A comparison of ground water quality from 1983 to 2000 shows quality deterioration in the central part of the Chhattarpur basin and in the areas around Nizamuddin. The electrical conductivity of shallow ground water in the Southwest district varies from 630 to 13200 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. In the detailed Electrical Conductivity map prepared for this district, ground water quality is fresh with electrical conductivity 1000 to 2000 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Thus, with over-development of ground water resources in the district, more and more areas are becoming brackish.



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Source: CGWB

Figure 4.1: Ground Water Quality in Delhi 4.4.3 Noise

Sources of Noise Pollution Delhi has excessive noise. This is generated by the traffic, industry, celebration of festivals, construction activities, diesel generating sets, etc. Levels of Noise Pollution Noise is notified as a pollutant under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Although stringent permissible noise level regulation has been set by the CPCB, noise levels exceed these limits almost everywhere in the city. Monitoring is also done by CPCB and few private agencies. Noise limits have also been prescribed to the automobile manufacturers, domestic appliances, construction equipments and others.



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Table 4.14: Noise Levels at Various Locations in Delhi

Noise Level (DbA) Location Day Night

Maharani Bagh 73 67 Malviya Nagar 66 66 Lodhi Complex 57 48 Palam Colony 60 67 Punjabi Bagh 70 67 Timarpur 72 65

Source: NEERI, 1995

Table 4.15: Permissible Limits of Noise Levels

Limits of Noise Level (DbA) Category of Area Day Night

Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 Silence Zone 50 40

Source: CPCB 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

4.5.1 Depletion of resources

Ground Water The abstraction of ground water is more than the estimated availability of ground water. CGWB estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes. Surface Water There is a high loss in the water bodies of Delhi. Most of them have vanished. A Public Interest Litigation has been filed for the misuse and use for alternate purposes of these water bodies. River Yamuna The city of Delhi was set up on the banks of river Yamuna. The river stretches for 22 kms along the city. The river is a source for drinking water, irrigation and others. However, with the combined effect of a modified flow regime due to water holding structures or barrages, withdrawal of water for various purposes and the cumulative discharge of domestic, industrial & agricultural wastewaters has converted Yamuna into an open sewer particularly in the Delhi stretch. As a result, there is severe impact on the bio diversity of the ecosystem and public health. Yamuna Action Plans In 1993, the Union government launched the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), YAP to tackle the river’s pollution. Its first phase (YAP-I) was scheduled for completion during April, 2002, but an extended phase of YAP-I ran from May 2001 to February 2003. Currently it is passing through its second phase (YAP-II, 2004-08).



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Till March 2004, YAP’s total expenditure stood at Rs. 674 crores. After Rs 55 - 75 Crores spent per kilometer on cleaning it up, the river is more polluted than ever. The condition of depletion and degradation of the river is shown in the map below. (Ref: Down to Earth, April, 2005).



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Delhi itself contributes to 70% of the pollution load of the entire river and it got only 2.7% of the treatment capacity created under YAP. Further, the YAP has not taken into account the relation between pollution load generated, state-wise, and sewage treatment created. Under YAP’s extended phase, Rs 150 crores was channeled into Delhi, to set up 1146 toilet complexes in 1100 slum clusters and 46 resettlement colonies to tackle the problem of sewage disposal. An analysis by the National River Conservation Directorate shows 60% of these complexes remain unused; they have no water, or are too expensive for people to use, or simply improperly sited or ill maintained.

Despite of all the expenditure and allocations and Supreme Court interventions, the BOD load in the river has been unabated.

Investments v/s BOD

19.94

166.62

387.17

130

260

0

150

300

450

YAP phase I 1993) YAP extended phase(2001)

YAP phase II (2004)0

100

200

300

Source: National River Conservation Directorate, 2004 & CPCB

Highlights of YAP II The focus of the YAP II is to implement schemes which have visible and tangible impact on the immediate improvement of water quality of water, carry out palnning of activities for future such as preparation of master plans and feasibility studies and synchronise engineering and non engineering components. The estimated cost for YAP II is Rs 387.17 crores. The main highlights are: - Preparation of master plans for wastes of dairy farms, dhobighats,

crematoria

Yamuna Action Plan I

• Building Sewage treatment plants to treat domestic sewage

• Building common effluent treatment plants to treat industrial waste

• Repairing city sewage systems – drains, pumps and pipes

• Building sewage systems and low-cost toilets to connect the waste of slums and poor settlements to treatment plants

• Building electric crematoria

Investment in Delhi (Rs. crores)

BOD Load in tones per day



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- Physical works of STPs at Okhla, Keshopur, Belapur, Wazirabad, Ring Road Trunk

- Public participation and awareness - Institutional strengthening and capacity building of MCD - Public relations Forest Cover The degradation, misuse and insensitive treatment of the forest cover in Delhi sums up the threat to not only the environment but to the overall sustainability of the city. The Ridge area of Delhi has degraded tremendously due to by roads, buildings, traffic, garbage dumping, lopping of trees and grazing by livestock. Mining and quarrying activities in the past have degraded the South-Central Ridge causing enormous loss to biodiversity. Although as reported by the Deptt of Forests there has been an overall increase in the forest cover in the last 10 years, degradation of the forests in some pockets of the city has increased. An ecologically important location, the Asola Wildlife sanctuary, was established to protect and conserve the city’s flora and fauna. However, this sanctuary is again under threat with the proposed scientific land fill at the Bhatti Mines. The Delhi Ridge was once inhabited by leopards, deers, antelopes, wolves, jackals, hog deer, etc which have vanished over time. Air Environment The alarming levels of SPM which are way beyond the permissible levels are a serious area of concern. Even the RPM levels were exceeding the permissible limits. Although the SOx & NOx levels are just within the permissible limits, the measures to control and manage these have to be sustained. Environmental Health The city suffers from all the health related problems caused by a polluted atmosphere. High occurrence of respiratory infections, heart problems, sickness from water and vector-born diseases and other diseases because of exposure to ambient and indoor pollutants and inappropriate disposal practices of municipal solid waste have become the way of life in the city. Poor living conditions, constant exposure to the pollutants, untreated wastes has resulted in high incidence of diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue and others. Green House Gases Delhi is releasing around 16 million tones of CO2 emissions, mainly contributed by vehicles, power and residential sectors. This quantity if unabated could be a major threat to stabilizing Climate Change.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 5 : Land Management & Urban Growth

Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth


5-1

CCHHAAPPTTEERR -- 55 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is located strategically on two National Highways (NH-2 & NH-8) that connect Delhi to Kolkata and Mumbai. NH-2 & NH-8 are two prime vertices of the Golden Quadrilateral Corridor of the National Highways Development Project. The city attracts a migrant population of 645 per day from various part of the country, mainly from the northern region. In order to control the unprecedented growth of Delhi, the approach of ‘planned decentralization’ has been suggested as per the MPD-1961 & 81 and NCR Plan 2001 & 21. This chapter deals with the physical growth trends and planning efforts undertaken in Delhi. An attempt has been made to understand future growth trends and issues related to urban development. The approach at the NCR level is presented in the box below:

5.2 CONSTITUENTS OF DELHI

The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three municipal areas- (i) New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core. This is the

imperial Delhi spread over an area of 42.74 km2 which was established in 1911. It comprises of government Offices & residential areas and commercial nodes with wide roads, parks and open spaces etc. The NDMC area is administered by an 11 member council comprising 3 MLA’s; five government officers and 2 civilians nominated by Central Government; and a chairperson appointed by Central Government. The Council reports directly to Central Government.

(ii) Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1397 sq. kms, or

most of the area of the city. The MCD further comprises the following areas: • Old Delhi comprising of the walled city (Shahajahanabad) and

densely built up areas between the Red Fort and the New Delhi Railway Station on the periphery;

The NCR Plan 2021 has proposed a six tier settlement system i.e. Metro Centre, Regional Centre, Sub-Regional Centre, Service Centre, Central Village and Basic Village. Seven metro centers (Faridabad-Ballabhgarh; Gurgaon-Manesar, Gaziabad-Loni, NOIDA, Sonepat-Kundli, Greater NOIDA, Meerut) are proposed as potential growth nodes to attract capital functions and activities and help in population dispersal from the national capital. Because of their special functional status and size, a very high level of physical, social and economic infrastructure (better than that in the capital) is required to be developed within these towns/complexes. The respective participating states and their agencies would not only be required to create the necessary infrastructure themselves in these Metro Centers but also facilitate the private sector investment therein.



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• Civil lines along the Ridge and Delhi University area in the North with large plots and open spaces;

• New colonies, which have come up in last 50 years on the Southern and Western sides;

• New development across the Yamuna river comprising of Shahadara in the North, Patparganj & Mayur Vihar in the South;

• 728 squatter settlements, spread over an area of 9.68 km2 all over the NCT area.

• Around 185 villages in outer Delhi area and 135 urban villages characterized by haphazard development with marginal municipal services etc. (outer Delhi is included in MCD limits and accounted for in the MCD area).

The MCD is administered by an elected council comprising ward councilors from each of the 137 wards in the area. (refer Section 13, “Institutional Arrangement”). The MCD reports directly to the Central Government.

(iii) Delhi Cantonment area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread over an area of 42.97 km2. The cantonment area is administered by the Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB), which reorts directly to the Central Government (Ministry of Defence).

In 1999, the urban area of Delhi covered 701.62 Sq. Kms (Refer Table 5.1 and 5.2; and Figure 5.1).

Table 5.1: Constituents of National Capital Territory of Delhi

Total Population in ‘000 Constituents

Total Area in km2 (2001) 1981 2001

MCD AREA 1397.3 6899 11244 Walled City Area 11.6 582 570 Walled City Extension 23.0 568 624 Rest of MCD Area (including Urban Extn. and Rural areas) 1362.7 3768 8049

NDMC AREA 42.7 496 587 DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD 43.0 NA NA NCTD AREA 1483 - - Source: (i) Master Plan of Delhi-2001 & 2021; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

Table 5.2: Delhi Area Statistics

S. No.

Item Area (Sq. kms)

1. Total Area 1483 2. Urban Area* 701.62

(47.3%) 3. Natural Features to be Conserved** 195.09 4. Balance Area Available for Urbanisation 586.29 5. Addl. Area Proposed for Urbanisation (2021)*** 276.29 6. Proposed Urban Area (2021) 977.91

(66%) * As per IRS-IC LISS 3 Satellite Data ** Including. forests, ridge, rivers, wildlife sanctuaries, other water bodies and drains *** Preliminary estimate, MPD 2021



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Figure 5.1: Planning Division in NCTD Area

5.3 EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT Delhi city region comprises of three components (i) Existing Urban Area; and (ii) Urban Extensions. The existing urban area has been classified as (a) Planned area; (b) Special Area; (c) Ecologically sensitive areas and (d) Unplanned areas. The descriptions of these areas are presented in Table 5-3. Table 5.3: Description of Various Components of Delhi Urban Area

Components

of Delhi Urban Area

Description

PLANNED AREAS

The planned area of Delhi include (i) Influence area along MRTS and Major Transport Corridor; (ii) Lutyens Bunglow Zone; (iii) Chanakyapuri area; (iv) DIZ area; (v) Mata Sundari Area; (vi) Civil Lines Bunglow area; (vii) Other part of NDMC area;(viii) Planned built-up housing; (ix) Planned (Hierarchical) Commercial Area; (xii) Planned Industrial Area

SPECIAL AREAS

Special areas as defined on the plan cover about 2600 ha and have been divided into three separate parts (i) Walled City; (ii) Walled City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in built form.

UNPLANNED The unplanned areas are distributed homogenously across the urban

EAB

C

D

F

G

H

J

K1 &K2 L

M

N

O

P1 & P2

Total Area of these Zones is 20-22000 hectare. Additional population of 2.5 million to be accomm-odated in these zones at a density of 250 pph.

These Zones are holding population more than assigned during MPD 2001. The activities such as wholesale Market; ISBT; Vegetable Market et. can be removed from these Zones to Urban Extns.

Re densification of the zones with low density and high land value has been proposed



5-4

Components of Delhi Urban

Area Description

AREAS form. These areas are (i) Slum & JJ Clusters; (ii) Resettlement Colonies; (iii) Urban Villages; (iv) Unauthorized Colonies; (v) Informal Shopping Areas; (vi) non conforming Industrial areas. These areas provide substantial housing stock; commercial and industrial development.

URBAN EXTENSIONS

The urban extensions are peripheral areas which experience pressure of development. These areas comprise of villages, unauthorized colonies and JJ clusters. As per MPD-2021, 29 lakh population already exists in these areas. The urban extensions where development processes have been initiated are Dwarka, Rohini Phase III, IV and V and Narela.

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi, 2021

The development status of the city has been revised with respect to Existing Linear Development; Development in Special areas; Unauthorised / Unorganised Colonies; Housing Supply & Demand; Planned & Unplanned Commercial & Industrial areas and ecologically sensitive areas.

5.3.1 Influence Zone along Major MRTS and Major Corridors

The growth of Delhi over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with reliance on road based public transport. The development envisaged by previous plans was poly-nodal with a hierarchy of commercial centres located on either ring or radial roads. The proposed MRTS network has been acting as a development catalyst and has sizeable impact on the existing structure of the city.

5.3.2 Development Profile along Major Corridors

The road network can be categorized into four types i.e. Arterial roads, sub arterial roads, minor arterial road and collector roads. About 1100 km of road length are provided with right of way of 30m and above. The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as a focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T Road (NH1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials while Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials to carry bulk of traffic in the city.

These major corridors are high intensity development zones with planned and unplanned development along them. The predominant developments along the major corridors are presented in 4 & Figure 5.2. Table 5.4: Development Intensity along Major Corridors of Delhi

Name of Corridor

Characteristics & Type of Development

Problem

NH-2 (Delhi Kolkata): Major arm of Golden

The length of NH-2 in NCTD is around 20km from Badarpur Border to Rajghat. It is one entry point to Delhi and has industrial,

• Encroachments at Jaitpur & Badarpur intersection reduce the carriageway width.

• Prone to water logging during



5-5

Name of Corridor


Problem

Quadrilateral institutional and residential development. At the entry point it is characterized by haphazard and unplanned growth residential & industrial areas in urban villages.

rainy seasons and lack of suitable drainage infrastructure

• Bottleneck at the entry point with industrial, commercial development and Bus & Truck parking

• Environmental degradation because of filling of water bodies and low lying areas for commercial uses such as petrol pump, Transport training institute, Sarai Kale Khan ISBT.

NH-24 (Delhi-Lucknow): Major Corridor Connecting Important business centres of Uttar Pradesh to National Capital

The length of NH-24 in NCTD is around 15km from Ghazipur to NH-2 intersection at IP Park. It was at Ghazipur which is a major fish & chicken market; and fruit & vegetable market of Delhi. It also has major garbage dumping site. It mainly traverses through haphazard development within urban villages and Patparganj & Mayur Vihar society complexes. The proposed site for common wealth games is also in proximity to this corridor.

• The corridor passes through low lying area and the development in the Yamuna Bed. It has unorganized development in villages such as Khicripur, Pandav Nagar etc.

• The corridor has been encroached by JJ clusters. These clusters are devoid of basic infrastructure facilities leading high interaction with the corridor.

• Low lying areas along the corridor are used for dumping of HH and construction wastes.

NH-1 (Delhi to Kanpur: Major Corridor traverses through industrial nodes of Delhi and UP

The length of NH-1 from Samli border to TP Nagar Border is around 40 km. It traverses through Industrial areas (Wazirpur, Jahangirpuri, Badli in North and Jhilmil & Shahadara in East), Institutional area (Delhi University, IP University, Old Secretariat), Resettlement Colonies (Babarpur, Saleempuri, Seemapuri et.al)

• High density industrial; commercial and unauthorized development

• Truck parking near the TP Nagar border in east with transport operators located along the corridor

• Encroachment on the corridor due to unauthorized development have transformed the urban built form in the area along the corridor

NH-10 (Delhi to Rohtak): It is an important corridor in West Delhi connecting second order settlements of Haryana

It is around 25km in length in NCTD extending from Savdar Ghevra to Sarai Rohilla. It traverses through the urban extensions of Delhi, which have potential for future development. It is connected to Dwarka and Rohini through ring roads.

• Development of resettlement colonies and industrial areas at the urban periphery has led to unauthorized and unplanned growth of village settlements in and around these areas.

NH-8 (Delhi to Mumbai): Connecting the National Capital to the

It is around 15 km in length in NCTD extending from Rajokari Border to Daulakaun. It is one of most developed corridor of the city with industrial; residential

• It mainly has planned development and high traffic volumes due to its linkage to planned residential areas, Dwarka and IT city Gurgaon.



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Name of Corridor


Problem

Economic Capital of the Country and traversing through major industrial nodes of the country

and commercial development. Most of the predominant historical monuments are also accessible through this corridor. It has intense commercial development near Rajokri border with large open spaces due to the Airport and cantonment areas. It connects urban periphery to New Delhi and Old Delhi Areas.

• Its proximity to the Airport leads to high interaction with Cargo and goods traffic.

• It is also connected to institutional areas of Delhi and traverses through intense residential development, prone to landuse transformation.

Outer and Inner Ring Road

The ring road is of 75 km in length connecting institutional and industrial areas in the north to residential and industrial area in the west; and historical sites & institutional area in south and east.

• Ring road has now become part of the city transportation network with high intensity commercial and industrial development.

Institutional Corridor

The institutional corridor of the city is of around 45km in length and traverses through Pusa road, Central Secretariat Complex, AIIMS, IIT, CWC and JNU areas

• It has experienced transformation of residential areas to institutional and commercial areas --- eg. Green Park; Hauzkhas; Pusa road etc. These Landuse transformations have led to pressure on physical infrastructure of the city.

MRTS Corridors

MRTS has been planned to cover the spread of Delhi and its peripheral area. The metro station complexes at 2km distance are nodes for commercial development.

• These nodes are vulnerable to encroachment by unauthorized commercial development if not planned along with schemes for corridor development.



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Figure 5.2 : Major Transport Coordination 5.4 LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY

There is a large proportion of underused land with number of vacant sites or unutilized built areas within the central city. A majority of these are government lands having mostly low density (2 story structures) and old housing. As per the study, government is able to provide housing to only 30-35% of its employees within these areas. The gross densities in these areas are around 160 PPH against 350 PPH in the adjoining areas namely Safdarjang Enclave extn; Munirka; Bhikaji Cama commercial complex. Table 5.5 presents the development profile of low density areas. Table 5.5: Development Profile of Low Density Area

EXISITING AREA GROSS DENSITY IN PPH GROUND COVERAGE FAR

Lodhi Colony 222 18 37 RK Puram 190 17 35 Moti Bagh 145 15 31 Laxmibai Nagar 225 19 38

Source: Ravi Kumar Kakkar, Unpublished Thesis on Urban Design Strategies for Renewal of State Owned Housing Estates, Urban Design Department, SPA, 1992-93.

ROHINI RESIDENTIAL AREA

Gurgaon

NH-24

NH-2

NH-1

NH-10

NH-8

HERITAGE PRECINCT

Faridabad

NOIDA

Ghaziabad NH-1

DWARKA RESIDENTIAL AREA

INSTITUTIONAL AREA

WALLED CITY &ITS EXTN

Low Density Area



5-8

As per the provision of MPD-2001, the gross density of residential areas should be 350 PPH or 78 DU/ha with FAR of 33% against the existing FAR of 15%; whereas in commercial areas ground coverage of 25% and FAR of 100% is permitted. MPD-2001 & 2021 have recommended comprehensive planning for improvement and redevelopment of these areas in order to make the best use of land resources (Refer Figure 5.3).

Figure 5.3 : Low Density areas in Delhi 5.5 STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS

The special area has been divided into three parts namely (i) Walled City; (ii) Walled City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in compact built form, narrow circulation space and low rise high density developments mainly accommodating residential, commercial (both retail or wholesale) and industrial uses. Therefore it is important that these areas, which are already established with identified uses, continue to play an active economic role (Refer Figure 5.4).

(a) Walled City Area: The traditional walled city area is a core of the

business district. The area is prone to commercialization, particularly with improved accessibility due to the MRTS. Around 20% of the wholesale trade enterprises (37000 enterprises) of urban Delhi are located in the walled city accounting for 12% of the employment.

(b) Walled City Extension: Pahar Ganj, Sadar Bazar, Rosanna Road and

their adjoining areas are called as walled city extension. These are old congested built-up areas mainly with mixed land use. For upgradation of the environment in these areas minimum level of infrastructure and parking are to be provided.

(c) Karol Bagh Area: Karol Bagh area has been one of the important

commercial centres outside the walled city. The land use transformation

Lodhi Colony

Laxmibai Nagar

RK Puram

Motibagh



5-9

from residential to commercial has led to increase in parking demand, reduction in available road width and pressure on other physical infrastructure. Therefore, this area is due for comprehensive redevelopment on the basis of mixed use concept with provision of parking and up gradation of facilities and utilities. The grid iron pattern is an asset to regulate and pedestrianise traffic movement.

Figure 5.4: Status of Special Area of Delhi

5.6 UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES The unplanned areas of the city include Slum and JJ Clusters, Resettlement colonies, unauthorized colonies and urban villages. Slum and JJ clusters have been discussed in detail in chapter 6. The section below presents in detail the status of unauthorized colonies and urban villages.

Unauthorized Colonies

The large scale land acquisition by DDA, unregulated growth of urban fringes and housing shortage are the genesis of unauthorized colonies in Delhi. There are around 1432 unauthorized colonies1 providing shelter to around 30 lakh people. In the past unauthorized colonies have being regularized only twice in

• 1 Though an official figure suggests that 1432 such colonies exist in Delhi, there are at least 200 more such colonies which sprung up after March 2002 for which no policy exists.

WALLED CITY AREA

WALLED CITY EXTN.

COMMERCIAL CENTRE Provision of parking and up

gradation of facilities and utilities

Grid Iron Pattern is to be treated as an asset to regulate and pedestrians the traffic movement

KAROL BAGH AREA

CORE OF BUSINESS DISTRICT

Potential for Commercialization

Proposal to Shift Wholesale Trade Activity

Special Treatment of Heritage area

Reconstruction & Redevelopment

MIXED LANDUSE Provision of minimum Level Infrastructure & Parking

Facilities

Redevelopment in term of comprehensive redevelopment scheme



5-10

Delhi. Once in 1961 when over 100 colonies were regularized and last time in 1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized.

Affluent unauthorized colonies included Sanik Farm; Anant Ram Dairy (near RK Puram), Mahendru Enclave (near Model town); other colonies include Zakirnagar, Jamianagar, Anand Parbat, Khanpur Extension, Viswas Nagar, Bawana, Madanpur Khader etc (Figure 5.4). Around 1000 unauthorized colonies are on private land developed by builders.

The infrastructure status in these colonies is marginally better than slums. No metalled road exists in any of these colonies, nor is there a provision of sewer lines and other facilities. Urban Development Department, NCTD has been putting up various models for regularizing these against the resident’s demand of regularization without any charges (on the line of earlier regularization in 1977). The UDD proposals are presented in Table 5..

Table 5.6: Unauthorized Colonies Regularization Model

Facilities Charges (Rs per m2)

Power Rs 6600 Per KV

Water Rs 220 per m2

Sewerage Rs 355 per m2

Roads and Drains Rs 400 per m2

Total Fixed Charge Rs 1060 per m2

The cost for regularization of 100 sqm of plot is Rs 1 lakh. Delhi Government had invited application from residents associations for all unauthorized colonies in October 2004, through a public notice. The applicants were asked to submit their area plans. 1153 applications were received out of 1432 unauthorized colonies.

5.7 URBAN VILLAGES

165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD). These urban villages have undergone significant physical and functional transformation related to their specific location. Villages are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in compact built-up form, narrow circulation space and high density developments. These mainly accommodate residential, commercial, industrial and mixed uses. These areas, established with identified uses, continue to play an active economic role.

5.8 STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY

Urban Delhi accommodated about 11.5 lakh households in different housing developments in 1981. The Housing shortage at the beginning of second plan (MPD-1981-2001) period had been estimated at about 3 lakh dwelling units which included (i) Squatter and shelterless, (ii) Families sharing houses in congested built-up areas; (iii) houses requiring immediate replacement. Therefore it had been estimated that 16.2 lakh DUs were required for the period of 1981-2001 as shown in Table 5..



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Table 5.7: Housing to be built (1981-91)

Year New Housing required Average per year

1981-86 323000 65000

1986-91 379000 76000

1991-96 434000 87000

1996-01 483000 97000

Total 1619000 81000 Source: A People’s Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003

As against this, Table 5. indicates the actual housing development in Delhi until 1995. This indicates that for the period of the second Master Plan (1981-2001), in fact DDA was able to provide land and housing for only 34 per cent of target.

DDA and cooperatives (42.5%) met their share of 43% and the site & services plots resettlement sites (23.9%) correspond to the 25%, but the allotment of plots for individual families (31.7%) significantly exceeded the 17% provision.

Table 5.8: Development of Housing

Type upto 1971 1971-81 1981-91 1991-95 Total %age

DDA Flats 5600 60000 129000 57000 251600 23.5

DUs on individual plots 59000 82400 135600 63000 340000 31.7

DUs by Co-operatives - 94661 72960 36000 203621 19.0

Resettlement Schemes 35000 162700 40000 18300 256000 23.9

Slum Rehousing 9500 6000 4500 - 20000 1.9

Total 109100 405761 382060 174300 107122 100.0

DUs per Year 10910 40576 38206 43575 31506 Source: A People’s Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003

5.9 STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

As per economic survey of Delhi 2001-02, there were about 1,29,000 industrial units in Delhi in 1998, against 85050 units in 1991. An average unit employed 9 workers while 30% of units employed less than 4 workers. Units related to textiles products constitute the largest number followed by repair services and electrical machinery. Table 5.9 shows the growth of industrial units and employment. Table 5.9: Growth of Industrial Units and Employment

Year Number of Industries Number of Employee

Employees per Industries

1981 42000 568910 14 1991 85050 730951 9 2001 129000 1440000 11

Source: Compiled from MPD-2021



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i) Existing Planned Industrial Areas: Out of 1.3 lakhs industrial units in Delhi, only around 25000-30,000 are located in planned industrial areas (Refer Figure 5.5 & 5.6). The existing industrial estates are Bawana; Narela; Badali; Mangolpuri; Okhla; Patparganj and Shahdara. These industrial areas were developed in the 70s and over the years have deteriorated considerably in terms of physical infrastructure. The industrial estates in the city are owned by three agencies- Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC), Delhi Government Industries Department and DDA. These industrial estates have various problems such as pot-holed roads, overflowing garbage bins, lack of water supply, improper electricity installations and absence of banks, common facility centres and post office. All the 28 industrial estates are plagued with the following problems. • Poor Water Supply: Water is supplied in these industrial estates for less

than half hour per day leading to diminishing quality of the produce. • Bad Roads: The poor road connectivity to industrial estates has made

industries withdraw from the area, leading to low occupancy and poor cost recovery. Bawana industrial estate is spread over 1900 acres of land but only around 10 per cent plots are occupied.

• Garbage Disposal: Garbage is littered on the roads and overflows out of the

dustbins. The collection system is unreliable. • Freehold Issue: There is a duality in the policy of the centre and the state.

While DDA gives plot on freehold basis, the Delhi government still has a leasehold policy which does not give full ownership of land to the unit owner.

• Encroachment: Several plots are encroached by slum dwellers. The estate

manager does not have the power to evict these encroachers. ii) Unplanned Industrial Area: A survey of residential areas with industrial concentration has revealed that only seven qualify clearly for regularization (as per the criteria of more than 70% industrial use). The remaining can get regularized only after considering godowns, commercial shops and commercial godowns as industrial activity (Refer Table 5.10) Table 5.10: Percentage breakup of Unregularised Industrial Areas in Delhi

Areas Industrial

Concentration

Industrial Godowns

Commercial Use

Commercial Godowns Total

Jawahar Nagar 75.18 75.18 Karawal Nagar 78.86 78.86 Haiderpur 76.06 76.06 Shalimar Village 80.70 80.70

New Mandoli 72.36 72.36 Basai Darapur 75.07 75.07 Khyala 70.22 70.22 Rithala 57.81 13.53 71.34 Mundka, Swarn Park 64.06 20.90 84.96

Mundka 48.35 25.87 74.22



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Areas Industrial

Concentration

Industrial Godowns

Commercial Use

Commercial Godowns Total

Naresh Park Extn. 2.17 18.11 70.28

Peeragarhi 60.44 11.52 71.96 Nawada 69.31 5.29 74.60 Hastsal-Pkt A 63.38 18.99 82.67 Hastsal-Pkt B 66.47 11.76 78.23 Dabri 52.24 7.05 15.38 74.67 Libaspur 57.85 12.29 70.14 Sultanpur Mazra 41.29 20.32 8.70 5.01 75.32

As per the Table above the maximum industrial concentration is in Shalimar village which has 80.70 per cent of the area under industries. Areas that do not qualify even after the inclusion of godowns include Tikri Kalan, Prahladpur, Viswas Nagar, Tri Nagar and Nangli Sakrawati. Two areas have more than 85 per cent industrial concentration (GT Karnal Road-80.64% and Kirti Nagar-95.83%) but do not qualify because the land area is less than four hectare land (Refer Figure 5.5)

Figure 5.5 : Location of Planned and Unorganised Industrial Areas



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5.10 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS Besides Delhi’s magnificent built heritage (discussed in detail in Chapter 7), there are natural and historical landscape features (Yamuna River Corridor, Delhi Ridge) and the associated protected areas of natural wildlife (Jasola Wildlife Sanctuary) that characterize the urban form of Delhi. The detail status of Yamuna River Corridor and Jasola Wildlife Sanctuary & Delhi Ridge are discussed below.

Areas Characteristics of Ecologically Sensitive areas

YAMMUNA RIVER CORRIDOR

The river front in Delhi has lost its potential heritage, religious, pulic amenity and recreational value. It is surrounded by unplanned and haphazard development of villages and JJ clusters in North; by Thermal Power Plants, Aksardham Temple complex, Commonwealth Game village etc in central part; in the south by Julenagaon; Taimur Nagar, Kalindikunj etc. The problem areas associated with river corridor in NCTD are listed below: • Though an interstate water sharing treaty exists, there is lack of

an effective inter state river basin hydro-policy regime. This results in upstream pollution from agricultural pesticides and sub-optimal water extraction practices.

• The presence of extensive, high density areas of informal low income housing generating large volumes of untreated sewage and solid waste that is discharged into the river.

• A recent Supreme Court Order stipulates that industrial effluent must be treated to a prescribed standard before being discharged into the Yamuna. Making this order operational, through effective implementation, enforcement and monitoring will be critical to the environmental sustainability of the Yamuna.

• Within the context of the Yamuna Action Plan, DDA has proposed to change the use of 260 hectare of land in the central tranche to public use.

JASOLA WILDLIFE AREA AND THE RIDGE

The sustainability of the sensitive ecological habitat of the Jasola wildlife area will also require the formulation and implementation of a special case integrated area strategy that would be likely to include Delhi Ridge as the environmental context and buffer zone to the sanctuary. The problems associated with this area are as follows: • Temporary incompatible use permissions granted for storage,

assembly, temporary accommodation (e.g. exhibition related activities) have left behind residual materials. This despoils the area and renders it environmentally vulnerable.

• Incremental quarry extraction activities have scared the ridge; and (post working) designation as wasteland by the DDA in its land-use plans has consolidated this abuse.

It is imperative to state that the development of Delhi Ridge and Yamuna City Regional Park System has to be comprehensively looked into to plan for better physical environment & ecological system of the city.

5.11 LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

A brief summary of the roles and responsibilities of central and state government agencies in land management are presented below.



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Department/Agency Roles and Responsibilities

Land Record Management, DDA

• Deals with Nazul-I lands transferred to DDA from Delhi Improvement Trust and Nazul-II lands acquired under the policy of large scale acquisition for development and disposal of land by DDA after 1957.

• The functions of the land management department are to acquire land, allot sites for petrol pumps and gas godowns, maintain land records, protect land from encroachment and enforce Master plan section against misuse. DDA has setup six field zones for the purpose of protection of land.

Land and Building Department/Revenue Department

• The revenue department acquires land on behalf of the DDA/MCD/Slum department. The demand for land acquisition is placed by DDA to the land building department, which acquires the land for the DDA after getting approval from the LG; and after acquisition, places the same at the disposal of DDA, under section 12 of DDA act

L&E Department of MCD

• The L&E department of MCD deals with records of land and properties of the colonies/villages within the jurisdiction of MCD. The department also deals with collection of property tax and monitors its activities through the 12 MCD zones.

L&DO GoI, UDPA • The department deals with the maintenance of land record of the properties of the GoI. The activities of construction and maintenance are with CPWD.

In NCTD area most of the lands are owned by the DDA, L&DO and central governments. Land under state ownership is limited and sectorally owned. Agricultural land is mainly privately owned and owners pay agriculture tax to the revenue department. However the private sector primarily comprises of individuals; families; trusts; institutions; families; trusts; institutions and firms/companies, which own or seek land or space built on land (refer Table 5.).

Table 5.11: Land Ownership in Delhi

Land Owning

Agency DDA L&DO (NDMC)

Cantonment Board

Others (MCD, Railways etc) Total

Area in hectare 25377.2 4270.0 114352.8 4300.0 148300

% to Total 17.1 2.9 2.9 77.1 100 Source: DUEIIP, Status Report for Delhi-21

5.12 EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT

In order to encourage planned development in the city, the DDA prepared master plans for the NCTD Area. Various plans prepared for Delhi over the years include (i) Lutyen’s Plan for the New Delhi (the imperial capital) now NDMC area-1911; (ii) Interim General Plan for Delhi prepared by the Town Planning Organisation (TPO) in 1956; (iii) Master Plan for Delhi (MPD) with perspective of 1981 (based on Land use inventory TPO, 1958) prepared by DDA in 1962; (iv) Master Plan for Delhi with perspective of 2001 prepared by DDA in 1990; (v) National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with perspective of 2001 prepared in 1989; (vi) Draft Master Plan Delhi with perspective of 2021, prepared by DDA in 2005 (notification awaited) and (vii) National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with



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perspective of 2021 prepared in 2005. The salient features of these plans are discussed in the subsequent section.

5.12.1 Master Plan for Delhi (1961-81)

MPD-1981 has divided city into 8 planning divisions and planning districts with an objective to make these self contained in employment and community facilities. As per MPD-1981, these divisions were proposed to have populations ranging from 3 to 7 lakhs. Hence each division had 2-3 district centres, which are composite retail shopping centres with commercial and service uses. As per the plan, total land available for urbanization in 1981, was about 440 km2. Beyond this has the “Agricultural Green Belt” which was to be preserved for agricultural use. The proposed activities as per Master Plan (1961-81) are presented in Table 5.12 & Figure 5.7.

Table 5.12: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1961-81)

Land Uses Activities Acquisition of Land and Development

• In order to contain the likely population of about 6.0 million by 1981, the following additional land areas were proposed to be developed under various uses: Residential: 30,000 acres; Commercial: 1900 acres; Industrial: 4800 acres; Government: 500 acres; Recreational: 25000 acres

Residential • Medium and High Density residential development proposed in the planning division A & B (Old Wall City area & its Extension).

• Average Residential Density ranges from 81 PPA in West Yamuna Canal area to 235 PPA in old walled city area. The average gross density in the Master Plan is about 97 PPA.

• Redensification of low density areas such as Lodhi colony; RK Puram, Motibagh and laxmibai nagar.

• Developing Low income housing-1,50,000 units; government housing-1,10,000 units and private housing-4,85,000 units

Commercial • The Commercial area as per MPD 1981 works out to be 0.48 acres/1000 population.

• The hierarchies of commercial area proposed were Central Business District (CBD); District Shopping Centre; Community Shopping; local shopping and convenient shopping.

• Development of commercial area of 565 acres. Slum Improvements & Redevelopment

• 20 projects were to be developed upto 1981 for slum improvements. These slum areas are Kotla Mubarakpur; Sui Walan; Kucha Pati Ram; Sarai Rohilla; Qadam Sharif; Shadipur Khampur, Ajmeri Gate etc.

Industrial Area • Areas proposed for industrial development. The details are given as part of Table 5..

Recreational Areas

• It has been proposed to develop 25000 acres of land for recreational use.

• It was proposed to provide active recreational facilities such as open air theatres, libraries, museums, swimming pools, terraced gardens, landscaped vistas and botanical gardens.

Plan for Rural Delhi

• The rural towns proposed for the location of light and medium industries are Nangloi Jat, Bawana, Palam and Najafgarh

• It was proposed to provide 17 local shopping centres for each cluster of villages (within radius of 3 miles from every village), 6 district shopping centres for bigger village groups (within radius of 5 miles from every village) and 3 mandis in more central location (Palam; Khera kalan and Kanjhawala).

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1961-81



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Table 5.13: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (1981)

Market Proposed Location Area in

Acre Fruit and Vegetable Markets

One mandi near Daya Basti railway station in Sarai Rohilla in North-west and another in South of Delhi at Okhla

35

Wholesale Grain Market Site near Teliwara, in north of Sadar bazaar was proposed

17

Bicycle and accessories Jhandewalan area 10 Cloth Market Redevelopment & Modernization of Chandni

Chowk area and site west of church mission road

10

Fodder Market Dayabasti near Najafgarh Road 6

General Merchandise and hosiery

Improvement and reorganization of Sadar Bazar-Old Bahadurgarh road

61

Iron, steel and scrap metal market

Jhadewalan; reorganization of junk & scrap yards in Motia Khan

15

Building Materials West Delhi adjacent to the railway line to Rewari

50


Table 5.14: Proposed Location of Industrial Estates and Zones (1981)

Industrial Area Total Land (in

acres)

Industrial Area Total Land (in

acres)

Industrial Area

Total Land (in

acres) A. Extensive manufacturing B. Intensive Manufacturing C. Service

Industries 355

Najafgarh Industrial Area

716 Flatted industries inlying locations

192 D. Extractive Industries

106

Okhla Industrial Area

1241 Flatted industries outlying locations

169 E. Special Industries

165

Azadpur Industrial Area

743 Sub-Total 361 Sub-Total 626

Shahdara Industrial Area

3832

Rohtak Industrial Area

1034

Sub-Total 7566

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1961-81 5.12.2 Review of Master Plan Proposals

MPD-81 proposed to increase the residential use to 44% from 18% in 1961. However the residential use as per the MPD-61 was 30% which is far below the proposed use. Other uses such as recreational area, as proposed in MPD-81 were 24%, which got limited to 12%. The area under commercial land use was proposed to be 2% but it exceeded to 3.8%. Similarly, the area under Industrial land use was proposed to be increased to 5% but only 3.5% of the area was under this land use in 1981 (Refer 6 & 6 (a)).



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Recreation Use24%

P ublic & Semi-

P ublic Use15%

Commercial Use2%

Industrial Use5%

Residential Use44%

Railways Land2%

Transportation Facilities

8%

Agriculture0.3%

Recreation Use10%

Pub lic & Semi- Pub lic

U se2 5%

Commercial Use2%

Industrial Use2%

Residential Use18%

Railways Land2%

Transportat ion Facilit ies

25%

Agriculture16.2%

Figure 5.6: Proposed Landuse 1981 Figure 5.6(a): Existing Landuse 1961

Other departures from the proposed master plan measures include:

• As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-81 did not take place. Connaught place & its extension and commercial areas in the walled city and its extension continues to function as CBD with all the associated problems of parking and traffic congestion etcl.

• As per MPD-81, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to conforming areas; but no areas with non confirming uses were shifted out.

• MPD-81 proposed industrial areas consisting mainly of flatted factories; light industries and extensive industries but no flatted factory area was developed except for Jhandewalan area.

• MPD-81 estimated around 20000 informal sector units in 1981 which is limited to 15%. Moreover plan did not contain any specific proposal for integration of unorganized sector in development schemes.

• MPD-81 targeted to construct government housing, Low cost housing and private housing as per details mentioned in Table 5.11. During the two decades, only 5.43 lakhs houses had been constructed against target of 7.47 lakh.

• MPD-81 had proposed 15 district centres out of which only 3 had been developed in 1981 (Nehru Place; Rajendra Place and Bhikaji Cama Place.

• Two wholesale markets namely Fruit & Vegetable Market (Okhla) and Iron & Steel Market (Jhandewalan) had been shifted out up to 1981; and two cycle & truck accessories markets were partially shifted. Most of the other markets continued to grow further in the walled city creating, further congestion.

5.12.3 Master Plan for Delhi (1981-01)

MPD-2001, was based on the basic premise of Balanced Regional Development, which emphasizes restrictive policy of employment generation. The main guidelines for this policy were: (i) only such new Central Government Offices which directly serve the Ministries of the Government of India be located in Delhi; (ii) Industrial Growth in Delhi be restricted to small scale and less labour intensive and (iii) Legal & Fiscal measures to restrict employment and distributive trade.

Proposed1981

Existing 1961



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The MPD-2001 projected a population of 12.8 million by 2001 for the entire NCT. However, the plan recommended to restrict the population to 11 million in NCT and divert the remaining 0.2 million to selected towns in the NCR. The population of NCT was however 13.4 million in 2001 Refer Figure 5.8.

(i) Spatial Strategies

The Master plan has come up with strategies for each of the constituents of the NCTD and DMA area. The proposed strategies as per Master Plan (1981-01) are presented in Table 5.15.

Table 5.15: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1981-01)

Constituent

Area Proposed Strategy

Acquisition of Land and Development

• 24000 hectare of land to be acquired up to 2001 • Land development for residential purpose 12000 ha and

industrial purpose 1600 ha

Walled City-Special Area

• Revitalization of Walled City keeping in view the traditional character and style of the buildings

• Redevelopment of Sadar Bazaar wholesale market by provision of necessary infrastructure and parking areas

• Prohibiting all heavy commercial vehicles in walled city area • Cars not allowed inside the walled city areas with provision of

underground parking at Lal Quila, Delhi Gate, Ajmeri Gate, Turkman Gate, Mori Gate and Purdah bagh

• One way traffic on all the streets of walled city • Planning tools such as conservative surgery to be adopted for

city upgradation

Residential

• New Concept of Partially built plotted housing has been introduced. This involves partially built housing on individual plots of 70-80m2.

• Cooperative formation in 600 unauthorized colonies for improvement of low level of physical & social infrastructure

• Planned Development of Urban extension areas (Rohini, Dwarka and Narela)

• Augmentation of housing at focused locations-Patparganj, Sarita Vihar and Vasant Kunj (4000 ha)

Commercial

• Existing CBDs-Old Wall City, Connaught Place and Karol Bagh two Sub CBDs, Proposed 2 Sub-CBDs (One in Trans Yamuna Area & other in the urban extension area)

• Existing Five district centers; 22 new district centers proposed (14 in existing urban limits & 8 in the urban extensions)

• It was proposed to develop four regional wholesale markets in different directions integrated with freight complexes.

• 11 regional cum local wholesale markets as secondary wholesale markets are proposed to be developed in different planning divisions.

Slum Improvement & Redevelopment

• Provision of Hostel accommodation for single; minimum 25% as site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for about 1 lakh LIG families

• Infrastructure up gradation in 44 resettlement colonies and provisions of income earning opportunities within or proximity of resettlement colonies

• Provision of slum housing for 49000 families Industrial use • Industrial area redevelopment scheme for Anand Parbhat (Light



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Constituent Area Proposed Strategy

Industrial Area); Shahdara (Light Industrial Area) and Shampur Badli (Extensive Industrial Area)

• Provision of 16 new light industrial areas (Total area of 1533 ha) was to be developed in urban industrial extensions (UIE). Each UIE upto 5 units of about 20 ha.

Recreational Area

• Provision of 1.6 km wide green belt beyond urbanisable limits • Provision of Divisional sport centres-7nos; District level children

parks-11nos; Development of lakes-2nos

Plan for Rural Delhi

• Five villages were identified as higher order growth centre-Bakhtwarpur; Bawana; Jharoda Kalan; Dhansa and Chawala. Six villages were identified as lower order growth centre- Jagatpur; Ghogha; Qutab Garh; Jaunti; Mitron; Gommanhera

• Environment improvement of 120 villages and development of 11 central villages

Channelisation of River Yamuna

• Development of river front considering all ecological and scientific aspects as project of special significance for city

Table 5.16: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (2001)

Market Proposed Location Area in Hectare

A. MARKET WITH WAREHOUSING

Textile & Textile Products

Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khadar & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West 70

Auto, Motor Part & Machinery

Patparganj in east; Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West 43

Fruit and Vegetable Market

Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West 53

Hardware and Building Material

Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West

53

Iron and Steel Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West 25

Food Grain Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader in South; Nazafgarh in South West 32

Timber Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West

112

Plastic Leather and PVC Patparganj in east and Urban Extension in South West 19

Relocation of Junk Market Patparganj in east 4

Truck Terminal Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Najafgarh & Urban Extension in South West

219

Regional cum local Markets

Sub-CBD (Shahdara); Okhla; Rohtak Road District Centre; Shivaji Place District Centre in North; Wazirpur District Centre; Rohini District Centre; Markets of 8-10hectare in each urban extension and fodder markets was to be developed in the rural areas

157



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Market Proposed Location Area in Hectare

Integrated Freight Complex

Madanpur Khadar (NH-2); Patparganj (NH-24); GT Road (NH-1) and Bharthal (NH-8) -


• Review of Master Plan Proposals (1981-01)

Proposals which have not been completed as per the directions of the Master Plan are presented below: o As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-01 did not take place.

Connaught place & its extension, and commercial areas in the walled city and its extension continue to function as CBD with all the associated problem of parking and traffic congestion etc.

o District centres at Jhanakpuri; Laxminagar and Shivaji palace are still in

process of development o As per MPD-01, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to the

conforming areas but no areas with non-conforming uses were shifted out. o No provision of Hostel accommodation for single workers; or minimum 25%

as site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for about 1 lakh LIG families were made up to 2001

o Only 1 integrated freight complex at Gazipur is in development stage

against the 4 proposed in MPD-01. 5.12.4 Draft Master Plan for Delhi (2001-21)

The land use plan 2021 has been prepared based on (i) the policies enunciated for different urban activities; (ii) requirement of additional social and physical infrastructure; (iii) Transportation and work centres; (iv) restructuring of land uses along the MRTS corridors. In order to control development; the areas have been designated as one of the 27 use zones. These zones have been classified into 10 categories2 as shown in Figure 5.9.

MPD-2021 projected a population of 23.0 million by 2021 for the entire NCT. However, the plan recommended accommodating 11.4 million people in zone A to H; and 3.9 million in Dwarka, Rohini phase-III, IV & V and Narela; and diverting the remaining 8.0 million in the planned new urban extensions. MPD-2021 is in draft stage the detailed provisions and development strategy suggested in the plan will be presented once it is finalized.

5.13 PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21

Five towns were proposed in the Master Plan (2001-21) as DMA towns in the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA). These include Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Kundli and Loni. A total of 3.5-lakh population was assigned by the Master Plan to these towns for the year 2011. Besides, specialized economic activities were

• 2 The Landuse categories are Residential; Commercial; Industrial; Recreational; Regional Park/Ridge; Transportation; Utility; Government; Public & Semi-Public Use; Agriculture and Water Bodies



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proposed for each of these towns. A brief summary of the land use allocation strategies and provisions in NCR plan is discussed below:

Sectors Recommendations

Development of New Townships

• DMA Towns: Faridbad, NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Kundli, Bahadurgarh and Gurgaon

• Priorty Towns (Regional Centres): Palwal, Khurja, Hapur, Meerut, Bulandshar, Panipat, Rohtak, Dharuhera, Bhiwadi, Rewari, Alwar

• Counter Magnet Towns; Patiala (Punjab); Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh); Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), Kota (Rajasthan), Hissar (Haryana)

• Sub- Regional Centre: Shikarpur; Philhua; Tijara; Khairthal; Bahror; Bawal; Hathin; Hodal; Jhajjar and Sonipat

Development of Transport Sector

• Development Proposals: Regional Road Links • Elevated Expressway on Ring Road • Development Proposal-Regional Rail

Industrial Development

• Industrial Development through NCRPB assistance in Loni; Faridabad; Kundli; Gurgaon; Meerut; Barhi; Panipat; Manesar; Bhiwadi; Bawal; Neemrana; Alwar

5.14 ISSUES IN LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT

Some of the major issues emerge from the above analysis are presented below:

• Increasing gap between demand and supply of housing and infrastructure: The growth of unauthorized colonies and JJ clusters clearly indicate the housing status of the city. Consistently, targets for housing provision have not been met. Moreover, the poor have borne the brount of the shortfall. Overall, Around 5 lakh houses are to be constructed to fulfill past back logs, over and above the future demand of 20 lakh houses by 2021.

• Over crowding, haphazard development without basic services: There are

728 JJ clusters; 1700 unauthorized colonies and 165 urban villages accommodating around 60 lakh population. Of these, barely 25% of the population has access to physical infrastructure.

• Encroachments on agricultural land and urban villages: The urbanization

area is expanding in an adhoc manner, often into the green area. Due to lax development regulations and control, rural areas are falling prey to unauthorized development. Original land owners have parceled their holdings and sold these at high prices to builders/developers. Urban villages have been over-run with haphazard developments

• Exploitation of Land for unauthorized development: Large portion of

urban land in NCT is owned by government generally for public, community and government uses. Without programmed use and efforts for protection, these lands get easily encroached by both marginal groups and unregistered land speculators. This is further aggravated by insufficient official provision of land for various uses – be it residential, commercial or industrial.

• Non-Conforming Land uses: Around 1 lakh industries are located in non-

conforming areas as per MPD. Efforts for relocation have failed due to the



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inaccessibility to work-centre of the relocation site; lack of infrastructure; security of tenure & assets and affordability of the owner.

• Lack of Linkage of Physical Planning Strategy with Financial Planning:

Successful physical planning should respond to economic realities; and support broader financial goals and strategies for the city. The link between these aspects, while strong in the first Master Plan, seems to have weakened substantially in subsequent plans. Failure of implementation has aggravated the situation further.

Figure 5.7 : L A N D U S E M A P 1961 – 81



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Figure 5.8 : L A N D U S E M A P 1981 - 2001

Figure 5.9 : L A N D U S E M A P 2001-21

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 6 : Urban Poor and Slum

Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum


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CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Urban Poverty and Slums are the most critical problems of urban development today. In Delhi too, they are a serious issue. The various dimensions of poverty and slums have been discussed in detail in this chapter. This chapter has been divided into three sections. The first section discusses the poverty profile of the city, the characteristics of the poor population and poverty alleviation programmes. The profile of slums / JJ Clusters, with respect to their location, distribution, growth, infrastructure status and requirements, processes of slum development in the city and the slum development programmes by the Slum Department of the MCD and DDA, is discussed in the second section. The last section summarizes the issues related to poverty and slums.

6.2 POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI

The Planning Commission estimates the proportion and number of poor based on the projection of minimum needs and effective consumption. Such a projection is based on the norm of 2100 calorie per capita per day consumption for an urban area. The calorie norms are invariably expressed in monetary terms that change with respect to weighted commodity indices of the consumer price index. The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. The

figure has been declining steadily to 26.22% in 1983; 16.4% in 1991 and 14.69% in 1993-94. The percentage of people below poverty line declined to 10.02% in 2001. Table 6.1 presents the zone wise BPL population.

Table 6.1: Below Poverty Line Population (2005)

Year Rural BPL Population (in Lakh)

% age to

Total

Urban BPL Population

%age to

Total

1973 1.06 24.44 21.78 52.23 1983 0.44 7.66 17.95 27.89 1987 0.10 1.29 10.15 13.56 1993 0.19 1.19 15.32 16.03 2000

0.07 0.40 11.42 9.42 0.070.190.11.06 0.44

21.78

17.95

10.15 11.42

15.32

0

5

10

15

20

25

1973 1983 1987 1993 2000

Source: Economic Survey Report, Government of Delhi, Delhi

Urban

Rural



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6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR

The socio-economic profile of the segment of population categorized as poor is of strategic importance for both planning purposes, and for managing the habitat and its environmental upgradation and improvement. However, comprehensive data is not available for the whole of Delhi, although generalizations can be made on the following parameters based on data available from the few available surveys and studies. It is important to keep in perspective however that inhabitants of LIG / EWS areas are not a homogenous segment.

(a) Income and Expenditure: The average total monthly income per

household ranges from Rs. 1500-2500 among the poor. The expenditure of these families is around 5-10% more than their incomes. The per capita monthly income and expenditure is Rs. 245 & Rs. 423 respectively. Poor households, therefore, are increasingly dependent upon loans from the local moneylenders. The monthly income of around 25-30% households is above Rs 1500 and around 45-50% households is below Rs 1000.

(b) Access to Housing: Housing is a basic need of the poor. Most of the poor

do not have access to secure land tenure. 85% of the poor are squatters, and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented accommodation and have to pay a substantial portion of their income for rent. Most importantly, such rental quarters do not have even basic infrastructure facilities. The quality of life led by these people is extremely poor.

(c) Occupation Profile of Poor: 41% of these families work as casual

labourers, as most of them are unskilled. However, one-third of the poor also work in the service sector and only 20-25 % is self-employed. Therefore, nearly 52% of the poor households do not have access to a dependable occupation and secure incomes.

(d) Migration Status and Poor: Migration characteristics have also been

included as most of the poor are migrants from rural areas, who come to the city in search of employment. In Delhi, 38% of the total poor have migrated to the city for employment purposes.

(e) Access to Infrastructure: The infrastructure facilities that have been

covered are water and sources of energy for the urban poor. A majority of the poor families (47%) have access to water from community sources. 16% of the families do not have any definite source of water. With respect to source of light, nearly 30% of the families depend on kerosene lamps.

(f) Pavement Dwellers: Around 1 Lakh homeless people constitute another

component of the poor in Delhi. They are mostly found in the Walled City or its surrounding areas and generally sleep on the pavements. There are around 10 night shelters located at Azadpur, Subzi Mandi, Paharganj, Jhandewalan, Red Fort, Old Delhi Railway Station, Azad Market and Roshanara road. The night shelters operated by MCD provide accommodation to only male dwellers.



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6.4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES

Swaranajyanti Saw Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) is the main poverty alleviation programme of the government, which was launched in 1997 after merging the NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojna), PMIUPEP and Urban Basic Services Programme (UBSP). The programme aims not only at economic emancipation of people living below the poverty line but also an improvement in their living environment. The details of the programme are being given in Box 1.

Box 1: Salient Features of SJSRY The programme seeks to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed and underemployed poor, through encouraging the setting up of self – employment ventures or provision of wage employment. It relies on creation of suitable community structures and delivery of inputs through urban local bodies. It is funded on a 75:25 basis between the centre and the state. It consists of two special components of: • Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP): It has 3 components of self-

employment: setting up of micro-enterprise; setting up of group micro- enterprise under Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas (DWCUA) and training for skills up-gradation of beneficiaries.

• Urban Wage-Employment Programme (UWEP): The programme aims to provide

wage employment by utilizing labour to construct socially and economically useful public assets.

• Special emphasis is given on formation of Community based structures like CDS,

NHGs and NCs. 6.5 SHELTER OPTIONS

The poor typically inhabit unplanned or semi-planned developments. In Delhi these are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area; (b) Resettlement Colonies; (c) Relocated JJ Clusters and (d) JJ Clusters or Squatter settlements. The section below describes the characteristics of these areas.

6.5.1 Old Walled City Area In Delhi, areas designated or notified as slums under the act are generally located in the Walled City and its adjoining environs. There are 319 katras in the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of inhabitants. In addition, there are 400 properties, which are with the Evacuee Property Cell of Land and Building Department of Delhi Government.

6.6 SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS / JJ CLUSTERS The squatter settlements are encroachments on mainly public land. As such these are illegal clusters (JJCs) and are devoid of any legal entitlements. However, efforts have been made by the government to extend basic social and environmental services to them (Refer Box 2)



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Box 2: Urban Poor and Type of Shelter The category of the urban poor mainly comprises of the inhabitants in JJ clusters / squatter settlements. These inhabitants are service providers, which includes domestic help, hawkers and vendors, low paid workers in the industrial, commercial and trade / business sectors etc.

The socio-economic constraints on access to income pose constraints to food and other basic necessities including shelter. As a result, they are constrained to live in the worst kind of settlements. Substandard housing is not only the consequence of poverty but also policy and financial constraints imposed on the government departments and agencies to provide adequate services for the poor. However, the type of housing they are constrained to choose is largely the consequence of poverty.

6.6.1 Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters

JJ clusters are scattered all over the city. Generally they are situated on the vacant land along railway lines, roads, drains and river embankments and also vacant spaces near residential, industrial and commercial complexes. Around 55 per cent of squatters are near the residential areas and 40% along the road berms (Table 2).

Table 6.2: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi

Areas with Encroachment

Number of

Squatters

% age to

Total Residential Areas 34100 55.86 Road Berms 24184 39.62 Park and Open Spaces 966 1.58 Schools 500 0.82 Market 1093 1.79 Railway Station 200 0.33

TOTAL 61043 100.00

Market2%

Schools1%Park and Open

Spaces2%

Road Berms40% Residential Areas

55%

Source: Sabir Ali, Environment Scenario of Delhi Slums, Centre for Social Development Studies, 1998

It is clear from Table 6.3 that around 70% of clusters have less than 500 JJ’s. This percentage has remained constant from 1991-2001. The sharp decline in the number of JJ clusters (1994-2001) is attributed to large scale relocation of JJs since 1999.



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Table 6.3: Size Wise Distribution of JJ Clusters

Number of JJ in

Clusters 1991 1994 2001

Upto 100 496 396 227 101-500 311 446 295 501-1000 59 121 110 1001-1500 30 54 37

1500 & above 33 63 59

Above 15008%

1001-15005%

501-100015%

101-50041%

Upto 10031%

Source: (i) Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

Some of the major areas with concentrations of slums in various pockets of Delhi are presented in Figure 6.2 and Box 3.

Box 3: Areas with Concentration of JJ Clusters

The spread of JJ clusters ranges from a plot of 0.4 acres with 8 JJs to JJCs as large as 50 acres with 10,000 households & 45000 population. The average number of JJ per acre comes to 200 with 193 being the lowest (Nazafgarh area) and 206 the highest (Gole Market and Kalkaji areas). The average area of JJ is 20m2. Some of the major area with such concentrations are given below A) HIGH CONCENTRATION: a. Minto Road/Gole Market/Matia Mahal (129 clusters, 43388 JJs, 215.08 acres)-NDMC

Area b. Badarpur/Tulaqabad/Saket (79 clusters, 64187 JJs, 79 acres)-MCD Area c. Moti Nagar/ Patel Nagar/Rajendra Nagar (72 clusters, 35,427 JJs, 175.45 acres)-

MCD Area d. Jahangirpuri/Adarsh Nagar/Model Town/Wazirpur (117 clusters, 71538 JJs, 356

acres) -MCD Area e. Badli/Shahbad-Daulatpur (21 clusters, 27,551 JJs, 137.70 acres) -MCD Area B) MEDIUM CONCENTRATION: a) Delhi Cantonment/Janakpuri/Tilak Marg (17 clusters, 18,982 JJs, 95.03 acres) -MCD

Area b) Bishwas Nagar/ Shahdara/Babarpur (44 clusters, 18915 JJs, 88.91 acres)-MCD Area c) Hauzkhas/RK Puram (52 clusters, 14110 JJs, 70.22 acres)-NDMC Area C) LOW CONCENTRATION: a) Nazargarh/Nasirpur/Palam (11 clusters, 363 JJs, 1.83 acres)-MCD Area b) Sarojini Nagar/Kalkaji/Malaviya Nagar/Ambedkar Nagar/ Kasturba Marg (45 clusters, 11,802 JJs, 68.42 acres)-NDMC Area

6.6.2 Growth of Squatter Settlements

The squatter settlements or jhuggi jhopari clusters (JJC) assume strategic importance as far as issues of unorganized settlements are concerned. As mentioned in Table 6.4 , in 1951 Delhi had 12749 jhuggi jhopris (JJs) scattered over 199 clusters. By 1973 the number of JJs had reached 98483 spread over 1373 clusters. The resettlement scheme pursued in 1962-77, with a

2001



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concentrated effort in 1975-77 resulted in the resettlement of 2.4 lakh JJs in different parts of Delhi. In 1977 only 20000 JJ households remained to be relocated. But, in 1983 the number of squatter households had gone upto 1.13 lakhs. In 2001 the JJ clusters had declined to (729 from 1080 in 1994) due to relocation of around 300 clusters from Gautampuri, Kingsway Camp, Ashok Vihar, AIIMS and Hauz Khas etc.

Table 6.4: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi

YEAR JJ CLUSTERS JHUGGI HHS AREA IN HA POPULATION 1951 199 12749 21.1 63745 1973 1373 98483 164.1 492415 1983 534 113000 188.3 565000 1990 929 259000 431.7 1295000 1997 1100 600000 902.1 3000000 2001 728 429662 650.2 2148310

Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi 6.6.3 Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters

The land owning agencies in whose area the JJ clusters are situated are given in Table 6.5. Eighty Three percent of DDA land is squatted on by 600 JJ clusters (refer Annex-6.1).

Table 6.5: Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters

Number of Jhuggies LO AGENCY

1990 1994

Population

1994

Area in Acres

DDA 280988 349705 1856683 1865.93 L&DO 21530 29415 132327 149.86 Railway 12161 17346 78929 84.34

MCD 8428 11052 52045 47.29

NDMC 3226 4487 20182 22.52 Gram Sabha 4132 4360 19619 21.31 Cantonment Board 1570 1700 7064 7.86

CPWD 3040 4316 19421 16.84 Private 2454 2885 12980 14.45 TOTAL 337529 425266 2199250 2230.4

NDMC1%

Gram Sabha1%

CB8% CPWD

1% Private1%

Railw ay4%

MCD 2%

L&DO7%

DDA83%

Source: Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

6.6.4 Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters

Water and sanitation facilities in these unorganized colonies, particularly JJ clusters, is poor. Only 21 % of colonies are covered with piped water supply and 10% are covered by sanitation. Table 6.6 presents a satisfactory level of infrastructure availability in unplanned settlements, but these facilities are non- functional in around 75-80% of the settlements. The average population served by one PSP ranges from 250-300 against the standard of 150. Moreover, average waiting time at PSP is 20-30 minutes. Around 85-90% of JJ clusters did not have even community toilets, forcing habitants to defecate in the open near the water bodies or drainage channels.



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Table 6.6: Water and Sanitation Status in the Unplanned Settlements (2004)

Piped Water Supply Sewer Facility Service Provision in Unplanned Settlement Number % of

Colonies Number % of Colonies

Regularized Unauthorized colonies 557 98.2 458 80.7

Resettlement Colonies 44 100.0 44 100.0 JJ Clusters 158 21.7 72 9.8

Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi

6.7 RESETTLEMENT COLONIES Under the schemes for resettlement of JJ clusters 47 resettlement colonies were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0 Lakh plots were developed accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies have degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized development. Therefore investment towards up gradation of physical infrastructure has to be made for improving civic life. Annex 6.2 gives detailed list of resettlement colonies in City.

6.7.1 Location of Resettlement Colonies

The spatial distribution of these colonies indicates that they are proliferating mainly in the south-east, north east, north-west, south-west and central parts of the NCT of Delhi. There are five colonies in South-East, eight in North-East, 15 in North West, Seven in South West and 12 in central Delhi.

6.8 RELOCATION SITES

There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan kalan, Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation has been made to three principal sites. These are Dwarka (known also as Papan Kalan), Rohini, Narela and Savdar Ghevada. The main pockets from where JJ Cluster were relocated are Central, South and East Delhi areas. Thus, during 1999-2000, 3741 squatter households from the JJ clusters at CGO complex, Chanakyapuri, Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki Sarai, Shahdara were moved to Narela and Rohini. 27.4 acres of land has been allotted at Molar Bund for shifting of the JJ cluster at Gautam Nagar behind AIIMS. In 1997-98, DDA allocated 32 acres of land in Tehkhand village for relocation of squatter families. These relocation / resettlement sites offer no security of tenure to habitants who begin a new life without security, basic services, schools and other basic amenities. (Refer Figure 6.2 & 6.2 (a))

Box 4: Experience of Relocation One of the problems with regard to the strategy of relocation is that of allottees transferring the plots for payment and then squatting elsewhere. According to recent estimates by DDA, more than 50 per cent of the allottees have sold their plots which are now occupied by unauthorized persons. The sample survey in Kalkaji and Dakshinpuri resettlement colony (out of 6238 units only 2350 were original allottees) reveals that around 50% occupants were not original allottees. The transfer of properties has been attributed to the fact that relocation sites planned were 40km away from the existing location of JJ clusters.



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At Bhalswa resettlement site, communities were relocated in November 2000. They started the process of constructing their homes on land allotted to them without any tenure document. Without adequate documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain loans from financial institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer loans to residents and then coerce them to leave under duress.

Figure 6.2(a): Relocation Sites and Recent Eviction Sites

PAPANKALAN-SECTOR 1

ASHOK VIHAR

NEHRU PLACE

MOLADBUND

MADANPUR KHADER

PUTHKALAN

BAKHARWALA

BHALASWANARELA

JAHANGIRIPURI

KINGSWAY CAMP

PAPANKALAN-SECTOR 16A

KALYANPURI

GAUTAMPURI

TRILOKPURI

ASHOK VIHAR

AIIM

HAUZKHAS

Relocation Sites

Eviction Sites

Figure 6.2: Relocation Sites and Relocated JJ Clusters

Narela (10422)

Bhalaswa

Holambi kalan

Rohini (2151)

Bakanwara (2000)

Papan kalan (5650)

Madanpur Khadder



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6.9 SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES

The approach of the government towards areas notified as Slums under the Slum areas Act 19561 has been three pronged (i) Clearance/Relocation; (ii) In-situ upgradation; and (iii) Environmental Improvement Schemes. Clearance / relocation has been the mainstay of the policy towards the squatters and JJ clusters. The program of squatter clearance was discontinued at the end of the sixth plan (1980-85). The clearance program has been initiated again in 2005.

The general policy adopted by the government has been two fold (i) No new encroachment shall be permitted on public land and (ii) Past encroachments viz. those in existence up to 1990 would not be removed without providing alternatives.

6.9.1 Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement

There are 319 katras in the walled city area with about 3000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of the inhabitants. In addition, there are 400 properties, which are with the evacuee property cell of Land and Building Department, Delhi Government. At present two schemes are being implemented by the slum wing for the improvement of the wall city. These are (i) structural improvement of Katras; (ii) relocation of Katra Dwellers. The salient features of these programmes are presented below.

NAME OF PROGRAMME

SALIENT FEATURES ACHIEVEMENT

Katra Structural Improvement

Structural improvement are made only to those katra properties where: (i) Cost of structural repairs does not exceed Rs 1000 per m2 and habitable space after structure improvement should not fall below 3m2 per inhabitant. (ii) Per capita space is more than 3m2 but cost of repair exceeds Rs 1000 per m2, the occupants are either evacuated or conferred ownership rights to enable them to make improvements either by themselves or by forming a co-operative society.

About Rs 2 crore per year is being utilized from Plan funds for repair of these Katras by the slum wing and the transferring the ownership right to the residing households for maintenance.

Katra Clearance

Katra properties that do not fall under the parameter of structural improvement are to be cleared.

In 9th five year plan, the relocation scheme contains two components. These are construction of 261 flats at Ajmeri Gate, where katra properties were cleared, and construction of 900 incremental type houses in various parts of Delhi.

Environment Improvement

Environment improvement is undertaken under urban basic

Upto 1989, 14.50 lakh slum dwellers had benefited under

1 The Old city areas and unauthorized colonies are notified as slum under the provision of Slum Area Act 1956. The provisions of the act are not applied to the squatters or JJ clusters.



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NAME OF PROGRAMME

SALIENT FEATURES ACHIEVEMENT

in Katras services programme (UBS). This programme includes the provision of water supply, sewers, storm water drains, jan suvidha complexes, widening and paving of existing lanes, dalaos/dustbins, community facilities etc.

the programme. The facilities provided are: 78 Multi-purpose centres; 3 open air theatres; 10 physical training centres; 8 social welfare centres; 677 water taps/handpumps; 642 WC seats; 20550 metres sewerline; 122077 metre storm water drains; 5397 street light; 5 lakh square metre roads; 122 parks for children

6.9.2 JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements

Three pronged strategy has been adopted by Government of Delhi2 for dealing with the problems of JJ Clusters. These strategies are (i) Relocation of Jhuggie Households; (ii) In-situ Up gradation of JJ Clusters; and (iii) Extension of minimum basic civic amenities for community use under EIUS schemes in JJ clusters. The salient features and achievement of these schemes and programmes are presented below:

NAME OF

PROGRAMME SALIENT FEATURES ACHIEVEMENT

Relocation & Resettlement

Under this Strategy, relocation has to be carried out for only those clusters that are required by the land owning agency for projects of larger public interest. The cost of resettlement due to the land owning agency amounts to Rs 29,000 per household. The beneficiary3 is expected to contribute Rs 7000 and the Slum department has to provide a grant of Rs 10,000 towards the cost of sites and services for the purpose of resettlement.

During 1990-99, about 13000 JJ households have been relocated. During 1999-00, about 3741 squatter households from JJ clusters at CGO complex, Chanakyapuri, Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki Sarai, Shahdara were moved to Narela and Rohini.

In-situ Upgradation of JJ Clusters4

The scheme involves re-planning of the existing JJ dwelling units in modified layouts by redistributing the encroached land pockets. The JJ households are given plots of 10 to 12.5 m2 in modified layouts. The beneficiary constructs the shelter under a self help approach with technical extension services from MCD and Slum & JJ department

In-Situ up-gradation has been undertaken in 3 JJ clusters viz at Prayog Vihar (214 DUs), Ekta Vihar (471 DUs) and Shanti Vihar (112 DUs) respectively. At present JJ clusters of Shahbad-Daulatpur are being developed with this approach for providing infrastructure services. In first

2 Government of Delhi has emphasized on two policies with regards to JJ Clusters “Policy-1: No fresh encroachments shall be permitted on public land and Policy-2: Past encroachments which had been in existence prior to 31/01/90 would not be removed without providing alternatives. 3 The beneficiaries staying in JJ clusters prior to 1990 are provided with 18.5m2 plots, whereas those settled in 1990-98 are provided with 12.5m2 plots at the relocation site. The squatters settled after 1998 are displaced without providing alternatives. 4 The implementation of this programme is dependent upon two conditions. One is “No Objection Certificate” from the land owning agency and the other is clearance of the project by the technical committee of DDA.



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NAME OF PROGRAMME SALIENT FEATURES ACHIEVEMENT

and consultative support from NGOs & VOs. Upto 1992-93, in-situ upgradation was limited within a cost ceiling of Rs. 6000 per dwelling unit, which has been extended to Rs 8000 per dwelling unit.

phase, 4800 families are being covered and the second phase will take care of 4000 households.

Environment Improvement Scheme of JJ Clusters

In JJ clusters, which are not being relocated or developed with the in-situ approach, basic amenities are provided under the ‘Environment Improvement of Urban Slums Scheme’. The minimum basic facilities provided are as per the prescribed national norm5 of Rs 525 per capita, which has been raised to Rs 800 since April 1995.

Jansuvidha Complexes: 1985-1991: 138 Pay and Use Jan Suvidha Complexes were constructed. 1995-1999: 365 Pay and Use Jan Suvidha Complexes and 9211 WCs were constructed. Water Supply: Until 1990: 917 water hydrants had been provided in 280 JJ clusters and 601 India Mark-II hand pumps installed in 205 dwellers. Street Light: Upto 1990: In all 4981 electric poles containing 6,318 street light points were available in 326 clusters.

6.9.3 Tenure Funding Mechanisms

The current land tenure allotted to the dwellers is for a lease period of 5 to 10 years. The lease period of around 80% dwellers at relocation sites has expired. The NGOs / Slum & JJ Department assist in forming societies by motivating the beneficiaries. Beneficiaries are to meet the incidental charges amounting to Rs 247 towards formation of the Societies. Resettlement is organized by setting up multi-purpose co-operative societies comprising of about 200 families.

6.9.4 Financial Performance of Slum Improvement

The amount spent on slum improvement and rehabilitation programmes in the city by the slum department of the MCD since the year 2002 – 03 has been given in Table 6.7. The maximum expenditure of Rs. 179.3 million was in the year 2003-04 under the National Slum Development Programme. A steep decline in the allocations for slum development is evident. Since 1991, the slum department has developed around 55000 plots for relocation of squatters through non-Plan investment and has not utilized the Plan investment as is evident from the table below.

5 The Norms and Standards for basic amenities are: (i) Water Supply-One tap for 150 persons; (ii) Drainage for Waste water and Storm Water; (iii) Community Bath- One bath for 20-50 persons; (iv) Community Latrine- One WC seat for 20-25 persons; (v) Widening and paving of lanes; (vi) Street lighting- poles 30 meters apart and (vii) Community Facilities-Community Centres, Dispensaries, non-formal educational centre.



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Table 6.7: Financial Performance of Slum Improvement (Rs Million)

Name of Schemes 10th Plan Approved Out Lays

2002-03 2003-04 2004-

05 2005-06

Night Shelter including Mobile

30 5.9 6.03 6.04 5.51

Relocation of Squatter 1200 - - - -

Construction of Community Halls

50 11.2 6.03 6.57 18.22

In situ Up gradation of Slums and JJ Clusters

100 - - - -

Environment Improvement in Urban Slums

100 55.6 19.7 18.8 19.95

Construction of Pay & Use Jan Suvidha Complex

50 10.0 10.0 8.60 3.9

Structural improvement and rehabilitation of Katras

100 22.5 28.2 25.7 18.57

Incremental Houses for Katra Dwellers

50 5.15 1.8 - -

Shishu vatikas/common spaces in JJ clusters

25 5.51 4.4 1.3 13.19

National Slum Development Programme

1000 176.9 179.4 132.7 88.53

Study and preparation of perspective plan of sub standard area for next 20 years

50 - - - -

TOTAL 2755 292.9 255.6 199.8 167.8

Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi 6.10 ISSUES IN SHELTER FOR THE URBAN POOR

The evaluation of slums, JJ clusters and resettlement sites, housing workers and service providers in Delhi highlighted the following issues:

(i) Legal Security of Tenure: Studies conducted by various NGOs and CBOs

highlighted the problem of security of legal tenure, rights of the dwellers on resettlement sites and the JJ clusters. Without adequate documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain loans from financial institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer loans to residents and then coerce them to leave under duress.



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(ii) Access to Appropriate Mechanisms of Finance: The poor are unable to meet the requirements of conventional financing institutions, and housing micro-finance is poorly developed.

(iii) In-situ Up gradation of Existing JJ clusters: Around 80% of dwellers of

JJ clusters favour in-situ up-gradation of clusters with provision of plots not less than 40m2. In case the relocation is unavoidable, it shall be within 2km radius. If plots cannot be provided, relocation in G+1 structures is preferred.

(iv) Access to Public Goods and Services: In all the relocation sites, and 85-

90% of JJ clusters, residents did not have access to public goods and services. These areas lack general health services, access to portable water and sanitation. As discussed above, residents are dependent on private tankers to meet their water need. In all the JJ clusters, residents have to travel average distances of 500m-700m to PSP with an average waiting time of 20-25 minutes. All the twelve relocation sites are not accessible from arterial & sub arterial roads in the city.

(v) Variable plots sizes at relocation sites: The eligibility criteria for

resettlement is restricted to those who are (i) Indian Nationals and (ii) residing on the respective site as on 31st December 1998 as evidenced by ration cards. Because of the cut-off date, upto 40-45% families of JJ clusters are ineligible for relocation. Hence, it has become very difficult to get encroached land pockets completely vacated.

The existing practice adopted by slum department for provision of plot to the beneficiaries is (i) 18m2 to beneficiaries settled before 1990 and 12.5m2 to beneficiaries settled during 1990-98. This practice of providing differential plots sizes to the beneficiaries, which is lower than the UNHCR guideline of 40 m2, is one of the major issues to be tackled as part of the slum relocation policy.

(vi) Land Suitability of Relocation Sites: The land provided for the

construction of homes in five of the twelve sites is uninhabitable. In areas of Hastsal, Bhalsawa and Madanpur Khader, around 15-20 % of plots are 5-10 feet below Ground Level and vulnerable to flooding.



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Annex-6.1

Area of Squatter Settlements in Delhi Classified as per Land Owning Agencies, 1994

S. No. Land Owning Agency Area (in Acres) Population % 1. Delhi Development Authority 1,495.67 1,346,103 62.56 2. DDA / Slum Dept. 297.04 267,336 12.24 3. L&DO 135.92 122,328 5.68 4. Data not available 97.11 87,394 4.06 5. Railway 90.64 81,571 3.79 6. Slum Dept. / Private 60.00 54,000 2.51 7. Slum Dept. 45.45 40,900 1.90 8. DDA / Railway 37.17 33,448 1.55 9. NDMC 22.27 20,038 0.93 10. Gram Sabha 21.54 19,386 0.90 11. CPWD 16.83 15,147 0.70 12. Private 15.09 13,576 0.63 13. MCD 12.31 11,074 0.51 14. L&DO / CPWD 11.59 10,431 0.48 15. Cantonment Board 7.85 7,065 0.33 16. DDA / Private 4.5 4,131 0.19 17. CPWD / Waqf Board 4.00 3,600 0.17 18. CPWD / L&DO 3.25 2,925 0.14 19. Delhi University 2.24 2,016 0.09 20. DDA / Waqf Board 2.00 1,800 0.08 21. DDA / L&DO 1.50 1,350 0.60 22. PWD / Railway 1.25 1,125 0.050 23. MCD / Flood control 0.94 841 0.04 24. P&T Dept. 0.90 810 0.04 25. Defence 0.84 751 0.03 26. Railway / MCD 0.68 607 0.03 27. L&DO / NDMC 0.62 553 0.03 28. Delhi Admn. / Flood control 0.56 508 0.02 29. Flood Control 0.46 409 0.02 30. Delhi Admn. 0.26 234 0.01 31. Private (Gram Sabha) 0.26 234 0.01 32. Archaeological Deptt. 0.11 99 0.00 33. PWD - -

TOTAL 2,390.94 2,151,790 100.00 1998-99 estimates 3,000,000

Source: Slum Wing, MCD



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Annex 6.2 Resettlement Colonies in Delhi

Name of the Colony Estimated Population

Area (in

acres)

21 / 25 / 31 sq. yds.

80 sq. yds. Tenement

More than 1,00,000 Population Jahangirpuri 125100 1061.22 25020 - - Patparganj Complex, Trilokpuri, Kalyanpuri, Khichripuri

110000 2013.87 22000 - -

Mangolpuri Ph. III 105160 332.92 21032 - - 20,000 – 1,00,000 Population Sultanpuri 97010 624.57 19402 - - N. G. Road (Sector A, D, E & C) 42100 213.53 5829 1591 100 Nand Nagri, Ph. I 39975 244.33 7995 - - Dakshinpuri Extn. 32145 47.07 6429 - - Madangir 31770 139.20 6354 - - Shakurpur, Ph. I & II 30780 91.53 6156 - - Seelampur Ph. III and IV 29275 - 3586 1277 922 Dakshinpuri, R/Scheme 29015 77.90 5803 - - Wazirpur 28425 3070 5685 - - Nangloi, Phase II 22035 52.30 4407 - - Madipur 21610 55.70 4322 - - Less Than 20,000 Population Mangolpuri, Ph. II 191170 58.49 3834 - - Naraina 18700 65.00 3740 - - Seemapuri Old 18130 44.00 3626 - - Nangloi, Phase IV 18090 53.81 3618 - - Hastsal 17300 40.95 3460 - - Khayala, Ph. I, II & III 16810 49.42 3362 - - Seemapuri, New Ph, I, II & III 16265 43.84 3253 - - Mangolpuri, Ph. I 14700 47.74 2940 - - Addl. Plots at Sultanpuri 13860 220.93 2772 - - Addl. Plots, N. G. Road (R-Block, B-Block, etc.)

13570 - 2714 - -

Gokalpuri 12010 36.72 2402 - - Nehru Vihar 11045 Nand Nagari Extn. 10930 30.52 2186 - - Seelampur, Ph. I, II 10800 - 580 1580 - Kondli 10725 38.42 2145 - - Nand nagari, Ph. II 10000 76.92 2000 - - Tigri 9770 38.80 1954 - - Nangloi, Ph. I 8670 30.23 1734 - Chaukhandi 7770 21.13 1554 - - Pandav Nagar 7670 45.47 1534 - - Shakurpur, Ph. III 7280 19.55 1456 - - Kalkaji 7040 58.60 - - 1408 West of Khanpur 6030 17.67 1206 - - Block P.A.G. Extn. N and Nagri Weaver Colony

5480 12.40 1096 - -

Nangloi, Phase III 4270 11.00 854 - - Shakurpur, Ph. IV 4260 15.49 852 - - Sunlight Colony 4225 48.05 679 166 -



6-16

Name of the Colony Estimated Population

Area (in

acres)

21 / 25 / 31 sq. yds.

80 sq. yds. Tenement

Mangolpuri 3360 9.41 672 - - Seelampur additional plots 2900 - 580 - - Ranjit Nagar 2480 6.00 - - 496 Sriniwaspuri 2115 15.04 - 423 - Garhi Village 1920 7.68 - - 384 Moti Bagh, (Ring Road) 1495 14.50 - 299 - Total 1061745

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 7 : Conservation & Heritage Management

Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management


7-1

CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Heritage Resource Conservation and Management imperatives for Delhi

The distinctive historical pattern of development of Delhi, with sixteen identified capital cities1 located in different parts of the triangular area between the Aravalli ridge and the Yamuna river, has resulted in the distribution of a large number of highly significant heritage resources, mainly dating from the 13th century onwards, as an integral component within the contemporary city environment. (Map-1) In addition, as many of these heritage resources (Ashokan rock edict, two World Heritage Sites, most ASI protected monuments) are closely associated with the ridge, existing water systems, forests and open space networks, they exemplify the traditional link between natural and cultural resources which needs to be enhanced and strengthened in order to improve Delhi’s environment. (Map -2)

7.1.1 Heritage Typologies – Location and Significance These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi, encompassing a vast range of heritage typologies2, including: 1. Archaeological sites, 2. Fortifications, citadels, different types of palace buildings and

administrative complexes, 3. Religious structures and complexes, including Dargah complexes 4. Memorials, funerary structures, tombs 5. Historic gardens, 6. Traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and

management

1 Indraprastha ( c. 1st millennium BCE), Dilli, Surajpal’s Surajkund, Anangpal’s Lal Kot, Prithviraj Chauhan’s Qila Rai Pithora, Kaiquabad’s Khilokhri, Alauddin Khilji’s Siri, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s Tughlaqabad, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s Jahanpanah, Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s Firozabad, Khizr Khan’s Khizrabad, Mubarak Shah’s Mubarakabad, Humayun’s Dinpanah, Sher Shah Suri’s Dilli Sher Shahi, Shah Jehan’s Shahjehanabad, and Lutyen’s New Delhi. 2 INTACH listing identifies 35 categories



7-2

7. Hunting lodge complexes or Shikargahs, 8. Living settlements such as the historic Walled City with its traditional

mohallas, and historic housing stock including havelis, kuchas, katras. 9. Urbanised historic villages or traditional settlements incorporated within

the urban limits with traditional multiple-use bazaar spines, and Rural historic villages

10. The planned ‘Garden city’ of New Delhi Not only are these heritage resources (including two World Heritage Sites, one World Monuments Watch Endangered Site and numerous traditional Dargah associated settlements which are vibrant centres of cultural and pilgrim significance) integral to defining the identity of Delhi, but they are also of immense historical, archaeological, architectural, functional, economic, recreational and educational value to the citizens of contemporary Delhi.

7.1.2 Potential for Community Based Regeneration and Heritage Tourism

Almost all sections of the city are enriched by these heritage resources, with a concentration of specific heritage components being located in the walled city of Shahjehanabad and areas associated with the sites of the other historic capital cities such as Mehrauli, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad. Many of these significant heritage resources are located in fast-deteriorating historic urban areas and historic villages, and are threatened by over-use or inappropriate uses, property speculation, poverty of the inhabitants and inadequate infrastructure. However, their latent potential for macro-level city environmental improvement as well as community level economic regeneration through appropriate, participatory conservation and comprehensive heritage management plans and measures which include area-level conservation, adaptive reuse, visitor interpretation and cultural tourism is significant and should be taken into account by the CDP.

7.1.3 Ineffective conservation framework and lack of integration with the development planning process.

Although there has been a concern for the preservation of the monuments of Delhi since the first systematic surveys and investigations were carried out in the late 19th century by the ASI, resulting in the identification of 106 monuments by Dr Rodgers, 269 monuments by Dr Vogel in 1902, and 1317 monuments, sites and buildings by Maulvi Zafar Hasan in 1911- 1916, for various reasons only 175 of these which were of ‘Grade I’ were notified for protection as being of national significance (Ref. Appendix-1). By 2004, the number of monuments notified for protection by the ASI in the NCT of Delhi was reduced to 151+4, as some of the monuments were considered by the ASI to have lost their significance due to rapid urbanization, despite the provisions of the 1961 Master Plan for Delhi, and were under the process of



7-3

being deprotected. The State Department of Archaeology of the GNCTD has protected only 20 monuments to date.

Surveys and conservation initiatives by INTACH in the 80’s and 90’s3 revealed that out of the remaining 1142 historical monuments, sites and buildings identified by Maulvi Zafar Hasan in 1911-1916, which were considered to be of regional and local importance but were not protected, almost one third had been lost, indicating the lack of an effective conservation framework.

7.1.4 Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage Management for Delhi – Necessity for Coordination and Convergence

The existing institutional framework for protection, conservation and management of the heritage resources of Delhi, within the urban management framework, is characterized by administrative and technical sectorisation of responsibilities. As mentioned by both the Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), 2001 and the Draft MPD 2021, there is a clear necessity for coordination and convergence in conservation and formulation of locally based community development programmes which include upgradation, regeneration and provision of essential infrastructure in areas with a concentration of identified heritage resources.

7.1.5 Agencies involved with planning and implementation of heritage conservation and rehabilitation works, as well as continuing maintenance and management of heritage resources The primary agencies which are involved with conservation and management of the built heritage in Delhi are the following:

No Name of Agency &

Relevant Regulatory Framework

Responsibilities Reporting Structure

1 Archaeological Survey of India –Delhi Circle Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites

Designation & protection of 151+4 monuments, archaeological sites and remains of National significance, ( reduced from 175/ 163

Central Government organization under the Union Ministry of Culture Nodal officer:

3 INTACH Listing of Heritage Buildings of Delhi, 2000



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No Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework


and Remains Act, 1959 Notification issued in 1997 under Rule 32 of the Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959 UNESCO World Heritage Convention

designated in the original list)as well as the management of designated World Heritage Sites.4 The ASI also coordinates with local governments to prohibit, restrict and regulate development in the areas ( 100+200m buffer zones) demarcated around the protected area of each national monument. Two major heritage sites, the Qutb Complex and Humayun’s Tomb Complex have been designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

Superintending Archaeologist, Delhi Circle. Overall Responsibility: Director General of the ASI, reporting to the Secretary, Culture (GoI)

2 GNCT Delhi Department of Archaeology & Museums ‘Delhi Ancient and Historical Monuments and Sites and Remains Act’ 2005

Conservation, preservation and ‘beautification’ of monuments other than those maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India; Survey, listing, documentation, Acquisition and protection of monuments; Archaeological explorations and excavations; Educational activities and bringing out departmental publications. Only 20 of more than 1300 historical monuments of different periods identified in Delhi, at present protected by Dept. of Archaeology(Website) Manages Museums of Archaeology and Delhi City, and has undertaken restoration works on privately owned monuments and historic buildings. Coordinates with local authorities to prohibit, restrict and regulate development in the areas (50 + 100m buffer zones) demarcated around the protected area of each state monument.

The Deputy Director of Archaeology is the Nodal Officer under the Director of Archaeology, reporting to the Secretary (Art & Culture), Delhi Government. Advisory committee under the chairmanship of Secretary (Art & Culture) proposed by the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, to advise and oversee the activities of conservation of monuments and other related activities of the department.

3 DDA - Heritage Cell (Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation

Preparation of Master Plans, Zonal & Sub-Zonal Plans which take heritage conservation into

Ministry of Urban Development (GoI)

4 ASI is concerned with ‘ structural and chemical preservation of monuments and antiquities, excavation and exploration of archaeological sites and remains, epigraphy and publications on inscriptions and archaeology, giving advice to the Ministry of Culture on archaeological matters, horticultural operations around the protected monuments, maintenance of site museums etc.’



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notified in 1999 under a sub-section of the DDA Act) Number of provisions for conservation of the built heritage in its 15 Planning Zones5 in the Draft MPD 2021 as well as the Zonal Development Plan for the Walled City (Part Zone A and C – approved 1999) Draft MPD 2021 mentions evelopment plans / schemes to conform to the amended Building Byelaws 1993, vide Clause 23 according to the chapter inserted on ‘Conservation of Heritage Sites including Heritage Building, Heritage Precincts and Natural Feature Areas’

account Draft MPD-2021 contains a conservation strategy that identifies six key Heritage Zones and three Archaeological Parks and also stipulates that while preparing layout plans, 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments as well as heritage buildings listed by the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, MCD and NDMC ‘should be suitably incorporated’. In case of major monuments it is necessary that surrounding areas should be identified in the layout/detail plan, and should have building controls in relation to height, material and ‘spread’ of the monuments. Suggests that with the aim of framing policies and strategies for conservation, appropriate action plans and ‘Special Development Plans’ may be prepared by all the agencies concerned with the protection of Delhi’s built heritage such as the ASI, GNCTD Department of Archaeology, MCD, NDMC, Cantonment Board and DDA. The DDA has formulated and financed the implementation of proposals for designated heritage resources with the assistance of INTACH and other organizations (MCD, DJB, DTTDC)

Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation under the Director (--) who should be a qualified Architect, Conservation Architect or Landscape Architect.

4 MCD – MCD Heritage Cell and MCD Heritage Society

Almost 75% of the built heritage listed by INTACH in 2000is situated in the Municipal Corporation of Delhi area,( which constitutes an urban area of 599.6 kms and rural area of 797.70 sq. kms subdivided into different zones6) It includes the Walled City of Shahjehanabad and extensions, a number of historic urban and rural villages

The MCD reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs (GoI)

5 Planning Zones of DDA- Master Plan of Delhi / Sub Zonal/Area / Layout Plans: A Old City (1159 ha), B City Extension (2304 ha), C. Civil Lines (3959 ha), D. New Delhi (6855 ha), E. Trans-Yamuna (8797 ha), F. South Delhi I (11958 ha), G. West Delhi I (11865 ha), H. North West Delhi (5677 ha), I. South Delhi II (15178 ha.), J. West Delhi II (12056 ha), K. West Delhi III (22979 ha), L. North West Delhi II (8213 ha), M. North West Delhi III (15851 ha), N. River Yamuna (6081 ha), O. North Delhi ( 15707 ha) 6 MCD Zones – 12 : 1. Civil Lines Zone ( 10 wards), 2. City Zone ( 8 wards), 3. Karol Bagh Zone (10 wards), 4. Najafgarh Zone (5 wards), 5. Narela Zone ( 4 wards), 6. New Delhi Zone (8 wards), 7. North West Zone (Rohini) (7 wards), 8. Sadar Paharganj Zone (13 wards), 9. Shahadara (north) Zone (8 wards), 10. Shahadara (south) Zone ( 4 wards), 11. South Zone (9 wards), 12. West Zone (10 wards)



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MCD Heritage Society set up under an Office Order as a specialist advisory body.

as well as historic buildings and complexes. The Municipal Commissioner is Chairman of the MCD Heritage Society, heritage advisory board has been appointed, including the Chief Town Planner and conservation experts for the heritage programme which is to be taken up for the Walled City area. List of heritage resources under the purview of the MCD compiled with the assistance of INTACH Delhi Chapter & Wilson’s survey drawings of Shahjehanabad being updated to have an accurate base for formulation of recommendations for the conservation and revitalization of the Walled City. MCD, in association with the ASI, Delhi Circle, and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology is demarcating the properties located within the 100 (50m) m ‘prohibited area’ and the 200 (100m) m ‘regulated area’ surrounding or contiguous with protected monuments of National (State) Importance in MCD areas.

MCD has recently constituted a Heritage Society.

5 NDMC

The 42.74 sq. km area under the New Delhi Municipal Council includes the planned city of New Delhi established in 1911. The NDMC area or New Delhi Zone has a total of 304 heritage buildings and complexes identified by the INTACH 2000 (Appendix 2 & 3) List of Historic Buildings of Delhi, as well the Connaught Place area, the Central Vista, New Delhi Bungalow Zone and also the Lodhi Gardens and the Delhi Golf Club which have been identified as Conservation Areas in the INTACH 2000 List.

NDMC reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI NDMC Chief Architect is responsible for heritage conservation activities of NDMC

6 Delhi Urban Arts Commission - DUAC Set up by an Act of Parliament, under the Delhi Urban Arts Commission Act of 1973

DUAC advises on ‘preserving and developing the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi’. Guides the local body on any project or development proposal which affects the skyline or the aesthetic quality of the

The Delhi Urban Arts Commission consists of a body of experts and reports to the Ministry of Urban Development.



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surroundings and redevelopment in the vicinity of historical areas and ‘conservation, preservation and beautification’ of monumental buildings, public parks and public gardens. The DUAC had a restricted advisory role with powers of rejection of non-conforming projects.

7 CPWD

Responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of government owned historic buildings in Delhi. Heritage resources of great significance such as the Rashtrapati Bavan, Secretariat Buildings, Parliament House and Central Vista as well as the architecturally significant historic bungalows and other buildings located within the New Delhi zone. Responsible for over 72,000 original drawings prepared by Lutyens and other architects for buildings within the New Delhi area.

The Central Public Works Department reports to the Ministry of Urban Development

8 Delhi Cantonment Board

DCB regulates development in the Cantonment Area, an area of 42.97 sq.kms. located between the airport and the NDMC area, within which features such as the Cantonment low density bungalow layout with extensive gardens, heritage buildings associated with the Armed Forces, and components such as Gopinath Bazaar and St. Martins Garrison church are considered to be of significance. The Cantonment Area has been proposed as a Conservation Area by INTACH in the 2000 List.

Delhi Cantonment Board reports to the Ministry of Defence. The Military Engineering Services is concerned with the upkeep and maintenance of historic buildings in this area.

9 Heritage Conservation Committee – HCC Established by an order of the High Court to ensure implementation of Clause 23.16 of the Unified Building Byelaws

HCC to be consulted by the Commissioner, MCD; Vice-Chairman, DDA; Chairman, NDMC before granting permission for any development, redevelopment, engineering operations, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations, demolition of any part of any listed building, listed precincts or listed natural areas.

HCC reports to the MoUD under the High Court order. Associated with the DUAC.

10 DTTDC Incorporated in 1979 (name changed to

The DTTDC has sponsored and undertaken proposals for tourism development in various heritage

An undertaking of GNCTD



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DTTDC in 1989) sites and urban villages in collaboration with the ASI, INTACH, MCD & DDA, including conservation and restoration works in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park.

11 Delhi Waqf Board established under the Waqf Act, 1954, is governed by the more comprehensive 1995 Waqf Act.

The Waqf Board is one of the most important property owners in the historically significant areas such as Shahjehanabad and various villages. In Delhi, the Waqf properties included 774 mosques, 19 Idgahs, 246 Dargahs, tombs and Khanquahs, Karbala, extensive historic graveyards associated with large open, green areas, and numerous commercial and residential properties with some commercial properties rented out for generating revenue (totalling approx.1900 properties determined through a careful resurvey process according to the legal counsel for the Waqf Board).

Seven members, three of whom are elected representatives and four who are appointed by the GNCTD.

Other agencies which are involved with sectors which are intrinsically linked with the heritage resources in the case of Delhi are the following: No Name of Agency &

Regulatory Framework


1 Forest Department

Responsible for the ridge forest associated with the extension of the Aravalli Hills known as the Ridge, within which are located significant historic resources of Delhi. - 6200 ha. of the Southern Ridge, 626 ha. of the South-central ridge where Mehrauli is located, 864 ha. of the Central or New Delhi ridge within which historic shikargahs, gardens and bunds are located and the 87 ha. of the Northern or Old Delhi Ridge associated with Delhi University, Civil Lines and numerous heritage resources from the Tughlaq and later British period .

The GNCTD Forest Department, DDA, NDMC, CPWD, L&DO (Land and Development Office) of the Ministry of Urban Development control different parts, or different functions, on the Ridge. This has lead to construction and encroachment on the Ridge.

2 Delhi Metro Rail Transit System

Likely impact on both the unexcavated archaeological heritage and significant heritage sites in South Delhi. Final route decided in consultation with the ASI Also likely to provide



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No Name of Agency & Regulatory Framework


improved access to certain heritage sites, beneficial for viability of certain cultural tourism circuits.

3 National Capital Region Planning Board The Draft Regional Plan 2021 for the National Capital Region prepared by the NCR Planning Board

‘Special emphasis on integrated tourism development and heritage conservation and management in the Region. Proposes to employ the instrument of the Town & Country Planning Legislation to protect the area around identified heritage resources.’

NCR Planning Board under the Ministry of Urban Development

Non-Governmental organizations and Citizen’s organizations which have been engaged with conservation initiatives, either independently or in coordination with other Government agencies are the following:

No Name of Organisation

& Regulatory Framework


1 Pani Morcha

Concerned with water resource management in Delhi - actively working in close coordination with INTACH & Tapas in identification of the traditional components of the historic water harvesting and storage system in Delhi, - identified numerous historic tanks, baolis, village ponds and water bodies, bunds, sluice gates with a potential for revival and reintegration into the contemporary city.

NGO

2 INTACH

Involved with identification and conservation of heritage components not in the purview of the ASI and not formally protected by the Delhi Department of Archaeology. INTACH has prepared a List of Heritage Buildings in Delhi, published in 2000, and, while functioning as an active pressure group, has also worked on conservation and restoration of many heritage resources in the city, especially in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park and the Walled City in coordination with the DDA, MCD & DTTDC. Consultants associated with INTACH have formulated guidelines for integration of heritage within the JNNURM City Development Plans.

Nodal quasi-autonomous NGO



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No Name of Organisation & Regulatory Framework


3 The Church of North India

Responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of numerous significant historic properties, primarily including important Church complexes, gardens and historic educational institutions and schools which have been identified in the INTACH 2000 Listing of Delhi.

4 Delhi University

Many of the colleges in the North Campus of Delhi University, which were established on the site of the old Cantonment, have been designated as significant heritage resources including the old Viceregal Lodge (Currently the DU Office), Gwyer Hall, St Stephens College campus etc.

Recently undertaken conservation and upgradation works through grants from the GNCTD.

5 Aga Khan Foundation for Culture

The Aga Khan Foundation for Culture, as a part of the Aga Khan Development Network, is concerned with contemporary design, social housing, community improvement and development, restoration, reuse and area conservation as well as landscape design and improvement of the environment.

This organization recently completed a regeneration project for the Gardens of Humayun’s Tomb – a World Heritage Site, and is currently interested in sponsoring ongoing initiatives for the Humayun’s Tomb – Hazrat Nizamuddin Conservation Area, in conjunction with the ASI and other agencies.

6 Resident Welfare Associations in heritage areas

Local Residents Associations in areas such as Hauz Khas, Mehrauli, Nizamuddin, Aliganj etc. which have a high concentration of significant heritage resources, have an important role to play in the routine maintenance and upkeep of the areas around the protected areas of monuments, as well as unprotected heritage resources in their localities.

7.1.6 Necessity for Integrated Conservation & Heritage Management – Area level

conservation, Heritage Zones and Archaeological Parks

The INTACH report on the Listing of the Built Heritage of Delhi, published in 2000, which also included heritage resources associated with the period between 1911-1947, buildings in New Delhi and the Cantonment, as well as 19th



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century residential buildings not identified by the 1911 survey, listed a total of 1203 monuments, sites and buildings, including the 151+ 4 protected by the ASI. Conservation Zones In consonance with the international (UNESCO) normative framework for integrated conservation and heritage management, there has been a shift in focus from individual monuments, with recent efforts encompassing the entire Walled City, Archaeological Parks and other heritage Conservation Zones delineated around traditional settlements such as Hazrat Nizamuddin. Earlier reports and the 2000 INTACH Listing have identified 26 proposed Conservation Areas or areas with a concentration of heritage resources in Delhi.

DDA ‘Control Zones’ The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City (Part Zones A & C) , approved 1999, identifies 5 ‘control zones’ as Conservation Areas, as well as urban design interest areas, protected monuments and other buildings for conservation, and also suggests the preparation of area by area ‘urban renewal plans’. Draft MPD – 2021 Provisions for Conservation The Draft MPD 2021, in its section 10 on Conservation of Built Heritage mentions 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments, as well as lists of heritage buildings published by the MCD, NDMC and the State Department of Archaeology. The Draft MPD-2021 also identifies 6 Heritage Zones, including the entire Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. It states that each local body / land owning agency should formulate ‘Special Development Plans’ for the conservation and improvement of listed heritage complexes and zones. Necessity for a common heritage Database (Inventory of Heritage Resources) However, to date, there is still no comprehensive, reliable database, GIS or Cultural Resource Information System for heritage resources of Delhi, used by all the agencies concerned with heritage conservation, which distinguishes between heritage resources which are of global, national, city-level and local significance and which indicates their exact location and legal boundaries on maps to a scale appropriate for preparation and implementation of local area plans, including heritage management and regeneration plans.

7.2 INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI

Systematic process of identification and delineation of heritage resources

One of the primary requirements for integration of the heritage resources into the city development process (as recognized in the Draft MPD 2021 as well as by agencies such as the MCD, ASI & GNCT Delhi Department of Archaeology ) is a systematic process of identification and delineation on



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correct and updated maps (Master Plan Level/ Zonal Level / Area Level) of all heritage resources - components of heritage significance of Delhi ( sites, structures, monuments, conservation areas, precincts, historic urbanised villages and water management systems).

Compilation and verification of inventories This involves the compilation of inventories of heritage resources prepared by various agencies over the past 20 years, updating of that information, correlation of authentic statistical data and preparation of maps at appropriate scales which are adequate for formulation of comprehensive conservation and heritage management plans for the areas within which these heritage resources are located. In the case of monuments, buildings and sites protected by the ASI and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, it is further necessary to precisely demarcate the extent and exact legal boundaries of the designated Protected Area, as well as the properties within the Prohibited Area and the Regulated Area surrounding the monuments/ complexes of National or State Importance.

An inventory of the monuments protected by the ASI (151) and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology (20) is given in Appendix (1) together with a map indicating their location within Delhi. In addition heritage resources listed by other organizations and agencies are given, and indicated on the map.

Distribution of Heritage resources in various zones

It is seen from an analysis of the distribution of the 1203 heritage resources (not including the 26 identified conservation areas) in the inventory compiled by INTACH (2000) that the historic Walled City of Shahjehanabad in Zone A has 231 identified heritage buildings (reduced from the 411 identified by Zafar Hasan’s survey for the ASI in 1913). The DDA Zonal Development Plan for the Walled City (Part Zone A & Zone C) however has taken into account the heritage resources as per the earlier survey. In the case of Zone B, 17 heritage buildings and complexes had been listed by INTACH in the 2000 Report, in Zone C 143 were listed, in Zone D (including the NDMC area) 304 historic buildings were listed, in Zone F 465 historic buildings were listed, while in Zone G 35 historic buildings were listed and in Zone H 8 buildings were listed.

INVENTORY

HERITAGE RESOURCES IN DDA ZONES

TOTAL A B C D NDMC

F

G H

ASI 151 +4

INTACH-HCC provisional INTACH–Report 2000

1203

207 231

15 17

103 143

79 304

338 465

29 35

4 8

GNCTD Arch.Dept. 20

1911-1916 Survey 1317 411



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Within the Walled City as well as within historic traditional settlements and urban villages such as Hazrat Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki, Mehrauli etc. which have been identified as Conservation Areas, in addition to the identified heritage resources, there are numerous vernacular residential structures, traditional havelis and other elements which contribute to the distinctive urbanscapes of sections of these areas. Although the number of historic buildings in the rural and recently urbanized areas to the north and north-west is small, these zones contain extremely important heritage typologies such as the Shikargah at Jaunti village and the Minar and HathiKhana at Hastsal (both of the Shahjehani period), which also present valuable opportunities for linking conservation and provision of essential community amenities and infrastructure.

DDA Zonal Development Plan of the Walled City of Shahjehanabad indicating boundaries of 15 Sub-Zones of Zone A and 1 Sub-Zone of Zone C



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7.3 WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS 7.3.1 Development Pattern

Founded in 1639-1648 CE, the site chosen for Shahjehan’s planned capital city was an elevated area overlooking the river Yamuna, near the existing fort of Salimgarh, and encompassing within it significant components of the earlier city of Firozabad. The great enclosure wall, 27 feet high, 12 feet thick and 3.8 miles long, constructed during the years 1651-1658, encompassed an area of 569 ha., with 10 large gates and numerous smaller ones located at the ends of the principal urban arteries, and supported a population of 60,000. Bhujla Pahari,

which was located near the centre of the walled city was used as the site for the Jama Masjid, with an area of lower ground between the Jama Masjid and the citadel, the Red Fort. Significant heritage typologies and transformations There were two main Bazaar thoroughfares – the Chandni Chowk from the Lahori Gate of the Fort to the Fatehpuri Masjid, and the Faiz Bazaar. Over a period of time, other specialized markets, urban gardens, canals, sarais, havelis, residential mohallas, kuchas, katras, for different crafts communities, 202 mosques of which 200 were built between 1639 and 1857,(including Begumi-Amiri and Mohalla mosques), dargahs, khanquahs and other religious structures were constructed, and the heritage resources of this period still characterize most areas of the walled city. Changes were brought by the British in two phases – between 1803-1857 when the palaces of Dara Shikoh and Ali Mardan Khan in the Kasmere Gate Area were used for the Residency, military barracks and the magazine, and after 1857 when the railway was introduced into the city, clearing a wide area through the northern part of the city from east to west, and replacing the sarai of Jehanara Begum on Chandni Chowk by the Town Hall. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries extensive construction and densification of the city took place, with disintegration of the traditional social ecology, increasing commercialization and associated congestion and degradation of the environment.

7.3.2 Existing Situation

According to the DDA Zonal plan, the population of the Walled City increased to saturation point in 1961, after which there has been large scale infill by commercial uses replacing residential uses and the total work force working in different sectors is estimated to be 4.0 lakhs. The Walled City comprises of 16 sub-



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zones, 15 of which are part of Zone A and one sub-zone is part of Zone-C. The area of the sub-zones varies from 14.4 ha. to 76.6 ha (Refer Table below). The population of the walled city is gradually reducing, with a reduction of about 50,000 persons in the decade between 1981-91. This reduction in population has been attributed to a decrease in residential area, with some of the sub-zones having as low as 12% of the area under residential use. Heritage Resources – Traditional housing and Conservation Areas About 80% of the total housing stock is traditional housing (katras, kuchas), with some densely populated areas with net densities of about 4400 PPH. Commercial establishments have increased by 700% in two decades, with some noxious industries and hazardous trades existing within the densely built-up area. Different areas of the walled city have a dense concentration of various types of heritage resources, traditional housing and urbanscapes associated with important roads and mohallas where the traditional character still exists. These were identified in the ASI Survey of 1911-16 (411 historical monuments/ sites/ buildings)and later by INTACH.2000 (231 historical monuments/ sites/ buildings). The Zonal Development Plan (1999) has identified 15 junctions, chowks, nodal areas and 17 streets, galis, bazaars and chattas which retain their traditional character as Control Zones, as well as 5 other control zones as Conservation Areas.

Sub Zone

Area (ha.)

Locality Heritage Resources Population 1991

Census

Population MPD-2001 Projected

A-13 27.1 Kucha Pati Ram 22 listed buildings + traditional buildings

38873 23100

A-14 23.9 Chitli Qabar 14 listed buildings + traditional buildings

38133 16040

A-15 37.9 Matia Mahal & Pataudi House

14 listed buildings + traditional buildings

43271 20670

A-16 27.8 Churi Walan, Sita Ram Bazaar


41730 23400

A-17 28.3 Farrash Khana, Lal Kuan


38323 20160

A-18 14.4 Naya Bans, Fatehpuri


18740 9400

A-19 23.6 Tilak Bazaar, Baradari, Peeli Kothi


12615 8800

A-20 52.5 Daryaganj, Ansari Road


10091 44500

A-21 22.1 Jama Masjid, Netaji Subash Park

4 protected/ listed buildings and spaces+ traditional buildings

- -

A-22 35.4 Ballimaran, Charkhey Walan


41468 18390

A-23 35.9 Maliwara, Kinari Bazaar

27 significant listed buildings and spaces + traditional buildings

31498 5700

A-24 33.6 Katra Neel, Town 33 significant listed 8806 7800



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Sub Zone

Area (ha.)

Locality Heritage Resources Population 1991

Census

Population MPD-2001 Projected

Hall, Gandhi Ground

buildings and spaces + traditional bldgs.

A-25 21.1 Lajpat Rai Market, Bhagirath Place


4383 5200

A-26 76.7 Red Fort, SalimGarh Fort

ASI protected site of potential WH significance

4726 -

A-28 46.4 Railway Station, Railway Yard

Railway station and hotels to the south

798 -

C-1 62.3 Ram Bazaar, Kashmere Gate, GPO

23 listed/protected buildings + traditional buildings

21704 32000

3,50,159 2,35,160

DDA Zonal Development Plan for Walled City of Shahjehanabad indicating location of monuments identified by ASI 1911-16 Survey



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7.3.3 Priorities for Heritage Management in Shahjehanabad Walled City

Necessity for formulation of heritage management plans for heritage zones • The necessity for conservation and heritage management within the Walled

City area of Shahjehanabad has been recognized in the Zonal Development Plan to some extent (control zones for Conservation areas, streets and chowks/nodal points were identified), as well as in the draft MPD 2021 which designates the entire Walled City as one of the Conservation Areas of Delhi. However, the present boundaries of the planning sub-zones within the Zones A & C do not follow the traditional boundaries of the mohallas, bazaars and neighbourhoods, leading to situations where streets such as the Chandni Chowk fall into two zones. Rationalisation of the boundaries based on the heritage typologies, concentration of heritage resources, coherence of the area and issues related to land uses and community needs in the various areas is required in order to formulate the ‘special development plans’ for designated heritage zones.

• Detailed identification of the components of the traditional housing stock

and individual historic havelis, katras, kuchas and mohallas, and demarcation on area level maps, together with an indication of their value as a heritage resource is required.

• A framework for integrated heritage management of the Red Fort and the

Walled city of Shahjehanabad as a whole, which is linked with community development, regeneration, crafts development and potential cultural tourism activities is required.

Strategies linking infrastructure upgradation, appropriate adaptive reuse, provision of essential community facilities and economic regeneration – Area Level • Infrastructure inadequacies have been identified to some extent in the

Zonal Development Plan, but upgradation and infrastructure retro-fitting requirements which take into account the value of the heritage resources at the area level need to be identified. Water supply and sewerage connections should be compulsory, and lines will require augumentation. Social infrastructure requirements could be partially met by appropriate adaptive reuse and conservation of heritage properties.

• Although about 3,500 evacuee properties/ Katras (under the Custodian of

Evacuee Property) have been mentioned as being controlled by the Slum Department in the Zonal Development Plan, it is observed that some of these properties of heritage value such as the Haveli Ahsanullah Khan at Hauz Qazi have been retrieved by their owners. The Zonal Development Plan suggests that in the ‘action plans’, ‘redevelopment in the conservation manner i.e. property by property’ be undertaken. Three categories of these properties have been identified , including Government Owned dangerous Katras/ evacuee properties, Government Owned other than dangerous Katras/ evacuee properties, Privately Owned Katras/ evacuee properties, for which different mechanisms are suggested. It is necessary to ensure that the heritage value of these properties is taken into account when deciding upon conservation priorities and appropriate courses of action for rehabilitation.



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• Recent heritage management initiatives for landmark bank buildings • Identification of mechanisms to ensure linkages between appropriate

adaptive reuse and reutilization of selected heritage buildings for provision of community infrastructure, facilities and amenities for cultural tourism.7

7.4 HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES 7.4.1 Development Pattern

‘Urban Villages’ are ‘traditional rural settlements which have been changed and merged with urban areas’ or villages which have been incorporated over time into the urban limits of the present city of Delhi. They are a basic feature of the present complex urban structure and include within their limits a large proportion of the heritage resources associated with the many earlier cities of Delhi, encompassing both vernacular residential and community structures, as well as religious buildings and historic monuments. Even among themselves, they display varied characteristics depending on their location, inhabitants, their historical role and relationship to the city. The cultural, educational and economic significance of these villages is due to the fact that many of these villages include historical elements dating back at least 900 years, some are outstanding examples of the traditional village pattern, while others retain the spirit of a past way of life which has disappeared from other parts of the city. In addition, they are areas of immense use value as they served as reception areas for low income migrants and augmented the housing stock of the city. Heritage Resources – Conservation Zones The number of urban villages is currently 135, having increased from 47 in 1951. Out of these, urban villages such as Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki, Sarai Shahji, Begumpur, Kalu Sarai, Kalkaji, Shaikh Sarai, Ardhchini, Saidulajaib, Mehrauli, Hauz Khas, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad have a major concentration of heritage resources. Within these settlements, at the time of incorporation within the urban limits, the land earmarked for village settlements including land for houses and common needs of the villagers, encompassing the ‘Abadi’ area was shown in red ink and known as the ‘Lal Dora’. This area, in the past, has been exempt from municipal byelaws and restrictions, leading to very high densities, incompatible land uses and the location of noxious and hazardous industries within the settlement. Most of these urban villages which have a concentration of heritage resources are included within the Conservation Zones identified by INTACH and are also on certain heritage tourism itineraries.

7.4.2 Development Requirements – Issues, potential and threats

• 7 For example, Educational institutions such as Senior Secondary schools are sufficient in number but deficient in

space and historic derelict buildings could be used to provide facilities; area is deficient in health facilities, many of the existing historic buildings which already accommodate traditional dispensaries – these could be upgraded, in addition to proposed densification of the Engineering College area Railway land due to shifting of the goods yards.



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Historic urban villages, with their distinctive settlement pattern, range of traditional residential typologies and havelis and heritage resources such as the vibrant religious and cultural complexes of the sufi Dargahs of Delhi in Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Mehrauli, Ardhchini etc. and a range of protected monuments, sites and remains of National Importance are threatened today by increasing over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate construction primarily to cater to the demand for low-income rental housing for migrants, encroachments and inappropriate uses. Construction of this type, detrimental to the environment of these historic urban villages due to increased infrastructural stresses, incompatible in both use and scale, encroaches upon and overpowers, almost engulfing the significant heritage resources and way of life of the traditional settlement with its great potential for heritage tourism.

7.4.3 Strategies for economic regeneration, participatory conservation and environmental improvement Locally based, site specific, participatory integrated conservation and management programmes for these heritage areas, with a major infrastructure upgradation and historic building rehabilitation component, are required. Possibilities for economic regeneration through comprehensive conservation of heritage resources, supporting and stimulating cottage industries and handicrafts need to be looked into, and programmes based on the linkages between poverty alleviation and holistic environmental improvement and conservation and rehabilitation efforts developed. These detailed community based programmes need to be formulated with the objective of regeneration and conservation of these historic urban villages, focusing and building upon the contribution of these villages to the distinctive identity of the part of the city in which they are located, and should suggest specific strategies to utilise their potential as part of thematic heritage tourism circuits, and to ensure that revenue generated through heritage tourism is utilised for the environmental upgradation of the historic urban village and the benefit of the community.

7.5 HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES

A number of historic villages, located in the rural areas, which still retain their traditional agriculture based functions and settlement patterns contain a number of significant heritage resources in the form of ‘Shikargahs’ or extensive Tughlaq and Mughal Period Hunting Palace complexes , water reservoirs etc. The conservation, provision of essential infrastructure and adaptive reuse of areas associated with these heritage complexes, such as the

Shikargah in Jaunti village could be of great potential for heritage tourism, provision of community facilities as well as generation and diversification of employment opportunities for the local community through conservation.



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7.6 HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Components of the historic & traditional water management systems of the city such as the bunds, sluices, reservoirs, ‘baolis’, tanks, village have been identified as still having the potential to supplement the city’s water resources through water harvesting as well as playing a significant role in groundwater recharge in the part of the city in which they are located. These heritage resources, such as the Ugrasen’s Baoli in Connaught Place, the Baoli in Nizamuddin, the Jharna and Hauz Shamsi in Mehrauli, the HauzKhas tank associated with the FirozShah Tughlaq’s tomb etc., are vital community, functional, recreational and educational resources. Some of the larger reservoirs, such as the waterbody associated with the Shikargah or Hunting Palace at Jaunti; the Bund and the Baoli associated with Talkatora Garden; etc. are of ecological value and some have considerable potential for heritage tourism as part of a ‘Rural Tourism’ circuit. Most of these water bodies and components of the historic water management systems of Delhi are required to be conserved under a ruling of the High Court.

7.7 LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS

AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES 7.7.1 Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and sites:

1. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 and the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959– amended 1997 to provide for Prohibited and Regulated Areas around monuments of National Importance.

2. Delhi Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 2004

7.7.2 Other provisions for conservation and heritage management

1. Other related legislation, regulations, bye-laws and policies - Building byelaws 1993, amended vide clause 23 – Chapter on Conservation of Heritage Sites including Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and Natural Feature Areas.

2. Delhi Urban Arts Commission Act 3. Waqf Act of 1995 4. Draft Master Plan for Delhi provisions for conservation of the built heritage,

including Conservation Areas and Archaeological Parks 5. Area specific proposals for conservation guidelines by CPWD, NDMC and MCD

7.8 EMERGING TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES (i) Technical

1. Loss of heritage resources and need for a Cultural Resource Information

System to ensure coordinated conservation efforts.



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The magnitude of the recent losses of the heritage resources of the city (12 of the 163 ASI protected monuments, buildings and remains of National Importance, and almost one third of the heritage buildings and structures of regional and state significance listed in the 1911-16 ASI survey have been demolished or lost - out of the 151+4 monuments currently protected by the ASI8, 14 are under encroachment and proceedings are on in the High Court to ensure that they are cleared) due to urbanisation and development pressures, requires the preparation of a comprehensive database and identification and demarcation of the location, extent, legal boundaries of heritage resources as well as the Prohibited and Regulated areas on maps in a comprehensive manner ( Cultural Resource Information System) to be utilised by all the agencies concerned with development ; Among the conservation related objectives identified by the the Draft MPD 2021 for which close coordination and cooperation is required from agencies such as the ASI, GNCTD State Department of Archaeology, NDMC, MCD, Cantonment Board and DDA, two essential ones are related to: Maintaining and updating a heritage database, defining all applicable terms

and Listing of Heritage Buildings based on appropriate criteria.

2. Strategies for utilisation of Heritage Tourism potential of cultural resources

Planning for heritage tourism linked to the city’s vast range of heritage resources for environmental and community benefits should be developed within an appropriate conservation and heritage management framework, with provision of adequate safeguards and according to the International Charters for Cultural Tourism; Identification of thematic cultural tourism circuits within Delhi which could include ‘Rural tourism’, ‘Pilgrim circuits’ as well as programmes for ‘Heritage festivals’ linked with the heritage resources of the city and its traditional festivals and celebrations, and the identification and designation of a category of ‘Heritage hotels’ associated with certain typologies of heritage resources in Delhi. This could be linked with the Draft MPD2021 objective of implementing programmes for education and awareness 3. Strategies for Adaptive re-use, upgradation, and provision of infrastructure in Heritage Conservation Areas and Historic Urban Villages should be developed within the heritage management framework;

4. Preparation of Heritage management Plans & Detailed Conservation Plans should be urgently undertaken for the identified heritage resources by qualified conservation professionals. This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective of developing organizational capacity for heritage management.

8 The total number of monuments was 175, later reduced to 163. Out of these, a number of monuments have been delisted and others recently notified.8.of National Importance in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, under the administrative control of the Delhi Circle of the Archeological Survey of India, as entered in the original list



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5. Conservation guidelines and Special Development regulations should be formulated for areas associated with protected monuments, sites and buildings as well as for other areas with a concentration of heritage resources; All development plans for areas in close proximity to World Heritage Sites, even if they are beyond the official 100m Prohibited Area + 200m Regulated Area require a process of impact assessment on the heritage. This should be mandatory, so that long term and cumulative impacts are mitigated, valuable heritage resources are not lost but utlised for the benefit of the community and for improvement of the environment and quality of life in heritage areas, and visual corridors are also retained and not obstructed. This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective for preparation of guidelines for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage buildings

6. Integration of certain heritage resources of Delhi with the proposed Greenways project to strengthen traditional linkages between the cultural and natural resources of Delhi.

(ii) Managerial

1. Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action. 2. Issues related to derelict/ encroached/ evacuee properties 3. Effective implementation of Heritage management Plans & Conservation

Plans

The DUEIIP, 2001 had stated that the primary cultural heritage assets would be the responsibility of the ASI and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, and that GNCTD Department of Archaeology had been identified in association with the DDA, MCD and NGO’s as the executive agency for the formulation of an action plan to demonstrate the utilization of cultural heritage conservation as a catalyst for comprehensive community environmental upgrading and regeneration. The primary objectives of this were envisaged as a process of ‘community self – regeneration’ through cultural heritage area conservation and rehabilitation. The project was intended to ‘expand and accelerate conservation efforts, build and consolidate private-public partnerships (including the tourism industry), and use the rehabilitation process to alleviate poverty and mitigate negative environmental impacts’.

(iii) Financial

Currently, funds earmarked for conservation of heritage resources are woefully inadequate, and mechanisms are required whereby a small percentage of property tax, as well revenues generated from tourism could be utilized for restoration, comprehensive conservation and heritage management initiatives. Mobilisation of adequate resources for effective conservation and heritage management requires to be linked with processes of economic regeneration.



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(Possible models could include the Main Street programmes which were effective for revitalisation for small towns in the US) • Incentives for conservation could be given in the following manner:

o Financial – by direct grant to the owner of the heritage resource from

the Central/State government/Heritage Organisations o Providing the building owner access to credit, and Tax relief or

concessions to the building owner o Cross- subsidies and provisions for Cessed buildings o Incentives and mechanisms such as TDR for heritage buildings. o Direct action by the authorities through upgrading of infrastructure and

through the acquisition, restoration and maintenance of buildings for provision of essential community facilities

Encouragement from the public authority through setting up of Building Centres for assisting locals in conservation and appropriate rehabilitation activities as well as formulation of community based heritage management plans in a participatory manner. Delhi Government has proposed certain initiatives to encourage Public-Private Partnerships in the heritage conservation and management sector. There are proposals to involve Business organisations, N.G.Os, Residential Welfare Associations, Public Sector Undertakings and Government departments to maintain monuments under specific guidelines under the supervision of the Department of Archaeology.



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M A P - 1

Appendix


A-1

APPENDIX-1 MONUMENTS, SITES & BUILDINGS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE PROTECTED BY

THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA DELISTED WORLD HERITAGE SITES ENCROACHED Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location 1/ 43 Bastion, where a wall of Jahan panah meets the

wall of Rai Pithora fort. Adchini

2/ 2/ 44 Ramp and gateway of Rai Pithora's Fort Adchini 3/ 45 Marble Tomb reputed to be that of Newab

BahadurJawid Khan Aliganj

4/ 12 Lal Bangla Babarpur (Kaka Nagar) 5/ 10 Khair-ul-Manzil Babarpur Bazipur

(Kakanagar) 6/ 11 Kos Minar or Mughal Mile stone Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka

Nagar) 7/ 00 The Moti Gate of Shershah, Delhi Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka

Nagar) 8/ 47 Begampuri Masjid Begampur 9/ 00 Phool Chadar aquduct near Najafgarh Jhil aquduct Chaukri Mubarakabad 10/ 48 Lal Gumbad Chirag Delhi 11/49 Tomb of Bahlol Lodi -do- 12/01 Ajmeri Gate Bazar Ajmeri Gate 13/ 13/00 Alipur Cemetery Delhi-Alipur Camping

group. 14/ 02 Ashoka'a pillar Ferozabad(Ferozshah

Kila or Vikram Nagar Colony)

15/ 00 Bara Khamba Cemetry Imperial City 16/ 19 Chauburji Ridge near Hindura

Hospital 17/ 20 Eremo Cementry Kishanaganj Railway

Stn. 18/ 03 Delhi fort or Lal Qila, Naubat Khana, Diwan-i-am,

Mumtaz Mahal' Rang Mahal, Baithak,Maseu Burj, diwan-i-Khas' Moti Masjid, sawan Bhadon ,Shah Burj, Hammam with all surrounding including the gardens, paths, terraces and water courses.

Red fort

19/ 04 Delhi Gate Daryaganj 20/ 21 Enclosure containing the grave of Lt. Edwards and

others, murdered in 1857. North Ridge near flag Staff tower, Civil Lines.

21/ 50 Enclosure wall with Tomb of Najaf Khan

Safdarjang Fly over

22/ 22 Flag Staff Tower 400 yards North of Cheuburji Mosque

23/ 13 Jantar Mantar Connaught place

Appendix


A-2

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location 24/ 37 Kashmeri Gate and portion of the City Wall on

either side of the Kashmeri Gate on the side and on the other upto andiincluding the water Bastions at the Northern corner of the wall and also including the dith outside the City wall where this is exposed.

Kashmeri Gate

25/ 05 Kotla Ferozabad with the remaining walls, bastions and gateways and gardens, the old Mosque, and well and all other ruins buildings it contains.

Two furlangs east of jail and three furlangs due south of S.E. Corner of Shahjahanabad, Delhi.

26/ 06 Lal Darwaza, the northern gate of the outer walls of the Delhi of Shershah.

Three furlang due south of Delhi Gate,

27/ 23 Lothian Road Cemetery Kashmeri Gate 28/ 24 The Mosque Qudsia Garden 29/ 25 Mutiny telegraph Memorial In front of Old

Telegraph Building, Kashmeri Gate,

30/ 26 Nicholson (Or Kashmeri Gate) Cemetery Kashmeri Gate 31/ 00 Nicholson statue and its platform and the

surrounding gardens paths and enclosure wall. Outside Kashmeri Gate

32/ 27 Old Baoli immediately to the west of Hindu Rao's House.

On the ridge, Delhi

33/ 28 The Old Entrance Gateway of the Garden. Qudsia Delhi 34/ 29 The Pirghaib to the north and near Hindu Rao's

House On the ridge , Delhi

35/ 30 Portion of City wall near which Brij Jahn Nicholson was mortally Wounded on 14th Sept. , 1857.

On the ridge , Delhi

36/ 31 The Punjabi gate in the Roshanara bagh Opposite Municipal Board school, Subji Mandi

37/ 51 Purana Quila (Inderpat) or Delhi With all its walls Arcades, gateways and Bastions, gardens, the Mosque of Sher Shah (Kila Kohna Masjid). The Sher Mandala and entrances to Subteranean passages.

Two miles south of the Delhi Gate of Shahjahanabad, Delhi

38/ 32 Rajpur (Mutiny cemetery) Old Rajpur Cantonment, North Distt.

39/ 33 The remaining gateways of the old Magazira with their adjoining buildings.

The post office , Delhi

40/ 14 Sher Shah's gate with the adjoinining curon walls and Bastions and the remains of the double line of structure to its front

Opposite Purana Qila immediately North-east of the Khairul Manazil Mosque

41/ 34 Site of Siege battery Known as the Sammy House Battery bearing the following Inscriptions Battery , Sammy house, Major Remington Tank, RA Commanding armament 89 pounds. To command ground near Mori Bastion.

300 Yards East of mutiny memorial

41/ 34, 42/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription. East of the Hospital in

Appendix


A-3

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location police Line

43/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription Compound of House No. 7 Court Road

44/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription. Compound of Curzon House

45/ 34 Site of siege Battery with inscription. In the garden near south west entrance to Delhi Club Ground

46/ 07 Sunehri Masjid near Delhi Fort Delhi Fort 47/ 00 Tomb of Capt. Mac. Barnatt & others who fall in

an attack on Kishanganj. Kishan Ganj

48/ 08 Tomb of Ghaziuddin Khan, Tughlaqabad 49/ 35 Tomb of Roshanara & Baradari Sabzi Mandi 50/ 09 Tomb of Razia Begum in Mohalla Bulbuli Khana Shahjahanabad 51/ 15 Tomb of Safdarjang (Mirza Muqim Mansur Ali

Khan) with all the enclosure walls, gateways, gardens and the mosque on the eastern side of the garden.

Lodhi Road, New Delhi

52/ 36 Tripolia Gateways Delhi-Karnal Road 53/ 16 Uggar Sain's Baoli Near Jantar Mantar 54/ 52 Tomb of Darya Khan Kidwai Nagar East 55/ 53 Baoli at Ghiaspur Nizamuddin 56/ 54 Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Chota Batasha No. 153,

Ghiaspur Nizamuddin

57/ 55 Tomb of Amir Khusro, Ghiaspur Nizamuddin 58/ 56 Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Bara Batasha No. 151

Ghiaspur Nizamuddin

59/ 57 Tomb of Nizamuddin Aulia, Ghiaspur No. 197

Nizamuddin

60/ 58 Unknown tomb Ghiaspur 153, Nizamuddin

61/ 59 i. The tomb of Ferozshah ii. Domed Building to the west of No.1 iii. Dalan between 1&2 iv. Domed Building & its court to the south of No. 3, v. Dalans and all ruined Buildings to the north of no. 1 and existing upto No.10 vi. Five Chhatris to the case of No. 1& No.5 vii. Old Gate to the north of No.6 viii. Three Chhatris to the north-west of No.7 ix. Ruined courtyard and its Dalans with the Domed building to the north-west to the No.8 x. Old wall running east from No.4 xi. 2.23 Acres of land surrounding the above monuments and bouded on the North by house of Chhange and Mehra Chand sons of Hansram and house of Uderam, son of Kusha South Ghairmunkan Resta East By village site belonging to village community house of Nots Zadar sons of Jai Singh Chhamar and field Nos. 338 & 331 belonging to Naider and others West By field no. 185 belonging to Udaram, son of Kusal Jat and field No. 186 belonging to Jagins and Sajawal Rajput, No. 195 Ghairmunkin Johar, common of Jats and Musalmans and filed no. 196, Ghairmunkin Pall.

Hauz Khas

Appendix


A-4

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location 62/ 60 Bag-i-Alam Gumbad with a Mosque Humayunpur 63/ 61 Kali Gumti Humayunpur (Hauz

Khas) 64/ 62 Tofewala Gumbad Humayunpur Deer Park

(Hauz Khas)

65/ 63 Arab Sarai Patti, Ghiapur in Hauz Inderpat

66/ 114 The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing North towards Purana Qila

Near Arab Sarai Village

67/ 113 The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing East towards the tomb of Humayun


68/ 115 Remainig Gateways of Arab Sarai and of Abadi-Bagh-Buhalima


69/ 64 Lakhar wal Gumbad (Tomb) Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery), Near Delhi Public School, Mathura Road, Nizamuddin

70/ 65 Sunderwala Burj Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery)

71/ 66 Sunderwala Mahal Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery)

72/ 67 Bijay Mandal, neighbouring domes, buildings and dalan to north of Begumpur

In village Kalusarai (Sarvapriya Vihar)

73/ 68 Old Lodi Bridge with approaches Near tomb of Sikander Lodi, Khairpur

74/ 69 Mosque with the dalans and courtyard and the Bara Gumbaj (the domed entracne to the mosque)

Khairpur

75/ 70 The tomb of Mohammed Shah known as Mubarak Khan- Ka-Gumbaz

Khairpur

76/ 71 Tomb of Sikander Lodi with its enclosure wall and bastions, gates & compound

Khairpur

77/ 72 Unknown tomb with blue tiles decoration known as Shisha Gumbad

Khairpur

78/ 73 Bandi or Poti ka Gumbad III-280 Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road

79/ 75 Biran-Ka-Gumbad-282 Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road

80/ 76 Biwi or Dadi-ka-Gumbad-281 Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road

81/ 77 Chor Minar No. 289 Vol III Kharehra (Hauz Khas Enclave)

82/ 78 Choti Gumti Kharehra village Green Park

83/ 79 Idgah of Kharehra No. 287, Vol III Kharehra village Hauz Khas Enclave

84/ 80 Nili Mosque Kharehra village Hauz Khas Enclave

85/ 81 Sakri Gumti-284 Kharehra village Green Park

86/ 82 Khirkee Masjid Village Khirkee

Appendix


A-5

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location 87/ 83 Satpula-III –216 Village Khirkee

88/ 84 Tomb of Yusuf-Quttal At Khirkee in field

no.81 min, Property of Shamlat deh.

89/ 96 Jahaz Mahal Mehrauli 90/ 94 Shamsid Tallab together with platform entrance

gates. Mehrauli

91/ 97 Moti Masjid Mehrauli 92/ 98 Old Palace of Bahadur Shah II alias Lal Mahal in

Mehrauli Mehrauli

93/ 74 Bara Khamba-285 Kherera village tombs between Hauz Khas, Qutab raod

94/ 99 The Qutab Archaeological area as now fenced in, including the Mosque, Iron Pillar, Minar of Qutab-din, unfinished Minar, all colonnads, screen arches, tomb of Altmash, college, buildings of Aluddin, Tomb of Imam Zamin and all carved stoens in the above area with gardens, paths and water channels, and all gateways including the Alai-Darwaza , also all graves in the above area

Mehrauli

95/ 101 Tomb of Adam Khan (Rest House) Mehrauli 96/ 100 Tomb and Mosque of Maulana Jamali Kamali Mehrauli 97/ 102 Wall mosque Mehrauli 98/ 104 Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort from Sohan

Gate to Adam Khan's tomb including the ditch where there is an outer wall

Mehrauli Kh. No. 1783, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1770, 1772, 1773, 1798 & 1764

99/ 103 Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort at the point where they meet together

Near Jamali Kamali's Mosque Mehrauli Kh. No. 1754, Loddho Sarai Kh.No. 86,87

100/ 105 Wall of Rai Pithora's fort including gateways and bastions

Mehrauli

101/ 107 Gates and walls of Mubarakpur, Kotla in village Mubarakpur

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

102/ 106 Moth-ki-Masjid Behind south externsion Part II.

103/ 00 Inchla Wali Gunti village Mubarakpur, Kotla

104/ 108 Kala Gumbad village Mubarakpur, Kotla

105/ 112 Tombs of Bade-Khan, and Mubarakpur Kotla, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla

106/112 Tombs of Chote Khan, Mubarakpur Kotla 107/ 111 Tomb of Mubarik in Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur,

Kotla 108/ 109 Mosque attached to Mubarak shah Tomb village Mubarakpur,

Kotla 109/ 110 Tomb of Bhura Khan village Mubarakpur,

Kotla 110/ 141 Tin Burji Walla Gumbad Mohammed pur village

II, 304

Appendix


A-6

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location 111/ 142 Unnamed tomb Mohammed pur village

, 305 112/ 143 Baoli Munika II. 318. 113/ 144 Munda Gumbad Munika 302. 114/ 145 Unnamed Mosque Munika 314. 115/ 146 Unnamed Tomb Munika 313. 116/ 147 Unnamed Tomb Munika 315. 117/ 148 Unnamed Tomb Munika 316. 118/ 149 Unnamed Tomb Munika 317. 119/ 00 i. Unnamed Mosque

ii. Unnamed Tomb Munika 321& Munika 322

120/ 150 Wajir pur- ki-Gumbad Munika 312. 121/ 116 The Afsah-walla-ki-Masjid situated outside the

west gate of Humayun's tomb with its dalans and paved court bounded on the east by Humayun's tomb on the west by Abadi Arab Sarai on the north by road and Khasra No. 252 and on the south by Abadi Arab Sarai

Nizammudin

122/ 117 Bara Khamba outside north entrance to shrine Nizammudin 123/ 118 Bara Pulah bridge near Nizammudin South of Nizammudin

124/ 119 Chausath Khamba and tomb of Mirza Nizammudin

Aziz-ka-Kokaltash Nizammudin

125/ 120 Grave of Jahanara Begum Nizammudin 126/122 Grave of Mohammed Shah Nizammudin 127/ 121 Grave of Mirza Jahangir Nizammudin 128/ 123 Humayun's tomb, its platforms, garden, enclosure

walls and gateways Khasra No. 258 bounded on the east by Khasra No.180&181&244 of Miri Singh and on west by Kh. No. 268&253 on the north by Khasra No. 266, on the south by Kh No. 245 of Miri Singh & Kh. No. 248 & 249 of Sayyed Mohummad

Nizammudin

129/ 124 Nila Gumbad outside the south corner of the enclosure of Humayun's tomb (Kh. No. 243) bounded on the east by Kh. No. 182, on the west by Humayun's tomb, on the north by Kh. No. 181 & on the south by Kh. No. 244 of Miri Singh

Nizammudin

130/ 125 Nili Chhatri or Subz Burz . Nizammudin East 131/ 126 Tomb of Afsar-wala immediately near to the south

of Afsar-wala-ki-Masjid Nizammudin

132/ 127 Tomb of Atgah Khan Nizammudin

133/ 128 The tomb of Isa Khan with its surrounding enclosure walls and turrest garden gateways and mosque (Kh. No. 281 ) bounded on the east by Arab Sarai Kh. No.236 on the west by Kh. No. 283 graveyard of Piare Lal and K.No. 283 of Bddon on the north by Kh. No. 236 of Pandit Brij Vallabh and on the south by Arab Sarai Kh. No. 238.

Nizammudin

134/ 129 Tomb of Khan-i-Khanan Nizammudin 135/ 00 Tomb with three domes near Rly.Station Nizammudin 136/ 17 Sikargah Kushak-II -327 Old Kushak Village 137/ 38 Gateways of Badli-Ki-Sarai Village Pipalthala 138/ 131 Tomb of Sheikh Kaburuddin also known as Malviyanagar

Appendix


A-7

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location Rakabwala Gumbad in field no.84 min. situated at sarai Shah 31 property of Thoks Shahpur and Adhehini

139/ 133 Ruined line of walls, bastions & gateways of siri Kh. No. 88, 265 &447 at village Shahpur Jat

Shahpur Jat

140/ 132 Internal buildings of Siri Mehammadi wali-Kh. No. 14 Shahpur Jat Bul-Bul-Ki-Kh. No. 256 Shahpur Jat Makhdum ki Kh. No. 255 Shahpur Jat Baradari Shahpur Jat Motiyan wala dome Shahpur Jat Thana wala Shahpur Jat

Shahpur Jat

141/ 134 Nai-ka-kot. Tughlaqabad. Kotla 142/ 135 Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaqabad. walls and

bastions, gates and cause way including the tomb of Dad Khan

Tughlaqabad.

143/ 136 Tomb of Mohammed Tughlaqabadshah Badarpur Zail

144/ 139 Walls of old city of Tughlaqabad. Badarpur Zail 145/ 138 Walls, gateways bastions and internal buildings of

both inner and outer citadels of Tughlaqabad fort Tughlaqabad.

146/ 137 Walls, gate and bastions of Adilabad (Mohammadbad) and causeway leading there to from Tughlaqabad.

Tughlaqabad.

147/ 42 The Tomb Wazirabad 148/ 41 The mosque Wazirabad 149/ 40 Neighbouring Bridge Wazirabad 150 Mound known as Jaga Bai comprise in part of

surve plot no. 167 Jamia nagar

151/ 46 Ashoka rock Edict East of Kailash colony 152/ 85 Madhi Mosque Ladho Sarai 153/ 86 Rajon-ki-Bain with Mosque and Chhatri Ladho Sarai 154/ 87 Badun Gate Ladho Sarai 155/ 88 Gateway of Lal kot Ladho Sarai 156/ 89 Gateway of Rai Pithoria's fort Ladho Sarai 157/ 91 Walls of Rai Pithora's fort and Jahan Panah at the

point where they meet together Hauz Rani abd Lado Sarai

158/ 140 Tomb of Sultan Ghari Nalikpur Kohi 159/ 92 Baoli known as diving wall locally known as

(Candak-ki-baoli) Mehrauli

160/ 93 Enlosure containing the tomb of Shah Alam Bahadur Shah, Shah Alam to and Akbar Shah II

Mehrauli

161/ 94 Houz Shamsi with central red stone pavilion situated at Mehrauli in field No. 157-81, 1586-97, 1614 &1624

Mehrauli

162/ 95 Iron Pillar Hindu Mehrauli 163/ 151 Ancient Mosque Palam

164/ 39 Sheesh Mahal Shalimar Garden

Village Hyderpur 165/ 18 Ashokan Pillar On the Ridge between

Hindu Rao Hospital

166/ 130 Sarai Shahji Malaviya Nagar 167/ 90, 167/ 90

Azim Khan Tomb Lado Sarai

Appendix


A-8

Old/ New No. Name of Monument Location 168/ 154 Mazar of Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq ChindBagh, Kadam

Sherif, Paharganj, Delhi

169/ 03S Fortificaiton Wall Asad Burj, Water gate, Delhi Gate, Lahori Gate, Jahangiri Gate, Chhattra Bazar, Baoli

Red Fort, Delhi

170/ 152 Fortification walls, Gates, Bastions and Ancient Buildings of Salimgarh Fort

Bela Road

171/ 153 Portion of the City Wall of Shahajanabad Ansari Road 172/ --- Sat Narain Bhawan Delhi Sadhora Khurd,

Dina Nath Marg, Roshanara Road, New Delhi.

173/ 100 Balban Khan's Tomb & Jamli Kamali Lado Sarai, Mehrauli, Delhi

174/--- Unknown Tomb in the vicinitty of Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium

Pragati Vihar, New Delhi

175/ --- Mazar of Mirza Ghalib Nizamuddin LIST OF ADDITIONAL MONUMENTS CONSIDERED FOR PROTECTION BY THE GNCTD DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY No. Name of Monument Location 1 Mutiny Memorial Northern Ridge 2 Maqbara Paik GTK Depot 3 Dara Shikoh Library Kashmere Gate 4 Turkman Gate 5 Baradari Sadhana Enclave 6 Tomb Near Lodhi Rd Flyover 7. Zail Bawana 8 Lodhi period Tomb Katwaria Sarai 9. Monuments Delhi Golf Club, DDA Golf

Club 10 Haveli of Mirza Ghalib Gali Qasim Jan, Ballimaran

The following areas have been identified as CONSERVATION AREAS and ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS by the INTACH 2000 List: 1. Delhi University and Northern Ridge 2. Walled City of Shahjehanabad

Heritage Conservation Zones as detailed above 3. Lutyen’s Delhi including:

Connaught Place Gole Market Area Barracks Lutyens Bungalow Zone and Safdarjang’s Tomb, Lodhi Garden and Delhi Golf Club Central Vista

4. Firozabad – Firoz Shah Kotla 5. Purana Quila, Delhi Zoo and Sundar Nursery 6. Hazrat Nizamuddin, Humayun’s Tomb Complex World Heritage Site and Barapullah

Appendix


A-9

7. Qutb Complex World Heritage Site and Mehrauli Area 8. Vijay Mandal – Begumpur – Sarai Shahji – Lal Gumbad area 9. Hauz Khas – Deer Park 10. Chiragh Delhi 11. Tughlaquabad – Adilabad – Nai ka Kot 12. Delhi Cantonment Area. 13. Mehrauli Archaeological Park 14. Sultan Garhi Archaeological Park 15. Tughlaquabad Archaeological Park

Appendix


A-10

APPENDIX-2

Published List of Heritage Buildings in the MCD Areas Zone – A, Walled City S. No. Buildings Location 1. Idgah West of Paharganj 2. Lady Reading Health School Sadar Bazar 3. Dispensary Lady Reading Health School Sadar Bazar 4. Outer gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim 5. Inner gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim 6. Mosque Qila Qadam Sharief Qila Qadam Sharief 7. Gateway of Qadam Sharief Shrine Nabi Karim 8. Qadam Sharief Shrine Nabi Karim 9. Firoz Shah Mosque Nabi Karim 10. Kunwari Begam Ka Burj Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim 11. Enclosures walls Qila Qadam Sharief Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim 12. Tomb Tail Mill Road, Ram Nagar 13. Hari Masjid Chuna Mandi Paharganj 14. Mosque Chitra Gupta Road Paharganj 15. Chitra Gupta Temple Paharganj 16. Haveli Opp. Hare Kishan Guest House

Paharganj 17. Mosque 116, Main Bazar Road, Paharganj 18. Municipal Corporation Primary School Main Bazar Road, Paharganj 19. Residence 110, Gali Krishna Paharganj 20. Residence 104, Gali Krishna Paharganj 21. Tomb Qutab Road 22. Mosque / Imambara Qutab Road 23. Shivalaya New Delhi Rail Station 24. Mosque New Delhi Rail Station 25. Police Station Sadar Bazar 26. Balika Chaman New Delhi Rail Station 27. Northern Railway Rest House Connaught Place 28. Sarhindi Masjid Lahori Gate 29. Gular Wali Masjid Fatehpuri 30. Ghazi-ud-Din’s Mosque Fatehpuri 31. Muhtasib’s Mosque Fatehpuri 32. Gateway Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri 33. Masjid Ramzan Shah Fatehpuri 34. Haveli Bazar Naya Bans, Fatehpuri 35. Durga Mandir Shivalya Fatehpuri 36. Hauzwali Masjid Naya Bans, Fatehpuri 37. Tahawwur Khan’s Mosque Naya Bans, Fatehpuri 38. Residnce 306, Kuncha Sanjogiram, Naya Bans,

Fatehpuri 39. Fatepuri Masjid Chandni Chowk 40. St. Stephens Church Chandni Chowk 41. Bhowani Shankar Ki Kacheri Fatehpuri, Chandni Chowk 42. Dharamshala Rai Sahib Lala Laxmi Narayan Church Mission Road, Fatehpuri 43. Bhairav Mandir Chandni Chowk 44. Municipal Corporation Primary Girls School Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 45. Gateway 322, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni

Chowk 46. Gateway 154, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni

Chowk

Appendix


A-11

S. No. Buildings Location 47. Namak Haram Ki Haveli Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 48. Namak Haram Ki Haveli 316, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni

Chowk 49. Gateway 759, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 50. Shivalya Kunniji Maharaj 793, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 51. Shivalaya 515, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 52. Mankchanda & Visvesvaranath’s Shivalya 577, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 53. Bada Shivalya 701, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 54. Residence 574, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 55. Shivalya Ghanteshwar Mahadev 598, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 56. Residence 575, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 57. Residence 596, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 58. Dhumimal’s Shivalya 602, Ghanteshwara Mahadev, Katra

Neel, Chandni Chowk 59. Residence 649, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 60. Pandit Hari Ram Ji ka Shivalya 689, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 61. Dharamshala Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri 62. Temple School Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri 63. Residence 508, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni

Chowk 64. Haveli 507, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni

Chowk 65. Residence 509, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni

Chowk 66. Residence 499, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni

Chowk 67. ANZ Grindlays Building 534, Chandni Chowk 68. Union Bank of India Building 628, Chandni Chowk 69. Oriental Bank of Commerce Building 681, Chandni Chowk 70. Gateway to Katra Neel Katra Neel Chandni Chowk 71. Lala Chuna Mal’s Haveli Katra Neel Chandni Chowk 72. Mirza Galib’s House 2298, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran,

Chandni Chowk 73. Mirza Galib’s In-Law’s House Billimaran 74. Mahadev Mandir S. P. Mukherjee Marg 75. Old Delhi Railway Station S. P. Mukherjee Marg 76. Police Station Chandni Chowk 77. Punjab National Bank Building 458, Katra Mohan, Chandni Chowk 78. MCD Office Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk 79. Hakim Mihr Ali Shah’s Mosque Gali Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk 80. Sunehri Masjid Chandni Chowk 81. North Brook Fountain Chandni Chowk 82. Gurudwara Sis Ganj Chandni Chowk 83. Central Baptist Church Chandni Chowk 84. Gujrati Temple 1739, Dariba Kalan 85. Hardayal Municipal Public Library Gandhi Ground, Chandni Chowk 86. Gateway 2255, Kaudiya Pul, Chandni Chowk 87. Bhagirath Place Chandni Chowk 88. Fort View Hotel Chandni Chowk 89. St. Mary’s Church S. P. Mukherjee Marg 90. Gateway of Zeenat Mahal Lal Kuan 91. Office Block Bazar Lal Kuan 92. Gateway Bazar Lal Kuan 93. Gateway Farash Khana Off Bazar Lal Kuan 94. Yogmaya Mandir Kuncha Sanjogiram Bazar, Naya

Bazar, Naya Bazar

Appendix


A-12

S. No. Buildings Location 95. MCD Dispensary Lal Kuan 96. Residence Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan 97. Graves enclosure of Nawan Iradtmand Khan

& Nawab Masayar Khan Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan

98. Gateway Bazar Sikriwalan, Fatehpuri 99. Sikriwalans Mosque Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi

100. Masjit Mubarak Begam Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi 101. Houz Qazi Mosque Hauz Quazi Chowk, Fatehpuri 102. Gateway Gali Qasim Jan, Fatehpuri 103. Residence 2168, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran,

Chandni Chowk 104. Haveli 2160, Ahata Kale Saheb, Billimaran,

Chandni Chowk 105. Hindustani Dawakhana Billimaran, Chandni Chowk 106. Gateway 3639, Chawari Bazar 107. Shri Digambar Jain Naya Mandir Fatehpuri 108. Anand Aushdhlaya Billimaran, Chandni Chowk 109. Shri Agawal Digambar Jain Panchayati

Mandir Fatehpuri

110. Residence 2293, Dharampura, Fatehpuri 111. Residence 2218, Dharampura, Fatehpuri 112. Shri Digambar Jain Maru Mandir Fatehpuri 113. Prakash Nursery School Dharampura, Fatehpuri 114. Commercial-cum-Residential Building Fatehpuri 115. Residence 2942, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar,

Chandini Chowk 116. Residence 1961, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar,

Chandni Chowk 117. Ram Nath Inder Devi trust Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk 118. Jain Temple Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk 119. Naugharana Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk 120. Residence West end of Kinari Bazar, Chandni

Chowk 121. Nawab Sahib’s Mosque Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk 122. Gateway Near Panchayti Jain Mandir 123. Residence Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk 124. Jain Temple 1541, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk 125. Jain Temple 1513, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk 126. Gate to Kucha-I-Ustad Hamid Kishan Gali Jama Masjid 127. Indraprastha Hindu Girls Senior Secondary

School Jama Masjid

128. Lal Mandir Chandni Chowk 129. Kasturba Janana Hospital Dariyaganj 130. Chatta Agha Jan Masjid Dariyaganj 131. Bridge Near Lahori Gate, Red Fort Red Fort 132. Baoli 158, Red Fort 133. Army Barracks Red Fort 134. Mosque of gaziuddin Khan Ajmeri Gate 135. Anglo-Arbic Public School Ajmeri Gate 136. Rehmani Masjid Ajmeri Gate 137. Commercial Building Ajmeri Gate 138. Residence 4642-4649, Ajmeri Gate 139. MCD Primary Boys School 290-295, Ajmeri Gate 140. Residence 4110-4141, Gali Shah Tara, Ajmeri

Gate 141. Guler Wali Masjid Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate

Appendix


A-13

S. No. Buildings Location 142. Unchi Masjid Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate 143. Masjid Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate 144. Residence 4346, Kuncha-I-Pandit, Ajmeri Gate 145. Residence 504, Kuncha Pati Ram, Ram Bazar

Sitaram 146. Nav Jyoti Public School 939, Kuncha Pati Ram Bazar Sitaram 147. Jain Mandir 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz

Qazi 148. Residence 901, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sitaram 149. Residence 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz

Qazi 150. Residence 834, Mohalla Imli, Bazar Sitaram 151. Holy trinity Church Turkman Gate 152. Badi Masjid Turkman Gate 153. Telion Ka Phatak Turkman Gate 154. Kalan Masjid Turkman Gate 155. Lal Darwaza Bazar Sita Ram 156. L. Madan Mashal Lal Ayurvedic Charitable

Dispensary Bazar Sita Ram

157. Haveli 2549, Churiwalan, Bazar Sita Ram 158. Municipal Corporation Ayurvedic Dispensary 1424, Bazar Sita Ram 159. Haksar Haveli Bazar Sita Ram 160. Bhartiya Bal Sadan Society Bazar Sita Ram 161. Dharamshala Lala Pyare Lal Madho Ram Bazar Sita Ram 162. Amrudwali Mosque Bazar Sita Ram 163. Residence 2837, Rehman Building, Bazar Sita

Ram 164. Anjuman Masjid Bazar Sita Ram, Chandni Chowk 165. Tomb of Shah Turkman Mohalla Qabrustan, Turkman Gate 166. Tomb Raziya Sultan Bulbuli Khana, Turkman Gate 167. Mosque Bazar MatMatya Mahal, Near Jama

Masjid 168. Mosque Shah Gulam Ali Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate 169. Dargah Shah Gulam Ali Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate 170. Residence 3460, Netaji Subhash Marg Daryaganj 171. Sunehri Masjid West of Netaji Subhash Marg

Daryaganj 172. Shri Digambar Jain Mandir Delhi Gate 173. Masjid Saiwali Kuncha Chetan, Daryaganj 174. Jain Temple & School Daryaganj 175. Hotel Moti Mahal Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 176. Residence and Commercial Building 4, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 177. Commercial Street 8-14, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 178. Residence and Commercial Building 15-16, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 179. Commercial Street 19-23, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 180. Street with 14 Buildings 26-40, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 181. Dargah Shah Shabir Baksh 5051, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 182. Masjid Beriwali 5052, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 183. Police Station Daryaganj 184. Residence, DCP Central Daryaganj 185. H.M. D.A.V Middle School Daryaganj 186. Shroff Eye Hospital Daryaganj 187. Hindi Park Housing Area Hindi Park, Daryaganj 188. Mosque Hindi Park, Daryaganj 189. City Wall South Darya Ganj Daryaganj 190. Mortello Tower Daryaganj

Appendix


A-14

S. No. Buildings Location 191. Residence Ansari Road, Daryaganj 192. Residence, Dr. Ansari House Ansari Road, Daryaganj 193. Phatak Habsh Khan Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri 194. Gateway Billimaran, Fatehpuri 195. Allahbad Bank Building Chandni Chowk 196. Town Hall Chandni Chowk 197. Company Bagh North of Town Hall 198. Gateway to Katra Nawab Chandni Chowk 199. State Bank of India Chandni Chowk 200. Residence 1222, Chandni Chowk 201. Mahabir Jain Bhawan 1417, Chandni Chowk 202. Haveli of Ahsanullah Khan Bazar Sikriwalan, Off Lal Kuan 203. Residence 5012, Phatak Bans, Lal Kuan 204. Residence 5051, Bazar Sikriwalan 205. Lal Kuan Bazar Lal Kuan 206. Residence 962, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram 207. Residence 505, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram Zone – B, Karol Bagh S. No. Buildings Location 1. Shikargah Jonti village, Kanjhaola 2. Haveli Jonti village, Kanjhaola 3. Well Jonti village, Kanjhaola 4. Temple Jonti village, Kanjhaola 5. Mukhal Tank Kanjhaola 6. Shivalya Jonti village, Kanjhaola 7. Milestone / Memorial Tikri Border, Rohtak Road 8. Ramjas S. S. School Anand Parbat 9. Tibbia College New Rohtak Road 10. Residence New Rohtak Road Opp. Tibbia College 11. Lal Masjid Northern end of Faiz Road Karon Bagh 12. Bari Masjid Bara Hindu Rao 13. MCD Co-Ed School Rani Jhansi Road, Bara Hindu Rao 14. MCD Dispensary Bara Hindu Rao 15. Shidion Ki Masjid Karol Bagh

Zone – C, Civil Lines S. No. Buildings Location

1. Tank Kuraini Village, Narela 2. Wall Mosque Kuraini Village, Narela 3. Memorial Azadpur Market, G. T. Road 4. Coronation Memorial Kingsway Camp 5. Coronation Bank Kingsway Camp 6. Embankment Majnu Ka Tila 7. Ammunition Store Mall Road, Civil Lines 8. Ammunition Store Mall Road, Civil Lines 9. Ammunition Store Brig. S. K. Majumdar Marg, Mall Road,

Civil Lines 10. Colonial Building, Majumdar Marg Engineers Office, Brig. S. K. Mall

Road, Civil Lines 11. Pathan Ki Masjid Mall Road, Civil Lines 12. Mosque G. T. Road, Opp. State Bank Colony,

Appendix


A-15

S. No. Buildings Location Delhi-7

13. Gateway of Mahaldhar Khan’s Garden G. T. Road 14. Gateway G. T. Road 15. Faculty of Arts Delhi University 16. Delhi University Office Delhi University 17. Gwyer Hall Delhi University 18. St. Stephen’ s College Delhi University 19. Chapel St. Stephen College 20. Principal’s Residence St. Stephen College 21. Guard House Hindu College 22. Old Secretariat Civil Line 23. I. P. College for Woman Civil Line 24. Defence Science Centre Ring Road, Vidha Sabha 25. National Institute of Communicable Diseases Civil Line 26. Meena Devi Jindal Medical Institute and

research centre Civil Line

27. Sant Parmanand Hospital Civil Line 28. Mosque of Shah Wajid Roshanara Garden 29. MCD Primary School Roshanara Garden 30. Residential Building Roshanara Garden 31. Dharamshala Sabzi Mandi 32. MCD Primary School Roshanara Road 33. Hindu Rao Hospital Civil Line 34. Methodist Church Tis Hazari 35. Queen Mary’s School Tis Hazari 36. Principal’s Residence Tis Hazari 37. Mosque Tis Hazari 38. St. Stephen’s Hospital Tis Hazari 39. St. Stephen’s Hospital Chapel Tis Hazari 40. Residence 10, Under Hill Road, Civil Line 41. Residence 8, Under Hill Road, Civil Line 42. Teacher Hostel Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 43. B. M. Ganga Girls School Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 44. Residence 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 45. Chapel 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 46. Delhi United Christian Sr. Sec. School Civil Line 47. Paulas Sadan Civil Line 48. St. Xavier’s School Civil Line 49. Butler Memorial Girls School Boulevard Road 50. Residence Boulevard Road 51. Residence North East of Stephen Hospital,

Boulevard Road 52. St. Stephen’s Community Centre Rajpur Road 53. St. Anne’s School Rajpur Road 54. Residence Court Road, Rajpur Road 55. Cambridge Brotherhood Court Lane, Civil Line 56. Hotel Oberoi Medians Civil Line 57. Exchange Store Civil Line 58. Residence 17, Sham Nath Marg 59. Canal Rest House Qudsia Bagh 60. Maharaja Agrasen Park Boulevard Road 61. Shia Masjid Mori Gate 62. Suiwali Masjid Mori Gate 63. Gulam Nabi’s Mosque Mori Gate 64. Burhya’s Mosque Mori Gate 65. Gulerwali Masjid Ram Bazar

Appendix


A-16

S. No. Buildings Location 66. Hamilton Road School Mori Gate 67. James Skinner’s House Kashmere Gate 68. Dargah Panja Sharif Kashmere Gate 69. Badrudin’s Grave Kashmere Gate 70. Residence Chotta Bazar, Kashmere Gate 71. Bengali Club Kashmere Gate 72. Kashmere Gate Market Kashmere Gate 73. NCC Office Kashmere Gate 74. Residence Lal Sultan Singh Estate, Kashmere

Gate 75. School Kashmere Gate 76. Lal Masjid Kashmere Gate 77. Colonnaded Building MCD Office, Kashmere Gate 78. Circular Baradari MCD Office, Kashmere Gate 79. Madarsaa Amima Islama Arbad Bara Bazar, Kashmere Gate 80. Ayurvedic Dispensary Kashmere Gate 81. Office of the Election Commission Kashmere Gate 82. Hamid Ali Khan’s Mosque Kashmere Gate 83. Kucheri Court for Traffic Offences Kashmere Gate 84. Water Bastion ISBT, Kashmere Gate 85. NCC Office Traffic Court, Kashmere Gate 86. Gallows Bastion Kashmere Gate 87. Office of Northern Railways Kashmere Gate 88. St. James Church Kashmere Gate 89. St. James Annexe Kashmere Gate 90. Skinner Family’s Cemetery Kashmere Gate 91. Delhi Collage of Engineering Kashmere Gate 92. Archeological Museum Kashmere Gate 93. Delhi Institute of Technology Kashmere Gate 94. Commemorative Column Lothian Road, Near Post Office 95. Post Office Kashmere Gate 96. Nigam Bodh Ghat Kashmere Gate 97. Northern Railway Officers Rest House Mukherjee Road 98. Lothian Bridge Mukherjee Road 99. Nili Chhatri Temple Yamuna Bazar 100. Jail Salimgarh Fort 101. Museum Salimgarh Fort 102. Ammunition Rooms Salimgarh Fort 103. Market Club Road off Boulevard Road

Zone – D, New Delhi S. No. Buildings Location

1. Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg 2. Lok Nayak Hospital Administrative Block Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg 3. Mosque Mehndiyan Near Mulana Azad Medical Collage 4. Nursery Mosque North Mulana Azad Medical Collage 5. Chaunsath Khamba West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage 6. Dargah West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage 7. Enclosure West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage 8. Memorial Mulana Azad Medical Collage 9. Jamiat Ulama Hind Masjid Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 10. Tomb of Shiekh Muhammad Sahib South of Vikas Marg 11. Mosque South of Vikas Marg (DDA) 12. Matka Pir Mathura Road South West Corner of

Appendix


A-17

S. No. Buildings Location Pragati Maidan

13. Hammam Purana Quila, Mathura Road 14. Tomb Delhi Zoo, Mathura Road 15. Azimganj Sarai National Zoological Park, Sundar

Nagar 16. Mosque Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg 17. Do Sariya Gumbad Nizamuddin Village 18. Tomb Nizamuddin Village 19. Gateway West of Nizamuddin Village 20. Gateway Nizamuddin Village 21. Khan-E-Dauran Khan’s Mosque Nizamuddin Village 22. Tomb Nizamuddin Village 23. Northern Gateway of Dargah Complex Nizamuddin 24. Tomb North West Corner of B Nizamuddin

Village 25. Chini Ka Burj Nizamuddin Village 26. Tomb of Bai Kodaldai Nizamuddin Village 27. Arcade Building Nizamuddin Village 28. Gateway to Inner Enclosure of Dargah Nizamuddin Village 29. Dalan of Itqad Khan Nizamuddin Village 30. Enclosure of Nawab Mustafa Khan Nizamuddin Village 31. Majlis Khans Nizamuddin 32. Jamaat Khana Mosque Nizamuddin 33. Tomb Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin 34. Dalan of Mirdha Ikran Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin 35. Langar Khana Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin 36. Eastern Gateway of Dargah Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin 37. Gateway of the House of Mirza Jahangir Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin 38. Residential Nizamuddin Village 39. Gateway of Leading to the tomb of Atgan

Khan Nizamuddin Village

40. Dalans Argah Khan’s Tomb Complex 41. Bari Ka Gumbad East of Argah Khan’s Tomb Complex 42. Gateway On the Main Entry from mathura

Road, Nizamuddin Village 43. Well East of Chaunsath Khamba,

Nizamuddin 44. Gateway North West Chaunsath Khamba 45. Mirza Galib’s Tomb Nizamuddin Village 46. Kali Masjid Nizamuddin Village 47. Gateway of Inner Kot Nizamuddin Village 48. Bastion of Inner Kot Nizamuddin Village 49. Tomb of Khan-I-Jahan Tilagani Nizamuddin Village 50. Wall of Inner Kot Nizamuddin Village 51. Shiv Mandir G-Block Nizamuddin West 52. Chakarwali Masjid At the Inter Section of Lodi Road and

Mathura Road 53. Tomb South of DPS Mathura Road 54. Wall Mosque South of DPS Mathura Road 55. Well Humayun’s Tomb Complex 56. Well Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin 57. Mosque Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin 58. Tomb Northern Side of Humayun’s Tomb 59. Grave Platform North Side of Humayun’s Tomb 60. Chilla Nizamuddin North Side of Humayun’s Tomb 61. Tomb of Sayyid Yasin Mathura Road, Nizamuddin

Appendix


A-18

S. No. Buildings Location 62. Gateway Nizamuddin East, Mathura Road 63. Western Gateway Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. 64. Residence Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. 65. Baoli & Well North of Mubarak Shah’s Tomb Kotla

Mubarakpur, South Ext. 66. South Gate of Kotla Mubarakpur Mubarak Shah’s Tomb Kotla

Mubarakpur, South Ext. 67. Gumti South of Caupal, Village Kotla

Mubarakpur 68. Bridge North West Edge of Kotla Mubarakpur 69. St. Paul Cathedral Hospital Marg, Bhogal 70. Mosque Masjid Marg, Bhogal 71. MCD Office Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat

Nagar 72. Shivalaya Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat

Nagar 73. Gateway of Temple Kilokari Village 74. Domed Building Kilokari Village 75. Tomb of Kale Khan Sarai Kale Khan 76. Gumti of Sheikh Ali Defence Colony 77. Gateway Defence Colony 78. Tomb of Basti Defence Colony 79. Mosque of Basti Defence Colony Zone – F, South Delhi S. No. Buildings Location 1. Temple NH-8, Naval Area, Rao Tula Ram Marg 2. Two temples Rao Tula Ram Marg 3. Tomb Rao Tula Ram Marg 4. Gateway CAMS Complex, Cantonment 5. Qasai Wala Gumbad Vasant Vihar 6. Mosque Vasant Vihar 7. Tomb Vasant Vihar 8. Baoli Vasant Vihar 9. Bara Lao Ka Gumbad Vasant Vihar 10. Tomb Known as Baradari Vasant Vihar 11. Mosque Basant Lok Market, Vasant Vihar 12. Garden Wall Vasant Vihar 13. Mosque DTC Depot, Vasant Vihar 14. Wall Mosque Sec-5, R. K. Puram 15. Wall Mosque Sec-5, R. K. Puram 16. Mosque Sec-5, R. K. Puram 17. Residence 214, Village Munirka 18. Malik Munirka Mosque 117, Village Munirka 19. Mosque Between Sec-3 & 4, R. K. Puram 20. Mosque of Haji Langa Sec-3, R. K. Puram 21. Haji Langa Gimbad Munirka 22. Gateway Sec-3, R. K. Puram 23. Tomb Sec-3, R. K. Puram 24. Tomb Mohmmadpur Village 25. Caupal Mohmmadpur Village 26. Tomb Mohmmadpur Village 27. Mosque Mohmmadpur Village 28. Domed Building Mohmmadpur Village

Appendix


A-19

S. No. Buildings Location 29. Well Humayunpur Village 30. Maluk Chand Ka Gumbad Humayunpur Village 31. Dalan Humayunpur Village 32. Gumti Humayunpur Village 33. Hauz Khas Tank Dist. Park, Safdurjung Encl. 34. Munda Gumbad Dist. Park, Hauz Khas 35. Idgah Hauz Khas Village 36. Turrent Hauz Khas Village 37. Plinth Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village 38. Mosque Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village 39. Kali Gumti Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village 40. Wall Mosque Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village 41. Tufewala Gumbad Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village 42. Well F-Block, Green Park 43. Barah Khamba Green Park 44. Structure Unknown Green Park 45. Enclosure Wall of Kharera Village Green Park 46. Mosque Kharera Village 47. Mosque of Darwesh Gulmorhar Park 48. Bridge Sirifort Residential Complex 49. Bulbulki Sirifort Residential Complex 50. Baradari Shahpur Jat Village 51. Building Masjid Moth, South Extn. – II 52. Gateway Masjid Moth 53. Tomb Gautam Nagar 54. Tomb Near L.S.R. Collage 55. Gateway Lala Lajpat Rai Marg 56. Tomb Zamroodpur Village 57. Tomb Zamroodpur Village 58. Tomb Zamroodpur Village 59. Tomb Near House No. 88, Zamroodpur

Village 60. Tomb Lane 62, Zamroodpur Village 61. Mahavir Library N Block, G. K. Part-I 62. Gateway Kalkaji Mandir 63. Kalka Mandir Kalkaji 64. Dharamshala Kalkaji Mandir, Kalkaji 65. Bund Mahipalpur Village 66. Mahal Mahipalpur Village 67. Ruins Mahipalpur Village 68. Ruins Sec-C, Pkt-9, Vasant Kunj 69. Enclosure Wall Vasant Kunj 70. Ruins Vasant Kunj 71. Tomb Katwariasarai Village 72. Dalan Katwariasarai Village 73. Khangah Sarvpriya Vihar 74. Mosque Kalu Sarai Village 75. Chaupal Kalu Sarai Village 76. Gateway of Moqsue Adchini Village 77. Mosque Adchini Village 78. Gateway Adchini Village 79. Wall Mosque Malviya Nagar 80. Wall Mosque Malviya Nagar 81. Wall Mosque Lal Gumbad Complex 82. Wall Mosque Malviya Nagar 83. Wall Mosque Malviya Nagar

Appendix


A-20

S. No. Buildings Location 84. Mahal Malviya Nagar 85. Mosque Malviya Nagar 86. Enclosure Malviya Nagar 87. Enclosure Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 88. Dukh Bhajan Gurudwara Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 89. Kharbuze Ka Gumbad Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 90. Tomb of Shiekh Allauddin Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 91. Tomb Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 92. Tomb Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 93. Tomb of Shiekh Salauddin Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 94. Mosque Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 95. Mosque Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 96. Tomb Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 97. Tomb Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 98. Majlis Khana Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I 99. Mosque Khirki Village

100. Mosque Khirki Village 101. Tomb of Sheikh Usman Saiyan Khirki Village 102. Lal Gumbad II Panchsheel Enclave 103. Madarsa Zeenatul Panchsheel Enclave 104. Northern Gateway of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Village 105. Circular Bastion and Chattri Chirag Delhi Village 106. Eastern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi 107. Southern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi 108. Western Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi 109. Eastern Gateway of Inner Enclosure Chirag Delhi 110. Tomb of Roshan Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi 111. Mosque of Faruksiyar Chirag Delhi 112. Tomb Chirag Delhi 113. Tomb of Shiekh Zainuddin Chirag Delhi 114. Tomb of the Grand Daughter of Shiekh Farid

Shakarganj Chirag Delhi

115. Mosque Chirag Delhi 116. Mehfil Khana Chirag Delhi 117. Tomb Chirag Delhi 118. An Enclosure Chirag Delhi 119. Tomb Chirag Delhi 120. Majlis Khana Chirag Delhi 121. Grave Enclosure Chirag Delhi 122. Gateway Chirag Delhi 123. Pahar Chirag Delhi 124. Gateway Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi 125. Tomb Chirag Delhi 126. Tomb of Haji Khanam Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi 127. Turret Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi 128. Jain Temple Near House No. 341, Chirag Delhi 129. Hanuman Temple Chirag Delhi 130. Kos Minar Mathura Road 131. Tomb M. B. Road, Lado Sarai 132. Tomb Lado Sarai 133. Mosque Lado Sarai 134. Tomb of Sheikh Haidar M. B. Road 135. Residence Saidulajab Village 136. Plinth of Mosque Saidulajab Village 137. Roof Press Enclave 138. Tomb – Kala Gumbad Tuglakabad Institutional Area

Appendix


A-21

S. No. Buildings Location 139. Well Tuglakabad Institutional Area 140. Plinth and Well Tuglakabad Fort 141. Embankment Tuglakabad Fort 142. Kos Minar Badarpur Sarai 143. Northern Gateway Badarpur Sarai 144. Central Gateway Badarpur Sarai 145. Shahi Masjid Badarpur Sarai 146. Southern Gateway Badarpur Sarai 147. Kos Minar Mathura Road 148. Qutab Guest House Mehrauli 149. The form house restaurant Mehrauli 150. Metcalfe’s Folly 1, 2 Mehrauli 151. Colonial Buildings Mehrauli 152. Mosque Mehrauli 153. Chaumukha Darwaza Mehrauli 154. Anagtal Lalkot Excavation 155. Residence Ward-I, Mehrauli 156. Mosque of Wafab Shah Mehrauli 157. Mehrauli Public Library Mehrauli 158. Haveli Ward-1, Mehrauli 159. Residence Ward-1, Mehrauli 160. Temple of Jogmaya Ward-1, Mehrauli 161. Priest’s Residence Ward-1, Mehrauli 162. Residence 10/6, Ward-1, Mehrauli 163. Baradari at Jog Maya Temple 10/4, Ward-1, Mehrauli 164. Primary School Ward-1, Mehrauli 165. Residence 6653, Ward-1, Mehrauli 166. Residence 10/8, Mehrauli 167. Prachin Sidh Shri Hanuman Mandir Mehrauli 168. St. John Church Complex Mehrauli 169. Mosque of Quazian Near Mehrauli 170. Primary Health Centre Mehrauli 171. MCD House Tax Office and Vocational

Training Centre Ward-1, Mehrauli

172. Wall Mosque Ward-1, Mehrauli 173. Gateway 1081, Ward-1, Mehrauli 174. Residence 1018, Ward-1, Mehrauli 175. Original Gateway of Dargah Sharif Ward-1, Mehrauli 176. Residence 994, Ward-7, Mehrauli 177. Noorie Masjid 965, Ward-7, Mehrauli 178. Dilkusha Mosque Mehrauli 179. Residence 324, Ward-4, Mehrauli 180. Residence 299, Ward-4, Mehrauli 181. Residence 300, Ward-4, Mehrauli 182. Residence 294, Ward-4, Mehrauli 183. Well Ward-4, Mehrauli 184. Residence 445, Ward-3, Mehrauli 185. Residential Street 431-436, Ward-3, Mehrauli 186. Residence 260, Ward-2, Mehrauli 187. Residence Gatewayof Mohalla 450, Ward-3, Mehrauli 188. Residence 341, Ward-4, Mehrauli 189. Residence 341, Ward-4, Mehrauli 190. Residence 254, Ward-4, Mehrauli 191. Residence 359, Ward-4, Mehrauli 192. Residence 535, Ward-5, Mehrauli 193. Chowk Ward-5,Mehrauli

Appendix


A-22

S. No. Buildings Location 194. Residence 554, Ward-5, Mehrauli 195. Residence 646, Ward-5, Mehrauli 196. Residence 667, Ward-5, Mehrauli 197. Residence 515, Ward-5, Mehrauli 198. Shop cum Residence 494, Ward-6, Mehrauli 199. Chaupal Ward-6, Mehrauli 200. Sarai Wall Masjid Ward-7, Mehrauli 201. Shop cum Residence 796, Ward-6, Mehrauli 202. Gateway Leading to Residential Cluster 802, Ward-6, Mehrauli 203. Gateway 936, Ward-7, Mehrauli 204. Residence 813, Ward-6, Mehrauli 205. Residence 435, Ward-6, Mehrauli 206. Commercial cum Residential Street Ward-6,Mehrauli 207. Hazi Jamal-ud-din building 877, Ward-6, Mehrauli 208. Residence Behind 877,Ward-7, Mehrauli 209. Gateway Ward-6, Mehrauli 210. Hijron Ka Khangah Ward-6, Mehrauli 211. Shop cum Residence 848, Ward-8, Mehrauli 212. Veterinary Clinic 882, Ward-6, Mehrauli 213. Kali Chand Building 895, Ward-8, Mehrauli 214. Mosque Ward-6, Mehrauli 215. Tomb Mehrauli 216. Dargah of Hazrat Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhadis

Dahivi Mehrauli

217. Dalan Adjacent to Grave of Sayyid Niyaz Muhammad

Mehrauli

218. Naalnandon-ki-masjid Mehrauli 219. Godown Ward-6, Mehrauli 220. Sarai of Sheikh Inayatullah 893,Ward-8, Mehrauli 221. Tomb 892,Ward-8, Mehrauli 222. Hauz-I-Shamsi Ward-8, Mehrauli 223. Two Mosque Ward-8, Mehrauli 224. Tomb Ward-8, Mehrauli 225. Auilya Masjid Ward-8, Mehrauli 226. Jhama Ward-8, Mehrauli 227. Pankhe Wale Mosque Mehrauli 228. Mosque of Mulana Jamli Ward-8, Mehrauli 229. Mosque & Tomb Ward-8, Mehrauli 230. Mosque Ward-8, Mehrauli 231. Mosque Ward-8, Mehrauli 232. Tomb & Mosque of Makhdam Samauddin Ward-8, Mehrauli 233. Gateway / Tomb Mehrauli 234. Northern Gateway of Dargah of Qutab Sahib Mehrauli 235. Dargah and Mazar of Saika Baba Mehrauli 236. Gateway of Maulana Fakhruddin Mehrauli 237. Residence Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli 238. Mosque Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli 239. Grave & Mosque Motamad Khan Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli 240. Tomb of Maluna Fakhruddin Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli 241. First Gateway of Farrukhsiyar Dargah of Qutab Shah, Mehrauli 242. Inner Gateway of Farrukhsiyar Dargah of Qutab Shah 243. Dargah of Khawaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar

Kaki Dargah of Qutab Shah

244. Tomb of Khwaja Abdul Aziz Bastami Dargah of Qutab Shah 245. Mazar of Hazrat Qazi Hammeduddin Nagauri Dargah of Qutab Shah 246. Mosque & Grave of Zabita Khan Dargah of Qutab Shah

Appendix


A-23

S. No. Buildings Location 247. Mosque of Qutab Sahib Dargah of Qutab Shah 248. Baoli of Qutab Sahib Dargah of Qutab Shah 249. Majlis Khana Dargah of Qutab Shah 250. Graveyard Dargah of Qutab Shah 251. Gateway Dargah of Qutab Shah 252. Grave of Murad Bakht Dargah of Qutab Shah 253. Tomb Dargah of Qutab Shah 254. Entrance Gateway Dargah of Qutab Shah 255. Gultashi Wali Masjid Dargah of Qutab Shah 256. Gateway Dargah of Qutab Shah 257. House of Mirza Babar Ward-8, Mehrauli 258. Walled Garden Ward-8, Mehrauli 259. Tomb Exclusive Ward-7, Mehrauli 260. Tomb Ward-7, Mehrauli 261. Tomb of Sheikh Suleman Ward-7, Mehrauli 262. Tomb Ward-7, Mehrauli 263. Gateway Ward-7, Mehrauli 264. Gateway 1003, Ward-7, Mehrauli 265. Metcalfe’s Boathouse DDA Park, Mehrauli 266. Gatepost DDA Park, Mehrauli 267. Well DDA Park, Mehrauli 268. Well DDA Park, Mehrauli 269. Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli 270. Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli 271. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 272. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 273. Walled Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli 274. Two Arched Dalans DDA Park, Mehrauli 275. Colonned DDA Park, Mehrauli 276. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 277. Mosque & Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli 278. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 279. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 280. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 281. Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli 282. Arched Dalans DDA Park, Mehrauli 283. Walled Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 284. Canopy DDA Park, Mehrauli 285. Walled Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 286. Ruins Balban’s Tomb 287. Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli 288. Dalan DDA Park, Mehrauli 289. Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli 290. Wall DDA Park, Mehrauli 291. Tomb Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli 292. Tomb of Khan Sahib DDA Park, Mehrauli 293. Stables DDA Park, Mehrauli 294. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 295. Arched Dalans DDA Park, Mehrauli 296. Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli 297. Tomb DDA Park, Mehrauli 298. Mosque of Mulana Majduddin DDA Park, Mehrauli 299. Guard House DDA Park, Mehrauli 300. Domed Building DDA Park, Mehrauli 301. Ashoka Mission DDA Park, Mehrauli 302. Bhagichi Ka Masjid DDA Park, Mehrauli

Appendix


A-24

S. No. Buildings Location 303. Mosque Lado Sarai, Mehrauli 304. Plinth of Wall Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 305. Takya of Kamli Shah Lado Sarai, Mehrauli 306. Gateway Mehrauli 307. Mosque and Domed Building Mehrauli 308. Mosque Ward-8, Mehrauli 309. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 310. Chihaltan Chihalman DDA Park, Mehrauli 311. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 312. Enclosure DDA Park, Mehrauli 313. Sohan Burj DDA Park, Mehrauli 314. Mosque & Domed Gateway DDA Park, Mehrauli 315. Plinth of Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 316. Mosque DDA Park, Mehrauli 317. Idgah Mehrauli 318. Tomb Near Idgah, Mehrauli 319. Tomb of Sheikh Shihabuddin Near Idgah, Mehrauli 320. Platform Mehrauli 321. Chillagah Mehrauli 322. Mosque Badarpur Road, Mehrauli 323. Metcalfe’s Folly 3 Mahipalpur Road, Mehrauli 324. Baoli Mahipalpur Road, Mehrauli 325. Dadabari Jain Mandir Mehrauli 326. Ruin of Arch Andheria More, Mehrauli 327. Saubate Tomb Kishangarh, Mehrauli 328. Enclosure Walls Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli 329. Mosque Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli 330. Gateway Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli 331. Enclosure Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli 332. Wall Mosque Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli 333. Ruins Kishangarh Pahari, Mehrauli 334. Embankment Sultanpur 335. Baoli Sultanpur 336. Unnamed Ward-8, Mehrauli 337. Unknown Structure DDA Park, Mehrauli 338. Building Unknown DDA Park, Mehrauli Zone – G, South Delhi S. No. Buildings Location 1. Delhi Gate, Najafgarh Najafgarh 2. Jami Mosque Najafgarh 3. Residential-cum-Commercial Najafgarh Main Street 4. Residential-cum-Commercial Najafgarh 5. Dharamshala Near Temple Chowk, Najafgarh 6. Residence Najafgarh, Adjacent to Arya Samaj

Mandir 7. Well Police Station, Najafgarh 8. Mosque Police Station Compound , Najafgarh 9. Haveli Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh 10. Domed Chattri Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh 11. Samadhi of Mitra Sen Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh 12. Temple Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh 13. Haveli Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh 14. Ruins of Haveli Mitraon Village, West of Najafgarh

Appendix


A-25

S. No. Buildings Location 15. Dalan Main Highway, Mitraon Village 16. Tomb of Rana Sahib East of Najafgarh 17. Minar Hasthsal village, West of Vikaspuri 18. Hati Khana Hasthsal village 19. Dalans Hasthsal village 20. Residence Pehladpur Village, Palam Road, Near

Air Force Museum 21. Residence Pehladpur Village, Palam Road 22. Residence Pehladpur Village, Palam Road 23. Tomb of Sohel Adjacent to Indira Gandhi

International Airport 24. Gateway Mehram Nagar, Opp. Indira Gandhi

Airport 25. Mosque Mehram Nagar, Opp. Indira Gandhi

Airport 26. Eastern Gateway Mehram Nagar, Domestic Airport 27. Enclosure Walls Sarai Mehram Nagar, Opp. Domestic

Nagar 28. Katra North Mehram Nagar 29. Garden of Mehram Khan North Mehram Nagar

Zone – H, North Delhi S. No. Buildings Location 1. Well District Park, Adjacent to Police

Station, Shalimar Bagh 2. Wall Swami Naraan Road, Shastri Nagar 3. Police New Clothing Depot Shahzada Bagh, Old Rohtak Road 4. Ruins Ring Road, Shakurpur

Appendix


A-26

APPENDIX-3

HCC List of Buildings having Architectural (Ar), Archaeological (Arcg) & Historic (H) values in NDMC Area and their State of Preservation

OWNER ASI S. No. Name of the

Building Location Date Function Value Status B-Page State of

Preservation Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j 1. Shikargarh Teen Murti

House Tughlaq Formerly

Hunt Lodge At Present Monument

Arch-A P 215 Good

2. Lal bangle-1 Delhi Golf House

1779-80 Tomb Arch-A P 228 Fair Should be G-I

3. Mosque Safdarjung’s Tomb

1750 Formerly Mosque At Present Not in Use

Arch-A P 241 Fair Should be G-I

4. Safdurjung’s Tomb West of Crossing of Aurobindo Marg and Lodhi Road

1753 Formerly Madarsa At present Monument


5. Tomb of Muhamad Shah Sayyid

Lodhi Garden

1443-40 Tomb Arch-A P 249 Good Should be G-I

6. Bara Gimbad Lodhi Garden

1494 Formerly Gate way At present Monument

Arch-A P 250 Good Should be G-I

7. Mosque Lodhi Garden

1494 Formerly Mosque At present Monument

Arch-A P 250 Good but tile work is disappearing

Should be G-I

8. Arched Building Lodhi 1494 Formerly Arch-A P 251 Fair Should be G-I

Appendix


A-27

S. No. Name of the Building

Location Date Function Value Status B-Page State of Preservation

Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j Garden Attached to

Mosque At present Monument

9. Shish Gumbad Lodhi Garden

Lodhi Tomb Arch-A P 251 Fair Should be G-I

10. Tomb of Sikandar Lodhi Garden

1517-18 Enclosure Walls


11. Athpula Lodhi Garden

Akbar Period Bridge Arch-A P 254 Fair Should be G-I

12. Bistadari Mahal Bistadari Road Southern Ridge Sardar Patel Mar

Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s Reign

Formerly Hunt Lodge At present Residence

Arcg-B P 213 Unknown

13. Yantar Mantar Parliament Street

1710 Astronomi Observatory

Arch-A P 162 to 165 Signs of Deterioration

Should be G-I

14. Agrasen Ki Baoli Heiley Road Pre-Lodhi Formerly Step-well At present Monument

Arch-A P 172 Rapid Deterioration since mid 1980s.

The adjacent high rise structure have

harmed the general setting of

the complex

Should be G-I

15. Khairul Manzil Masjid

Subramanya Bharti Marg, Mathura Road

1561-62 Formerly Mosque At present Monument

Arch-A P 207 Signs of Deterioration The

mosque & the compartments

which surround the country yard need

urgent repair

Should be G-I

16. Lal Darwaza Mathura Road Opp. Zoo Entry

Ely-16th Century

Formerly Gate way At present Monument

Arch-A P 207 Signs of Deterioration Much shoring work has been done on the

Should be G-I

Appendix


A-28



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j rear of the curtain

walls 17. Lal Bangla-II Delhi Golf

Club 1780 Tomb Arch-A P 229 Signs of

Deterioration Should be G-I

18. Tomb of Najaf Khan

W- of Lodhi Colony

1782 Tomb Arch-A P 249 Signs of Deterioration

Should be G-I

19. Mosque Hailey Road Lodhi Mosque Arcg-B P 172 Serious Deterioration

20. Mosque Hailey Road L-Mughal Formerly Mosque

Arcg-B P 253 Signs of Deterioration

21. Tomb National Stadium Opp. High Court

1540 Formerly Tomb At present Monument

Arcg-B P 203 Serious Deterioration

22. Gate way Lodhi Garden

L-Mughal Formerly Gate way At present Monument

Arcg-B P 252 Signs of Deterioration.

Some conservation work has recently

been done through. Not very sensitively

remnants of painted design on

inner walls are still visible

23. Turret Lodhi Garden

Lodhi Turret Arcg-B UP 252 Signs of Deterioration

Appendix


A-29

OWNER STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Barah Khamba Delhi Golf

Club Tughlaq Tomb Arcg-A P 232 Serious

Deterioration Should be G-I

2. Tomb East of National Stadium, near Gate no. 5, opp. Talagi Gate

1540s Tomb Arcg-B P 206 Signs of Deterioration

3. Tomb of Sayyid Abidi

Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar to south of Lal Bangla

1626 Tomb Arcg-B P 230 Signs of Deterioration

4. Tomb Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar

Early Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 232 Signs of Deterioration Trees growing near the walls

5. Tomb Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar

Late Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 233 Signs of Deterioration

6. Mir Taqu’s tomb Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar

Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 233 Signs of Deterioration Trees Growing near the walls Plaster has come off & needs to be replased

7. Vaulted Tomb Delhi Golf Course, Opp. Kakanagar

Mughal Tomb Arcg-B P 231 Good

Appendix


A-30

OWNER NDMC S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Teen Murti Statue Opp. Teen

Murti House 1922 Memorial

Statue Ar-B P 213 Fair

2. Gate way Lodhi Garden, Amrita Shergil Marg

1930 Gate way Ar-C UP 254 Good

3. Grave Platform North of Central Vista

Late Mughal Graves Arcg-C UP 195 Good

4. India Gate LBZ, Central Vista

1931 War Memorial

Arcg-C UP 200 Good Should be G-I Should be protected Doubt in Ownership Stated NDMC?

5. India Gate Canopy LBZ, Central Vista

1936 Arcg-C UP 200 Fair Should be G-I Should be protected Doubt in Ownership Stated NDMC?

6. N. P. Boys Senior Secondary School

Mandir Marg 1940 School Ar-B UP 151 Fair Should be G-I Should be protected Doubt in Ownership Stated NDMC?

7. Embankment Talkatora Garden

Late Mughal Arcg-B UP 187 Serious Deterioration

8. Mosque Lodhi Garden between the Bara Gumbad & Muhammad

Mughal Formerly Mosque

Arcg-B UP 255 Serious Deterioration

Appendix


A-31



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j Shah’s Tomb

9. Mosque Eastern end Karbala adjacent to eastern entrance of Karbal ground

Late Mughal Formerly Mosque

Arcg-C UP 247 Serious Deterioration

10. Mosque Kamal Ataturk Road near R. C. Club

1930 Bridge Ar-C UP 238 Serious Deterioration

11. Pedestrian Bridge Over Drain Kamal Ataturk Road

1930 Bridge Ar-C UP 239 Serious Deterioration

OWNER MCD S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Gate way Panch Kaun

Road 1691 Gate Way Arcg-B UP 152 Serious

Deterioration Should be G-I & Protected

Appendix


A-32

OWNER WAKF BOARD S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Mosque Dargah

Complex Panchkuan Road

Late Mughal Formerly Mosque

Arcg-B UP 153 Fair

2. Sunehri Masjid Sunehri Bag Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 195 Fair The courtyard has been covered with tin sheet

3. Baghwali Masjid South end of Pandar Road

Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 227 Good

4. Masjid Rakab Ganj Church Kane Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-C UP 189 Fair 5. Masjid Mejeedia Aurangzeb

Road Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-C UP 224 Fair

6. Karbala Jorbagh 1759-1806 Formerly Religious At Present Nursery

Arcg-C UP 248 Fair

7. Mosque, Masjid Zubata Gunj

South of Central Vista

Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 199 Signs of Deterioration

8. Mosque Kakanagar Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 227 Signs of Deterioration

9. Grave Enclosure Kakanagar adjacent to NDMC Primary School

1245 Grave Enclosure


10. Mosque Delhi Golf Club along east wall

1245 Formerly Mosque At Present Not in Use


11. Tomb East of Hotel Oberoi

Lodhi Formerly Tomb At Present Base for Hoarding


Appendix


A-33



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j 12. Mosque R. K. Ashram

Road Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-C UP 153 Deterioration

13. Mosque Blind School Lodhi Road

Mughal Formerly Tomb Now Res. Tailoring


14. Mosque Race Course Road

Late Mughal Mosque Arcg-B UP 239 Signs of Deterioration

15. Gate way Northern Gate way of Dargah of Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony

1815 Gate way Arch-C UP 242 Signs of Deterioration

Appendix


A-34

OWNER DELHI POLICE S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Police Station Parliament

Street 1930 Police

Station Ar-B UP 166 Signs of

Deterioration

2. Police Station Tughlaq Road

1930 Police Station

Ar-B UP 221 Signs of Deterioration

3. Police Station Mandir Marg 1930 Police Station

Ar-C UP 150 Signs of Deterioration

OWNER POST & TELEGRAPH S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Gol Dak Khana Baba Kharak

Singh Marg 1930 G.P.O Ar-B UP 154 Fair Should be G-

I 2. Central Telegraph

Office Eastern Court

Janpath 1920 Formerly Hostel for Legislator now CTO

Ar-B UP 169 Fair, Some alterations have been done

Should be brought back to it’s original statement Should be G-I

Appendix


A-35

OWNER GOVERNMENT S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Building within

the President’s Estate

President’s Estate

1914-31 Ar-A UP 190 Good? It is understood that at maintenance is not good should be G-I. Should be protected

2. Jaipur Column In front of Rashtrapati Bhawan

1930 Ar-A UP 190 Good Should be G-I. Should be protected

3. North & South Block

LBZ, Central Vista

1930 Office Ar-A UP 191 Fair Should be G-I. Should be protected

4. Parliament House LBZ, Central Vista

1920 Parliament Ar-A UP 192 Fair Should be G-I. Should be protected

5. Central Vista LBZ, Central Vista

1931 Ar-A UP 192 ???? Should be G-I. Should be protected

6. Travancore House

Kasturba Gandhi Marg

Formerly Palace Now Bank

Ar-A UP 197 Fair Kerala Govt. (once tried to be demolished but prevented)

7. Hyderabad House Near India Gate Circle

1926-8 Formerly Palace office off. Banquet

Ar-A UP 201 Good Should be G-I. Should be protected

8. Baroda House Near India Gate Circle

1936 Formerly Palace N. Rly. Off.

Ar-A UP 201 Fair Rly., New building have come up in the erstwhile garden Should be G-I. Should be protected

9. Jaipur House Near India Gate Circle

1936 Formerly Palace Now NAGMA

Ar-A UP 202 Fair Extended at rear Min. of HRD Should be G-I Should be protected

10. Bikaner House Near India Gate Circle

1938-9 Formerly Palace Now Office

Ar-A UP 205 Fair Should be G-I. Should be protected

Appendix


A-36



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j Govt. of Rajasthan

11. Teen Murti House Teen Murti MArg 1930 Nehru Memorial Museum

Ar-A H-A

UP 215 Good

12. Kashmir House Rajaji Marg 1930 Formerly Palatial Res. Now Army Office

Ar-A UP 216 Fair Army

13. Lady Hardinge Medical Collage

Shahed Bhagat Singh Marg

1920 Collage Ar-B UP 157 Fair But Over Use Poss a Threat

14. Kerala House Jantar Mantar Road

1927 Formerly Palatial Bldg. Now Office

Ar-B UP 167 Good Kerala Govt.

15. Western Court Janpath 1920 Hostel for Parliament- arian

Ar-B UP 170 Good

16. Bahalpur House Sikandar Road 1939 Formerly Palace Res. At present National School of Drama

Ar-B UP 179 Fair Many internal modifications have been made. Landuse in MPD-2001 C/SC

17. Dr. R. M. L. Hospital

Willington Crescent

1930 Hospital Ar-B UP 188 Fair Has Architectural merit & is part of the original plan of Delhi

18. Dominion Columns

Near South Block

1930 Commemorative Col.

Ar-B UP 191 Good Should be G-I. Should be protected

19. All India Radio Building

Sansad Marg 1940 Off. Of Transmission Centre

Ar-B UP 194 Fair Should be G-I. Should be protected. Min. of I&B

20. Faridkot House Copernicus Marg 1938 Formerly Palace Now Office

Ar-B UP 198 Fair

21. National Stadium LBZ, Central Vista

1933 Stadium Ar-B UP 202 Fair

22. Indira Gandhi Memorial

Safdarjung Road 1930 Formerly Residence Now Memorial

Ar-B H-A

UP 216 Fair

23. Vice President House

Maulana Azad Road

1920 Residence Ar-B UP 218 Not Known Should be G-I. Should be protected

Appendix


A-37



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j 24. Gandhi Sadan

Smriti Tees January Marg

1930 Gandhi Memorial Ar-B H-A

UP 219 Fair Should be G-I. Should be protected

25. Naval Officer’s Mess

Shahjahan Road 1938 Mess Ar-B UP 221 Fair Indian Navy

26. Darbhanga House 7, Man Singh Road

1930 Formerly Palace, Now Office

Ar-B UP 222 Fair

27. Kapurthala Hous 3, Man Singh Road

1940 Formerly Palatial Bldg Now Guest House

Ar-B UP 223 Fair Govt. of Punjab

28. Kashmir House (2)

Prithviraj Road 1930 Formerly Palace Now J&K Art Emp.

Ar-B UP 225 Fair J&K Govt.

29. Jaisalmer House Man Singh Road 1939 Formerly Palace Now Office

Ar-C UP 222 Fair

30. National Archieves

Janpath 1920 GOI Record Office

Ar-A UP 194 Signs of Deterioration

Should be G-I. Should be protected

31. Patiala House N-W India Gate 1938 Formerly Palace, Now Court

Ar-A UP 202 Signs of Deterioration

32. Tehri – Garhwal House

5, Bhagwan Das Road

Formerly Palace. Now Residence

Ar-B UP 199 Signs of Deterioration

33. Minto Bridge Minto Road 1933 Rly. Bridge Ar-B UP 171 Signs of Deterioration

Northern Railway

OWNER CHURCH OF NORTH INDIA S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Cathedral Church

of Redemption Church Road 1935 Church Ar-A UP 188 Good Church of North

India 2. St. Thomas

Church Mandir Marg 1931-2 Church Ar-B UP 150 Fair Church of North

India 3. Free Church Parliament

Street 1927 Church Ar-B UP 166 Fair Church of North

India

Appendix


A-38

OWNER PUBLIC TRUST & HEALTH S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Scred Heart

Chathedral Ashoka Place 1934 Church Ar-A UP 155 Good

2. Lal Diwan Chand Trust House

2, Jain Mandir Road

1926 Formerly Residence

Ar-A UP 160 Fair Existence to be checked ?

3. Gymkhana Club Between RC Road & Safdarjung Road

1928 Club Ar-A UP 218 Fair Should be G-I, Should be protected

4. Laxmi Narain Temple (Birla Mandir)

Mandir Marg 1933 Temple Ar-B UP 151 Fair Trust

5. St. Columbas School

Ashoka Place 1930 School Ar-B UP 155 Fair

6. Burman Residence

Jain Mandir Road

1939 Residence Ar-B UP 160 Good Private

7. Regal, Revoli Building

Outer Circle Connaught Place

1930 Commercial Ar-B UP 161 Fair Multiple Owner

8. ECE House Connaught Place

1930 Bank, Off. Ar-B UP 170 Fair Private

9. Modern School Barakhamba Road

1930 School Ar-B UP 173 Good Trust

10. Embassy of Nepal Barakhamba Road

1940 Nepal Embassy Ar-B UP 179 Good Private

11. Lady Irwin Collage

Sikandara Road

1930 Collage Ar-B UP 180 Good Public Landuse in MPD-2001 C/SC

12. Residence 5, Sikandara Road

1940 Residence Ar-B UP 180 Fair Private Landuse in MPD-2001 C/SC

Appendix


A-39



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j 13. Somerville School 26, Firozshah

Road 1930 Formerly

Residence Now School ?????

Ar-B UP 197 Fair Presently Residence of Shri Susil Ansal

14. Lady Irwin Senior Secondary School

Canning Road

Early 20th Centaury

School Ar-B UP 198 Fair Trust

15. Hungarian Cultural Centre, Baikunth

Janpath and Tees January Marg

1933 Formerly Residence Now Cultural Centre

Ar-B UP 219 Good Private

16. Sujjan Singh Park Subramanya Bharti Marg

1945 Residential Flats Ar-B UP 225 Fair Private

17. St. Thomas School

Mandir Marg 1935 School Ar-C UP 149 Fair Trust

18. Imperial Hotel Janpath 1930 Hotel ? UP 169 Good Private 19. Scindia House Outer Circle,

Cannaught Place

1930-40 Commercial Ar-C UP 171 Fair Private

20. Patani House 5, Man Singh Road

1940 Residence Ar-C UP 223 Fair Private

21. New Delhi Cemetery

Prithvi Raj Road

1920 Cemetery Ar-C UP 224 Fair Delhi Cemetery Committee

22. Chota Mandir Jain Mandir Late Mughal

Temple Arcg-B UP 159 Fair Trust

23. Qadam Sharif Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony

1756-60 Dargah Arcg-B H-B

UP 244 Fair Should be G-I. Should be Protected

24. Majlis Khana Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhir Colony

1750 Monument Arcg-B UP 245 Good Should be G-I. Should be Protected

25. Bibi Ka Rauza Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhir Colony

Late Mughal

Shrine Arcg-B UP 245 Fair Should be G-I. Should be Protected

Appendix


A-40



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j 26. Mosque Dargah Shahi

Mardan, Lodhir Colony

1750 Mosque Arcg-B UP 246 Good Should be G-I. Should be Protected

27. Bara Mandir Jain Mandir Road

Late Mughal

Temple Arcg-C UP 159 Fair Trust

28. Temple Near Jantar Mantar

Late Mughal

Temple Arcg-C UP 165 Fair Trust

29. Dargah West of Mathura Road to the South of NSC

Late Mughal

Dargah Arcg-C UP 205 Fair Should be G-I. Should be Protected

30. Well Outside East Well Safdarjung’s Tomb

1753 Formerly Well Now Filled up

Arcg-C UP 241 Fair ????

31. Mosque Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony

Late Mughal

Formerly Mosque Now Residence

Arcg-C UP 243 Fair Should be G-I. Should be protected

32. Gateway Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony

Mughal Gate Way Arcg-C UP 244 Fair

33. Tomb of Arif Ali Shah

Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony

Late Mughal

Tomb Arcg-C UP 247 Fair

34. Hanuman MAndir BKS Marg Mughal Temple H-B UP 161 Fair Trust 35. Dargah of Hasan

Rasul Numa Panchkuan Road

1691 Formerly Dargah Now Residence

Arcg-B UP 152 Signs of Deterioration

36. Memorial canopy LHMC 1930 Canopy Arcg-B UP 158 Signs of Deterioration

37. Jain Happy School

LHMC Late Mughal

Formerly Temple Now School


38. Gateway Lal Bangla

Delhi Golf Club

Late Mughal

Landscape Element


39. Gate Way Entrance of Lodhi Presently Tea Arcg-B UP 236 Signs of

Appendix


A-41



Remarks

a b c d e f g h i j Hotel Oberai Stall Deterioration

40. Lal Masjid Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony

Late Mughal

Mosque Arcg-B UP 243 Serious Deterioration

41. Tomb of Mah Khanan

Karbala Jorbagh

1726 Tomb Arcg-B UP 248 Signs of Deterioration

42. Plinth Delhi Golf Club

Mughal Unknown Arcg-C UP 231 Signs of Deterioration

43. Gate way Dargah Shahi Mardan, Lodhi Colony West Side of Dargah

Mughal Gate Way Arcg-C UP 246 Signs of Deterioration

44. Connaught Place Connaught Circus

Connaught Place

1933 Commercial Ar-A UP 162 Signs of Deterioration

Multiple Owner

45. Gol Market SBS Marg, Connaught Place

1920 Market Ar-B UP 154 Signs of Deterioration

Multiple Owner

46. Sadar Vallabh Bhai Patel Smarak Trust Bldg

7, Jantar Mantar Road

1920 Formerly Residence Now Office

Ar-B H-C

UP 167 Signs of Deterioration

Trust ???

47. Gate Way of Bldg On Road Connt. Janpath and Jantar Mantar

1920 Gate Way Ar-B UP 168 Poor

48. Free Masons’ Hall Janpath 1935 Hall & Office Ar-B UP 168 Signs of Deterioration

Trust

Appendix


A-42

OWNER SHIROMONI GURDWARA S. No. Name of the



a b c d e f g h i j 1. Bangla Sahib

Gurudwara Ashoka Road Late

Mughal Gurudwara H-B UP 157 Good

2. Rakab Ganj Church Road ? Gurudwara H-B Ar-B

UP 189 Good

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 8 : Water Supply

Chapter – 8 City Water Supply System


8-1

CHAPTER - 8 CITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is situated along a perennial source of water, the river Yamuna. The river divides the city into East Delhi known as Trans Yamuna Area, and New Delhi. The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) has an area of 1483 km2

and comprises of three constituents MCD (1297.29 km2), NDMC (42.74 km2) and DCB (42.97 km2) respectively. This chapter presents historical overview of water supply system, present status of production and demand, extent of coverage and agencies involved in transmission and distribution of water.

8.2 HISTORY OF DELHI WATER SUPPLY Delhi depends largely on river Yamuna1 and partially on river Ganga for its share of water. The flow of the river is regulated at Tajewala Barrage (subsequently by Hathinikund barrage) and the dry weather flow is entirely diverted into Eastern Yamuna Canal for UP and the Western Jamuna Canal (WJC) for Haryana, UP,Rajasthan and partly for Delhi. Whatever flow appears at Wazirabad, the intake works for Delhi Water Works, is out of regeneration of sub surface drainage.

The Delhi Water Works was constructed at Chandrawal with a capacity of 1 MGD / 4.5 MLD in the year 1890 and the source of water supply was a row of wells sunk along the river. Delhi's population then was 1.93 lakhs. After the Delhi Darbar in 1911, Delhi witnessed an increase in population. By the year 1912, the water demand had exceeded the capacity and recourse was taken to drawing water directly from the river and this necessitated the installation of settling tanks and slow sand filters. The population had risen to 2.33 lakhs and capacity of Water Works raised to 3.3 MGD / 15 MLD. In the year 1921, a raw water pumping station was established at Wazirabad and the water was carried to Chandrawal for treatment, where the capacity was raised to 7 MGD / 32 MLD, the population served was 3.04 lakhs. Since then, the capacity of the water works has been gradually increasing in stages and stood at 35 MGD / 159 MLD by 1948.

Consequent upon signing of Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan in 1960; to tide over scarcity of water, the Govt. of Punjab allocated 150 MCM / 0.119 MAF of water to Delhi out of Ravi-Beas waters from Bhakra-Nangal

1 River Yamuna owes River Yamuna owes its origin to Yamunotri glacier of lower Himalayas and enters the plains at Dakpathar (Dehradun) in Uttranchal



8-2

storages and this was further raised to 245 MCM / 0.2 MAF in 1976. The Western Jamuna Canal was remodelled and lined to enable Delhi to establish Water Treatment Plant(s), [WTPs] in North West Delhi (at Haiderpur) and thus a second source of surface water came into existence in addition to river Yamuna at Wazirabad. By 1981, whereas the population had shot upto 62.22 lakhs, the production capacity had risen to 1378.7 MLD / 303 MGD. (Refer Annex 8.1)

Box 1 - Share in Yamuna Water

As per MOU on sharing of Yamuna waters between Haryana, UP, Rajasthan & NCTD signed on 12.05.1994, share is 0.724 BCM (consumptive). This is subject to construction of Renuka dam, Kishau dam, Lakhwar Vyasi Project, etc. To meet future water requirements it is necessary to initiate these works on Top Priority Seasonal allocation July to Oct : 0.580 BCM (1926 cusec) Nov to Feb : 0.068 BCM (231 cusec) Mar to June : 0.076 BCM (255 cusec) Total : 0.724 BCM (808 cusec) “Provided further the said interim allocation shall get progress modified as storages are constructed, the final allocations as indicated in para 7 of MoU”. Separate agreement will be executed in respect of each identified storage within the framework of over all allocation made under the agreement

8.3 PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Sources of Water

River Yamuna, Western Jamuna Canal (a carrier of Yamuna waters as also Bhakra waters) and the Upper Ganga Canal, are surface water sources for Delhi. Around 446 tube wells drilled in Yamuna bed and areas within city to meet the water requirement.

Treatment System

DJB is equipped to treat 790 MGD of water inclusive of about 100 MGD of ground water abstraction. However the actual production is 735 MGD, with a short fall of 990 - 735 = 255 MGD at production point.

Table 8.1 presents the water treatment capacity indicating source of raw water.

Table 8.1: Treatment Capacity indicating Source of Raw Water

Source of Raw Water Name of Water Treatment

Plant Installed Capacity

MGD

Production by Optimisation

MGD

River Yamuna Chandrawal I &II 90 105



8-3

Source of Raw Water Name of Water Treatment Plant

Installed Capacity

MGD

Production by Optimisation

MGD

River Yamuna Wazirabad I II & III 120 124

Bhakra storage / Yamuna

Haiderpur I & II 200 210

Bhakra storage Nangloi 402 21

River Yamuna Bawana 202 Nil

Upper Ganga Canal Bhagirathi 100 110

Upper Ganga Canal Sonia Vihar 140 653

Ground Water Ranney Wells & Tube wells 100 100

Total 790 735

2 Water to these plants will be available on completion of Construction of Parallel WJC out of savings from en - route seepage losses, the work is in progress. 3 A 140 MGD Water Treatment Plant, Sonia Vihar, has been constructed for treatment of Ganga water (stored in Tehri dam), through Upper Ganga Canal and drawn at Muradnagar. Initially 65 MGD of water has been released from the plant, on 8th August 2006 and the quantity of supply will be increased in phases.

Figure 8.1 Water Treatment Plants in Delhi & Sources of Raw Water



8-4

Transmission and Distribution System

By and large water supply system is through piped water network in urban area, hand pumps and private motorised wells / tubewells, and in areas without planned water supply, through tankers. Details are presented in Table 8.2 Table 8.2: Transmission and distribution network in Delhi S. No. Item

During 2001 As on 01.04.2005

1. Length of Water mains(kms) 8363 More than 9,000 2. No. of Water connections 13,33,833 About 15.52 lakhs 3. No. of Water Stand Posts

(Public Water hydrants) 11,533

4. No. of Water Tankers

493 1100 as per revised budget estimate 2005-06

5. No. of Private Tube wells 2,00,000 (Estimated)

6. Capacity of Exiting Underground Reservoirs

175 MG corresponding to 6-

7 hours of production

Proposed to build 35 % of average demand as storage capacity.

Availability of water is 2 to 3 hrs in general and in some areas (mostly in North Delhi) directly on line, 24 hrs indicating inequitable distribution of water in different parts of Delhi.

Figure 8.3 In-equality of Water Supply in different parts of the city Source: Delhi 1999 – A Fact Sheet NCRPB



8-5

(a) Water Supply to JJ / Slum Clusters

Around 20 lakh people are settled in JJ cluster with water requirement of 270 MLD. Water supply is provided through public water hydrants, tankers and hand pumps. So far Slum & JJ Deptt. had undertaken four Projects of in-situ up gradation of JJ Clusters as at Ekta Vihar (414 families), Proyog Vihar (260 families), Shanti Vihar (113 families) and Shahbad Daulat Pur (4800 families) DJB is able to meet around 60-65% of the water requirement of slum dwellers. The other sources such as hand pumps, tankers and water trolley contributes to 25-30% of water demand.

Unaccounted for Water

Unaccounted for water is in the range of 40 - 45 %. Water losses through unaccounted flow comprises of (i) Unbilled Un-metered Consumption @2%, (ii) Leakage in Transmission mains @ 16% and (iii) Leakages in Distribution mains @ 24%. Thus in reality, 58% of water produced ( 58% of 735 = 426 MGD ) is available for meeting water requirements leading to water shortages in tail end areas and inequitable distribution of water. This is one reason why people have to resort to high abstraction of ground water. Authorised Consumption is thus @ 58% as per breakup (i) Billed Meter Consumption i/c water supply in bulk @ 13% (ii) Billed unmetered consumption @ 37% (iii) Unbilled Unmetered Consumption @ 8% However Non Revenue Water is 42% + 8% = 50% * [Source: World Bank funded Study report by Pricewater House Coopers]

8.4 WATER PRICING AND RECOVERY The annual water supplied to MCD, NDMC and DCB was 10,34,384 ML, 43,059 ML and 12,808 ML respectively in 2002-03. The amount received from these departments is Rs. 3785 million. Table 8.3 shows the details of water supplied and cost recovered from various bodies. The details of water pricing are presented in Annex 8.2.



8-6

Table 8.3: Transmission and distribution network in Delhi

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Average Quantity (ML) 974658 1021508 1034384 1010183

MCD Area Value (Million) 2732.13 3671.02 4351.20 3584.78 Quantity (ML) 44631 44551 43059 44080

NDMC Value (Million) 124.23 159.21 180.42 154.62 Quantity (ML) 13084 13041 12808 12978

DCB Value (Million) 36.42 46.60 53.67 45.56 Quantity (ML) 1032373 1079100 1090251 1067241 TOTAL Value (Million) 2893 3877 4585 3785

8.5 ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND

The water requirement of Delhi is 1,104 GPCD against the production of 783 GPCD. The excess demand of water is met through 2 lakh private tubewells drilled by owner in their premises. The total demand for 2021 is 1840 GPCD. In order to meet the future demand DDA in the draft Master Plan for Delhi 2021 has split the water requirement in two parts Potable and Non Potable as 35 & 45 GPCD respectively, with the proviso that “In the existing areas till the arrangement of non potable water is made, potable water shall be supplied. For urban extensions and areas under development schemes, these norms are recommended with necessary provisions (Refer Table 8.4 & Annex 8.3).

Table 8.4: Estimation of Water Demand as per DDA and DJB norms

Water Demand (Treated) *

MGD Year Type Population

(lakhs)

As per DJB @60 GPCD

As per DDA ** @80 GPCD

2001 Census 137.8 828 1104

2006 Anticipated 165.0 990 1320

2011 Projected 190.0 1140 1520

2021 Projected 230.0 1380 1840 * The raw water requirements will be 110% of the figures shown above.

8.6 AUGMENTATION SCHEMES FOR WATER SUPPLY

1. Recycling of waste water of existing Water Treatment Plants: Delhi Jal Board will be able to recycle the waste water of Haiderpur, Wazirabad, and Bhagirathi Water Treatment Plants by which addition in the capacity by 37 MGD will be achieved.

2. Schemes of setting up new WTPs of 20 MGD at Okhla and 40 MGD at Dwarka are proposed to be taken up subject to availability of raw water.

3. Boring of 110 tube wells along with re-boring of 446 is proposed. 4. In addition to 100 tubewells bored in the flood plains of river Yamuna,

30 tubewells are proposed to be bored.

5. Installation of 625 deep bore handpumps.



8-7

On completion of augmentation works, the DJB will be equipped to produce 919 MGD of water as per details below:

S. No. Water Treatment Plants Capacity 2006 MGD

Capacity 2011 / 2021 MGD

1. Wazirabad I II & III 120 130 2. Chandrawal I & II 90 100 3. Haiderpur I & II 200 216 4. Bhagirathi 100 110 5. Dwarka -- 40 6. Sonia Vihar 65 140 7. Nangloi 40 40 8. Bawana -- 20 9. Okhla -- 20 10. Ranney wells & Tubewells 100 91 11. Ranney wells for Okhla 12 12. Total 715 919

The estimated demand @ 60 GPCD for a population of 190 lakhs will be 1140 by 2011. Thus there will be a shortfall of 1140 - 919 = 221 MGD.

The estimated demand @ 60 GPCD for a population of 230 lakhs will be 1380 by 2021. Thus there will be a shortfall of 1380 – 919 = 461 MGD.

8.7 WATER QUALITY

Although water quality of Yamuna water up stream of Wazirabad Barrage is good for drinking after conventional treatment, but on account of periodical discharge of industrial effluents, presence of iron is noticed in the ground water abstracted from Ranney wells & tube wells etc. north of Wazirabad Barrage at Palla. A 31 MGD Iron removal plant is proposed to be installed for removal of iron in the first phase.

Presence of ammonia due to pollutants released in the river and WJC, is noticed and the WTPs had to be temporarily closed. This situation needs to be controlled. Iron and ammonia is observed in Ranney well waters going to Okhla WTP requiring establishment of iron removal plant and ammonia stripping plant. Flouride is noticed in some of the tubewells of South Delhi and is a matter of concern.

DJB has a number of laboratories to check the quality of water, both from the WTPs as also from the distribution system. The quality of treated water meets standards set by the MoUD.

8.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

DJB has taken up rain water harvesting in its own buildings and rainwater harvesting structures have been provided in 190 installations of the board covering an area of 9.15 lakh sq.m. These structures will successfully recharge ground water aquifers by harvesting 5.10 lakh cubic meters approx of rain water. Certain important precautions need to be taken that roof top rain water after the first 3 showers is drained out and only clear water run off is allowed to go to the underground strata, else there is a danger of ground water pollution.



8-8

This calls for extensive education to the people, and undertaking inspections.

8.9 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) NDMC population as per census 2001 is 1,71,806. The NDMC receives 115 to 120 MLD water in bulk through 19 bulk meters (as on date 8 meters are reported to be non functional) from the DJB and draws 18 to 20 MLD of groundwater drawn from 137 tube wells (effective No. 122) to supplement water supply in its area having 352 km length of water mains (4 inches to 42 inches in diameter) and operates 23 UGR & BPS. The distribution system is maintained by the NDMC.

8.10 DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD (DCB) MES is the main agency to receive water for the Delhi Cantt Board. Area covered is whole of Delhi Cantt including S P Marg area, Mahipalpur area and Shankar Vihar but excluding Naraina Village. • Population of cantt : 2006 - 1,51,605

2011 - 1,63,000 • Total water requirement : 2006 - 13 MGD 2011 - 15 MGD • Water is being received from DJB at two Nodal Points from Palam Reservoir

and Inderpuri Reservoir.

• Water being received is 100% metered • Present storage available is 15 MG in UG sumps and OH tanks. • There are 55 booster pumping stations. • Length of water mains is apprx 375 kms • Water is being metered in the distribution side at the pump houses for bulk

consumers but not at individual houses. Flat rate is being charged from individuals varying with type of accommodation.

• Ground Water is being extracted to the tune of 3.5 MGD and the same is

being chlorinated and mixed with the DJB water to meet our present requirement.

• Quality in general is potable but in some pockets it is brackish. • Distribution losses are very less may be 5%. • For Bulk consumers rate of Rs 6.50 per KL is charged.

[Source Garrision Engineer, MES] • Delhi Cantt Bd maintains 21 Tube wells, 7 Over Head Tanks (OHTs) 9

Underground Reservoirs (UGRs), & 21 Booster Pumping Stations. For Naraina Village DCB receives 0.9 MGD of water from Naraina Reservoir.[ As per DJB]



8-9

• Thus 7.8 + 3.5 + 0.9 = 12.2 plus water abstracted from 21 tube wells by DCB

MGD of water supply is utilised for a population of 1,51,605 in the year 2006, i.e. an average of 80 GPCD / 365 LPCD approx.

8.11 SPECIAL PROVISIONS Relating to NDMC, DCB and MES (In brief)

The DJB shall be bound to supply water to the NDMC and DCB, MES at the place or places act, which immediately before the commencement of the DJB Act, the Delhi Water Supply & Swerage Disposal undertaking of the MCD used to supply water in bulk. Provided that the quantity of water supply shall not be less than the quantity supplied before commence of the Act. The board shall be bound to receive in bulk all sewerage from these bodies for treatment and disposal

8.12 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION

1. There is urgent need to invoke Interstate agreement for construction of Storage Reservoirs / dams in the Upper reaches of River Yamuna, like Kishau, Dadhau, Lakhwar Vyasi etc., though identified years before and incorporated in the MOU for sharing of Yamuna waters, have yet to be decided for construction.

This is important since the existing capacity is inadequate to meet the present water requirements.

2. To expedite construction of Parallel WJC and with the consent of

Haryana to draw water for the constructed WTPs at Bawana and Nangloi (remaining 20 MGD). This will also improve availability of raw water at Wazirabad Barrage after linking WJC with the river.

3. The output of the WTPs is based on the designed capacity. These plants

have been progressively constructed over the last 50 years or more and there is a need to correctly assess the output of each of the WTPs.

4. Losses in treatment of water at the WTPs have been considered by the

DJB at 8% as per CPHHEO manual, however actual losses need to be ascertained.

5. As per studies carried out by the Consultants, 16% leakage is in

Transmission mains and another 24% leakages in the distribution mains, totaling to 40%. This is a considerably high rate of loss and needs to be brought down to 15% as suggested in the Manual of Water Supply & Treatment issued by the CPHHEO, MoUD, Govt. of India.

6. The water supply is intermittent and leads to avoidable wastage, besides

posing risk to health.

7. There is in equitability in water supply and calls for rationalisation of water supply.



8-10

8. The successive Master plan documents have been emphasizing on dispersal of population, however MPD 2021 aims at a prospective population of 23 million. Either the Infrastructure facility should be available as per or in excess of requirement or the future population needs REVIEW for being toned down in accordance with availability of Infrastructure services.

9. Though rain water harvesting is the need of the hour, utmost care and

precaution is the necessity to ensure that the ground water is not polluted. This calls for extensive training in provision and more so in operation of such structures besides effective monitoring.

10. Water pricing / tariff structure needs to be self sustainable and atleast

meet O&M costs in full. A tariff regulatory commission may be set up so that the tariff set by the DJB are accepted by the people.

11. Uninterrupted power supply with stable voltage is a necessity for proper

& smooth operation of WTPs & Booster pumping stations.

12. Years before (In 1967), during the tenure of Dr K.L.Rao, Union Minister for Irrigation & Power, a proposal was considered to establish an impounded reservoir in the Aravali hills of Dhauj & Kot near Faridabad to store the flood waters of river Yamuna and set up a 100 MGD WTP to meet water requirements of South Delhi. This was not steered through on account of Geological considerations. This can be reexamined using the latest techniques of engineering & geology and if through, people of South Delhi & Faridabad could be benefited and the storage could be established as a joint venture of the Govts of Delhi & Haryana.



8-11

ANNEX 8.1

CHANGE IN INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN WATER SUPPLY

Delhi Jal Board - With the enactment of the Delhi water Board Act 1998, all functions and responsibilities of the DWS & SDU were assumed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). As of now Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible for procurement of raw water, treatment and supply to the three constituents and responsible for distribution of water supply and related works in MCD area. DJB is also responsible to collect, transmit, treatment and disposal of waste water from the three constituents and for operation & maintenance of sewer system within the MCD area.

The Delhi Joint Water & Sewerage Board - The Delhi Joint Water and Sewerage Board came into existence in the year 1926 and was responsible for operation and maintenance of Delhi Water Works and supplying water in bulk to the FIVE local bodies in Delhi,which in turn supplied water in their respective areas. Post Independence Scenario - India attained independence from the British rule on the 15th August 1947. Consequent upon partition of the country, there was a tremendous influx of people to Delhi, raising its population of 9.18 lakhs in 1941 to 17.44 lakhs in 1951. This called for substantial augmentation of water supply, which was raised from 35 MGD /159 MLD in 1948 to 60 MGD / 272 MLD in 1955. Jaundice Epidemic & Construction of Wazirabad Barrage - Delhi witnessed a jaundice epidemic in November 1955. On the recommendation of the Jaundice Enquiry Committee, a barrage was constructed across the river Yamuna and completed in 1959. While the barrage created pondage to enable withdrawal of water from the river, it also facilitated in keeping the river course towards the right bank. The Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking (DWS & SDU) - With the creation of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) in 1958 by an act of Parliament, numerous local bodies became a part of the MCD, except the New Delhi Municipal Committee and the Cantonment Board. The Delhi Joint Water & Sewerage Board became an undertaking of the MCD and was named as The Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking (DWS & SDU) having the responsibility to procure , treat and transmit water for the entire Union Territory of Delhi and to distribute water in the MCD area. With an ever increasing population, growing at an alarming rate of approximately 5% per annum, water shortage started being felt inspite of raising the treatment capacity to 97 MGD / 440 MLD by 1961 for a population of 26.44 lakhs.

Contamination of Water Supply of Delhi in 1964 - Contamination of the Delhi Water Supply occurred in September 1964 and the causes of contamination were enquired by the Committee constituted by the Ministry of Health, Govt. of India under the Chairmanship of Shri P. S. Naskar, Union Deputy Minister of Health. The Committee also went into recommending short term and long term remedial measures.

An important recommendation needs to be undertaken related to Unit Rate of Water supply @ 50 GPCD / 225 LPCD for domestic needs and a separate provision needs to be made for water demand for Industries and Gardening needs. The report also identified future sources of water supply to meet growing water requirements of Delhi till 2001. These sources were Bhakra reservoir, Ramganga project, and dams on river Yamuna and its tributaries such as Kishau dam.

The water requirements for a projected population of 100 lakhs by 2001 AD were



8-12

estimated at 766 MGD (3468 MLD) at an overall per capita rate of water supply of 76 GPCD / 345 LPCD.

There was extensive development and construction of housing in the Trans Yamuna area, South Delhi, and South West Delhi which called for identifying additional sources of water supply. Under an agreement with the Govt of UP, a 100 MGD /455 MLD Bhagirathi Water Treatment plant was established in Trans Yamuna area in 1984, drawing raw water from the Upper Ganga Canal through a closed conduit.



8-13

ANNEX 8.2

TYPE AND RATES OF WATER TARIFF IN DELHI Water tariff is in two parts: Service charges / fixed access charges based built-up area per month per connection; Volumetric water consumption charges (a) Service charges / Fixed Access charges based on built up area per month per connection:

Categories Service Charges

Category -1(A) JJ & Resettlement colonies / Rural Areas / Janta Flats / LIG / MIG / HIG / Single Room Tenements / Type – I / II / III / IV Govt. Quarters and other houses having built up area upto 200 sq. mts only; and Religious places / Dharamshalas / Cremation grounds / orphanages / Homes for destitute / Piaos / Institutes for Physically handicapped & Mentally retarded persons. Hostels & Educational Institutes / Attached Hostels / Working Women's Hostels irrespective of built up area.

@ Rs 40.00 per month per connection (M)

Category - 1(B) Residential Premises having built up area above 200 sq mts area

Rs. 120.00 per month per water connection

Category II Non domestic Premises Rs. 250.00 per month

Category III Non domestic Premises Rs 600.00 per month (b) Volumetric Water Consumption Charges:

Category I Category II Category III

Upto 6 KL 0.0 Upto 25 KL 10.0 Upto 25 KL 15.0 7 to 20 KL 2.0 25 to 50 KL 20.0 25 to 50 KL 25.0 21 to 30 KL 7.0 Above 50 KL 30.0 50 to 100 KL 35.0 Above 30 KL 10.0 Above 100 KL 50.0

Water charges based on actual consumption and to be calculated as 1.5 B X. Hence the bill will be calculated as follows: - P = M + 1.5 B X Where, M = Service Charges (Rs) B = Block tariff rate per KL (Rs per KL) X = Units consumed in Kls (Number) Volumetric consumption for JJ colonies / Rural Areas will be based on an assumption of 10 KLs consumption per household per month till the time metering in these areas is not accomplished. The consumers in such colonies and rural areas shall also pay the Service Charges. 50% of water consumption charges are towards sewerage maintenance. In addition, Water Cess Charges shall continue to be recovered at the previous rate of 2 paise per KL till revised by the Central Government / DJB. Meter maintenance (rent) charge @ Rs 10.00 PM in case of DJB supplied meters after expiry of warranty period.



8-14

In the context of Multistoried houses or a number of housing units in the same plot area, it is clarified that the service charges will be levied as per covered / built up area on each connection sanctioned and for each respective premise in a multistoried complex, on the built up area of each unit having independent connection. Service charge with regard to bulk water connection (excluding NDMC, MES etc.) including Group Housing societies shall be levied for each of the constituent units. DJB employees, residing either in DJB allotted staff quarter or other than DJB accommodation, shall be billed as per the approved water tariff, as in the case of any other consumer. However, as a welfare measure, a concession of 50% on flat rate basis against the total amount of bill will be allowed subject to the condition that the water connection is in the name of employee and water is used for domestic use only. Till such time water meters are installed in the DJB allotted accommodation. The rate of provisional billing will be as under subject to review on the basis of actual consumption as recorded by the installed meter; Type of accommodation Provisional average per month Type I/ II / III 10 KL Type IV /V 20 KL Classification of Consumer Categories Usage of water will be of three categories for billing for various purposes. Category I Domestic Category II Non Domestic Category III Non Domestic like Hotels with lodging facilities, Industrial Units, AC restaurants, banquet halls, Cinema Halls etc. If more than 30% of the floor area of premises is used for non domestic purposes, the entire premises will be treated as Category II or III (as the case may be). In case of any dispute, the decision of Director of Revenue shall be final and binding. In case of such mixed land use premises, if there are separate water connections installed for different uses, the bill will be raised accordingly. The Estimated Bulk Issue rate of Water for 2006 - 2007 is Rs. 6.01 DJB will introduce a new scheme for new water connection towards composite services in laying MDPE pipe line etc at the door step of the consumer at the following rates; Category Charges per connection I Rs 2500 II Rs 4000 III Rs 6000 In case of category I, the prospective consumer may opt for payment of connection charges in four quarterly installments.



8-15

ANNEX 8.3

MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI PERSPECTIVE – 2001 (MPD-2001) MPD – 2001 was published in the Gazette of India vide notification dated 1st August 1990 and under Infrastructure: Physical dealt at length “Water Supply”. Requirement of Water supply has been worked out at 80 GPCD / 363 LPCD with the following breakup:

(i) Domestic

225

(ii) Industrial commercial and community requirement based on 45,000 liter / ha / day

47

(iii) Fire protection based on 1 % of total

4

(iv) Gardening based on 67,000 liter / ha / day

35

(v) For floating population and special users like embassies, big hotels

52

With the provision that minimum water supply in any residential area should be 135 litres (30 gallons) per capita per day. The projected population by 2001 AD was 128 lakhs and thus estimated water requirement was 4660 MLD (1024 MGD). A perusal of review note for Master Plan Delhi – 1962, which forms Annexture VI to the MPD-2001 with special reference to water supply states “ The standard adopted by Master Plan, 50 gallons per capita per day for the city of Delhi as a whole was rather low, the standard is being revised to 80 gallons per capita per day.” Estimation of Water Requirements by DJB

As per CPHHEO Manual, rate of domestic water supply for Metro cities is 150 lpcd at consumers point, and allowing 15% losses in distribution at production point

172 lpcd

Industrial, Commercial, Community needs @ 45000 liters / ha / day

47 lpcd

Special uses, embassies, floating population, hotels, airports, railway stations etc.

52 lpcd

Fire protection @ 1 % of total demand

3 lpcd

Total 274 lpcd Approx 60 GPCD

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 9 : City Sewerage System

Chapter – 9 City Sewerage System


9-1

CHAPTER - 9 CITY SEWERAGE SYSTEM

9.1 INTRODUCTION

80 % of water supply is returned as waste water, as such 80% of 670 MGD by optimization in 2006 works out to 536 MGD, however there is considerable abstraction of ground water to meet water requirements by individual households. Based on a study conducted in the year 1999 to assess actual quantity of sewage generated, it was observed that as against 580 MGD of planned water supply, the observed sewage generation was 599 MGD. The sewage generation in Delhi has been assessed at 719 MGD in 2005 (by the CPCB - Feb 2005) as against planned water production of 670 MGD of water by DJB indicating water usage of almost 900 MGD of water. With the partial commissioning of Sonia Vihar Water Treatment Plant water supply is augmented by about 65 MGD thus generating another 52 MGD of sewage. Thus in all fairness sewage generation as on date appears to be in the vicinity of 719 + 80% of 65 = 52 + generation on account of additional ground water usage after CPCB report = 800 MGD approximately. The present installed capacity of STPs is 512.6 MGD, thus a wide gap of almost 300 MGD. DJB is responsible for collection, transportation and treatment of sewage for the entire NCTD, and operation & maintenance of system in MCD area.

9.2 SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM

Sewerage facilities are provided through net work of sewers in planned colonies, unauthorised / regularised colonies, urban villages and JJ Resettlement colonies. As per present policy sewers are not provided in unauthorised colonies and rural villages. Year-wise status of sewerage system has been presented in Table 9.1

Table 9.1: Year-wise status of sewerage system

Head 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 Trunk Sewer (Km) 130 132 135 140 143.6 147 150.54 Branch Sewer (Km) 4693 5653 5703 5844 5956 6000 6070 Unauthorized / regularized colonies 567

366 402 427 458 482 493 506

Urban villages (135) 82 93 93 93 98 99 105 Source : Delhi Jal Board, Delhi



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Sewer System has since been provided in all the 44 JJ resettlement colonies. It was targeted to be provided in all unauthorized - regularised colonies and urban villages by the end of 8th Five Year Plan (1992-97),work is yet to be executed in a number of such areas on account of various considerations, as such sewage generated from such areas finds access into storm water drains ultimately discharging into the river (Refer Table 9.2). Table 9.2: Status of Population Coverage in different sewerage zones

Population (Lakhs) S. No. Sewerage Zone Served Not served

Total

1. Rithala 16.70 5.56 22.26 2. Coronation pillar 7.72 2.57 10.29 3. Keshopur 17.39 5.78 23.14 4. Trans Yamuna 20.99 6.99 27.98 5. Okhla 26.51 8.84 35.35 6. Total 89.24 29.74 119.02

Source : Delhi Jal Board, Delhi 9.2.1 Sewerage Facilities in Rural Villages

As per Census 2001, population of rural Delhi is 9,63,215 the waste water1 generated is 97.5 MLD. Waste water generated has been provided partial on site treatment by providing Septic tanks by individuals and in absence of such facility waste water (sewage) has been flowing through surface drainage system, resulting in pollution of river Yamuna2.

On account of partial treatment from some of the STPs and sewage flows from un-sewered areas and overflows from existing sewer system into surface drains; the river is rendered like an open sewer downstream of Wazirabad barrage till Okhla barrage in Delhi segment of river, which is by far the most polluted segment of the river.

9.2.2 Sanitation in Slum and JJ Cluster About 520 Jansuvidha Complexes containing approx 17,282 w.c.seats and approx 6093 baths provided. 203 Mobile Toilet Vans containing approx. 2842 WC seats provided.

Non availability of NOCs from Land Owning agencies and constraint of space due to over densification of JJ Clusters’s are the major hurdles in provision of such facilities in JJ Clusters (Refer Box 1)

Box 1 : Provision of Pay and Use Jansuvidha Complex in Slum / JJ Cluster To curb the habit of mass defecation in open, Slum & JJ Department initiated for the first time construction of Pay & Use Jansuvidha Complexes w.e.f. 1987 for the benefit of slum/JJ dwellers by utilising the services of NGOs / Voluntary Organisations for construction as well as management, operation and maintenance of services provided therein. It has taken leadership in providing mobile toilet vans containing W.C. Seats for provision of facilities where land pockets are not available in jhuggie clusters or in the absence of facilities.

1 Water supply has been provided in rural villages. So far sewers were not provided in rural villages for want of availability of a minimum 30 GPCD /135 lpcd of water supply. 2 DJB will conduct a detailed survey for providing sewerage services and its treatment facilities in rural villages for which the work of carrying out techno-economic-feasibility study of 189 villages has been awarded to two cosultants on 31.3.2006.



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9.3 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) NDMC population as per census 2001 is 1,71,806. The NDMC receives 115 to 120 MLD water in bulk through 19 bulk meters (as on date 8 meters are reported to be non functional) from the DJB and draws 18 to 20 MLD of groundwater drawn from 137 tube wells (effective No. 122) to supplement water supply in its area having 352 km length of water mains (4 inches to 42 inches in diameter) and operates 23 UGR & BPS. The distribution system is maintained by the NDMC. 80% of water supplied by DJB is considered as sewerage received from NDMC. In effect 80% of ground water drawn from tube wells should also be considered. Sewer system is in existence having a length of 350 km varying from 4 inches to 2100 mm in diameter. Sewer System including two Sewage Pumping Stations is operated and maintained by NDMC. Brick sewers are old and settlements are occasionally observed both on brick sewers as well as NP2 class RCC sewers. Sewage is delivered to DJB for treatment.

9.4 DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD (DCB)

80% of water supplied (7.8 mgd average) is considered as sewerage received from DCB. In effect 80% of ground water drawn from tube wells should also be considered. Sewerage is being disposed off in the central sewerage line along the station road going to Keshopur STP.

9.5 SPECIAL PROVISIONS Relating to NDMC, DCB and MES (In brief) The DJB shall be bound to supply water to the NDMC and DCB, MES at the place or places act, which immediately before the commencement of the DJB Act, the Delhi Water Supply & Swerage Disposal undertaking of the MCD used to supply water in bulk. Provided that the quantity of water supply shall not be less than the quantity supplied before commence of the Act. The board shall be bound to receive in bulk all sewerage from these bodies for treatment and disposal

9.6 TREATMENT SYSTEM

About 65% population is covered by sewerage system including on site treatment by septic tanks, and sewage generated from the remaining population is going through a number of surface drains into the river.

At present there are 17 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), equipped to treat 512.4 MGD of sewage capacities varying from 2.2 MGD to 140 MGD.



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Table 9.3 shows the Designed Capacity, Operational capacity and capacity for enhancement of STPs by 2011 as proposed by DJB. Table 9.3: Design & Operational Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant

Name of STP Year of Commissioning Capacity of

Plant MGD

Operating Capacity

Inflow as on 02.05.05

Additional Capacity to

be created by 2011 MGD

1. Coronation pillar in 4 phases of 10 MGD 40.0 25.92 10.0

2. Delhi gate 1999 2.2 2.42 15.0

3. Ghitorni 5.0 -- --

4. Keshopur in 3 phases, I-12 MGD (1958), II-20 MGD (1978), III-40 MGD (1988) 72.0 74.00 --

5. Kondli in 3 phases : I-10 MGD (1987), II-25 MGD, (1999), III-10 MGD (1999) 45.0 36.08 45.08

6. Mehrauli 2003 5.0 1.25 --

7. Najafgarh 5.0 0.20 --

8. Nilothi 2002 40.0 5.00 30.0

9. Narela 10.0 0.50 40.0

10. Okhla in 5 phases 30 MGD plant3 140.0 136.79 30.0

11. Papankalan( Dwarka ) 2002 20.0 9.00 20.0

12. Rithala in 2 phases of 40 MGD each I 40 MGD in 1988 II 40 MGD in 2001 - 2003

80.0 39.81 30.0

13. Rohini sector 24 -25 partially in 2002 15.0 -- 40.0

14. Dr Sen Nursing Home Nala 1998 2.2 2.39 --

15. Timarpur Oxidation ponds 6.0 2.00 --

16. Yamuna Vihar in 2 phases I 10 MGD 1998 II 10 MGD 2002

20.0 6.16 25.0

17. Vasant Kunj in 2 phases I 2.2 MGD in 1988 II 3.0 MGD in 1998

5.2 3.89 --

18. Cantonment -- -- 8.0

TOTAL 512.6 345.61 293.0

Say 346 MGD

Proposed Capacity by the year 2011 512.6 + 293.0 = 805.6 MGD

The cumulative inflow of sewage at all the STPs is 345.41 MGD based on a study conducted in May 2005 and continues to be same as of now (2006). Treated sewage effluents by and large confirm to the standards set forth by DJB as also to the consent conditions set by DPCC, BOD 20 mg/l and SS 30 mg/l; except Keshopur STP.

3 18 MGD in 1937 + 12 MGD in 1991, 12 MGD plant: Prior filtration plant in 1954 changed to ASP in 1983, 45 MGD plant : one primary clarifier, PST 1954 and 2 PSTs in 1963, 37 MGD plant : 2 PSTs of 11 MGD each in 1982 + 1 PST of 15 MGD in 1991, Secondary treatment of 37 MGD in 1991, 16 MGD plant: in 1999



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Keshopur STP is in urgent need of renovation and as of now does not treat sewage to desired standards resulting in partially treated sewage going into surface drains. As of now 800 - 346 = 454 MGD of untreated sewage and another 72 to 74 MGD of partially treated sewage, ie; 454 + 72 = 526 MGD sewage goes to the river system through 19 outfall drains (16 directly into the river and 3 into Agra canal).

Figure 9.1, 17 STPs river Yamuna and the various drains outfalling into the river

9.6.1 Type of Treatment

All the STPs are designed on Activated Sludge Process, except (a) 10 MGD STP at Coronation STP with Bio filters, (b) 2.2 MGD STPs each at Delhi Gate and Dr Sen Nursing Home nalla with high rate Bio filters / Densadeg Technology, (c) Mehrauli, Najafgarh & Vasant kunj STPs with extended aeration and (d) 40 MGD Rithala STP II with UASB technology (Refer Table 9.4) Table 9.4: Growth of Water & Sewage Treatment Capacities in Delhi

Capacity of Treatment Water Sewage

S. No.

Year Population

MLD MGD MLD MGD 1. 1941 9.18 75 16.5 - - 2. 1951 17.54 190 42.0 82 18.0 3. 1961 26.58 349 77.0 254 56.0 4. 1971 40.66 785 173.0 440 97.0 5. 1981 62.22 1144 252.0 590 130.0 6. 1985 1561 344.0 690 152.0



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7. 1987 1802 397.0 745 164.0 8. 1989 1857 409.0 835 184.0 9. 1991 93.70 2129 469.0 1135 250.0 10. 1994 2384 525.0 1271 280.0 11. 1997 2611 575.0 1271 280.0 12. 2001 137.80 13. 2006 165.00

(estimated) 3587 790.0 2327 512.6

Source: Delhi Jal Board, Delhi From the above it is observed that the capacity of sewage treatment has not kept pace with growth of water supply. Apparently due to meeting water requirements of the growing population getting priority. The existing capacity needs to be optimally utilized and steps taken to augment the same to meet requirements by 2011 & 2021 complying with standards of treatment (Refer Box 2).

Box 2 : CPCB Observation on the Sewage in Delhi

“CPCB observed that less than 50% of entire sewage of Delhi is being collected and treated. Therefore to achieve the maximum removal of pollution load with the funds available, it was recommended to make arrangements for treatment of the entire sewage upto secondary level to achieve BOD <20 mg/l and SS <30 mg/l on priority basis rather than treating part of sewage to tertiary level to achieve BOD,10 mg/l, TSS<15 mg/l and FC<2500 MPN/100 ml while leaving significant part of sewage untreated. Afterwards, when secondary treatment facility for at leat 90% of sewage is installed, all the STPs need to be augmented with tertiary treatment facilities for removal of FC to a standard 2500 MPN/100 ml so that the main objective of maintaining quality of Yamuna River may be fulfilled.”

9.7 DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The details of treated effluent utilisation are as presented below:

(i) Treated effluent supplied to CPWD for horticultural purposes in Luytens Delhi from Okhla STP

20.0 MGD

(ii) Treated Effluent supplied to Pragati Power Plant from Dr Sen Nursing Home nala and Delhi gate Nala STPs

4.0 MGD

(iii) Treated Effluent supplied to DDA for Japanese Park from Rithala STP

8.0 MGD

(iv) Treated Effluent Supplied to Minor irrigation Deptt. from Okhla STP (42 cusec),from keshopur STP (37 cusec), and from Coronation STP(70 cusec); Total 149 cusec for irrigation purposes

80.5 MGD

Total 109.5 MGD Source: Delhi Jal Board, Delhi Biogas : During 2004-2005, 1680 lakh cft of bio gas was generated from Okhla which was supplied to residents having gas connections in adjacent colonies. 6325499 Kwh units of electricity were generated through bio gas engines at Rithala STP – II. Sewage Sludge : 20,90,200 cft of sludge was lifted from different STPs.



9-7

9.8 SEWERAGE CHARGES AND COLLECTIONS

50% of water consumption charges are included in water bill on account of sewer maintenance charges. Total collection in 2002-03 against sewage charges are Rs. 2335 million. Rs. 100 is charged as sewer connection fees and Rs. 1,600 is charged against road restoration fees (Refer Table 9.5). Table 9.5: Sewage collection Charges by DJB.

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Average Quantity (ML) 779726 817206 827507 808146 MCD Area

Value (Million) 1366 1835 2175 1792 Quantity (ML) 35704 35640 34447 35264 NDMC

Value (Million) 84 101 122 103 Quantity (ML) 10467 10432 10246 10382 DCB

Value (Million) 24 29 36 30 TOTAL Quantity (ML) 825898 863280 872200 853793 Value (Million) 1475 1967 2334 1925

Source: Delhi Jal Board, Delhi 9.9 INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER

There are 28 planned Industrial estates in the NCTD generating an estimated 48 MGD / 218 MLD of waste water. It has been decided to treat waste water from industries separately. As per directions of the Hon Supreme Court of India 15 Combined Effluent Plants (CETPs) were to be constructed as per design provided by the NEERI.**

Figure 9.2: 28 Industrial Estates



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Figure 9.3: Planned CETPs to be provided in different parts of Delhi

10 CETPs have already been constructed, and are operational with a cumulative treatment capacity of 30 MGD / 135.2 MLD Table 9.6 shows the CETPs with their capacity and effluent available (inflow) as on 22.07.2006.



9-9

Table 9.6: CETPs with their Capacity and Effluent

S. No. Name of CETP Capacity MLD Effluent available MLD 1 G. T. K. Road 6.0 3.0 – 4.0 2 Mangolpuri 2.4 1.0 – 1.6 3 Lawrance Road 12.0 2.0 – 3.0 4 Mayapuri 12.0 4.0 – 6.0 5 Nangloi 12.0 2.0 – 5.0 6 Badali 12.0 1.5 – 3.0 7 SMA 12.0 2.0 – 3.0 8 Okhla Industrial Area 24.0 2.0 – 4.0 9 Jhilmil 16.8 2.0 – 4.0 10 Wazirpur 24.0 4.0 – 16.0

Source: Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC) These plants are to be operated and maintained by the associations of industrial estates. Out of these 10 CETP's, 8 CETP's have been handed over to respective societies and remaining will also be handed over. One CETP is under construction at Nariana while the construction work of remaining 4 CETP's has not been initiated as per the recommendation of EPCA. Funding Pattern for Construction of the CETP's is as under:

1. CETPs societies 50% 2 Govt of Delhi 25% 3. Govt of India 25%

Delhi Government has agreed to bear the cost of conveyance system, land cost & DVB cost.

9.10 PERFORMANCE OF CETP'S AT FULL DESIGN LOAD

A comprehensive performance evaluation of the CETPs of Delhi was taken up by the CPCB in two phases from June 27th to July 6th and from August 25 to 28, 2005 to assess their capability for effective treatment at full capacity during their operation. A detailed report is included in the “Performance Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India” published by CPCB in January, 2006. DSIDC is accountable to the Deptt of Industries, Govt of NCT of Delhi

9.11 ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION 1. Whereas sewage generation is 719 MGD as per CPCB publication, Feb

2005, the cumulative inflow at the STPs is around 346 MGD only out of which 72 MGD is partially treated at Keshopur STP. Thus in effect only 346 – 76 = 270 MGD of sewage is fully treated.

2. Present day generation of sewage is estimated at 800 MGD, as such 800 –

270 = 530 MGD of untreated sewage is polluting the river Yamuna.

3. Keshopur STP is in URGENT need of renovation and restoration of designed capacity.



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4. Owing to overflow from sewers into storm water drains (SWDs), there is

urgent need to segregate the sewage flow from entering into SWDs.

5. Govt. of NCT of Delhi may review the policy of laying sewers in un authorised colonies as a matter of pollution abatement.

6. Process of laying sewers in unauthorized – regularised colonies, urban

villages may be reviewed and impediments removed in completing the remaining work. As many as 61 unauthorised – regularised colonies and 30 urban villages are yet to be provided with sewerage system.

7. The trunk sewers are reported to be considerably silted, and need to be

desilted, repaired and renovated, where ever required, to restore their capacity in a time bound manner.

8. Efficiency of STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations may be verified (as

many of them are several years old) to ascertain to actual quantity of sewage pumped and reaching the STPs. Presently, inflows are based on rated capacity of pumping.

9. There is need to generate power from the sewage gas obtained from the

sludge digestors to tide over power problems as also as a measure of abatement of air pollution.

10. Utilisation of treated sewage effluents for gardening and agricultural

need may not only be explored but implemented as early as possible so that irrigation demand is met from treated effluents.

11. The design capacity of CETPs needs to be optimally utilized and the

conveyance system needs to be checked for full capacity utilization.

12. A suitable methodology needs to be worked out for scientific disposal of sludge (rich in chemicals, heavy metals etc.) From these CETPs.

13. Un-interrupted power supply and stable voltage at STPs and SPSs is a

necessity to maintain sewerage treatment pumping of sewerage.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 10 : Storm Water Drainage

Chapter – 10 Storm Water Drainage


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CHAPTER - 10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE

10.1 INTRODUCTION

Storm water drainage of Delhi is a complex situation, owing to the combination of a number of natural and man-made drainage systems – five drainage basins, large natural drains, storm water drains along the roads and combined sewer cum storm water drains (sometimes as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer lines). However, most of the water collected through different drainage systems finally get discharged into the river Yamuna. Historically it is said that the drainage system of Old Delhi was largely developed by the Mughals whereas of New Delhi by the British. There are a number of basic problems with the drains of city. A majority of the large drains are not lined. Also, there are a large number of mid-size drains that are either unlined or have damaged lining. Often the construction debris in the new drains is not cleared before commissioning and garbage is dumped on the road sides which easily find their way into the adjacent drains. Even road sweepings are pushed into the drains. The drain slabs are not repaired on time leaving convenient openings for pushing garbage and trash matter, construction debris etc. inside the drain. Open drains have become receptacles of garbage till they are completely filled up, leading to overflowing of sullage and storm water. As a result, in the rainy season the drains are unable to take the flow and spill over, flooding the roads. The drainage system in the slums is either absent or inadequate. In some areas the levels of the road have gone up with repair and renovation or new roads have been built. Even in some DDA colonies like Pitampura and Shalimar Bagh, water logging persists even after repeated attempts to redress the situation. Flooding of the roads and water logging of colonies, even with showers of medium intensity, is quite common, leading to difficult living conditions, inconvenience and traffic congestion. Spread of diseases like malaria, filaria, dengue and annual recurrence of gastro-enteric diseases is a testimony to the failed drainage system. It appears that a comprehensive overview of the situation is lacking and only piecemeal solutions have been attempted at different points of development of the city. This is amply illustrated by the example in the following paragraph.

A number of drains discharging into the Najafgarh drain and the Yamuna River are being diverted to the sewerage system with an intention of treating the dirty water in the sewage treatment plants and subsequently reducing the pollution load of the receiving water bodies, particularly Yamuna. However, the diverted drains (already completed ones) are actually not functional either due to blockage



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or settlement of the sewer lines or some other problems. These drains carry a huge pollution load into the Yamuna (Table 10.3).

10.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The responsibility of construction and maintenance of the large drains (natural) is with the Irrigation and Flood Control Department of the Delhi Government. However disposal of the silt removed from these drains is the responsibility of the respective Municipal Bodies, under whose jurisdiction the de-silting is done. Delhi Jal Board looks after drains with more than 1000 cusec discharge. The Public Works Department (Delhi Government) is responsible for the drains in some identified areas. The three Local Bodies – Municipal Corporation of Delhi, New Delhi Municipal Council and Delhi Cantonment Board – have the mandate to look after the construction and maintenance (including de-silting) of the drains in their respective areas, which are aligned with the roads. The last Master Plan for storm water drainage of Delhi was prepared by the Master Plan Organization set up by the Irrigation and Flood Control Department during the period 1972-1976 (finalized in 1977). An Expert Committee was set up by the Delhi Administration to give guidance to this activity. This Master Plan took into account the urbanization limits up to the year 1981. However, while according approval, the Committee of Experts suggested that a fresh review of the drainage issues be taken while doing the Master Plan – 2021. Till date the Master Plan for storm water drainage of Delhi has not been revised. Keeping in view the inadequacy of storm water drainage, particularly in the unplanned (un-authorized or regularized) and some other colonies of the city, which is highlighted during the rains every year, a revised master plan needs to be prepared at the earliest. This master plan should consider urbanization limits till 2021. There is also a need to develop run-off norms for Delhi before making a new plan. A Committee of Experts may be set up under the Chairmanship of Member (RM), Central Water Commission (who has a fully equipped Hydrology Directorate working under him), with Chief Engineers of all the Civic Agencies to finalize the run-off norms and also the terms of reference for the preparation of the revised master plan for storm water drainage in Delhi. At the same time the extent of urbanization and industrialization have to be ascertained from the various local authorities, such as, MCD, NDMC, DCB, DDA, DSIDC, PWD, Irrigation and Flood department etc. Proper disposal of storm water is one of the crucial components of urban infrastructure services. In most part of the city, wherever low lying colonies have been developed by the Civic Agencies, the responsibility of disposal of storm water lies with the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. Pumping facilities are required for such situations although non-availability of adequate space (about 1000 sq.m.) is a constraint and stagnation of water persists. Consequently, the residents have to suffer. One way out would be to provide such space so that the pumping facilities can be set up. One of the fundamental issues normally neglected in our country is the comprehensive design of roads, drains, sewers and other utility network like water pipe, electric and communication cables etc. and their careful and



10-3

meticulous execution. Instead, the foundation as well as the surface of the roads, are not proper leading to early damage due to movement and weather conditions. Bad surface of the roads lead to more dust and debris during road sweepings and also further damage to the surface. At least part of this dust and debris get into the adjacent drains. At the same time suitable ducts / pipes should be provided under the foot path to accommodate cables, pipes etc. so that the road is not dug up time and again.

10.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE

Delhi, topography created a drainage system that carried rain and storm water from the higher elevations of the West to the Yamuna, providing a natural drainage. While the Eastern, low-lying side was originally a part of the flood plain of the river and considered un-inhabitable due to frequent floods. However, settlements in this area also began with the immigration after year 1947. Today, this Eastern wing which is also known as the Trans Yamuna area houses about 20% of the total population of Delhi.

10.3.1 Natural Drainage System

The city has been divided into six drainage zones (i) Northern Zone, (ii) Western Zone, (iii) Central North West and South East Zone, (iv) Central South and South East Zone, (v) East Zone and (vi) South Zone. The length of natural drain in the city is 350 km carrying discharge of 1000 m3. Table 10.1 presents the catchment area of the natural drains in the city. Table 10.1 Drainage Channels and Catchments for Delhi

S.

No. Catchments Location Length of

main drains (km)

Drainage channels

Discharge (cumecs)

1 Alipur North 140 Supplementary Bhiwana Escape – No. 6 drain – New Drain

141

33

2 Kanjhawala West 120 Mungeshpur 52 3 Najafgarh Central-North,

West and South-West

105 Najafgarh Palam Bhupania-Chudania (from Haryana)

283 86

40

4 Khushak-Barapulla

Central-South and South-East

Khushak and Barapulla drains (‘nallah’)

120

5 Trans-Yamuna

East 45 Shahdara outfall – Ghazipur Trunk drain No. 1

158

86 6 Mehrauli South 5



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10.3.2 Man-made drainage System

The total length of drains is 1700 kms spread over 12 municipal zones. There are around 1300 drains with 339 km in Civil Lines Area and 5 kms in Paharganj Sadar Area (Refer Table 10.2) Table 10.2 : Existing Drains in Delhi under MCD

S. No. Zone Number of drains Total length of drains (km)

1 Central 41 47 2 South 127 102 3 Sadar-Paharganj 10 4.5 4 Karolbagh 47 23 5 City Zone 10 8.6 6 Civil Lines 77 339 7 Shahadara South 174 134 8 Shahadara North 197 135 9 Narela 84 83 10 Rohini 142 180 11 West 185 410 12 Najafgarh 202 228 Total 1296 1694.1

Source: Nav Bharat Times, New Delhi, 31st July, 2006

Table 10.3 shows that the BOD level in four of the ten drains is in the range of 100-200, in two of the drains in the range of 200-300 and in three out of ten drains above 300 mg/litre. Thus in 90 % of these drains the discharge is comparable to a range of weak to strong domestic sewage.

Table 10.3: BOD load (TPD) contributed to river Yamuna by different drains in Delhi stretch

BOD load (TPD) S. No.

Drain Min Max Average

% BOD Load Contribution

1. Najafgarh Drain 64.60 459.53 121.57 32.99 2. Magazine Road Drain 0.36 3.93 1.61 0.44 3. Sweepers Colony

Drain 0.07 1.76 0.73 0.20

4. Khyber Pass Drain 0.03 1.05 0.25 0.07 5. Metcalf House Drain 0.19 1.95 0.54 0.15 6. ISBT Drain 0.85 9.34 3.42 0.93 7. Tonga Stand Drain 0.25 8.16 1.50 0.41 8. Moat Drain 0.03 0.26 0.10 0.03 9. Civil Mill Drain 3.55 28.00 12.89 3.50 10. Delhi Gate Drain 4.58 25.41 10.61 2.88 11. Sen Nursing Home

Drain 8.50 66.65 28.17 7.64

12. Drain No. 12A 0.17 3.19 0.63 0.17 13. Drain No. 14 3.70 44.39 21.41 5.81



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BOD load (TPD) S. No.

Drain Min Max Average

% BOD Load Contribution

14. Barapulla Drain 0.06 103.20 14.30 3.88 15. Maharani Bagh Drain 8.75 60.51 23.99 6.51 16. Kalkaji Drain 0.05 1.71 0.49 0.13 17. Tehkhand Drain 0.38 2.77 1.43 0.39 18. Tughlaqabad Drain 0.23 1.71 0.68 0.18 19. Shahdara Drain 27.75 203.40 64.71 17.56 20. Sarita Vihar Drain 7.74 86.86 39.93 10.83 21. Drain at LPG Bottling

Plant 0.32 6.29 2.33 0.63

22. Drain near Sarita Vihar Bridge

7.18 56.60 17.25 4.68

Total 139.34 1176.67 368.54 100 Source : CPCB Annual Report, 2001-02

10.4 ISSUES

• For a fast growing mega city spread over 1483 square kilometers with built areas, undulated and ridge areas, having multiple drainage basins and finally holding a population of 14 millions, it is a very complex task to have a detailed overview of the overall drainage situation and translate this into a workable comprehensive drainage plan.

• Detailed information regarding the topography of the whole city, invert

levels of all the natural and man-made drains, invert levels of the corresponding sewer lines, information about linkage of underground sewer drains and storm water drains would be required through a meticulous survey.

• The task becomes even more complicated due to the actual situation of

storm water drainage described above. Storm water drainage is meant to carry storm water (rain water) and any other clean surface water. It is fundamentally not suitable or designed for carrying sewage or industrial waste water or even septic tank effluent. Even the effluent from the sewage treatment plant can not be discharged into it unless it meets the norms set by the BIS code and the Central Pollution Control Board.

• Therefore one of the urgent tasks should be to make plans for diversion of

all waste water (both domestic and industrial) from surface drains.

• Roads and drains need to be planned, designed and constructed together so that there is a proper linkage between them and they serve the purpose of not only drainage and collection of surface water on the roads but also facilitate road sweeping and separate collection of solid waste.

• Some of the drains are from the Mughal period and have heritage value.

These need to be revived in a suitable manner keeping in view their historical content and their present context. These could, for example be vehicles of ground water recharge through a green sheet of grass and shrubs and a functional lined drain in the middle to carry the lean time discharge.



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• There should be strict instructions to the construction agencies to clear all debris and construction material from within the drains before covering the slabs. This is crucial for proper functioning of the drains.

• For cleaning / desilting of major covered drains, 6 nos. of 'Super Sucker's

are recommended.

• A report entitled 'Waste Water Management : South Delhi Greenway Project' prepared by the IIT, Delhi has outlined an innovative way to rejuvenate the natural drainage system for Barapulla drain through waste water treatment and modification of the cross section of the drain. Similar projects should be prepared for all the major drains mentioned at Table 10.3 above so that the problem can be solved from the very root in a long term sustainable way.

• An appropriate 'Drainage Authority of NCT' should be created to deal with

all sewer, storm water and natural drains within the NCT area in a comprehensive manner.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 11 : Review of Road Network and Transport System

Chapter – 11 Review of Road Network & Transport System


11-1

CHAPTER - 11 REVIEW OF ROAD NETWORK

AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM 11.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi being the capital city is the center of socio economic, cultural and political activities of the country. The city also acts as a major center of trade and commerce and is the nodal point for five national highways and intercity rail corridors, carrying large volumes of heterogeneous passenger and goods traffic. The national highways and other major road network carry intra city and intercity traffic traversing to and from the different parts of the country.

The transport system of Delhi consists of a well-developed transport network system, based on ring and radial pattern, large fleet of buses (DTC & CNG) and a suburban rail system including MRTS. The majority share of travel needs of Delhi commuters is met by road based transport systems.

There has been a major improvement in transport infrastructure in recent years in terms of flyovers, road widening, new roads development and development of metro rail corridors along major routes of travel in the city. Due to continuous increase in population, employment opportunities and number of vehicles, there is a constant increase in demand over the years; and infrastructure has not grown in adequate proportions making the existing network system function beyond its capacity. This has led to serious traffic problems of congestion, delays, safety, pollution and system management. The transportation system being multidisciplinary and multidimensional requires integration and co-ordination amongst the various agencies. Multi agency planning and implementation add to overall inefficiency due to interagency interests and conflicts. The major activities and agencies involved in this sector are presented in Table 11.1. Table 11.1: Activities & Agencies in Transport Sector

S.No. Activities Agencies Involved 1. Construction & Maintenance

of roads, flyovers/ ROB /RUB, Pedestrian subways etc.

Delhi Development Authority Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Cantonment Board Irrigation & Flood Control Dept. Delhi Tourism & Tpt. Dev. Corp.



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S.No. Activities Agencies Involved

2. Protection of Right of Way from encroachment

Delhi Development Authority Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Cantonment Board JJ & Slum Dept. Delhi Police

3. Shifting & Rehabilitation of services and structures from footpaths and roads

Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Vidyut Board Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. Delhi Police Delhi Jal Board Gas Authority of India Limited Irrigation & Flood Control Dept.

4. Detailed Planning for Road & Infrastructure Dept.

Ministry of Urban Development Delhi Development Authority Public Works Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Committee Delhi Cantonment Board Delhi Transport Corporation Delhi Urban Arts Commission Indian Railways Trans Yamuna Dev. Board

5. Regulation and control of mss transport system

State Transport Authority Indian Railways Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Delhi Transport Corporation Inland Waterways Authority of India Delhi Multimodal Integrated Transport Systems Ltd.

6. Control of ribbon development

Ministry of Urban Development Delhi Development Authority Land and Building Dept. GNCTD Transport Authority Ministry of Road & Transport

The main agencies involved in managing the transport sector are

• State Transport Authority --- registration of vehicles, routing of public transport services

• P.W.D., M.C.D. --- Construction and maintenance of roads, • D.T.C. – operating public bus transport system, • D.D.A. --- Construction of roads in newly planned areas • N.H.A.I. --- Construction and maintenance of National Highways • D.M.R.C. is responsible for Metro Rail



11-3

• Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transport system limited (DIMTS), a new agency, has been created for management of new public transport systems in the city of Delhi with a budget of 150 crore1. However, the scope of this agency is limited to mass transport systems in Delhi --- there is an urgent need for Delhi Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority whose scope can even be extended to DMA and NCR towns for coordination and implementation of projects and priorities. Until such an agency/authority is established a policy level committee may be set up involving various agencies.

11.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS – TRANSPORT NETWORKS

Delhi is predominantly dependant on road based transport systems as the railways caters to only about 1% of local traffic demand. The poly-nucleated urban structure of Delhi has a hierarchical system of commercial and shopping centers besides well-distributed industrial areas. Widespread distribution of employment centers all over the urban space of Delhi has contained the growth in length of trips. The residential areas are located around the economic activities. The shorter trip lengths and inadequate public transport system has fueled the growth of private modes of travel at a rapid rate in the city.

Transport network of Delhi consists of road network and rail network catering to intra city and inter city movement of traffic. The freight traffic is also substantial as Delhi acts as collection and distribution center.

11.2.1 Road Network The road network in Delhi is being developed and maintained by NHAI, DDA, PWD, MCD, NDMC and Delhi cantonment Board. There are nine major inter urban corridors catering to major intercity traffic. These are NH1, NH2, NH8, NH10, NH24, NH24 BYPASS, NH58, NH57 and Loni road (SH) connecting Delhi to DMA & NCR Towns and to the rest of the country. In addition, traffic enters the city through other arterials and sub arterials roads at more than forty locations. The road network in Delhi was 28,500 Km. in March 20012. The road network has increased from 8380 Km. in 1971-72 to 28,500 Km. in 2001 (three times). The road network can be categorized into four types i.e. Arterial roads, sub arterial roads, minor arterial roads and collector roads. About 1100 Km. of road length are provided with right of way 30 m and above, while another 1000 Km. form the major links carrying the traffic in Delhi. Road network accounts for about 21% of the total area, which is above average of 12 to 15 % for urban areas. This translates into a road density of 19.2 Km. per Sq. Km (for 1483 sq. kms); and 38 kms per Sq. Km, considering the current urban area of 750 sq. kms. Being already on the high side, this limits the potential for increase in road length.

1 For the construction and implementation of one corridor of the High Capacity Bus System 2 Data presented in this section has been extracted from secondary sources. The latest data available at the overall city level has been used (source and year have been mentioned ).



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The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH-8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T.Road ( NH1 ), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials whereas Mahatma Gandhi Road ( Ring Road ), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials carrying bulk of traffic in the city.

The expansion of the road network and the growth of vehicular traffic in Delhi has resulted in the installation of traffic signals at short distances. There are more than 700 signalized intersections located all over Delhi to control traffic operations and ensure smooth flow of traffic. These signalized intersections have led to excessive time and fuel consumption for all vehicular trips. The Delhi Traffic Police has introduced Area Traffic Control (ATC) System in Central Delhi covering about 48 intersections to provide real time green phases to cater to changing traffic needs. To provide uninterrupted movement of traffic, a special program to construct flyovers was initiated in Delhi. During the 9th five-year plan, 11 flyovers/ROB/Grade separators were constructed in Delhi by various agencies (PWD, DDA, DTTDC and MCD). This program of construction of flyovers has been continuing in the 10th Five Year Plan and 10 flyovers were constructed and 12 flyovers are under construction at various locations in Delhi. However, the absence of right turning loops at many of the flyovers are causing enormous delays for right turning traffic. REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY Existing road network for connectivity of Delhi with rest of the region is a four lane or six lane divided carreiageway. NHAI is converting the road connecting Delhi to Gurgaon into an eight-lane Toll expressway that is of 28 Km. length (18 Km. in Haryana and 10 Km. in Delhi). The project is being constructed on BOT basis. DMA towns of Faridabad, Rohtak, Sonepat, Gaziabad, NOIDA are well connected with Delhi having multiple road linkages. To reduce the load of intercity traffic through in nature and for speedy interaction between NCR towns and Delhi new ring road / peripheral road projects are under process of implementation as follows : i) Faridabad – NOIDA – Gaziabad – This is an Eastern Peripheral Expressway

with a total length of 106 Km. and is being implemented by formation of SPV between NCRPB,MOUD,ILFS and state Govt. of Haryana,U.P.and Delhi.

ii) Palwal – Manesar - Kundli – This is Western Peripheral Expressway and is

being implemented by NHAI connecting NH 1, 8 and 10.



11-5

Figure 11.1 : Road Network Map of Delhi 11.2.2 Rail Network

The rail network consists of both broad gauge and meter gauge railway lines. Delhi is a major junction on the rail map of India linked with all the metropolitan cities directly Delhi is connected by 8 radial lines extending to suburban areas spreading to states of U.P. and Haryana. These radials are: a) Delhi Gaziabad Khurja b) Delhi Gaziabad Hapur c) Delhi Gaziabad Meerut d) Delhi Shahadra Shamli e) Delhi Sonepat Panipat f) Delhi Nangloi Rohtak g) Delhi Gurgaon Rewari h) Delhi Nizamuddin Okhla Palwal.

The rail network has two specifically identified lines known as the Goods Avoiding Lines (GAL) and Delhi Avoiding Lines (DAL) forming a ring in the city and ring rail system in Delhi. The GAL provides a direct entry from Gaziabad to New Delhi bypassing the congested Delhi Railway Station Complex. The DAL provides a direct passage from the major yards- Tughlakabad and Gaziabad directly into the Delhi – Ambala Kalka section and through Lajpat Nagar, Patel Nagar, Daya Basti and Azadpur link. There are four main railway stations at New Delhi, Old Delhi, Hazrat Nizamuddin and Sarai Rohilla besides container depots at Patparganj and Tuglakbad. To improve connectivity of Delhi with the region rail projects for commuter travel have been identified as a part of regional rapid transit system. The



11-6

priority corridors in the projects include Delhi Palwal, Delhi Panipat, and Delhi Gaziabad. Besides there are proposals to extend the metro corridors to NOIDA and Gurgaon to cater to the demand of travel. These projects are under various stages of implementation. Two IRBT corridors of movement from Pul Bangash- Subzi Mandi –Narela and Badarpur to Tilak Bridge are included as a part of IMMRTS plan to be implemented by Railways by 2010.

11.3 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS

11.3.1 Vehicular Growth Trends There has been an exponential growth in number of vehicles on the road in Delhi, which increased from 2.14 lakh in 1971 to 5.36 lakh in 1981, 17.64 lakh in 1991, 34.54 lakh in 2001 and 45.5 lakh in 2005. This represents an annual compound growth of 6.5%, while the road length has increased at a rate of 2 % per annum. The total number of vehicles in Delhi is more than the total no. of vehicles in other three major metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai, with a predominance of two wheelers and cars, used as private passenger vehicles. The growth trends of motor vehicles at National and mega city levels are presented in Table 11.2 and Figure 11.2. Table 11.2: Growth Trends of Motor Vehicles- India & Megacities (in ‘000)

Year All India Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Chennai 1981 5371 536 307 - 120 1986 10577 961 480 339 228 1991 21374 1813 629 475 544 1996 33783 2630 724 588 812 1998 40939 3033 860 664 975 2002 58924 3925 1350 1051 1354

Source : Motor transport Stat. of India, MoST

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

NO

. OF

VEH

ICLE

S

1981 1986 1991 1996 1998 2002YEAR

DELHIMOUMBAIKOLKATACHENNAI

Figure 11.2 : Trends in Growth of Motor Vehicles in four Metropolis



11-7

The trends of registered motor vehicles in Delhi is presented in Table 11.3. It can be observed that decennial growth rate is substantially higher in case of private vehicles (94.54%) as compared to commercial vehicles (18.22%). In the category of private vehicles, cars and jeeps has registered a decennial growth of 142.92%, which is highest among all categories of vehicles followed by two wheelers with 77.61%. In the commercial category of vehicles, buses have registered a decennial growth rate of 62.5% followed by taxies (33.33%) and goods vehicles (16.24%). Though there is decline in animal drawn vehicles; the number of slow moving vehicles is continuously on the increase, owing to the addition of cycles and cycle rickshaws every year. The percentage distribution of categories of motor vehicles in Delhi shows that there has been a rapid increase in the number of cars during the decade while there has been a decline in the other categories of vehicles. About two third of motor vehicles are two wheelers though a decreasing trend in that share has been observed since 1990. On the other hand, due to the arrival of low priced small cars and easy financing mechanisms, there is an indication towards a shift from two wheelers to cars. The share of cars has increased from 22% in 1991 to 31% in 2005. Table 11.3: Trends of Registered Motor Vehicles in Delhi (In ‘000) Year Car Sc/Mc 3 Whlr. Taxi Goods Buses Total 1980 117 334 20 6 36 8 521 1985 175 637 31 9 59 14 925 1990 384 1191 62 10 99 19 1765 1995 618 1708 78 13 132 28 2576 1998 805 2077 86 17 149 35 3167 2000 910 2262 90 18 161 39 3480

Source : Delhi Statistical Handbook & Tpt. Dept.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

YEAR

Car Sc/Mc 3 Whlr. Taxi Goods Buses

Figure 11.3 : Percentage Distribution of motor vehicles in Delhi The growth of private vehicles has resulted in an increased number of vehicles on the streets of Delhi increasing traffic densities, congestion, vehicle emissions and associated problems on road.



11-8

11.3.2 Road Accident Trends The heterogeneity and magnitude of vehicle population, the unpredictability of human behavior, poor road geometry, deficiencies in vehicle and road design, and economic constraints are some of the factors leading to road accidents in Delhi. High growth rate of population & motor vehicles and road traffic vis-à-vis the road system and greater complexity of vehicular traffic on roads have contributed to the increasing number of accidents and especially the fatality rates. Table 11.4 shows the traffic accident trends in Delhi between 1980 and 2001. It can be observed that there are 28 accidents per day and 4 fatalities per day due to accidents. Details of accidents reveals that pedestrians, cyclist and two wheeler riders are the most vulnerable road users accounting for 55%, 10% and 24% of total causalities in 1999. Fatalities mostly occurred among pedestrians followed by two wheeler riders. One of the most vulnerable groups w.r.t. irresponsible driving is the school child. The major killer roads (1999) include Ring Road, Outer Ring Road, Najafgarh road, Mathura road and Rohtak road. In the absence of adequate infrastructure facilities and procedural delays, accidents handling causes traffic hold ups and related pollution effects. Table 11.4: Trends in Accidents on Delhi Roads

Fatality Rate Year Population ( Lakh )

No. of Vehicles (Lakh )

Road Deaths Per lakh

population

Per 1000

vehicles

Total Accident

s

1980 60.35 5.21 747 12.37 14.32 4300 1985 74.63 9.25 1269 17.0 13.71 6254 1990 89.10 17.65 1670 18.74 9.11 7659 1995 110.61 25.76 2070 18.71 8.04 10138 1998 122.81 31.67 2123 17.28 6.70 10217 2001 137.8 37.0 1842 13.37 4.98 9744

Source : Delhi Statistical Handbook



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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 2001

YEAR

NU

MB

ERS

Road Deaths Total Accidents

Figure 11.4 : Road Accidents Trends on Delhi roads

11.3.3 Traffic Characteristics

Delhi transport needs are basically met by road-based systems while the rail-based systems serve marginal needs. The basic modes of traffic in Delhi are buses, private vehicles, taxis, auto rickshaws, cycle rickshaws and cycles. The inadequacy of public transport becomes evident during peak hours when buses carry crush loads on them with passengers hanging on footboards and roads are choked with traffic moving at very low speeds.

Traffic Volume Traffic intensities on the major roads of Delhi show constant increase. The construction of flyovers at various locations has only slowed down the process of congestion and delay. The adverse conditions have shifted from intersections to other locations. The roads capacities have reduced by encroachments and parking. A study was conducted on the city wide network in 2002 by C.R.R.I. for Govt. of India to assess urban road traffic. The traffic volumes recorded at 51 locations of Delhi are presented in Table 11.5. It can be observed from the Table that roads are carrying more than one lakh vehicles in the inner and middle areas of Delhi. Traffic is most critical on bridges across Yamuna – I.T.O. Bridge carrying the maximum traffic followed by Nizamuddin Bridge. The traffic is constantly increasing at a rate of about 2.5% per annum and heavy intensity of traffic is adding to the environment degradation of the city and in fact traffic is the largest contributor to pollution levels in Delhi. After the construction of Metro corridor from Connaught Place to Ashok Nagar and new signature bridge near Wazirabad the traffic across river Yamuna is expected to ease out on existing bridges.



11-10

Figure 11.5 : Traffic Flow Pattern on road network in Delhi

Traffic Composition

A broad analysis of the composition of vehicles in the inner, middle and outer areas are presented in Figure 11.6. It can be observed that proportion of cars has increased throughout Delhi and proportion of Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) modes like auto rickshaws / taxis has gone down from 1991 to 2002. The proportion of two wheelers has remained more or less same during the decade.

Table 11.5: Traffic Volumes on Major Arterial Roads in Delhi

Traffic Composition( in percentage ) S.No. Location Duration (Hours)

Traffic Volume Cars Auto 2

Whlr Bus Goods Slow

1 Minto Road 16 98417 33.0 19.9 36.4 4.6 1.4 4.7 2 Punchkuin Road 16 90728 26.8 24.4 40.5 2.3 1.3 4.8 3 SBS Marg 16 36319 31.7 14.3 35.3 12.4 0.8 5.5 4 Sansad Marg 16 28329 33.7 16.0 31.8 14.6 0.7 3.2 5 Janpath 16 54634 51.1 18.9 23.4 2.8 0.6 3.1 6 Bara Khamba Road 24 39471 39.8 22.7 25.6 8.9 0.8 2.1 7 Netaj Subhash Marg 16 80671 22.5 24.1 27.9 10.8 1.1 13.6 8 Ring Road ( Rajghat ) 24 111455 38.9 13.0 32.6 5.9 9.1 0.5



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9 Tilak Marg 16 53932 36.6 19.1 32.1 6.3 0.8 5.1 10 Zakir Hussain Marg 16 96712 48.7 11.9 28.6 3.6 4.7 2.5 11 Mathura Road 16 110454 45.7 11.1 34.6 3.7 2.0 2.9 12 India Gate 16 108525 53.6 11.6 28.9 3.1 2.0 0.8 13 Lala Lajpat Rai Road 24 135411 49.9 12.5 31.2 2.4 2.5 1.5 14 Ring Road (Safdarjung

) 16 72962 32.7 15.7 34.5 9.7 1.4 5.9

15 Aurobindo Marg 16 97085 47.8 14.4 26.8 8.4 1.2 1.3 16 Ring Road ( Naraina) 16 75813 40.2 8.3 37.2 5.9 5.9 2.5 17 Sardar Patel Road 16 62239 44.8 11.7 31.3 4.8 3.1 4.4 18 Shankar Road 16 78086 51.8 8.8 31.8 4.4 1.5 1.7 19 New Rohtak Road 16 88759 32.2 16.2 38.8 4.4 3.8 4.5 20 Ashok Vihar Road 16 53429 46.5 7.0 31.5 1.6 2.3 11.0 21 Sham Nath Marg 16 66479 43.3 9.6 31.9 9.4 2.5 3.3 22 Wazirabad Road 16 64965 17.2 9.9 26.7 13.7 10.6 22.1 23 ISBT Flyover 16 114379 15.7 11.3 39.8 5.5 6.7 21.1 24 G.T. Shahdra Road 16 67184 11.8 21.8 44.0 0.4 1.9 20.2 25 I.T.O. Bridge 16 166175 30.5 12.0 42.7 6.8 2.3 5.1 26 Nizamuddin Bridge 16 154955 48.2 5.7 35.6 3.8 2.8 4.0 27 Patpadganj Road 16 39634 17.4 7.1 34.3 4.5 1.6 35.1 28 Maa Anandmai Marg 16 76533 35.8 11.7 36.1 4. 4.7 7.7 29 Madangir road 16 80252 24.7 13.4 22.2 5.7 3. 31.0 30 Press Enclave Road 16 53984 48.4 9.7 28.4 3.2 2.2 8.2 31 Janak Setu 16 88450 46.9 7.0 38.1 5.5 1.4 1.1 32 Pankha Road 16 60501 20.8 6.2 29.0 6.9 2.3 35.0 33 Old Gurgaon Road 16 19056 26.8 3.3 31.3 8.3 11.8 18.4 34 Najafgarh Road 16 87202 20.5 5.8 39.8 5.2 2.0 26.7 35 Qutabgarh Road 16 36802 11.7 3.0 35.1 5.1 7.8 37.3 36 Auchandi Road 16 14735 13.9 3.5 27.4 7.8 12.4 34.9 37 Loni Road 16 91027 5.2 14.9 22.0 1.1 2.1 54.6 38 Ghazipur Road 16 31188 17.5 7.1 35.2 3.5 4.1 32.5 39 Pusa Road 16 65214 43.4 16.1 26.5 10.3 1.9 1.9 40 Ring Road(Ashram

F.O) 24 51979 45.6 11.3 27.3 7.2 7.1 1.6

41 Africa Avenue 24 62863 44.6 10.7 31.2 5.2 3.5 4.8 42 C.P. ( Outer Circle ) 24 68918 39.8 23.0 27.2 6.4 1.2 2.4 43 Mehrauli Road 24 59859 56.3 0.2 25.4 1.2 9.1 7.6 44 Rajokri Border ( NH 8

) 24 63851 50.6 0.4 28.8 3.4 13.1 3.8

45 Rohtak Road ( NH 10 )

24 25203 31.6 1.0 28.5 4.9 17.1 16.9

46 Karnal Road ( NH 1 ) 24 30735 44.8 0.3 11.9 7.4 32.3 3.3 47 G.T.Road ( Old NH 1 ) 24 33621 27.9 1.8 30.0 3.8 21.9 14.7 48 NH 24 Bypass 24 52329 33.4 6.7 28.0 2.4 6.9 22.6 49 NOIDA Link Road 24 62173 41.4 4.4 27.9 2.7 15.8 7.8 50 Mathura Road ( NH 2 ) 24 84195 39.2 1.9 29.6 2.7 14.6 11.9 51 Wazirabad Road 24 29713 23.1 3.2 25.5 3.3 12.2 32.7 Source : C.R.R.I. Study 2002



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Inner Area - 1991

Cars 27%

Two Whlr.33%

Auto/Taxi24%

Buses6%

Goods0%

SMV10%

Inner Area - 2002

Cars 38%

Two Whlr.32%

Auto/Taxi19%

Buses5%

Goods2%

SMV4%

Middle Area - 1991

Cars 31%

Two Whlr.37%

Auto/Taxi17%

Buses6%

Goods1%

SMV8%

Middle Area - 2002

Cars 44%

Two Whlr.31%

Auto/Taxi13%

Buses6%

Goods3%

SMV3%

Outer Area - 1991

Cars 23%

Two Whlr.31%

Auto/Taxi15%

Buses5%

Goods4%

SMV22%

Outer Area - 2002

Cars 32%

Two Whlr.32%

Auto/Taxi8%

Buses5%

Goods7%

SMV16%

Figure 11.6 : Comparison of Traffic Composition on major arterial roads in Delhi–1991 & 2002

Peak Hour Traffic Characteristics

Peak Hour Traffic volumes of Ring Road are presented in Table 11.6 and peak hour traffic on some prominent roads in the Central areas is given in Table 11.7. The traffic pattern on the Inner Ring shows that there is a steady increase in the v/c (volume / capacity) ratio from 1990 to 2004. In Central areas the volumes have reached saturation levels on major roads. Heavy traffic is observed at all major locations on the outer cordons of Delhi and most of the locations are choked with traffic in peak hours. This is evident from Table 11.8 - it can be observed that the v/c ratio during peak hours at most of the prominent locations is more than one. The traffic characteristics at these urban arterials highlights the intense interaction of Delhi with Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Loni and Gaziabad. Intercity traffic enters Delhi from 87 locations, of which 42 locations have tolling stations of GNCTD. Table 11.6: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes on Ring Road



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Peak Volume ( PCU per hour )

Volume / Capacity Ratio S.No. Segment

1990 2004 1990 2004 1. Dhola Kuan to Raja

Garden 6200 10726 0.78 1.34

2. Raja Garden to Azadpur

6200 9904 0.56 0.90

3. Azadpur to I.S.B.T. 5700 6503 0.52 0.59 4. I.S.B.T. to

B.S.Gurudwara 5800 7714 0.53 0.70

5. B.S.Gurudwara to AIIMS

7300 12493 0.66 1.14

6. AIIMS to Dhola Kuan 6100 13617 0.55 1.24 Source : P.W.D.-1990 & IL &FS-2004

Table 11.7: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes in Central Areas

Volume / Capacity Ratio S.No. Location

Morning Peak Evening Peak 1. Ashoka Road 0.91 0.89 2. Bara Khamba Road 0.96 0.94 3. Janpath 0.84 0.92 4. Outer Circle, C.P. 0.93 0.87 5. Sansad Marg 0.63 0.54 6. K.G.Marg 0.63 0.61 7. Inner Circle C.P. 0.71 0.87 8. Punchkuin Road 1.04 0.98 9. Tolstoy Marg 0.57 0.58 10. Rajpath Road 0.31 0.34

Source : RITES survey 2005.

Table 11.8: Peak Hour Traffic Volumes on Outer Cordons of Delhi

Peak Volume ( PCU per hour )

Volume / Capacity Ratio S.No. Location

Morning Evening Morning Evening 1. Singhu Border( NH1) 2539 4463 0.53 0.93

2. Badarpur Border (NH1)

5453 4554 1.13 0.94

3. Rajokai Border(NH8) 4514 7020 0.63 0.97 4. Shahadra ( NH24) 4959 3763 1.03 0.78

5. Kalindi Kunj 5951 6411 1.24 1.34 6. M.G.Road(Aaya Nagar

) 7358 6794 1.02 0.94

7. Old Gurgaon Road 3603 4805 0.75 1.00 8. Tikri Border ( NH10) 3125 5444 0.65 1.13 9. Gazipur ( NH24

Bypass ) 4522 4200 0.84 0.77

10. Mohan Nagar Border 3769 6937 0.69 1.28 11. Loni Border 7559 5781 1.05 0.80 12. NOIDA link Road 4595 5287 0.96 1.10

Source : RITES Survey, 2005



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Traffic at Intersections

City main intersections are loaded with traffic much beyond their handling capacities leading to heavy stopped delays especially in peak hours. Most intensely loaded intersections in terms of number of vehicles are I.T.O. intersection (1,98,970),Moti Nagar intersection (176,866), Jhandewalan Intersection (1,70,296), Jageer Palace intersection (1,69,935) , Laxmi Nagar intersection (1,55,852), Madhuban Chowk (1,46,693), Azadpur Intersection (1,42,163), Tagore Park intersection (1,40,613), Ashram Chowk (1,39,749) and Africa Avenue –Outer Ring Road Intersection (1,37,986). The traffic volumes were recorded in 12 hour duration in 2002 by CRRI in their study for Auto Fuel Policy for GOI.

11.3.4 Traffic speeds

Speed characteristics on the major arterial road network of city are presented in Table 11.9. It can be observed that during morning and evening peak hours 55 % to 60 % of the major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph, while in even off peak hours 40 to 45 % of major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph. About 20% or more of the arterial road network is operating under highly congested conditions with travel speeds falling below 20 kmph throughout the day. There is very little change in speeds during peak and off peak periods and the network is operating at its capacity. Any disturbance in traffic flows create long queues and delays to traffic.

Table 11.9: Speeds on Major Arterial Roads in Delhi

Morning peak Evening Peak Off Peak Speeds

Direction 1

Direction 2

Direction 1

Direction 2

Direction 1

Direction 2

< 50 Kmph

4.87 3.76 1.8 4.15 5.42 6.68

45-50 Kmph

4.42 3.01 1.44 6.06 4.93 3.02

40-45 Kmph

11.05 7.26 5.54 8.47 8.02 13.61

35-40 Kmph

18.63 13.67 15.78 11.08 19.09 14.99

30-35 Kmph

17.62 13.31 18.99 1.07 19.73 18.23

25-30 Kmph

1.93 20.37 15.52 17.15 12.91 12.68

20-25 Kmph

18.54 17.4 13.9 15.62 10.67 11.91

> 20 Kmph

13.94 21.21 27.03 19.4 19.23 18.89

Source : CRRI Study, 2006. Note : All values are in percentage



11-15

11.3.5 Parking Daily trips made by personalized modes require parking spaces at both ends of the trip. There is a huge gap in the demand and supply of parking spaces which leads to spill over of parking on the road. There is lack of proper planning and management of parking facilities. Inadequate and inefficient public transport systems leads to greater use of private modes of transport. A car is parked for 90 to 95% of time at residence or place of work. Land resources in the city are limited and scarce, while the increase in parking demand is high. Inadequate parking adds to congestion and delays on major arterial roads. Current parking demand and supply at some of the prominent locations of the city are presented in Table 11.10. Table 11.10: Parking Demand at Prominent Locations in Delhi

S. No.

Location Peak Demand

ECS

Peak Supply

ECS

Shortfall ( %)

1. Connaught Place 5342 2986 44% 2. Outside Connaught Circus 5894 3282 44% 3. Nehru Place 7713 3717 52 % 4. Lajpat Nagar 2604 1598 39% 5. Chandani Chowk 4572 2102 54% 6. Sadar Bazar 1762 1113 37% 7. Kamla Nagar 3333 1806 46% 8. Ajmeri Gate 2176 1217 44% 9. Darya Ganj 5423 3100 43% 10. Krishan Nagar 1297 1091 16% 11. Karol bagh 5352 3585 33% 12. South Extension 2357 1584 33% 13. Bikaji Cama Place 3940 2040 48%

ECS = Equivalent Car Space Right of way on roads in most of the residential areas is encroached for on street parking as the vehicle ownership levels have gone very high. The space for parking in the private plots as per code/bylaws provisions is being used for other purposes putting a stress on the city infrastructure.

11.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS

11.4.1 Intra Urban Movements

As per the household survey in the study area conducted in 2001 by RITES Limited, a total of 176 lakh trips are being performed per day. The per capita trip rate in the study area has been estimated at 1.27 (PCTR of 1.1 in 1993-94). The per capita trip rate for vehicular trips is observed to be 0.87 compared to 0.76 PCTR in 1993-94. PCTR of inter zonal trips is estimated at 0.76 while that of intra zonal trips is 0.51.



11-16

The modal share of passenger trips in the study area is presented in Table 11.11. About 33% of total trips are walk trips, while among the vehicular trips 60% of trips are performed by buses including charted and school buses plying in the area. Personalised vehicle trips have a share of 27 % of vehicular trips in the study area. Table 11.11: Modal Share of Passenger Trips

Passenger Trips ( in % age )

S. No. Mode

2001 1. Bus 59.8 2. Car/Jeep 10.3 3. Two – Wheeler 17.2 4. Auto Rickshaw 3.1 5. Cycle 5.3 6. Train 0.7 7. Other 3.6

Source : RITES Survey, 2001 The average travel time in the city by all modes is observed to be 30 minutes. Average travel time by public transport including bus, charted bus and train is observed to be 49 minutes and more, while travel time by other private modes is between 15 minutes to 30 minutes. Distribution of trips by mode and travel time is presented in Table 11.12. Table 11.12: % Distribution of Trips by Mode and Travel Time

Travel Time ( in minutes ) Mode < 15 15-30 30-60 60-90 > 90 Average

Sc/Ms 18.9 44.72 31.05 4.84 0.40 27 Car 17.4 42.75 34.07 4.96 0.74 32 Auto 20.1 49.45 25.34 4.36 0.73 29 Cycle 34.3 40.37 18.80 4.93 1.54 25 Rickshaw 42.4 54.87 2.59 - 0.11 16 Bus 2.94 23.42 42.77 24.01 6.86 49 S.Bus 8.43 43.13 43.64 3.97 0.83 32 C.Bus 1.46 10.77 55.66 24.82 7.29 55 Train 8.64 1.23 58.03 25.93 6.17 51 Walk 81.1 18.59 0.19 - 0.10 10

Source : RITES Survey, 2001 The modal share of public transport system has to be increased and given priority in all our plans and policies to meet the increasing demands of traffic. Walk trips also constitute for more than one third of the total trips performed per day and accordingly pedestrian facilities need to be improved from place of origin to destination.

11.4.2 Intercity Movements The outer cordon surveys conducted at 15 locations of Delhi border revealed that 1.53 million trips were performed on an average day. Out of these 67% are performed by public transport and the rest were by private modes. About 13 %



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of total intercity trips were estimated to be passing through the city with neither origin nor destination in the city. O-D Pattern of trips at outer cordons is presented in Table 11.13. Table 11.13: O-D Pattern of Trips at Outer Cordons

NUMBER OF TRIPS PER DAY MODE Internal to External

External to Internal

External to External

Total

BUSES 458031(44.5) 441103(42.8) 130330(12.7) 1029464 (100.0) CAR 152302 (43.8) 147314(42.4) 47765(13.8) 347381 (100.0) TWO WHLR. 67281(42.9) 67169(42.8) 22323(14.2) 156773 (100.0) TOTAL 677614 (44.2) 655586(42.7) 200418(13.1) 1533618 (100.0)

Source : RITES survey,2005 Survey at 43 railway stations in Delhi revealed that about 1.0 million trips were performed by rail per day. Out of these about 9% trips were moving within the city while the rest 91% were intercity trips. FREIGHT MOVEMENT Rail Terminals are controlling a bulk of freight traffic which terminates at various locations in Delhi like Tuglaqabad, Delhi Cantt., Narela, Ghevra, I.P.Depot, Naya Azadpur, Shakurbasti and Delhi Safdarjung. A large share of freight movement by road is handled by entry points at NH-8, NH-1, NH-24 and Kalindi Kunj. On an average day (in 2004) about one lakh goods vehicles crossed the Delhi Borders with an average day payload of 1.5 lakh tones. Freight movement on major arterials is presented in Table 11.14. It can be observed that modal share of goods traffic is varying from 4% to 33 % at different locations. Table 11.14: Goods Traffic Movement in Delhi S.No. Location Goods Traffic Total traffic Modal Share of

Goods ( %) 1 G.T.Karnal Road 15991 48897 33% 2 Mathura Road 9126 72906 13% 3 Rajokari Border 12555 80438 16% 4 G.T.Road,Shahdra 9989 57993 17% 5 Kalindi Kunj 10880 95565 11% 6 MGRoad,Aaya Nagar 3661 95306 4% 7 Mandoli Border 5211 54470 10% 8 Kapashera Border 6714 50011 13% 9 Rohtak Road 7729 42771 18% 10 Gazipur Border 6198 66806 9% 11 MohanNagar 3045 74299 4% 12 Loni Border 4718 84915 6% 13 Challa Barrage 4592 64140 7% Total 100409 888517 11%

Source : RITES survey,2005

11.4.3 Public Transport & Para Transit System In any large city, mass transport facilities play an important role in catering to travel demand for work, education and social activities. The present mass



11-18

transport system in Delhi comprises of bus service by Delhi Transport Corporation; private operators and contract carriages; and rail services through ring railway and suburban trains operated by Northern Railway; and Delhi Metro Rail operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. The existing public transport system is grossly inadequate in terms of quality, quantity and coverage, and can not cope with ever increasing travel demand.

11.4.4 City Bus Service Till 1992, Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) was the primary agency for providing the mass transport service, when private buses under the control of the Transport Department were first introduced to supplement the DTC fleet. Today DTC operates 786 city and 131 inter state routes with average route length of 22.4 Km. and 296.4 km. respectively. As per records, in January 2000 the fleet strength of DTC comprised of 3088 DTC buses; and 2593 private buses under DTC operation, totaling to 5681. The present DTC fleet is plagued with overage buses resulting in inefficiency in operation and economic loss. Besides DTC, intercity bus service is also provided by nearly 2600 individually owned private buses. The existing system suffers from: • Lengthy, zigzag and overlapping destination oriented routes: • Maldistribution, low frequency of buses along different routes • Absence of published information • Disorganized private bus operation • Fierce competition, over speeding and non-observance of traffic rules by

private operators • Inadequate enforcement and regulatory

machinery. A new corridor of High Capacity Bus System is being implemented from Ambedkar Nagar to Moolchand Hospital in 2006. Also a new company has been formed by Transport Department Govt. of Delhi to integrate mass transport by various modes of travel, named Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transport Systems Ltd. (DIMTS).

11.4.5 Ring Railway The ring railway was constructed in the 1930’s as the goods avoiding line but its role in intra-urban service is being emphasized since last 40 years. The existing



11-19

system which was built at the cost of 340 million rupees and was expected to cater about 12% of the total commuter load, has proved a non-starter, catering to less than 1% of the load. The reason for this are; • Dependence on availability of goods avoiding lines • Absence of integration with feeder bus operations • Absence of commuter facilities at stations • Inconvenient access of platforms to commuters. • Lack of development along the railway corridor • Unattractive fare structure • Competitive and attractive parallel bus service The ring railway service could be significantly improved by integrating it with radial lines and MRTS systems.

11.4.6 Delhi Metro Rail

As many as 35 studies were conducted by various agencies since 1960 to find a lasting solution to the transport problems of Delhi but none of them reached any purposeful stage .The first decisive step to introduce an MRTS was taken after the feasibility study by RITES, which was completed in 1990. It recommended a rail based system, comprising of a network of underground, elevated and surface

corridors aggregating to 198.5 Km to meet the travel demands.

11.4.7 MRTS Phase-I The Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) is an ambitious project that aims at providing a non- polluting and efficient rail-based transport system, properly integrated with the road transport system. The first phase of the Metro with a total length of 65.1 km. has been completed at an estimated cost of Rs. 10571 crore, and put to operations in March 2006. The details of the corridors is shown in Table 11.15: Table 11.15: Details of Metro Corridors – Phase I (Completed) and Phase II (on-going)

Phases Lines

Nos

Corridors Description Length

(Km)

Phase-1

(2001-

1 Shahdara-Trinagar-Rithala 22.00



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2005)

2 Vishwa Vidyalay- Central Secretariat 11.00

3 Barakhamba Road-Cauuaught Place- Dwarka 22.80

3

Extn.

Extension of Line No 3 Barakhamba Road-

Indraprastha

2.80

Phase –

1A

3A Extension of Line No. 3 into Dwarka Sub-city 6.50

Total 65.1

Phase-2

(2006-10)

2A Extension of line 2 from Vishwa Vidyalay to

Jahangirpuri

6.88

2B Extension of line No 2 from Central Secretriat to Qutab

Minar

10.77

3B Extension of Line No 3 from Indraprastha to New

Ashok Nagar

8.07

4 Shahdara to Dilshad Garden 3.09

5 Kirtinagar to Mundka 18.50

6 Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar ISBT 6.20

Total 53.51

MRTS Phase-II On completion of Phase-I, Phase-II work has been started which includes corridors with a total length of 53.51 km and is expected to be completed by 2010. The estimated cost of completion, at current prices, is Rs. 8500 crore. The details of the corridors are presented in the table above. Metro rail is a high capacity mode and will serve the main traffic corridors in Delhi. There are a large number of other corridors that require medium capacity modes as feeders to Metro or otherwise. The metro is being funded through a loan from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation.

11.4.8 Proposed Integrated Multi Modal Transport System For Delhi

To be effective, public transport has to be integrated, multi modal, and environmentally, socially and financially sustainable. The Metro forms part of a larger Integrated Multi Modal Transport System proposed for the city, including also the following transport systems:

Modes

Corridors Length

Metro 6 118.6 Km



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At-grade HCBS 26 294 Km

Elevated LRT 6 74 Km

Elevated Monorail 3 48 Km

IRBT 2 44 Km

The 6 Metro corridors and the 2 IRBT corridors from a part of the existing DMRC and the NCCRPB plans respectively. The 6 Metro corridors remain unchanged except in the case of two corridors that are proposed to be extended. The proposed network includes 14 corridors that are in the nature of collector routes to serve areas at some distance from the planned major public transport routes. Another 16 corridors are radial that normally would be direct origin to destination routes and hence will meet the objective of minimum interchanges. There are 13 circular routes that will interchange with the radial routes. The overall network of radials and circular corridors has formed a grid and hence most commuters should not need more than or two interchanges to reach their destination. There will be 42 major and 77 minor interchange locations on the proposed network. Common ticketing and passenger information display are proposed to be developed.

With the modal split of 80% public transport is expected to carry 24 million trips by 2021. Metro rail and IRBT, if implemented as planned, are estimated to carry about 15 million trips per day; and the balance 9 million trips are to be catered to by other public transport systems.

11.4.9 Intermediate Public Transport System

Intermediate public transit in Delhi mainly comprise of Mini buses, RTV and Phat phat sewa, while the Personalised public transport services includes cycle rickshaws, three wheeler and taxis. These paratransit modes play a major role in catering to the intra urban travel demand of the city. Though their modal share of trips is only 3.1%, it will remain an integral part of the urban transport system. The cycle rickshaws, though a menace on some of the arterial roads of the city, provide a vital low cost pollution free service, which is most appropriate for certain localities.

11.4.10 Interstate Bus Terminals Delhi attracts significant movement of passengers primarily from DMA towns and NCR towns besides some other towns of neighboring states. Interstate bus operations were started from Kashmiri Gate ISBT in 1975. High growth of interstate bus operations led to the development of two new ISBT’s at Sarai Kale Kan and Anand Vihar in 1998 and a total of three ISBT’s are operating at present. These three ISBT’s cater to an average 3.70 lakh passengers and 5235 bus trips per day. Two more directional ISBT’s at Dwarka and Narela are proposed, while the ISBT at Sarai Kale Khan is proposed to be upgraded to higher standards. Apart from above terminals interstate buses operate from Bhajanpura, R.K.Puram, NDRS, Karampura, Safdarjung, Shivaji Stadium, Nehru Place, Narela, Karol Bagh and ITO, besides several roadside bus stops. Bus operation



11-22

and termination at points other than terminals affects the viability of bus terminals and also creates congestion on the roads.

11.4.11 Inland Water Transport The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) conducted studies for navigational potential of river Yamuna for passenger and cargo service, development of water sports, recreational activities and for the improvement of the environment in Yamuna. No action in this regard could be taken as water level goes down to almost nil in summers making it difficult for the introduction of this kind of facility.

11.5 EMERGING ISSUES

i. High growth rate of vehicles and heavy vehicular volumes on road causing congestion, delay, safety, pollution.

ii. Ineffective utilization of road space- on street parking, encroachments,

lack of pedestrian facilities. iii. Improper road design – No consideration for disabled and pedestrians on

road.

iv. Inadequate and inefficient public transport system – need to address transport system for masses according to their affordability.

v. Lack of integration of land use & transport system. vi. No provision for environment friendly modes like cycles and cycle

rickshaws in road design. vii. Inadequate parking at major commercial areas and work centers and

lack of proper parking policy. viii. Intermixing of local and regional passenger and goods traffic.

ix. Lack of coordination in implementing agencies at city as well as regional

context.

x. Lack of user system interface and transport information. xi. Lack of adequate enforcement and implementation of planned schemes.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 12 : Solid Waste Management

Chapter – 12 Solid Waste Management


12-1

CHAPTER – 12 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

12.1 INTRODUCTION

Appropriate solid waste management of a city is crucial for public health and aesthetic surroundings. It is essential for a clean look. Therefore, the removal of any scattered and littered waste is as important as effective street sweeping and drain cleaning. This also brings to focus the necessity of synergy in the design, construction and maintenance of roads, surface (storm water) drains and storage, collection and transport of solid waste.

Due to its size and multiple activities, different types of solid waste are generated in Delhi:

• Municipal solid waste (from the domestic and commercial sectors and

common areas such as, parks, gardens, street sweepings and drain silt) • Construction and demolition debris (C&D waste) • Bio-medical waste (waste generated by health-care and veterinary

establishments) • Slaughterhouse waste (organized as well, as un-organized activities) • e-Waste • 'Special' waste (small quantities of toxic and hazardous waste generated by

the household and trade sectors) • Industrial waste generated within the city area

The presence of these different types of waste streams complicates the solid waste management scenario leading to deficiencies in planning and management. This is further aggravated by the unplanned settlements – slums and squatter settlements. Apart from the fundamental issue of service provision and problems of accessibility, some of these areas undertake unauthorized recycling of plastics; batteries etc. which may have grave environmental implications.

12.2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 12.2.1 Legal Framework

The Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957 has section 42 C, 355-5.8; stating the functions and role of MCD and citizens in disposal of the waste. The violation of



12-2

the sections 353, 354, 355(2), 356 and 357 are subject to fines ranging from Rs. 25 – 100 Section 357 (1) “Keeping rubbish and filth for more than 24 hours”, carries an additional daily fine of Rs. 10. The brief obligation of MCD is to provide receptacles, depots and places for waste disposal; and not necessarily house to house collection. It is the obligation of occupiers to use these for disposal of their waste.

12.2.2 Institutional Framework

Municipal solid waste management being the responsibility of Local Bodies, the following municipal entities are responsible for their respective areas:

1. Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD): Thus the MCD area includes urban

areas, rural and urban villages, slum clusters and regularized unauthorized colonies. The services of CSE include collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste; road sweeping; cleaning of surface drains, construction and maintenance of public conveniences.

S.

No. Item Area

(sq. km) Number Responsible

Department 1 Total area 1397.30 2 Urban area

(approx.) 595.00

3 Rural area (approx.) 795.00 4 Administrative

zones of MCD 12

5 Total number of employees

More than 52000

6 Number of workers (Safai Karmachari)

About 50000

Conservancy and Sanitary Engineering Department (CSE), presently changed to the Department of Environmental Management Services (DEMS)

2. New Delhi Municipal Council and (NDMC) : The activities include street

sweeping everyday; removal of the garbage deposited in 'dhalao' (masonry dustbins) and metallic bins; and transporting the waste to MCD landfill sites at Ghazipur. The green (mainly horticulture) waste is transported to the NDMC compost plant at Okhla.

S.

No. Item Area

(sq. km) Number Responsible

Department 1 Area 42.74 2 Sanitation Circles 13 3 Number of employees

involved with sanitation

1800

Health Department

3. Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB): In the cantonment area also, the roads and

markets are swept and garbage is lifted.

S. No.

Item Area (sq. km)

Number Responsible Department

1 Area 42.97 2 Number of

employees involved with sanitation

450 Health Department



12-3

12.3 WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION 12.3.1 Waste Collection Services

Total sweeping staff available with MCD and NDMC is in ratio of 1:216 persons and 1:326 persons respectively. This is above (better than) the prescribed norms of 1:500 in Central Public Health and Environmental Engineer Organisation (CPHEEO) manual. Within the municipal area, some zones have been contracted out to private contractors for functions ranging from the primary collection to waste disposal. They have their own sweeping staff, waste collectors and vehicles to transport the waste from collection points to disposal sites. MCD has privatized collection of municipal solid waste in 6 zones through 3 private operators, in order to save costs and improve efficiency in service delivery. These operators have to put sets of two bins (blue and green coloured) for collection of non-biodegradable / recyclable and bio-degradable waste respectively. These bins are emptied into separate vehicles of similar colour daily. The operators are also expected to do segregation of bio-degradable and non-biodegradable solid waste before the waste is collected into separate vehicles.

NDMC has 900 community bins (masonry built) and 1000 metallic skips (open containers of about 1m3 capacities).

12.3.2 Waste Generation

In the absence of a streamlined and completely controlled system of solid waste management, the available data is based on per capita generation from some studies (e.g., done by NEERI, 19991, Delhi Master Plan 20212, State of Environment Report for Delhi, 20013), vehicle trips and fragmented data from landfill records. Table 12.1 gives some idea of the waste generation, arrived at from such sources:

Table 12.1: Waste Generation arrived

S. No. Local Body Existing

generation for 2001in TPD

Projected * generation for 2021

in TPD 1 Municipal Corporation of Delhi 6300 15100 2 New Delhi Municipal Council 400 550 3 Delhi Cantonment Board 100 100

Source: Public Health Department of MCD, NDMC and DCB * 700 g per capita per day for calculation of projected generation in 2021 as per CPEHHO Manual on solid waste Management

1 Quoted in Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (Status Report for Delhi 21) prepared in 2001: 6000-6300 TPD for MCD, 350-400 TPD for NDMC and about 100 TPD for DCB, the total generation in the National Capital Territory of Delhi shown as around 6500-7000 TPD 2 As per Delhi Master Plan, 2021 (the generation in 2001 being shown as 5250, 245 and 48 TPD for MCD, NDMC and DCB respectively) 3 State of Environment Report for Delhi, 2001, prepared by TERI quote the total figure at 6000-7000 TPD form the NCT (6300, 400 and 100 TPD for MCD, NDMC and DCB respectively)



12-4

A news paper report (Times of India, May 14, 2006, New Delhi) pegs the solid waste generation at 8000 TPD and garbage dumped at the three landfill sites at 7435 TPD. According to a study carried out by IL&FS Ecosmart in 2005, the total generation is around 7700 TPD. The website of NDMC (as accessed on 12.08. 2006) notes lifting of 200-210 TPD garbage from its area.

Keeping in view the somewhat varying figures, it is proposed that the present generation of municipal solid waste may be taken as 6500 TPD for MCD, 400 TPD for NDMC and 100 TPD for DCB (total for NCT 7000 TPD). The figure is corroborated by the figure of waste collection of 6500-7000 TPD presented in a paper by MCD4

12.3.3 Constituents of Waste The variation of biodegradable waste ranges from 61.54% for industrial areas to 90.48% for APMC. This indicates marked variation in the biodegradable component of MSW in accordance with the land use pattern. Industrial areas are considered to generate relatively less amount of biodegradable waste while APMC market is considered to generate maximum amount of biodegradable waste. However, majority of land use like, MIG, LIG, HIG, EWS, Local fruits / vegetable markets, institutional areas public / semi public areas and villages are generating waste with a biodegradable component ranging from 71% to 76.5%. This indicates that the Dhalaos catering to these areas are receiving waste from mixed land use areas existing in the vicinity. The variation in recyclable waste ranges from 1.85 from APMC to 8.24% from industrial areas. The extent of recycling is indicated by the values of individual constituents at the source and at the disposal site. It is evident from this table that the recovery of the recyclable constituent includes paper, plastic, glass crockery, clothes, metal, etc. Paper, plastic and rag contributed a major fraction while glass, metal contributed to a lesser extent. Recyclables from APMC market are expected to be minimum (Refer Table 12.2)

4 (National Workshop on Municipal Solid Waste Management: Sharing of Experiences and Lessons Learnt, New Delhi, July, 2005 and sponsored by HUDCO, USAEP and WSP).


Client : Dept. of Urban Development Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

12-5

Table 12.2: Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Parameter HIG MIG LIG EWS APMC Local Fruits / Vegetable Markets

Institutional Area

Commercial Area

Public & Semi Public Areas

Industrial Areas

Village Areas

Landfill

Composition (%)

Biodegradable

74.9 72.86 72.96 71.28 90.48 76.59 74.63 68.76 74.03 61.54 71.08 62.5

Recyclable 3.86 4.74 5.2 5.99 1.85 4.25 5.00 5.07 5.11 8.24 4.38 3.84 Inert 1.01 1.67 1.43 2.16 0.33 1.16 1.43 1.37 2.37 2.02 1.30 2.75 Others 2.72 3.05 3.95 3.4 0.42 2.18 2.71 8.32 3.20 7.91 3.42 2.45 Bulk Density (MT/m3)

0.36759

0.373851

0.36774

0.374524

0.372024

0.374651 0.359392 0.375547 0.348429

0.3746 0.349915

0.356667

Ash and Fine Earth Content %

17.44 17.68 16.46 17.17 6.92 15.82 16.23 16.48 15.29 20.29 19.82 28.46

Moisture % 44.53 48.78 45.37 47.19 64.7 47.89 48.4 49.92 57.9 31.425 36.80 44.6 Calorific Value (kCal/kg)

1048 1109.47 1048 1096 1760 1321 1139.8 1133.46 1451.75 1014.3 1346 1366

C/N Ratio 21.29 21.35 20.7 20.19 30.03 22.56 17.82 22.52 24.82 19.05 25.76 22.26



12-6

12.3.4 Waste Collection and Storage

Several types of waste receptacles are used in the MCD area – (i) large masonry bins, locally called "Dhalao" (ii) metallic bins of covered and open types (iii) 4-wheeled plastics and FRP bins with large covers, which have been introduced in some areas during the last 2 years and (iv) sites in some localities, where waste has been dumped in the open. The estimated number of dhalaos, metallic bins and open sites is about 2500. Delhi is divided into 12 zones, and each zone comprises different receptacles at which the waste from different corners in zones gets collected. It is transported to landfill sites for final disposal. Zone-wise list of Dhalaos, dustbins and open sites is described in (Refer Table 12.3) Table 12.3: Zone-wise list of Dhalaos, Dustbins and Open Sites

Name of the Zone Total Number of Dhalao Zones Under MCD Shahadara South 184 Shahadara North 133 Rohini 219 Civil Lines 156 Narela 35 City 85 Central 285 West 189 Najafgarh 216 Paharganj 44 Karol Bagh 91 South Zone 384 Cantonment Board 161 NDMC Zone 221

Source: Municipal Corporation of Delhi 12.3.5 Waste Transportation

MCD has 689 trucks (majority of the tipping kind), 71 private tipper trucks (8m3 capacity) and 100 loaders for collection, lifting and carriage of municipal garbage.

12.3.6 Processing and Disposal

Currently, Delhi has 4 compost plants:

S. No Facility

Capacity

(TPD)

Area (Ha)

Starting Year

Technology Remarks

1 Okhla (MCD) (closed at present)

150 3.2 1981 Aerobic windrow composting

Proposed to be upgraded to 200 TPD

2 Okhla (NDMC) 200 3.4 1985 -do- Operated below capacity

3 Bhalswa (Private sector) 500 4.9 1999 -do- Operating at

50% capacity

4 Tikri Khurd (APMC and 125 2.6 2001 -do- Dedicated

waste stream



12-7

S. No Facility

Capacity

(TPD)

Area (Ha)

Starting Year

Technology Remarks

Private Sector) from APMC Total 975 14.1

Thus out of 7000 TPD, only about 400 TPD is being processed at present in the three compost plants and the balance is assumed to be dumped at the three dump-sites (landfills):

Okhla landfill site

Ghazipur landfill site, fish and chicken market on the left



12-8

Slaughterhouse under construction at Ghazipur landfill site

S. No.

Name of site

Location Area (Ha)

Year started

Waste received

(TPD)

Zones supplying waste

1 Bhalsawa North Delhi

21.06 1993 2200 Civil Lines, Karol Bagh, Rohini, Narela, Najafgarh and West

2 Ghazipur East Delhi 29.16 1984 2000 Shahdara (south and north), City, Sadar Paharganj and NDMC

3 Okhla South Delhi

16.20 1994 1200 Central, Najafgarh, South and Cantonment Board

Source: Information provided by MCD The current expenditure for municipal solid waste management for MCD is Rs. 5030 million (Rs. 3860 million non-plan and Rs. 1170 million plan).

Recycling and rag-picking

Recycling and rag-picking of municipal solid waste is widely prevalent in Delhi through the involvement of an extensive network of informal (rag-pickers and scrap-dealers) and formal (recycling facilities) stakeholders. A wide range of materials and items are involved, such as, paper / cardboard, plastics, metals, glass, rubber, leather, textiles and clothing etc. As per a study the number of rag-pickers in Delhi is in the range of 80,000 to 100,000 (Srishti). It is estimated that about 1200-1500 TPD is removed from the municipal collection and disposal chain by these activities. However, these activities, carried out in un-hygienic and unscientific manner, have unfavourable environmental, occupational health and community health implications.



12-9

12.3.7 Construction and Demolition Debris This category of waste comprises predominantly inert waste generated during construction and demolition activities. Major sources of C&D waste are:

Residential waste – normally for small amendments, additions to homes

Property developers – whether residential or commercial

Other sources (roads / pavements /drains / medians improvement,

demolition activities etc.) Table 12.4 along with the pie-chart presents the results of TIFAC estimates of C&D waste composition in India. In addition, current survey findings and assessment carried out in 2005 by IL&FS Ecosmart are also shown in the Table

Typical Composition of Indian C&D waste

Soil, Sand & gravel, 36%

Bricks & Masonry, 31%

Concrete, 23%

Metals, 5%Bitumen, 2%

Wood, 2%Others, 1%

Table 12.4: C&D Waste Composition (in %)

Composition of C&D5 Typical as per

TIFAC MCD Survey,

2004 Survey 2005 by IL&FS Ecosmart

Soil/Sand, Gravel 36.0 43.0 31.5

Bitumen 2.0 - -

Metals 5.0 - 0.4

Masonry / Brick 31.0 15.0 59.0

Concrete 23.0 35.0 -

Wood 2.0 - 1.5

Others 1.0 7.0 7.6 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Note: Metal, Timber, glass, plasterboard and plastic are almost entirely recycled.

From the survey findings of IL&FS Ecosmart, it may be inferred that the C&D waste in Delhi mainly contains soil/sand, gravels and brick masonry.

5 Constituents of C&D waste are, Soil, Concrete, Masonry (i.e, bricks), Stone, Metal, Timber, Glass, Plaster Board and Plastic, porcelain, and Bituminous materials (from road excavations)



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Based on TIFAC study, quantum of waste generated during Construction is of the order of 35 kg / sq.m of construction activity, while during demolition waste generated is about 350 kg / sq.m of demolition. As per the log sheets kept at the landfills, the quantity of C&D waste was found to vary from a high of 2877 TPD in July to a low of 442-446 TPD during August and September during a period of 15 months proceeding May 2005. The average comes to 879 TPD. The higher quantum during July is due to removal of silt from drains. On the other hand, generation of 1600-2000 TPD is indicated as per the transport arrangements of MCD. However, the quantum reaching the landfill is the quantity collected by MCD and does not reflect the generation. It also needs mention that most of the C&D is consumed internally for land filling and bricks, metal and wood are recycled. It is not obligatory for MCD to collect and dispose C & D waste. As per the regulations, the responsibility of disposal of construction waste is with the generator and MCD levies a fee of Rs. 250 / Ton of Waste disposed at landfill. However, significant quantities of waste are disposed at unauthorized / designated public locations. From these points, Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is forced to evacuate C&D to the landfills. Typically, demolition activity is undertaken by specialized demolition contractors who bring their own equipment and personnel and transport the residual waste. The property owners pay fee to the demolition contractors, which is decided based on the recoverable value of recycled materials – steel, wood, glass, pipes etc. by demolition contractors. The diagram below describes the existing collection and transportation practices for C&D in the city of Delhi.

Homes

Developers

Others

Tier 1CycleTractorMule

Tier 2LCVTruck

Authorized sites

Unauthorized sites

Recycled / landfill Landfill

Landfill

LandfillTier III MCD Contractors

Homes

Developers

Others

Tier 1CycleTractorMule

Tier 2LCVTruck

Authorized sites

Unauthorized sites

Recycled / landfill Landfill

Landfill

LandfillTier III MCD Contractors

Disposal practices: Currently the C&D waste is disposed without any kind of processing at Ghazipur and Bhalswa MSW disposal sites. Considerable quantities are disposed off at unauthorized locations or MCD designated dumping sites in Delhi. List of some of the existing C&D waste dumping sites in Delhi, visited recently, is provided in Annexure 4.



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It is very important that construction and demolition waste is kept separate from the other municipal solid waste so that the processing and disposal is more efficient and the inerts are at least partially utilized. MCD is considering a pilot project for the collection, transportation and disposal of 500TPD of C&D waste for few selected zones of the city. The rationale for the proposed project is to separate C&D stream from MSW and in this process

Transfer the responsibility of the costs of collection, transportation, and

disposal to the C&D waste generator, and Streamline the C&D waste collection and transportation to improve the

existing condition of the city Explore & develop a market for processed C&D waste.

12.4 CONSTRAINTS – TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL

The technical problems relate to municipal storage, collection and transportation. But the major problem is in the area of processing and disposal. Open 'dhalao' (masonry built dust bin) is still the major receptacle for municipal solid waste in Delhi. These lead to two-fold problems – exposure of the waste to the environment and multiple handling (from depositing of the garbage to its loading on to the waiting collection vehicle – whether manually or by a front-end loader and again un-loading at the landfill unless the transporting vehicle is tipping type). The private operators are using smaller bins with lids (plastics or FRP made) and dumper placer containers, where the above mentioned problems are under control. However some of the dumper containers are not covered, leading to environmental pollution. Open vehicles are being used for transporting the waste across busy roads in majority of the cases, which needs to be controlled in a planned way. Putting a dangling tarpaulin over the open truck of garbage is no solution. Processing and disposal of municipal garbage is the most crucial issue. The existing landfills (dump-sites) are almost full. They need to be closed immediately in a scientific manner to the extent possible and new sanitary landfill (SLF) sites need to be developed and commissioned at the earliest possible. The major constraints in this are:

1. Provision of adequate land for building new sanitary landfills 2. To make arrangement for disposal of the waste in the intervening period

before the new SLFs can receive waste



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Proposed site at Bhatti Mines

Proposed site at Jaitpur (dewatering under process)



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As of now, MCD is trying to set up 3 new facilities at (a) Jaitpur, (b) Narela-Bawana and (c) Bhatti-mines (Refer Table 12.5):

Table 12.5: Three Proposed Sites for Solid Waste Management

S.

No. Site Area

available (Ha)

Status / Remarks

1 Jaitpur (deep pit, average 25 meter deep)

24.6 The work has been awarded. The deep pit was filled with water. De-watering is being done since last 2 years but is not complete yet. The steep sides would require expertise of high level for planning and execution of the job.

2 Narela Bawana (flat land)

60.0 EIA completed. Land yet to be handed over to MCD

3 Bhatti Mines (deep pits – 4 nos., about 20 meter deep)

68.0 EIA completed. Land yet to be handed over to MCD.

Total

152.6

From the above, it would appear that there is no possibility of construction and commissioning of any of these facilities in the next one year. Therefore the biggest challenge would be to accommodate the garbage in the existing sites in a scientific manner and at the same time remedy the environmental problems of the existing dump-sites.

12.5 APPROPRIATE PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL

The key issues in Delhi with respect to solid waste management are:

• Efficient service delivery (collection and removal of garbage, construction and demolition debris and other types of waste, street sweeping etc. leading to clean surroundings and feeling of well being amongst the citizens)

• Appropriate disposal of waste in conformity with the applicable rules and

most importantly,

• Strategy for reducing land requirement

In the above listing, the most important element is reduction in land requirement for disposal. In the absence of adequate land, the three landfill sites are being over-used. As per the present situation, Delhi is actually in a very serious situation with respect to land required for processing and disposal of solid waste.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 13 : Institutional Assessment

Chapter – 13 Institutional Assessment


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CHAPTER - 13 INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT

13.1 INTRODUCTION

The current political set up in Delhi is the result of the 69th Constitutional' Amendment, passed by the Parliament in 1991, followed by the GNCTD Act, 1991. The provisions of this act provide for the setting up of the Assembly and the Council of Ministers for the NCT. The act also contains provisions, which distinguish the NCT from other Union Territories under the Constitution. This chapter presents the existing institutional framework in Delhi responsible for provision of urban infrastructure. It presents institutional issues and the institutional development strategy.

13.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT-NCTD The institutional framework for urban management in Delhi has a multiplicity of agencies, both central and state. They also look after various functions relating to urban infrastructure and its management. The institutions/agencies involved for performing city level functions in city are categorized as (A) Central Government Agencies; (B) State Government Agencies.

Figure 13.1: Institutional Linkages in Delhi



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PART A: CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 13.3 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI 13.3.1. Constitutional Framework

The MCD has been set up under the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957, covering the entire area of NCT, except the areas controlled by the NDMC and Delhi Cantonment Board. The Act has been revised in 1993 to bring its various provisions into conformity with the 74th Constitutional Amendment.

Organisation Structure The governance structure of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) is divided into two wings viz. elected wing and administrative wing. Delhi has Mayor-in-Council system. Mayor in Council comprises 114 elected members. Mayor is Chairperson of the Council. Also, there are 13 special and 13 Ad-hoc committees on various subjects. The special committees are namely Assurance Committee, Works Committee, MRPH Committee, Environment Management Committee, Garden Committee, Law & General Purpose Committee, Special (Improvement & Development) Committees, Special Committees, Sports promotions & allied matter committee, High powered property tax committee, Municipal Accounts Committee, Code of Conduct for councilors committee. The ad-hoc committees are namely Remunerative Projects Committee, Licensing & Tehbazari Committee, Community Services Committee, Welfare of Scheduled Castes & Implementation of SC Candidates Quota committee, Anti-Malaria Measures Committee, Anti-Flood Measures Committee, Naming & Renaming Committee, Grants-in-Aid Committee, National Festivals, Fares Committee, Mahila Kalyan & Bal Vikas Committee, Grievances Redressal Committee, Education Committee and Rural Area Committee. The Municipal Commissioner oversees the functioning of administrative wing. He is assisted by the Deputy Commissioners and departmental heads. Departments include health, taxation, engineering, complaints, licensing, community and Horticulture. For administrative purpose corporation area is divided into 12 zones comprising 134 wards. Commissioner Zone heads the zonal office. After the zonal offices there are 134 ward offices at Lower level.

13.3.2. Functions

The functions of MCD are listed in Delhi Municipal Corporation Act 1957. It provides for mandatory functions and provides for discretionary functions of MCD. The major function of MCD are: city cleanliness, solid waste management, maintenance of gardens/dividers/circles, street light, bio-medical waste, slaughter house, encroachment removal, stray cattle management, community toilets, community halls, parking lots, development works, advertisement, property tax, and licensing. Billing and Collection: Billing of taxes and other charges are updated frequently. Collection system of revenues is inefficient; resulting in increases of arrears, and is increasing year by year.



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Project Financing and Implementation: MCD partly dependent on its own funds and partly on the funds received as grants. Most of the capital works done are through grants and loans from Central and State Government Asset Management: MCD maintains it assets records. Budgets and Audit: MCD at present maintains it accounts in registers as well as computer based double entry accounting system. For every financial year balance sheet for accounts is prepared. Financial statements are prepared by chartered accountant. There is provision for periodical review of municipal finances by auditor general. Use of Technology: The MCD has partially implemented e-governance programme. Under this programme (over the project period) integrated computerized system can be developed and implemented for efficient service delivery. The project would develop and commission four modules for each of municipal function. The project can offer services like deposit of electric, telephone, water bills, Birth – Death certificate, payment of house tax, etc, through its ward wise kiosks installed through out the Delhi. MCD has started computer based double entry accounting system since 2002-03. MCD has established a Help-line phone number for resolution of Public Grievances regarding sanitation, sewer, streetlights etc. The Other functions now being performed by it like generation, transmission and distribution of electricity; supply and distraction of water and disposal of sewage; fire services and setting up and running of new hospitals are sought to be transferred to other agencies.

13.3.3. Issues

The institutional, administrative, legal and financial issues of the MCD are presented below: • Continued control of the Central Government over its administration and

affairs, which needs to be transferred to the GNCTD; • Decentralization of the present monolithic structure by setting up more

Corporations after their viability has been established. It is understood that a policy decision has already been taken to set up a separate Corporation for the East Delhi;

• An O&M Study of the present structure and remaining functions of the

Corporation, to make it efficient and manageable and to farm out some more functions relating to education and medical, to other agencies of the GNCTD, so that the MCD concentrates on its primary role as a municipal body;

• Ensure effective public- private partnership in waste management; • Increase its resource base by levying service charges for various services like

waste management, street lights, and entertainment facilities, community services like parks, play grounds, libraries and reading rooms.



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13.4 DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 13.4.1. Constitutional Framework

The DDA, a body corporate, has been set up under the Delhi Development Act, 1957. Earlier, the United Provinces Town Improvement Act was extended to Delhi, followed by the setting up of the Delhi Improvement Trust in 1937.

Organizational Structure

The controlling jurisdiction of the DDA is with the Ministry of Urban Development, with the LG as its Chairman and a nominated Governing Board. Many of the features of the present remit of DDA are based on planning and development ideas in the original Act.

13.4.2. Functions

The functions and powers of the Delhi Development authority as per DDA Act, 1957 are listed below: • Pioneering Urban Development: To formulate a Master Plan for covering

the present and future growth of Delhi and to promote and secure the development of Delhi according to the plan covering all the possible activities.

• Creating Metropolis: Preparing schemes and advising the concerned

authorities departments and agencies in formulating and undertaking schemes for development agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, forestry, transport, communication, schooling, cultural activities, sports, Medicare, tourism entertainment and similar other activities; to acquire, hold, manage and dispose of land and other property; to carry out building, engineering, mining and other operations; Formulation and sanction of the projects and schemes for the development of the Delhi;

• Institutional and Industrial Development: Institutional & Industrial

development as part of city building, which makes Delhi a land of opportunities. DDA has so far allotted land to various institutions for social, educational, cultural and religious purposes. Some of the landmarks institutional are at Siri Fort, Katwaria Sarai, Qutab Institutional area, etc.

• To acquire, hold, manage and dispose of property, movable or immovable,

as it may deem necessary; • To enter into contracts, agreements or arrangements with any person or

organization as the Authority may deem necessary for performing its functions;

• Power to acquire land for public purpose under the provisions of land

acquisition act 1984.



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13.4.3. Institutional Issues

The institutional issues are as follows: • Since NCTD has a responsible popular government it should be enabled to

provide housing and other amenities relating to land, to fulfill the genuine ambitions of the people of Delhi; there is a need for GNCTD to have some say to in the working of DDA.

• DDA can consider how much it should involve itself in the function of

housing construction. In fact, there is a thinking at official level nowadays that public agency should take up construction of houses only for the low income groups;

• DDA should concentrate on its primary function of preparing the Master Plan

as a Perspective Plan from which the Zonal Development Plans could be prepared through the local governments by providing them with expertise or at least in collaboration with them;

13.5 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) AND DELHI POLLUTION

CONTROL COMMITTEE (DPCC) 13.5.1. Constitutional Framework

The CPCB has been set up under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and also has all the functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Delhi, being a Union Territory, the law does not provide for any separate Board and the CPCB has all the powers of a Board for the state. The DPCC has been set up by the CPCB on 15.03.1991, delegating all its powers under the two acts to the Committee.

Organizational Structure The Delhi Pollution Control Committee is headed by the Secretary, Environment, and GNCTD. The Director, Environment in the DoE is the Member- Secretary of the Committee. A nominee of the Central Pollution Control Board and Secretary, Local self Government, are the other two members. The DPCC has three zonal engineers of the rank of Superintending Engineers, assisted by Executive Engineers, Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers, 27 in all.

13.5.2. Functions

CPCB looks at the compliance at the national level, monitoring of water quality of the Yamuna and discharging drains at various locations. The DPCC, in effect is the primary agency in the NCT, to carry out the regulatory work relating to prevention and control of water and air pollution.


A large number of posts, 170 out of a total of 256, sanctioned for the Committee, are reported to be lying vacant. The Committee has no field agency worth its name and hardly any captive monitoring facilities. Its financial resources are totally inadequate to the task. The Committee would need



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strengthening in its human resources and equipment for monitoring. Its staff would also need to be trained for maintenance and operation of the equipment. The availability of facilities with the CPCB and the existence of the EPCA, can not be a substitute the need for an effective and well-equipped set up with the DPCC.

13.6 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) AUTHORITY (EPCA)

FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION 13.6.1. Constitutional Framework

The Ministry of Environment and Forests had set up the EPCA, on 29th January, 1998 for two years. Its term has since been extended by another two years.


The EPCA consisting of five part time members, and with no permanent secretariat of its own, has been set up in view of the gigantic and complex nature of environmental problems of Delhi. It has been specifically entrusted with the task of monitoring the progress of the action plan as contained in the White Paper on Pollution in Delhi, issued by the Central Government in December, 1997. The Supreme Court also has entrusted specific tasks to the EPCA from time to time.

13.6.2. Functions

The EPCA has also been entrusted with the following functions: • standards for the quality of the environment in its various aspects; • standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from

various sources; • restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes or class

of industries or processes shall not be carried out or shall be carried out subject to certain safeguards;

• procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents which may cause

environmental pollution and remedial measures for such accidents; • Procedures and safeguards for the handling of hazardous substances.; • All necessary steps for control of vehicular population; • Power to issue directions for ensuring maintenance of the specified ambient

noise standards. 13.6.3. Institutional Issues

• Since the functions entrusted to the EPCA are long term and continuous in nature, it must have a permanent set up and some full time members with specialised experience of dealing with environmental issues in Delhi;



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• The EPCA should have at its disposal, its own resources, to order specific studies and obtain help of experts;

• There seems to be a problem in the NCT in the maintenance of the

monitoring equipment installed at various places and more such equipment is needed. The EPCA may be the right agency to take up this function.

• There is no doubt that with its limited resources notwithstanding, the EPCA

has done considerable amount of good work in improving the air and water quality in the NCT.

13.7 DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC) 13.7.1. Constitutional Framework

The DUAC has been set up in 1974 by the DUAC Act 1973, to advise the Central Government and provide advice and guidance to the local bodies, for maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design in Delhi.


The Commission consists of the Chairman and such number of other members, being not less than two or more than four appointed by the Central government as per notification in the official Gazetteer.

13.7.2. Functions

The act requires the local bodies to refer all building and engineering operations and development proposals to the Commission, before according approval to them. Function of the DUAC is essentially to advise Central Government in the matters of preserving, developing and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environment design in Delhi and advice and guide the local bodies for the same.


In the context of this recommendation it would be desirable that the entire major projects which need such an examination of the design from the point of view urban arts, especially in the context of heritage and sensitive sites and developments in their vicinity are referred to the Commission.

13.8 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD (NCRPB) 13.8.1. Constitutional Framework

The setting up of the NCRPB in 1985 under the NCRPB Act, 1985, enacted under the provisions of Article 252 of the Constitution with the consent of the states of U.P., Haryana, and Rajasthan for preparation of the regional plan.

Organisation Structure

The Board consists of such number of members, not exceeding twenty-one, as may be prescribed, and unless the rules made in this behalf otherwise provide, the Board shall consist of the following members, namely :- the Union Minister



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for Works and Housing, who shall be the Chairman of the Board; the Chief Minister of the State of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh; the Administrator of the Union territory ; eight members, to be nominated by the Central Government on the recommendation of the participating States and the Administrator of the Union territory ; provided that not more than two members shall be nominated on the recommendation of a participating State or, as the case may be the Administrator of the Union territory; three other members of whom one shall be a person having knowledge and experience in town planning to be nominated by the Central Government; a full-time Member-Secretary of the Board, to be nominated by the Central Government from amongst officers of or above the rank of a Joint Secretary to the Government of India; Provided that no change shall be made in the composition of the Board by rules except with the consent of the Government of each of the participating States and of the Administrator of the Union territory.

13.8.2. Function

The Board has the following functions and powers: • Preparation of Regional Plan and Functional Plans; • Getting the Sub-Regional & Project Plans prepared by the participating

States; • Coordinating the enforcement & implementation of the Plans through the

participating States; and • Arranging and overseeing the financing of selected development projects. • Call for reports and information from the participating States and the Union

territory with regard to preparation, enforcement and implementation of Functional Plans and Sub-regional Plans ;

• Ensure that the preparation, enforcement and implementation of Functional

Plan or Sub-Regional Plan, as the case may be, is in conformity with the Regional Plan ;

• Indicate the stages for the implementation of the Regional Plan ; • Review the implementation of the Regional Plan, Functional Plan, Sub-

Regional Plan and Project Plan ; • Select and approve comprehensive projects, call for priority development

and provide such assistance for the implementation of those projects as the Board may deem fit ;

• Select, in consultation with the State Government concerned, any urban

areas, outside the National Capital Region having regard to its location, population and potential for growth, which may be developed in order to achieve the objectives of the Regional Plan ; and

• Entrust to the Committee such other functions as it may consider necessary

to carry out the provisions of this Act.



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• The GNCTD and its various agencies should realise that the NCRPB has been

set up to help Delhi. They should make full use of the Board in solving various problems of Delhi.

• The Planning Commission and' the Central Ministries should make) vigorous

efforts to develop the infrastructure in the NCR, outside Delhi, which in the long run, would produce better results for protection of environment.

• The GNCTD and the DDA should implement the policies enunciated in the

Statutory Regional Plan, accepted by all the participating states, relating to industries, trade and commerce and generation of employment. They should, in any case, not take or permit others to take steps, which are contrary to those policies.

• The role of the NCRPB in laying down the various policies for Delhi should be

enhanced and the Board should be associated in major investment decisions in Delhi.

• The NCRPB Act should be amended to permit the Board to take up

implementation of projects of inter state nature with the consent of the concerned states. This would help in better and timely execution of such projects.

• There is a good case for creating disincentives for industrial and other

establishments proposing to settle down in Delhi. On the contrary, the present policies in the NCT are generating incentives for them.

• The NCRPB should prepare Functional Plans under Section 16 of their Act,

providing for setting up of joint projects for power, industrial development, housing, water supply, sewerage sanitation etc.

13.9 DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION 13.9.1. Constitutional framework

The need for a mass rapid transit system, based on rail, has been felt in Delhi for a very long time. However, it is only in May 1995 that a company named Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd, under the Companies Act, could be set up. This is a joint effort between the Government of India and Government of Delhi, in equal participation.

13.9.2. Functions

Work on first phase of the project, comprising the construction of 55.3 kms of railway line, has begun from December 1997. The first stage of this phase between Shahdara to Tis Hazari is scheduled for commissioning in March, 2002. The entire first phase is due for completion in March, 2005.



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13.10 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) 13.10.1. Constitutional framework

An exclusive committee, known as Imperial Delhi Committee was constituted for the first time on March 25th 1913, for the management and construction of the proposed capital. In 1916, it was notified as Raisina Municipal Committee under the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911. In 1927, it was re-designated as NDMC. In 1932, it was upgraded as a first grade municipality and entrusted with the responsibility of providing civic services, along with construction of buildings. The situation has changed with the enactment of the NDMC Act, 1994 by the Parliament, which now governs the affairs of the NDMC.

Organisation Structure

The NDMC Act is structured more or less on the lines of the MCD Act, except for some distinguishing features as indicated below: • The Central Government has retained most of the controlling powers over

the NDMC, except that the GNCTD can also prescribe discretionary functions for the committee through general or specific orders. The GNCTD can also get the accounts of the committee audited.

• The Chairman is appointed by the Central Government, in consultation with

the Chief Minister of the NCT. • The remaining 11 members are also appointed by the Central Government,

though 2 of them again are to be appointed in consultation with the C.M. • Separate provisions have been made for discharging functions relating to

water supply, drainage, sewerage and transport in its area of jurisdiction. • The provisions of the NDMC Act 1994 have attempted to provide some say to

the locally elected Members of the Parliament and Legislative Assembly and the right of consultation to the C.M. of the GNCTD in the appointment of two members and the Chairman. This position is likely to continue till the Central Government wishes to retain full control of the area.

13.10.2. Functions and Powers

In addition to providing basic civic amenities to its residents, the New Delhi Municipal Council also ensures various social, cultural, educational and medical facilities, especially to the government/ municipal employees and other weaker sections of society. It is perhaps the only municipality in the country that supplies electricity and water and its discretionary functions encompass promotion of sports, art, music and culture, maintenance of libraries, and care for the old, mentally and hearing impaired. It takes care of working women, housing problems and social facilities like barat ghars and community centers. It always aims to achieve it by eliciting peoples' cooperation and public participation.



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It appears that the constitution of the NDMC is not in conformity with the provisions of Articles 2430 and 243R of the, Constitution relating to constitution of municipalities and certain other provisions introduced in the 74th Constitutional Amendment. This really puts a question mark on the legality of the NDMC itself.

PART B: STATE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 13.11 GNCTD SET-UP

The GNCTD is headed by the Lieutenant Governor, who is also the Administrator of the Union Territory of Delhi. The Chief Minister is the head of the Government, and discharges the duties and responsibility, with the assistance of Council of Ministers. There are various departments, each having a minister and the secretary The following Secretaries look after functions relating to urban infrastructure.

(i) Secretary, Urban Development, dealing with MCD, Delhi Jal Board, Slums,

Heritage and other issues relating to municipal management and urban development;

(ii) Secretary, Land and Building, dealing with housing, acquisition of land,

Public Works Department and related activities; (iii) Secretary, Environment, dealing with Delhi Pollution Control Committee as

its Chair Person and other issues relating to Environment; (iv) Secretary, Transport in charge of Delhi Transport Corporation and other

issues relating to transport ; (v) Secretary, Finance and Planning, dealing with Infrastructure Development

and related issues of Public Private Partnership in the field of urban infrastructure;

13.12 DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB) 13.12.1. Constitutional setup

The DJB has been set up by the Delhi Jal Board Act, 1998 passed by the parliament, to provide for the establishment of a Board to discharge the functions of water supply, sewerage disposal and drainage within the NCT and for matters connected therewith.

Organizational Structure The Chief Minister of Delhi is the chairperson of the Board, which has 17 members. The Chief Executive of the Board has to be appointed by the GNCTD. The GNCTD also has been authorized to exercise other control, including issue of directions, to the Board.



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It is too early to offer comments on the functioning of the DJB, which has yet to be fully constituted (three posts of full time members are vacant) and gain full control of the operations.

13.12.2. Functions

As of now Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is responsible for procurement of raw water, treatment and supply to the three constituents and responsible for distribution of water supply and related works in MCD area. DJB is also responsible to collect, transmit, treatment and disposal of waste water from the three constituents and for operation & maintenance of sewer system within the MCD area.

13.13 DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION

On the establishment of the MCD in 1957, the transport services in Delhi were transferred to the Corporation. Subsequently, a new statutory corporation, known as Delhi Transport Corporation was set up under the Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950. However, its control remained with the Central Government. With the reorganization of the political set up in Delhi, the control and the assets have been transferred to the GNCTD. However, the outstanding loans and the interest have been written off.

13.13.1. Summary of Issues

The issues related to urban institutional set up are discussed in Table below.

Issues Status Implementation of 74th CAA

Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has not been able to implement the 74th Amendment to the Constitution.

It has been pushing hard to approve the Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2005 whose decision is still awaited with the Union Home Ministry.

Major administrative decisions for making and implementing the Master Plan are still taken by the Central Government Agency, that is, DDA.

MCD has been trying hard to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violate the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act.

Since legislation is not enacted by the GNCTD, necessary institutional mechanisms such as the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and DMPC are not in place.

Overlapping of jurisdiction

Overruling of the Delhi High Court decisions by the NCT of Delhi and Ministry of Urban Development. For instance, MoUD issued a notification, a procedure not allowed under the Delhi Development Act 1957, to allow mixed land uses in the residential areas located along the roads with a certain RoW.

There is a lack of clarity over the departmental responsibilities for land use planning, development, maintenance and enforcement. This has resulted in ineffective and uncoordinated decision making and actions. For instance, the boundaries of the revenue districts and the MCD zones overlap with each other.



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Overlapping of functions

• Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has failed to identify and coordinate with the State Government.

Other Sectors Water Supply • Revenue 2 times the expenditure cost, indicating high

operation and maintenance cost and highly subsidized water supply.

• Revenue losses due to less coverage / jurisdiction area (45%). • High rate of water loss (40%). • No centralized database and information management system

in place. Heritage and Conservation • Piecemeal, uncoordinated approach to the heritage and

conservation in Delhi. • Limited positive and meaningful co-operation between the

agencies involved. • No overall planning and direction in the sector. • Monuments are in dilapidated stage and being altered heavily

(losing their historical value) • Number of heritage buildings occupied by State and Central

Government Departments. • No Incentives and technical support given to owners of

heritage building for they’re up keep and maintenance. • Difficult to apply laws and regulations and at the same time

lack of rules/ guidelines for restoration of civil heritage, construction on and demolition of heritage structure.

• Lack of political commitment and public awareness on heritage value.

• Lack of Public facilities in and around the monuments and area.

• Poor Solid Waste Management in old city. • Public Private Partnership for development of tourism and

heritage conservation.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 14 : Review of Urban Finance

Chapter – 14 Review of Urban Finance


14-1

CHAPTER - 14 REVIEW OF URBAN FINANCE

14.1 TOWARDS A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – FINANCIAL ASPECTS

The financial aspects of the City Development Plan (CDP) of Delhi is anchored onto the primary goal of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), of creating economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. This chapter details the municipal finances of the Municipal Corporation and other entities involved in the provision of services and outline the receipts and expenditure over the last five years, which would form the base for the preparation of Financial & Operating Plan (FOP).

14.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SITUATION

The purpose of this section is to review and analyze the existing financial situation in terms of trends in revenues and expenditures by authorities concerned with the development of the city. The entities, which have been studied, are:

• Municipal Corporation of Delhi (Annex. 14-1) • New Delhi Municipal Council (Annex. 14-2) • Delhi Jal Board (Annex. 14-3)

14.3 OVERVIEW OF MCD FINANCES

MCD income and expenditure are maintained on cash basis. However MCD has shifted to accrual accounting system from FY 2002-03, but it is maintaining the accounts on cash system also as the accrual system has not been fully adopted due to lack of correct information on all assets and liabilities particularly property tax arrears. Municipal finances of Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) have been reviewed for the last five years, commencing from the financial year (FY) 2000-01. Revenue income of MCD has grown to a level of Rs. 2258.47 crores in the FY 2004-05 from Rs. 1372.85 crores in FY 2000-01; the revenue income had registered an average annual growth rate of 11.47 percent whereas the revenue expenditure increased at an average annual rate of 7.68 percent, thus indicating a surplus position during this period. Capital income of MCD comprises of loans and grants, in the form of loan for infrastructure development and grants for improvement of basic services. A major share of capital income is in the form of grants. As observed in Table 14.1, the capital expenditure has been relatively consistent during the review period. During FY 2004-05, capital expenditure had increased to Rs. 727.11 crore from Rs. 596.29 crore in the FY 2000-01. The highest percentage of expenditure was on providing infrastructure for colonies.



14-2

Table 14.1: Financial Status of MCD (in Rs. crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

A. Revenue Account Opening balance 0.12 0.16 0.17 35.60 9.98 Income 1372.85 1570.66 1659.50 1652.11 2258.48 Expenditure 1372.80 1570.65 1624.07 1677.73 1950.47

Surplus 0.16 0.17 35.60 9.98 317.99 B. Capital Account Opening balance 139.50 121.15 127.87 168.86 105.64 Income 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.29 Expenditure 596.29 612.62 693.26 776.42 727.11

Surplus 121.15 127.88 168.86 105.65 181.83 Source: Non-Plan Income & Expenditure Budget 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD

Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD The above table shows that the capital account has witnessed a surplus, implying that capital receipts are not being fully utilised. Further review of the revenue and capital accounts indicates that surplus has increased over period of 2000-01 to 2004-05. The sharp rise in the surplus of the revenue account in 2004-05 has been attributed to an abnormal rise in the Ways and Means advance.

Revenue Account

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

In R

s. c

rore

Revenue Income

Revenue Expenditure



14-3

Capital Account

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

In R

s. c

rore

Capital Income

Capital Expenditure

14.3.1 Revenue Account

The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and revenue expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal/own resources in the form of tax and non-tax items and external resources in the form of shared taxes/transfers and revenue grants from the State Government. Revenue expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries, operation & maintenance expenditure and debt servicing.

Revenue Income

The source wise revenue income is given in Table 14.2. Own sources comprises 68 percent of the income whereas, external source contributes 32 percent of the revenue income. Table 14.3 presents major head wise revenue income for 5-year review period.

Table 14.2: Source-wise Revenue income (in Rs. crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Own sources 971.35 1161.21 1185.53 1237.09 1243.05 Grants (Including Ways & Means Advance) 173.95 161.51 177.17 119.73 668.42 Assigned revenue 227.55 247.94 296.80 295.29 347.01

Total 1372.85 1570.66 1659.50 1652.11 2258.48 Source: Non-Plan Income & Expenditure Budget 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD

Own Sources

Own-source income includes income from resource mobilisation activities of MCD in the form of taxes, user fees, fines, trade licences, etc. Own revenue sources are further classified as tax and non-tax sources that are generated by various sections of the MCD.



14-4

• Tax Sources: About 56 percent of the revenue is contributed by tax sources, which includes Property Tax, Tax on Consumption and Sale of Electricity and Animal & Toll Tax.

Some of the main features of this head of revenue income are listed below: Income from own sources accounts to about 70 percent of revenue income

Income from tax sources has shown an average annual growth rate of 8.07

percent over the 5 year period, compounded annual growth rate of 7.52 percent and income from fines and fees increased at an average annual growth rate of 30 percent over the same period.

Major items of own-source income, contributing towards revenue income,

include property tax (41%) and other income (6%) which includes income from commercial ventures, development charges etc.

Table 14.3: Major head-wise break-up of Revenue Income (in Rs. Crore)

S. No. Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 Municipal Taxes and Rates 803.56 900.41 958.52 1080.25 1074.13

2 Rents and Fees 21.62 20.57 27.71 31.74 60.53 3 Others 146.16 240.23 199.30 125.10 108.39

4 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 227.55 247.94 296.80 295.29 347.01

5 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 93.95 101.51 117.17 119.73 358.42

6 Ways and Means Advance 80.00 60.00 60.00 0.00 310.00 Total Revenue Income 1372.85 1570.66 1659.50 1652.11 2258.48

Source: Non-Plan Income & Expenditure Budget 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD

Income through own-source heads that contribute substantially towards revenue income include:

Source wise break-up of Revenue income

Own sources68%

Grants15%

Assigned revenue

17%

Own sources

GrantsAssigned revenue



14-5

Property Tax

Income from property tax is the single largest and most elastic source of revenue, contributing about 40-45 percent to the total revenue. Income through Property Tax up till 31-3-2004 was based on the Annual Rental Value of the property. From 1-4-2004 a new system for assessing properties has been introduced called the Unit Area Method of property tax.

Unit Area Assessment The Unit Area Method of Assessment is based on fixing a unit area value per square meter of covered space for calculation of property tax. The tax for a particular property is based on the annual value of the property arrived at, by multiplying unit area value assigned to the colonies/localities with the covered area of the property and the multiplicative factors for occupancy, age, structure and use. The Unit Area Values category wise is given in the table below:

Category A B C D E F G H Value: (in Rs. Per square meter) 630 500 400 320 270 230 200 100

The above values are valid up till Assessment Year 2006 -2007 The Unit Area Value for vacant land in excess of 75 % of the total plot area would be computed at a factor of 0.3 of the base unit value of the colony. The Multiplicative factors are given below:

A. Structure Factor (SF)

Structure Type Pucca Semi Pucca Kucha Factor (SF) 1.0 0.7 0.5

B. Age Factor

Year of

completion Prior to

April 1960 April 1960 to March

1969

April 1970 to March

1979

April 1980 to March

1989

April 1990 to March

1999

April 2000 Onwards

Factor (AF) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

C. Occupancy Factor (OF) - For Residential Properties

Category A B C D E F G H Factor (OF)

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

D. Use Factor (UF) For Non Residential Uses:

Use I II III IV V

Factor (UF) 1 2 3 4 10

Where: (I) Public Purpose (II) Public Utility/Telecom towers (III) Industry, Entertainment, Recreation and Clubs (IV) Business, restaurants, Hotels up to 2 star (V) 3 Star and above Hotels/Towers/ Hoardings.

Self-Assessment and Calculation of Tax Under Unit Area Method: In the old system of property taxation the onus for raising demand rested with the corporation, whereas in the current system of property taxation, concept of self-assessment has been introduced for the first time whereby, the onus for filing returns and paying taxes is that of the owner/occupier. The method of calculating Self-assessment tax is as follows:



14-6

Step 1: Measure the covered area of property; Step 2: Take the unit area value of the locality /category notified by the corporation; Step 3: Calculate the annual value by using the following formula:

Annual Value = Unit Area Value X Covered Area X Multiplicative Factors Step 4: Where different portions of property are put to different uses or other parameters like concessions/rebates applicable are different, the annual value will be calculated for each portion separately. Step 5: Calculate tax by multiplying the above value by the respective rate of tax as notified by the corporation from year to year.

Duty on transfer of properties Any property transaction in MCD limits attracts duty on transfer of properties at

rate 5% of the stamp duty amount. Toll Tax Toll tax is payable on all vehicles entering National capital Territory of Delhi

and ranges from Rs. 25 - Rs. 500 per day for various categories of vehicles, MCD also offers monthly and quarterly passes also for toll tax.

Tax on Consumption and sale of Electricity Any consumer in MCD is liable to pay tax to MCD on electricity consumption;

currently it is at 5% of billing amount. If consumers have captive power plants than the rate payable is 10 paise for KWH and tax on electricity suppliers is also 10 paise for KWH.

• Non-Tax Sources: Non-tax

sources include all non-tax revenues such as fees and charges levied by the MCD. Such revenue sources include income from education fee, fines for cattle pounds, fees from hospitals, fees from vehicles licenses, special registration for trades, rents on land, buildings and car parking etc.

The income from non-tax revenue receipts has increased marginally from Rs 167.78 crores in FY 2000-01 to Rs. 168.92 crores in FY 2004–05. External Sources

The external sources of MCD include income from global sharing of taxes from Government of Delhi, education grant and ways and means advances. Government of Delhi transfers about 5.5% of its income to MCD under the head of as global sharing of taxes as per SFC recommendation, this source contributes only 17% of municipal revenue income and have registered an average annual growth rate of about 12%.

Composition of Revenue Income(5-year Average)

Education Grant- Reimbursement

Grant9%

Others10%

Rents and Fees2%

Municipal Taxes and Rates

56%

Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned

17%

Ways and Means Advance

6%



14-7

In addition MCD receives grant towards reimbursement of education expenditure and for improvements in resettlement colonies, though 60% of education expenditure and 100% of plan expenditure for resettlement colonies is reimbursable, however MCD gets 30% of education expenditure and for resettlement colonies the receipt is almost nil and this grant is limited to maximum of 5% of Government of Delhi income. These grants contribute only 9% of municipal revenue income and have registered an average annual growth rate of about 3.76%.

In addition to SFC and education grants MCD receives some advances towards

ways and means to meet the expenditure. The ways and means advance is inconsistent and on an average it accounts for about 6% of municipal revenue income.

Revenue Expenditure

Revenue expenditure of MCD has been analyzed department wise, which includes both establishment and operations & maintenance expenditure; the MCD doesn’t classify establishment expenditure separately. Thus the expenditure analysis is discussed on each department basis, which is General Supervision, Collection of Revenues, Education, Public Health and Medical Relief, Conservancy Scavenging and Street Cleaning, Roads and Public Lighting and Others.

Revenue expenditure grew from Rs.1372.80 crores in the year FY 2000-‘01 to Rs.1950.47 crores in FY 2004-‘05 at an average annual growth rate of 7.68 percent. The major items of expenditure include Education (23%), Conservancy and Street Cleaning (20%) and Others (33%). The head “Others” comprises of expenses on garden & open spaces, libraries, licensing and miscellaneous items. Table 14.4 gives a major head wise break-up of revenue expenditure for 5-year review period.

Com position of Revenue Expenditure(5-year Average)

Education23%

General Supervision, collection of

revenues etc3%

Roads and Public Lighting

9%

Others33%

Conservancy Scavenging and Street Cleaning

20%

Public Health and Medical Relief

12%



14-8

Table 14.4: Major head wise break-up of Revenue Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)

No. Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc 48.00 53.20 53.12 56.14 65.75

2 Social Welfare & Development Services

i Education 338.94 333.25 369.41 390.83 455.88 ii Public Health 37.42 37.74 39.22 40.92 48.38

iii Conservancy and Street Cleaning 263.40 275.98 298.98 334.82 378.60

iv Scavenging, Drains and Sewers 11.13 8.83 11.40 11.22 11.60

v Medical Relief 124.45 127.52 147.10 166.18 190.28 3 Recreational Activity i Gardens and Open Spaces 61.87 65.07 63.90 69.82 82.69 ii Libraries 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.97 1.31 4 Public Works & Safety i Roads and Public Lighting 107.65 154.71 132.04 152.27 192.61 ii Fire Fighting - - - - - 5 Land Development 26.49 24.44 23.96 28.95 33.21

6 Misc. including New Works 352.78 489.26 484.27 425.61 490.15

TOTAL 1,372.80 1,570.65 1,624.07 1,677.73 1,950.47 Source: Non-Plan Income & Expenditure Budget 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD

Debt Servicing

A review of the loan statement of MCD reveals that as on 31-03-2005 MCD had a total outstanding debt of Rs. 755.66 crores and during the FY 2005-2006 it had done a debt servicing of Rs. 64.20 crores.

14.3.2 Capital Account

Income and expenditure items under this account are primarily nonrecurring in nature. Income items include loans, contributions by Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, other agencies and capital grants under various State and Central Government programmes. Expenditure items include expenses booked under developmental works and purchase of capital assets.

Capital Income

Analysis of this account indicates that 19 percent of capital income is in the form of loans and 81 percent by way of grants. Table 14.5: Source wise break-up of Capital income (in Rs. crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Grants 515.00 549.45 629.18 600.46 651.46 Loans 62.94 69.90 105.06 112.75 151.84 Total 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.29

Source: Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD



14-9

Capital Expenditure

Capital expenditure has been directed towards new parks, water supply, sewerage and works for improvement of slums. The highest percentage has been expended on infrastructure for colonies (27%) and roads (17%). The amount of expenditure has increased from Rs.596.29 crore in FY 2000-01 to Rs.727.11 crore in FY 2004-05.

Table 14.6: Major head wise break-up of Capital Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)

Items 2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04 2004-05

Education Related Items 119.31 NA 99.42 101.19 141.96

Public Health and Medical 105.88 NA 136.45 127.00 122.05

Roads 97.32 NA 114.18 104.37 124.91 Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies 150.25 NA 177.24 177.40 198.29

Environmental Improvement 3.53 NA 9.95 16.75 15.77

MLA and MP LAD Schemes 81.44 NA 112.29 179.94 58.55

Trans- Yamuna 23.84 NA 30.79 48.85 44.09

Others 14.73 NA 12.94 20.93 21.47

Total Expenditure 596.29 612.62 693.26 776.42 727.11 Source: Plan & Resettlement Colonies Budget, 2001-02 to 2005-06, MCD

There is an overall surplus in the capital account indicating a capital utilization ratio of less than 1.

14.3.3 Key Issues and Conclusions

Table 14.7: Key Indicators

Sl. Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 Operating Ratio 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.02 0.86

2 Share of Property Tax 44.66% 43.74% 42.43% 46.54% 28.60%

3 Share of Internal Revenues 70.75% 73.93% 71.44% 74.88% 55.04%

4 Share of Assigned Revenues 16.57% 15.79% 17.88% 17.87% 15.36%

5 Share of Grants 6.84% 6.46% 7.06% 7.25% 15.87%

6 Ways & Means advance 5.83% 3.82% 3.62% 0.00% 13.73%

7 Capital Utilization ratio 0.83 0.83 0.80 0.88 0.79

The following issues emerge from the above analysis carried out on the finances of MCD:



14-10

Revenue Account Status The revenue account of MCD from the year 2002-03 has shown a healthy surplus. The operating ratio over the period of analysis has hovered around unity indicating that revenue income is being wholly utilized to meet revenue expenditure.

Revenue Income MCD has generated over 68 percent of its revenue through its own sources. Dependency on the grants is to the extent of 15 percent. Though Property tax is the largest own source revenue income, there is still a scope for improvement by expanding the base by way of covering un-assessed properties. The average collection on current demand is around 55 percent whereas average collection against recovery of arrears is just about 6% giving an overall collection performance of 19 percent. Revenue Expenditure It is observed that about 60-65% of the total revenue income is being spent on the salaries and other related costs which is well above the average when compared to other local bodies – the range being 30-40 percent of revenue income. Capital Account status The capital account has consistently given a surplus indicating that there is an underutilization of funds available for carrying out the development work.

14.4 OVERVIEW OF NDMC FINANCES

This section covers the details of financial performance of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) during the last five years. NDMC performs the same functions as MCD. The difference being, NDMC covers a much smaller area. NDMC generates its revenue mostly through provision of electricity; water supply etc. and its major expenditure heads are education, water supply & sanitation, social welfare etc. Revenue income of NDMC has grown to a level of Rs. 1078.98 crores in the FY 2004-05 from the level of Rs. 749.52 crores in the FY 2000-01. The revenue income has grown at an average annual growth rate of 10.04 percent against an annual average rate of increase of 6.57 percent in case of revenue expenditure thus indicating a surplus position during this period.

Table 14.8: Final Status of NDMC (in Rs. Crores)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 A. Revenue Account Income 749.52 770.87 883.38 863.35 1078.98 Expenditure 747.22 743.68 775.72 801.48 954.84

Surplus 2.3 27.19 107.66 61.87 124.14 B. Capital Account

Income 11.21 11.71 10.18 15.08 13.74

Expenditure 14.99 19.61 9.8 15.8 11.64



14-11

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Surplus/(Deficit) (-3.78) (-7.9) 0.38 (-0.72) 2.1

Source: Budgets 2002-03 to 2006-07, NDMC

The capital account consists of grants & loans for activities relating to infrastructure development & improvement of basic services such as medical, education etc.


The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and revenue expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal/own resources in the form of tax and non-tax items. External resources are in the form of shared taxes/transfers and revenue grants from the State Government. Revenue expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries, operation & maintenance expenditure and debt servicing.

Revenue Income

Revenue income comprises receipts generated through Own Sources as well as receipts in the form of Assigned Revenues and Grants. Own sources

Own source of revenue income includes income in the form of taxes, fees & fines, supply of electricity, supply of water etc. Own sources are further classified into tax and non-tax sources. • Tax Sources: About 19 percent of the total revenues are derived from the

Tax sources which include House Tax, Duty on Transfer of Property, Advertisement Tax and other taxes.

• Non-Tax Sources: NDMC’s major earnings are through non-tax sources,

which include income, generated through supply of electricity, which forms 60 percent of the total revenue. The revenue income has increased from Rs. 749.51 crore in FY 2000-01 to Rs.1078.97 crore in FY 2004-05.

Table 14.9: Source wise break-up of Revenue income (in Rs. Crore)

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Own sources 726.79 743.06 853.30 827.79 1022.90 Grants 19.37 23.54 23.81 29.17 44.79 Assigned revenue 3.36 4.28 6.28 6.39 11.29

Total 749.51 770.88 883.40 863.35 1078.97Source: Budgets 2002-03 to 2006-07, NDMC



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External Assistance

This head comprises receipts in the form of Assigned Revenue and Grants, which form 4 percent of the total revenue.

Main Features of Revenue account (Receipts) are as follows:

Income from own sources accounts for about 96 percent of the total revenue.

Revenue from sale of electricity accounts for about 59 percent of the total revenue and has shown an average annual growth rate of 3.47 percent

Income from tax sources has shown an average annual growth rate of 15 percent.

Table 14.10: Major head wise break-up of revenue Income (in Rs. Crore)

Item 2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04 2004-05 Average % of total

revenue Taxes & other duties 102.83 123.95 152.17 145.92 176.53 140.28 16.14% Interest 30.28 24.55 32.53 27.43 178.94 58.75 6.76% Administrative Department 6.83 0.41 5.32 0.46 1.28 2.86 0.33% Social & Development Services 4.24 3.43 3.31 3.43 4.17 3.72 0.43% Electricity 470.32 483.71 534.14 534.70 537.34 512.04 58.91% Water Supply 0.00 2.02 0.00 15.02 14.46 6.30 0.72% Roads 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00% Other Municipal Works 94.23 97.14 112.40 97.92 109.75 102.29 11.77% Loans & Advances to Employees 1.56 1.46 1.29 1.38 1.06 1.35 0.16% Misc. External Assistance 19.37 23.54 23.81 29.17 44.79 28.14 3.24% Deposit Works 19.86 10.66 18.41 7.92 10.66 13.50 1.55% TOTAL 749.52 770.87 883.38 863.35 1078.98 869.22 100%


Source wise break-up of RevenueAssigned revenue

1%Grants

3%

Own sources96%

Own sources

Grants

Assigned revenue



14-13

Revenue Expenditure

Revenue expenditure has been analysed based on expenditure heads broadly classified under the following heads: Taxes & other Duties, Interest, Administrative Department, Social & Development Services, Electricity, Water Supply, Roads and Other Municipal Works etc. Revenue expenditure grew from Rs.747.22 crores in the FY 2000-01 to Rs. 954.84 crores in FY 2004-05 at an average annual growth rate of 6.57 percent. The major items of expenditure include Electricity (41%), Social & Development Services (16%), Water Supply (6%) and Administrative Department (19%).

Table 14.11: Major Head wise break-up of Revenue Expenditure (in Rs. Crore)

Item 2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05 Average

% of total

revenue Taxes & other duties 0.92 0.95 1.20 1.27 1.33 1.13 0.14 Interest 42.85 7.11 5.44 4.83 1.89 12.42 1.54 Administrative Department 110.59 125.26 168.02 139.42 228.36 154.33 19.18 Social & Development Services 123.01 124.21 121.65 136.24 144.62 129.95 16.15 Electricity 272.62 334.86 335.46 354.49 370.49 333.58 41.46 Water Supply 55.61 47.20 39.57 47.85 61.53 50.35 6.26

Components of Revenue Expenditure

Taxes & other duties0.14%

Loans & Advances to Employees

0.14%

Interest2%

Administrative Department

19%

Misc. External Assistance

3% Deposit Works1%

Water Supply6%

Other Municipal Works9%

Roads2%

Electricity42%

Social&Dvlpmnt Services

16%

Taxes & otherdutiesInterest

Adminis trativeDepartmentSocial&DvlpmntServicesElectricity

Water Supply

Roads

Other MunicipalWorksLoans & Advancesto EmployeesMisc. ExternalAssistanceDeposit Works



14-14

Item 2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05 Average

% of total

revenue Roads 12.23 15.05 16.43 25.84 13.30 16.57 2.06 Other Municipal Works 72.12 63.20 68.42 77.15 93.13 74.80 9.30 Loans & Advances to Employees 1.44 1.43 1.04 0.94 0.62 1.09 0.14 Misc. External Assistance 40.23 12.25 10.46 7.34 33.83 20.82 2.59 Deposit Works 15.60 12.16 8.03 6.11 5.74 9.53 1.18

TOTAL 747.22 743.68 775.72 801.48 954.84 804.59 100

Source: Budgets 2002-03 Debt Servicing A review of the loan statement of NDMC reveals that as on 31.3.2004 NDMC had Rs.32.01 crores as outstanding loan. During the FY 2004-2005 it repaid the whole of this amount together with an outflow on account of interest of Rs.1.88 crores. NDMC has become a zero debt corporation since then. Establishment Expenditure Establishment expenditure (inclusive of Bonus, Gratuity, Pension & other employee benefits) of all sections accounts for just about 36 percent of the total revenue expenditure. The growth in this component has been at an overall average annual growth rate of 6.04 percent.

Components of Revenue ExpenditureTaxes & other

duties0.14%

Loans & Advances to Employees

0.14%

Interest2%

Administrative Department

19%

Misc. External Assistance

3%Deposit Works

1%

Water Supply6%

Other Municipal Works

9%

Roads2%

Electricity42%

Social&Dvlpmnt Services

16%

Taxes & otherdutiesInterest

AdministrativeDepartmentSocial&DvlpmntServicesElectricity

Water Supply

Roads

Other MunicipalWorksLoans & Advancesto EmployeesMisc. ExternalAssistance



14-15

Table 14.12: Establishment Expenditure Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Salary & Allowance 208.58 221.01 231.59 254.40 265.91 236.30

Other Employee Cost 47.25 44.02 47.51 56.86 56.99 50.52

Total 255.83 265.03 279.10 311.26 322.89 286.82 % of Revenue Expenditure 34.24 35.64 35.98 38.84 33.82 35.70

% of Revenue Income 34.13 34.38 31.59 36.05 29.93 33.22

Source: Budgets 2002-03 to 2006-07, NDMC 14.4.2 Capital Account

Capital Income : Capital income is basically the plan funding received from various agencies for carrying out work under the various heads. A major portion of the receipts received under this head is allocated for Roads & Bridges. MLA Constituency Fund gets the second largest share. The figure for the five-year period is as given below:

Table 14.13: Plan funding for 5 Years (in Rs. Crore) Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Roads & Bridges 1.68 3.00 1.75 7.42 5.75 Water Supply & Sanitation 1.50 0.50 0.63 1.25 0.63 Housing - - - - - Urban development 2.01 1.68 1.50 0.32 0.60 Education 1.73 1.58 1.08 0.63 0.50 Welfare of SC/ST/OBC 0.15 - - - - Medical 0.31 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 Public Health 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.30 0.21 Agriculture & Allied Services - - -

- -

Power - - - - - Economic Services - - - - - Nutrition 0.27 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.75 Labour & Labour Welfare 0.05 0.01 - 0.01 - Social Welfare 0.53 - - - - Sports & Youth Services 0.04 - - - - MLA Constituency Fund 2.94 4.14 4.35 4.35 4.30 TOTAL 11.21 11.71 10.18 15.08 13.74


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Capital ExpenditureCapital Receipts



14-16

Capital Expenditure

The trend for capital expenditure has been varying over the five-year period. It saw a sharp fall in the year 2002-03. The major heads of capital expenditure include Roads & Bridges, Water Supply & Sanitation, and Social Welfare etc. The break up for major heads has been presented in a table below.

Table 14.14: Plan expenditure for 5 Years (In Rs. Crore)

Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Roads & Bridges 3.40 4.46 2.48 6.30 5.75 Water Supply & Sanitation 1.93 1.66 0.68 0.82 0.77 Housing - - - - - Urban development 1.19 0.70 0.20 0.41 0.68 Education 2.52 1.68 0.87 1.32 0.58 Welfare of SC/ST/OBC 0.10 0.10 - 0.19 - Medical 0.40 0.21 0.08 0.45 1.47 Public Health 0.08 0.07 0.23 0.39 0.29 Agriculture & Allied Services 0.32 0.02 0.14 0.12 - Power 2.89 6.70 - - - Economic Services - 0.00 - - - Nutrition 0.25 0.39 0.21 0.22 0.42 Labour & Labour Welfare 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.09 - Social Welfare 0.47 0.50 0.22 0.15 (0.00) Sports & Youth Services 0.06 - 0.02 - - MLA Constituency Fund 1.35 3.12 4.64 5.33 1.68 TOTAL 14.99 19.61 9.80 15.80 11.64

Source: Budgets 2002-03 to 2006-07, NDMC 14.4.3 Key Issues and Conclusions

Table 14.15: Key Indicators

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Operating Ratio 1.00 0.96 0.88 0.93 0.88 Share of assigned revenue (%) 0.45 0.56 0.71 0.74 1.05

Share of grants (%) 2.58 3.05 2.70 3.38 4.15 Share of internal sources (%) 96.97 96.39 96.59 95.88 94.80

Share of Establishment Expenditure to Revenue Expenditure (%)

34.24 35.64 35.98 38.84 33.82

Share of Establishment Expenditure to Revenue Income (%)

34.13 34.38 31.59 36.05 29.93



14-17

The following issues emerge from the above analysis carried out on the finances of NDMC.

Revenue Account Status The revenue account of NDMC from the year 2002-03 has shown a healthy surplus. The operating ratio over the period of analysis has hovered around unity indicating that revenue income is being wholly utilized to meet expenditure. Revenue Income NDMC is generating about 96% of income through its own sources which clearly indicates that it is able to self sustain and the reliance on the grants is minimal. The surplus in the account implies that the funds are available to meet the deficiency in the Capital account as and when it arises Revenue Expenditure It is observed that about 30-35% of the total revenue income is being spent on the salaries and other related costs which is well below the average when compared to other local bodies.

14.5 OVERVIEW OF DJB FINANCES

This section briefly covers the financial status of the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). DJB is committed for augmentation of water supply in Delhi and has taken several steps in this direction. The main sources of revenue for DJB are water charges, gas charges, scavenging tax, and development charges. On carrying out the analysis from the limited data made available, it can be seen that DJB finances are not in good condition, since, in five years under review, there was a deficient balance on revenue account on year to year basis without considering previous year balances. On the other hand the capital account has consistently shown a surplus thereby implying that capital income is being utilized to fund revenue expenditure.


Table 14.16: Revenue Account status of DJB (in Rs. Crore)

Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

A. Revenue Account

Income 286.18 403.84 841.45 542.87 530.20 Expenditure (inclusive of Loan & Interest repayment) 700.77 891.64 1071.28 1025.26 1344.05

Surplus/(Deficit) (414.59) (487.80) (229.83) (482.39) (813.85) Source: Information supplied by DJB, 2006



14-18

Revenue Income

Revenue Income is primarily categorized into two sources – internal sources and non-plan assistance. The variations in the level of income are on account of the high degree of fluctuation in the quantum of Non–Plan assistance. The income generated from internal sources has more or less stayed stable and has increased at annual average growth rate of 7.65 percent. Table 14.17: Source wise break-up of Revenue income

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average

Internal Sources 211.18 213.84 230.82 241.87 280.20 235.58

Non plan assistance 75.00 190.00 610.63 301.00 250.00 285.33

Total 286.18 403.84 841.45 542.87 530.20 520.91Source: Information supplied by DJB, 2006

As depicted in the figure below, around 45 percent of revenue income comes from internal sources and 55 percent comes from non-plan assistance.

Source wise Revenue break-up

Internal Sources

45%

Non plan assistance

55%

Internal Sources

Non plan assistance

Revenue Expenditure

The revenue expenditure has increased at an annual average growth rate of 18.5 percent. A major part of revenue expenditure is attributable to debt repayment. Since revenue account has deficient balance it can be implied that

0100

200300400

500600700

800900

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

In R

s. c

rore

Revenue receipt

RevenueExpenditure



14-19

not just the operational costs but also the repayments of Principal amount of loans is being funded through the Capital account. The operational expenses have increased at an average annual growth rate of 25.5 percent.

Table 14.18: Revenue Expenditure

Expenditure Year

Total expense Repayment of loan

and interest Net Operational

expenses 2000-01 700.77 357.15 343.62 2001-02 891.64 410.97 480.67 2002-03 1071.28 499.14 572.14 2003-04 1025.26 509.88 515.38 2004-05 1344.05 555.52 788.53

Source: Information supplied by DJB, 2006

14.5.2 Capital Account

Capital Income : The capital income comprises of grants & loans received from Government of NCT of Delhi. It is paid to DJB on submission of request to Delhi Government. The grants are primarily utilized for providing water supply to weaker sections supply of water through tankers to unauthorized colonies. The receipts on capital account are mainly under heads: Water & Sewerage. Loans account for 93 percent of the total capital receipts and the balance is received in the form of Grants.

Table 14.19: Source-wise Breakup of Capital Receipts

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Grants 64.1 60.02 58.15 7.50 7.80 Loans 381.43 439.45 570.45 601.23 686.96 Total 445.53 499.47 628.60 608.73 694.76

Source: Information supplied by DJB, 2006

Capital Expenditure : Capital expenditure is directed towards development of fixed assets under the broad classification of Water & Sewerage. The analysis of last five years shows that capital expenditure varies between Rs. 375.75 crores to Rs. 674.89 crores.

Source Wise Break-up of Capital Receipts

Grants7%

Loans93%

Grants

Loans



14-20

Table 14.20: Capital income and expenditure of DJB (in Rs. Crore)

Year Receipt Expenditure Water Sewerage Total Water Sewerage Total

2000-01 259.3 186.23 445.53 239.56 136.19 375.75 2001-02 317.3 182.17 499.47 393.56 176.85 570.41 2002-03 454.49 174.11 628.6 456.64 137.8 594.44 2003-04 446.55 162.18 608.73 453.43 140.19 593.62 2004-05 492.74 202.02 694.76 473.49 201.4 674.89

Source: Information supplied by DJB, 2006 14.5.3 Key Issues & Conclusions

The revenue and capital balances indicate that DJB is not quite able to meet its recurrent expenditure out of its own sources. As explained above the capital receipts generate maximum revenues. The operating ratio has been more than unity indicating a trend of going beyond means. The authority has been servicing its debts by utilizing capital receipts thus implying that instead of asset creation the capital receipts are being diverted towards meeting recurring expenses.

Annexure 14-1- Municipal Corporation of Delhi- Detailed Finances

Head of Account 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Part I: Non Plan Income and Expenditure OPENING BALANCE 0.20 139.61 145.96 128.04 204.45 115.62Revenue ReceiptsA Internal RevenuesA1 Municipal Taxes and Rates

1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas 558.94 613.11 687.00 704.15 768.94 645.88

2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals 0.40 0.43 0.49 0.63 0.87 1.10

3 Theater Tax 0.66 0.73 0.82 0.09 0.13 0.09

4 Tax on Advertisement 6.92 7.59 8.51 10.38 11.59 17.51

5 Tax on Building Permission 0.47 0.51 0.57 0.39 2.88 1.10

6 Toll tax 46.26 50.74 56.85 53.98 68.03 78.06

7 Duty on Transfer of Property 64.28 70.51 79.01 112.98 143.37 167.94

8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity 54.63 59.93 67.15 75.92 84.44 162.46

Sub Total- A1 732.57 803.56 900.41 958.52 1,080.25 1,074.13

A2 Rents and Fees

1 Fines and Process Fee 3.16 3.47 3.29 3.65 6.70 8.89

2 Education Fee 0.23 0.47 0.51 0.25 0.24 0.26

3 Fines for Cattle Pounds 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.19 0.13

4 Fees from Hospitals 0.99 1.09 1.27 1.13 1.16 1.22

5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 1.25 0.27

6 Tehbazari fee etc 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.94 3.79 28.23

7 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings 3.83 4.20 4.10 8.00 8.27 11.40

8 Special Registration for Trades 3.39 3.72 4.01 4.28 3.99 3.80

9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning 3.12 4.78 3.21 4.23 4.89 5.03

10 Miscellaneous 3.75 3.90 4.19 1.31 1.27 1.28

Sub Total- A2 18.47 21.62 20.57 27.71 31.74 60.53

A3 Others

1 Development Charges 13.69 15.02 13.93 3.78 6.03 5.99

2 Road Restoration Charges 38.46 42.19 64.45 41.72 17.11 5.57

3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 0.00 0.00 3.14 24.76 62.61 9.81

Actuals

Rs. Crores

1


Head of Account 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05Actuals

Rs. Crores

4 Others 82.34 88.96 158.70 129.04 39.36 87.02

Sub Total- A3 134.49 146.16 240.23 199.30 125.10 108.39

Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) 885.53 971.35 1,161.21 1,185.53 1,237.09 1,243.05B External Revenues

1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 190.04 227.55 247.94 296.80 295.29 347.01

2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 103.29 93.95 101.51 117.17 119.73 358.42

3 Ways and Means Advance 180.00 80.00 60.00 60.00 0.00 310.00

Sub Total- B 473.33 401.50 409.45 473.97 415.02 1,015.42

Grand Total Receipts 1,358.86 1,372.85 1,570.66 1,659.50 1,652.11 2,258.48Revenue Expenditure

1 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc 38.22 48.00 53.20 53.12 56.14 65.75

2 Education 371.97 338.94 333.25 369.41 390.83 455.88

3 Libraries 1.21 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.97 1.31

4 Public Health 39.01 37.42 37.74 39.22 40.92 48.38

5 Medical Relief 125.37 124.45 127.52 147.10 166.18 190.28

6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 260.24 263.40 275.98 298.98 334.82 378.60

7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers 73.41 11.13 8.83 11.40 11.22 11.60

8 Roads and Public Lighting 121.33 107.65 154.71 132.04 152.27 192.61

9 Markets and Slaughter Houses 3.21 3.28 2.66 4.91 4.46 3.32

10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 2.05 2.38 2.19 2.17 2.14 2.35

11 Gardens and Open Spaces 58.16 61.87 65.07 63.90 69.82 82.69

12 Development Charges 3.12 4.38 3.85 2.73 2.07 6.10

13 Miscellaneous 239.70 337.55 478.97 443.08 396.65 405.41

14 Building Lan Acquisition and Management 21.94 24.11 22.25 21.80 26.81 30.86

15 Reserves for unforeseen 0.00 7.57 3.78 33.55 22.43 75.32

Grand Total Expenditure 1,358.94 1,372.80 1,570.65 1,624.07 1,677.73 1,950.47

-0.09 0.04 0.01 35.43 -25.62 308.01Part II: Plan Schemes and Resettlement Colonies Receipts

A Grants

REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)

2



Rs. Crores

1 Education Related Items 0.00 89.57 0.00 117.35 85.48 144.74

2 Public Health and Medical 19.52 0.00 38.20 36.00 19.52

3 Roads- Urban 76.00 0.00 85.50 93.46 100.00

4 Roads-Rural 17.90 0.00 20.00 12.28 19.85

6 Slaughter House 0.38 0.00 0.19 0.51 0.13

10 Development of Urban Villages 12.00 0.00 12.00 14.27 0.00

11 Conservancies Schemes 90.00 0.00 92.00 97.61 91.51

12 Veternity Hospitals 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 Environmental Improvement 6.11 0.00 10.00 9.94 7.72

14 Community Infrastructure 5.50 0.00 6.50 7.63 7.83

15 Resettlement Colonies 63.47 0.00 48.50 22.69 25.62

16 Provision of Sanitation Services 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.14 9.20

17 Computerization 0.25 0.00 2.00 0.93 0.51

18 Trans- Yamuna 26.76 0.00 40.00 40.00 48.79

19 MLA and MP LAD Schemes 102.60 0.00 136.94 136.42 121.18

20 Others 4.94 0.00 20.00 26.08 54.89

Total- Grants 0.00 515.00 549.45 629.18 600.46 651.46

3



Rs. Crores

B Loans

1 Housing 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 0.00

2 Infrastructure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies 44.77 0.00 103.00 75.59 83.59

4 Others 0.13 0.00 0.06 2.52 4.29

5 Development of Rural Villages 18.04 0.00 0.00 32.65 44.70

6 Development of Urban Villages 0.00 0.00 19.25

Total- Loans 0.00 62.94 69.90 105.06 112.75 151.84

Total Plan Income 0.00 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.29Expenditure

RevenueMiscellaneous Schemes 0.24 0.00 0.98 1.92 0.61

Education Related Items 56.21 0.00 38.13 48.97 52.97

Public Health and Medical 92.71 0.00 112.48 107.81 102.72

Medical 7.51 0.00 11.36 8.62 12.25

CapitalEducation Related Items 63.10 0.00 61.29 52.22 88.98

Public Health and Medical 5.66 0.00 12.61 10.57 7.09

Roads 97.32 0.00 114.18 104.37 124.91

Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies 150.25 0.00 177.24 177.40 198.29

Environmental Improvement 3.53 0.00 9.95 16.75 15.77

MLA and MP LAD Schemes 81.44 0.00 112.29 179.94 58.55

Trans- Yamuna 23.84 0.00 30.79 48.85 44.09

Others 14.49 0.00 11.96 19.00 20.86

Total Expenditure 0.00 596.29 612.62 693.26 776.42 727.110.00 -18.35 6.73 40.98 -63.21 76.19

-0.09 -18.31 6.74 76.41 -88.83 384.20CLOSING BALANCE 0.12 121.31 152.70 204.45 115.62 499.82

Summary of Municipal Accounts

CAPITALACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR

4



Rs. Crores

Opening Balance 0.20 139.61 145.96 128.04 204.45 115.62Receipts

1 Revenue Account 1,358.86 1,372.85 1,570.66 1,659.50 1,652.11 2,258.482 Capital Account 0.00 577.94 619.35 734.24 713.21 803.293 Advances and Deposits 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Grand Municipal Income 1,358.86 1,950.79 2,190.00 2,393.74 2,365.32 3,061.77Expenditure


Grand Municipal Expenditure 1,358.94 1,969.10 2,183.27 2,317.33 2,454.15 2,677.57Municipal Account Status

Closing Balance 0.12 121.31 152.70 204.45 115.62 499.82

Summary of Financial Indicators1 Operating Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.02 0.86

2 Capital Utilisation Ratio - 1.03 0.99 0.94 1.09 0.91

3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.

4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment

5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.

5

Annexure 14-1- Municipal Corporation of Delh

Head of Account

Part I: Non Plan Income and Expenditure OPENING BALANCERevenue ReceiptsA Internal RevenuesA1 Municipal Taxes and Rates

1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas

2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals

3 Theater Tax

4 Tax on Advertisement

5 Tax on Building Permission

6 Toll tax

7 Duty on Transfer of Property

8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity

Sub Total- A1A2 Rents and Fees

1 Fines and Process Fee

2 Education Fee

3 Fines for Cattle Pounds

4 Fees from Hospitals

5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses

6 Tehbazari fee etc

7 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings

8 Special Registration for Trades

9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning

10 Miscellaneous

Sub Total- A2A3 Others

1 Development Charges

2 Road Restoration Charges

3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average

41.13 44.66 43.74 42.43 46.54 28.60 41.19

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02

0.51 0.55 0.54 0.63 0.70 0.78 0.64

0.03 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.17 0.05 0.06

3.40 3.70 3.62 3.25 4.12 3.46 3.63

4.73 5.14 5.03 6.81 8.68 7.44 6.62

4.02 4.37 4.28 4.58 5.11 7.19 5.10

53.91 58.53 57.33 57.76 65.39 47.56 57.31

0.23 0.25 0.21 0.22 0.41 0.39 0.30

0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.07

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.03

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.23 1.25 0.34

0.28 0.31 0.26 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.41

0.25 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.17 0.24

0.23 0.35 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.22 0.27

0.28 0.28 0.27 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.15

1.36 1.57 1.31 1.67 1.92 2.68 1.83

1.01 1.09 0.89 0.23 0.36 0.27 0.57

2.83 3.07 4.10 2.51 1.04 0.25 2.19

0.00 0.00 0.20 1.49 3.79 0.43 1.18

Percentage

Sectoral Contribution

6


Head of Account

4 Others

Sub Total- A3

Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3)B External Revenues

1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned

2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant

3 Ways and Means Advance

Sub Total- B

Grand Total ReceiptsRevenue Expenditure

1 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc

2 Education

3 Libraries

4 Public Health

5 Medical Relief

6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning

7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers

8 Roads and Public Lighting

9 Markets and Slaughter Houses

10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments

11 Gardens and Open Spaces


13 Miscellaneous

14 Building Lan Acquisition and Management

15 Reserves for unforeseen

Grand Total Expenditure

Part II: Plan Schemes and Resettlement Colonies Receipts

A Grants


1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average Percentage


6.06 6.48 10.10 7.78 2.38 3.85 6.12

9.90 10.65 15.30 12.01 7.57 4.80 10.06

65.17 70.75 73.93 71.44 74.88 55.04 69.21

13.99 16.57 15.79 17.88 17.87 15.36 16.70

7.60 6.84 6.46 7.06 7.25 15.87 8.70

13.25 5.83 3.82 3.62 0.00 13.73 5.40

34.83 29.25 26.07 28.56 25.12 44.96 30.79

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

2.81 3.50 3.39 3.27 3.35 3.37 3.37

27.37 24.69 21.22 22.75 23.30 23.37 23.06

0.09 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.05

2.87 2.73 2.40 2.41 2.44 2.48 2.49

9.23 9.07 8.12 9.06 9.91 9.76 9.18

19.15 19.19 17.57 18.41 19.96 19.41 18.91

5.40 0.81 0.56 0.70 0.67 0.59 0.67

8.93 7.84 9.85 8.13 9.08 9.88 8.95

0.24 0.24 0.17 0.30 0.27 0.17 0.23

0.15 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.14

4.28 4.51 4.14 3.93 4.16 4.24 4.20

0.23 0.32 0.24 0.17 0.12 0.31 0.23

17.64 24.59 30.50 27.28 23.64 20.79 25.36

1.61 1.76 1.42 1.34 1.60 1.58 1.54

0.00 0.55 0.24 2.07 1.34 3.86 1.61

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

7


Head of Account

1 Education Related Items

2 Public Health and Medical

3 Roads- Urban

4 Roads-Rural

6 Slaughter House

10 Development of Urban Villages

11 Conservancies Schemes

12 Veternity Hospitals

13 Environmental Improvement

14 Community Infrastructure

15 Resettlement Colonies

16 Provision of Sanitation Services

17 Computerization

18 Trans- Yamuna

19 MLA and MP LAD Schemes

20 Others

Total- Grants



15.50 0.00 15.98 11.99 18.02 12.30

3.38 0.00 5.20 5.05 2.43 3.21

13.15 0.00 11.64 13.10 12.45 10.07

3.10 0.00 2.72 1.72 2.47 2.00

0.06 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.04

2.08 0.00 1.63 2.00 0.00 1.14

15.57 0.00 12.53 13.69 11.39 10.64

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.06 0.00 1.36 1.39 0.96 0.95

0.95 0.00 0.89 1.07 0.97 0.78

10.98 0.00 6.61 3.18 3.19 4.79

0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 1.15 0.71

0.04 0.00 0.27 0.13 0.06 0.10

4.63 0.00 5.45 5.61 6.07 4.35

17.75 0.00 18.65 19.13 15.09 14.12

0.85 0.00 2.72 3.66 6.83 2.81

89.11 88.71 85.69 84.19 81.10 85.76

8


Head of Account

B Loans

1 Housing

2 Infrastructure

3 Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies

4 Others

5 Development of Rural Villages


Total- Loans

Total Plan IncomeExpenditure

RevenueMiscellaneous Schemes

Education Related Items

Public Health and Medical

Medical

CapitalEducation Related Items


Roads

Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies

Environmental Improvement

MLA and MP LAD Schemes

Trans- Yamuna

Others

Total Expenditure

CLOSING BALANCE





0.00 0.00 0.27 0.28 0.00 0.11

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.75 0.00 14.03 10.60 10.41 8.56

0.02 0.00 0.01 0.35 0.53 0.18

3.12 0.00 0.00 4.58 5.57 2.65

10.89 11.29 14.31 15.81 18.90 14.24

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

0.04 0.00 0.14 0.25 0.08 0.10

9.43 0.00 5.50 6.31 7.29 5.70

15.55 0.00 16.23 13.89 14.13 11.96

1.26 0.00 1.64 1.11 1.68 1.14

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10.58 0.00 8.84 6.73 12.24 7.68

0.95 0.00 1.82 1.36 0.98 1.02

16.32 0.00 16.47 13.44 17.18 12.68

25.20 0.00 25.57 22.85 27.27 20.18

0.59 0.00 1.43 2.16 2.17 1.27

13.66 0.00 16.20 23.18 8.05 12.22

4.00 0.00 4.44 6.29 6.06 4.16

2.43 0.00 1.73 2.45 2.87 1.89

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

9


Head of Account

Opening Balance

Receipts

1 Revenue Account

2 Capital Account

3 Advances and Deposits

Grand Municipal IncomeExpenditure

1 Revenue Account

2 Capital Account


Grand Municipal ExpenditureMunicipal Account Status

Closing Balance

Summary of Financial Indicators1 Operating Ratio

2 Capital Utilisation Ratio






10


Head of Account

Part I: Non Plan Income and Expenditure OPENING BALANCERevenue ReceiptsA Internal RevenuesA1 Municipal Taxes and Rates

1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas

2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals

3 Theater Tax

4 Tax on Advertisement

5 Tax on Building Permission

6 Toll tax

7 Duty on Transfer of Property



1 Fines and Process Fee

2 Education Fee

3 Fines for Cattle Pounds

4 Fees from Hospitals

5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses

6 Tehbazari fee etc

7 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings


9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning

10 Miscellaneous

Sub Total- A2A3 Others


2 Road Restoration Charges


1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR

3.49

-- 9.69 12.05 2.50 9.20 -16.00 3.49 1.31

-- 9.69 12.05 29.48 38.61 26.41 23.25 26.27

-- 9.69 12.05 -89.50 49.59 -28.63 -9.36 -40.47

-- 9.69 12.05 21.97 11.66 51.04 21.28 23.21

-- 9.69 12.05 -32.15 638.15 -61.76 113.20 21.03

-- 9.69 12.05 -5.06 26.04 14.75 11.49 11.37

-- 9.69 12.05 43.00 26.90 17.13 21.75 24.23

-- 9.69 12.05 13.07 11.22 92.39 27.68 28.32

-- 9.69 12.05 6.45 12.70 -0.57 8.07 7.52

--

-- 9.69 -5.05 10.74 83.86 32.71 26.39 26.56

-- 106.93 8.42 -50.00 -5.58 10.99 14.15 -13.18

-- 1.75 -27.40 -12.82 NA

-- 9.69 16.93 -11.32 3.00 4.89 4.64 2.88

-- 67.52 -78.08 -5.28 NA

-- -3.81 645.52 320.86 NA

-- 9.69 -2.50 95.26 3.38 37.87 28.74 28.35

-- 9.69 7.86 6.81 -6.85 -4.72 2.56 0.56

-- 53.27 -32.87 31.84 15.63 2.81 14.14 1.28

-- 3.86 7.36 -68.68 -3.39 1.11 -11.95 -24.30

-- 17.05 -4.85 34.72 14.52 90.72 30.43 29.35

-- 9.69 -7.22 -72.86 59.30 -0.60 -2.34 -20.53

-- 9.69 52.78 -35.28 -58.98 -67.45 -19.85 -39.72

-- 688.02 152.88 -84.33 252.19 NA

Growth over Previous Year

Percentage

11


Head of Account

4 Others

Sub Total- A3

Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3)B External Revenues

1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned


3 Ways and Means Advance

Sub Total- B

Grand Total ReceiptsRevenue Expenditure

1 General Supervision, collection of revenues etc

2 Education

3 Libraries

4 Public Health

5 Medical Relief

6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning

7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers

8 Roads and Public Lighting

9 Markets and Slaughter Houses

10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments

11 Gardens and Open Spaces


13 Miscellaneous

14 Building Lan Acquisition and Management

15 Reserves for unforeseen

Grand Total Expenditure

Part II: Plan Schemes and Resettlement Colonies Receipts

A Grants


1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGRGrowth over Previous Year

Percentage

-- 8.04 78.40 -18.69 -69.50 121.11 23.87 -0.55

-- 8.68 64.36 -17.04 -37.23 -13.36 1.08 -7.20

-- 9.69 19.55 2.09 4.35 0.48 7.23 6.36--

-- 19.74 8.96 19.71 -0.51 17.51 13.08 11.13

-- -9.04 8.04 15.43 2.18 199.36 43.19 39.76

-- -55.56 -25.00 0.00 -100.00 -45.14 40.30

-- -15.18 1.98 15.76 -12.44 144.67 26.96 26.11

-- 1.03 14.41 5.66 -0.45 36.70 11.47 13.25

-- 25.58 10.83 -0.15 5.68 17.11 11.81 8.18

-- -8.88 -1.68 10.85 5.80 16.64 4.55 7.69

-- -45.75 -0.02 0.64 47.43 35.07 7.47 18.98

-- -4.07 0.85 3.92 4.33 18.25 4.66 6.63

-- -0.73 2.46 15.36 12.97 14.50 8.91 11.20

-- 1.21 4.77 8.34 11.99 13.08 7.88 9.49

-- -84.84 -20.66 29.09 -1.62 3.46 -14.91 1.04

-- -11.27 43.71 -14.65 15.32 26.50 11.92 15.65

-- 1.97 -18.72 84.49 -9.27 -25.45 6.60 0.35

-- 16.17 -7.94 -1.02 -1.10 9.52 3.13 -0.33

-- 6.39 5.16 -1.79 9.27 18.43 7.49 7.52

-- 40.30 -12.19 -29.04 -24.24 194.77 33.92 8.61

-- 40.82 41.90 -7.49 -10.48 2.21 13.39 4.69

-- 9.88 -7.71 -2.05 23.00 15.12 7.65 6.37

-- -50.07 787.47 -33.14 235.77 235.01 77.60

-- 1.02 14.41 3.40 3.30 16.26 7.68 9.18

12


Head of Account

1 Education Related Items

2 Public Health and Medical

3 Roads- Urban

4 Roads-Rural

6 Slaughter House


11 Conservancies Schemes

12 Veternity Hospitals

13 Environmental Improvement

14 Community Infrastructure

15 Resettlement Colonies

16 Provision of Sanitation Services

17 Computerization

18 Trans- Yamuna

19 MLA and MP LAD Schemes

20 Others

Total- Grants


Percentage

-- -100.00 -27.16 69.32 -19.28 12.75

-- -100.00 -5.75 -45.79 -50.51 -0.01

-- -100.00 9.31 6.99 -27.90 7.10

-- -100.00 -38.59 61.62 -25.66 2.61

-- -100.00 176.13 -75.61 0.17 -24.02

-- -100.00 18.95 -100.00 -60.35 -100.00

-- -100.00 6.09 -6.25 -33.38 0.42

-- NA

-- -100.00 -0.57 -22.37 -40.98 6.00

-- -100.00 17.41 2.54 -26.68 9.22

-- -100.00 -53.22 12.92 -46.77 -20.29

-- -46.34 -46.34 NA

-- -100.00 -53.43 -45.64 -66.36 19.29

-- -100.00 0.00 21.97 -26.01 16.20

-- -100.00 -0.38 -11.17 -37.18 4.25

-- -100.00 30.40 110.45 13.62 82.57

-- 6.69 -4.56 8.49 3.54 6.05

13


Head of Account

B Loans

1 Housing

2 Infrastructure

3 Deve.of authorised & unauthroised Colonies

4 Others

5 Development of Rural Villages


Total- Loans

Total Plan IncomeExpenditure

RevenueMiscellaneous Schemes

Education Related Items


Medical

CapitalEducation Related Items


Roads

Infrastructure Facilities in Colonies

Environmental Improvement

MLA and MP LAD Schemes

Trans- Yamuna

Others

Total Expenditure

CLOSING BALANCE




Percentage

-- 0.00 -100.00 -50.00 NA

-- NA

-- -100.00 -26.62 10.60 -38.67 16.89

-- -100.00 3931.84 70.13 1300.66 142.00

-- -100.00 36.93 -31.53 25.46

---- 11.06 7.32 34.67 17.68 24.63

-- 7.16 -2.86 12.63 5.64 8.58

-- -100.00 96.08 -68.26 -24.06 25.91

-- -100.00 28.42 8.17 -21.14 -1.47

-- -100.00 -4.15 -4.72 -36.29 2.60

-- -100.00 -24.18 42.12 -27.35 13.00

-- -100.00 -14.79 70.40 -14.80 8.98

-- -100.00 -16.15 -32.93 -49.69 5.80

-- -100.00 -8.59 19.68 -29.64 6.44

-- -100.00 0.09 11.78 -29.38 7.18

-- -100.00 68.37 -5.81 -12.48 45.36

-- -100.00 60.25 -67.46 -35.74 -7.92

-- -100.00 58.63 -9.74 -17.04 16.62

-- -100.00 58.89 9.79 -10.44 9.55

-- 2.74 12.00 -6.35 2.79 5.08

14


Head of Account

Opening Balance

Receipts

1 Revenue Account

2 Capital Account



1 Revenue Account

2 Capital Account



Closing Balance

Summary of Financial Indicators1 Operating Ratio

2 Capital Utilisation Ratio





Percentage

15

Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Corporation- Detailed Finances

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

PART I: REVENUE INCOME & EXPENDITURE

Opening Balance 30.89 59.37 123.61 95.48A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE

Taxes:House tax

Govt property 7.17 9.24 15.76 16.14 17.28

Private property 82.29 101.02 117.05 111.74 130.32

Theater Tax 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01

Tax on Advertisement 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.10

Duty on Transfer of Property 7.10 6.10 5.58 7.95 13.28

Other Taxes 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03

Building related receipts 1.32 1.18 1.40 0.84 2.02

Fees & Fines:Fines 0.14 0.07 0.26 0.21 0.16

Composition Fee 1.12 1.41 5.04 1.58 1.59

Sewer Connection fee 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.01

Compounding Fee 0.13 0.20 0.21 0.12 0.13

Inspection Fee 0.01 0.17 0.00 0.61 0.25

Others 0.06 0.06 0.40 0.06 0.07

Sub-Total (A) 99.47 119.67 145.89 139.54 165.24

B. OTHERSInterest 30.28 24.55 32.53 27.43 178.94

Administrative Dept. 6.83 0.41 5.32 0.46 1.28

Social Services 4.24 3.43 3.31 3.43 4.17

Electricity 470.32 483.71 534.14 534.70 537.34

Receipts

In Rs. Crore

Actuals

HEADS OF ACCOUNT

1

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05In Rs. Crore

Actuals

HEADS OF ACCOUNT

Water Supply 0.00 2.02 0.00 15.02 14.46

Other Municipal works 94.23 97.14 112.40 97.92 109.75

Sub-Total (B) 605.89 611.26 687.71 678.96 845.93

C. EXTERNAL REVENUEAdvances to Employees 1.56 1.46 1.29 1.38 1.06

External Asistance 12.39 15.53 17.10 15.60 34.05

Assigned Taxes 3.36 4.28 6.28 6.39 11.29

Sub-Total (C) 17.32 21.27 24.67 23.36 46.40

TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C) 722.68 752.20 858.27 841.86 1057.57

Collection of Taxes & Duties 0.92 0.95 1.20 1.27 1.33

Interest 42.85 7.11 5.44 4.83 1.89

Administrative Dept 110.58 125.15 167.92 139.38 228.33

Education 38.88 37.74 39.38 43.53 45.72

Medical & Public Health 51.05 51.69 51.08 63.60 73.51

Animal Husbandry 0.38 0.40 0.46 0.40 0.35

Other social services 17.86 22.04 18.75 19.20 20.57

Palika Parking 0.88 0.87 0.68 0.57 0.55

Indoor Stadium 0.62 0.80 0.73 0.64 0.86

Night Shelters 0.43 0.31 0.35 0.39 0.08

Contribution to NDF 2.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00

Electricity Supply 268.66 326.44 330.80 344.49 367.27

Water Supply 54.40 45.05 37.96 46.87 61.13

Roads 4.25 8.41 10.35 11.32 9.44

Other Municipal Works 55.36 52.18 58.09 61.59 87.16

Advances to Employees 1.44 1.43 1.04 0.94 0.62

External Assistance 40.23 12.25 10.46 7.34 33.83

TOTAL EXPENDITURE 691.79 692.83 734.66 746.38 933.65Closing Balance 30.89 59.37 123.61 95.48 123.93

Expenditure

2

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05In Rs. Crore

Actuals

HEADS OF ACCOUNT

PART II : CAPITAL INCOME & EXPENDITURE

External Assistance 6.98 8.02 6.72 13.57 10.74

Deposit Works 19.86 10.66 18.41 7.92 10.66

TOTAL 26.83 18.68 25.13 21.49 21.40

Administrative Dept. 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.03

Education 1.27 1.27 1.16 1.24 0.76

Medical & Public Health 4.44 5.23 5.13 3.40 3.34

Animal Husbandry 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00

Other Social Sevices 4.19 3.86 3.86 3.27 1.95

Electricity Supply 3.96 8.42 4.66 9.99 3.22

Water Supply 1.21 2.15 1.60 0.98 0.40

Roads 7.98 6.64 6.09 14.52 9.61

Other Municipal Works 16.76 11.02 10.33 15.56 7.80

Deposit Works 15.60 12.16 8.03 6.11 5.74

TOTAL 55.44 50.84 41.04 55.10 32.84

Receipts

Expenditure

3

Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Cor


Opening Balance

A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE

Taxes:House tax

Govt property Private property

Theater TaxTax on Advertisement

Duty on Transfer of Property

Other Taxes

Building related receipts

Fees & Fines:Fines

Composition Fee

Sewer Connection fee

Compounding Fee

Inspection Fee

Others

Sub-Total (A)

B. OTHERSInterest

Administrative Dept.

Social Services

Electricity

Receipts

HEADS OF ACCOUNT 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average

0.99 1.23 1.84 1.92 1.63 1.52

11.39 13.43 13.64 13.27 12.32 12.810.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.98 0.81 0.65 0.94 1.26 0.93

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.18 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.19 0.16

0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02

0.15 0.19 0.59 0.19 0.15 0.25

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01

0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02

0.0015 0.0224 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.02

0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02

4.19 3.26 3.79 3.26 16.92 6.28

0.94 0.05 0.62 0.06 0.12 0.36

0.59 0.46 0.39 0.41 0.39 0.45

65.08 64.31 62.23 63.51 50.81 61.19


4

HEADS OF ACCOUNT

Water Supply

Other Municipal works

Sub-Total (B)

C. EXTERNAL REVENUEAdvances to Employees

External Asistance

Assigned Taxes

Sub-Total (C)

TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C)

Collection of Taxes & Duties

Interest

Administrative Dept

Education

Medical & Public Health

Animal Husbandry

Other social services

Palika Parking

Indoor Stadium

Night Shelters

Contribution to NDF

Electricity Supply

Water Supply

Roads


Advances to Employees

External Assistance

TOTAL EXPENDITUREClosing Balance

Expenditure

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 AverageSectoral Contribution

0.00 0.27 0.00 1.78 1.37 0.68

13.04 12.91 13.10 11.63 10.38 12.21

0.22 0.19 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.17

1.71 2.06 1.99 1.85 3.22 2.17

0.47 0.57 0.73 0.76 1.07 0.72

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

0.13 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.15

6.19 1.03 0.74 0.65 0.20 1.76

15.99 18.06 22.86 18.67 24.46 20.01

5.62 5.45 5.36 5.83 4.90 5.43

7.38 7.46 6.95 8.52 7.87 7.64

0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05

2.58 3.18 2.55 2.57 2.20 2.62

0.13 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.10

0.09 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10

0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.04

0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11

38.84 47.12 45.03 46.16 39.34 43.29

7.86 6.50 5.17 6.28 6.55 6.47

0.61 1.21 1.41 1.52 1.01 1.15

8.00 7.53 7.91 8.25 9.34 8.21

0.21 0.21 0.14 0.13 0.07 0.15

5.82 1.77 1.42 0.98 3.62 2.72

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

5

HEADS OF ACCOUNT


External Assistance

Deposit Works

TOTAL


Education


Animal Husbandry

Other Social Sevices

Electricity Supply

Water Supply

Roads


Deposit Works

TOTAL

Receipts

Expenditure

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 AverageSectoral Contribution

25.99 42.92 26.73 63.16 50.18 41.80

74.01 57.08 73.27 36.84 49.82 58.20

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

0.01 0.20 0.25 0.06 0.09 0.12

2.29 2.49 2.82 2.24 2.32 2.43

8.01 10.28 12.50 6.18 10.18 9.43

0.03 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.04

7.56 7.59 9.42 5.93 5.92 7.28

7.13 16.57 11.36 18.14 9.80 12.60

2.18 4.22 3.90 1.78 1.23 2.66

14.40 13.06 14.83 26.34 29.26 19.58

30.24 21.67 25.17 28.24 23.74 25.81

28.15 23.92 19.57 11.08 17.46 20.04

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

6

Annexure 14-2- New Delhi Municipal Cor


Opening Balance

A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUE

Taxes:House tax

Govt property Private property

Theater TaxTax on Advertisement

Duty on Transfer of Property

Other Taxes

Building related receipts

Fees & Fines:Fines

Composition Fee

Sewer Connection fee

Compounding Fee

Inspection Fee

Others

Sub-Total (A)

B. OTHERSInterest


Social Services

Electricity

Receipts

HEADS OF ACCOUNT 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average

23.84 49.56 4.40 -14.80 15.7517.94 1.54 -2.67 -7.16 2.41

-13.16 -66.44 285.14 -56.69 37.21

47.88 -31.99 123.12 2.26 35.32

-17.46 -19.75 45.09 33.03 10.23

247.51 8.26 14.09 11.78 70.41

-13.86 3.95 -38.54 90.83 10.59

-48.34 210.66 -15.81 -40.48 26.5121.01 213.60 -68.11 -19.58 36.7333.61 -22.23 28.96 -94.10 -13.4448.16 -9.19 -40.64 -17.02 -4.6714.44 -100.00 -68.19 -51.251.28 498.93 -85.92 1.42 103.93

-22.11 16.16 -14.03 419.23 99.81-94.27 1045.58 -91.13 119.32 244.87-22.15 -15.40 5.64 -3.32 -8.81-1.19 -3.22 2.06 -20.00 -5.59

Growth rate

7

HEADS OF ACCOUNT

Water Supply

Other Municipal works

Sub-Total (B)

C. EXTERNAL REVENUEAdvances to Employees

External Asistance

Assigned Taxes

Sub-Total (C)

TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C)

Collection of Taxes & Duties

Interest

Administrative Dept

Education


Animal Husbandry

Other social services

Palika Parking

Indoor Stadium

Night Shelters

Contribution to NDF

Electricity Supply

Water Supply

Roads


Advances to Employees

External Assistance

TOTAL EXPENDITUREClosing Balance

Expenditure

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 AverageGrowth rate

161851.75 -99.96 1531171.58 -23.36 423225.00-0.95 1.41 -11.19 -10.78 -5.38

-10.10 -22.58 8.54 -38.42 -15.6420.36 -3.50 -6.96 73.73 20.9122.44 28.59 3.59 40.68 23.83

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.76 18.91 4.19 -16.09 2.44-83.43 -27.88 -12.59 -68.77 -48.1713.00 26.53 -18.29 30.96 13.05-3.09 -1.60 8.82 -16.05 -2.981.09 -6.80 22.55 -7.60 2.315.78 7.61 -14.52 -29.43 -7.64

23.22 -19.79 0.82 -14.35 -2.53-1.28 -27.08 -17.21 -22.83 -17.1029.67 -14.64 -13.42 7.99 2.40

-27.25 7.05 8.54 -83.33 -23.75-100.00 -100.00

21.32 -4.43 2.51 -14.77 1.16-17.31 -20.53 21.53 4.26 -3.0197.91 15.97 7.72 -33.33 22.07-5.88 4.98 4.37 13.13 4.15-1.21 -31.44 -10.87 -47.11 -22.66

-69.60 -19.46 -30.90 268.28 37.080.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

8

HEADS OF ACCOUNT


External Assistance

Deposit Works

TOTAL


Education


Animal Husbandry

Other Social Sevices

Electricity Supply

Water Supply

Roads


Deposit Works

TOTAL

Receipts

Expenditure

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 AverageGrowth rate

65.12 -37.73 136.31 -20.56 35.79-22.87 28.37 -49.72 35.24 -2.25

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1981.94 20.89 -74.83 45.07 493.278.78 13.01 -20.38 3.36 1.19

28.35 21.66 -50.59 64.69 16.03-100.00 -100.00 -100.00

0.41 24.10 -37.03 -0.13 -3.16132.17 -31.42 59.65 -45.99 28.6093.29 -7.51 -54.32 -31.17 0.07-9.34 13.60 77.62 11.09 23.24

-28.32 16.13 12.20 -15.92 -3.98-15.00 -18.22 -43.35 57.56 -4.75

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average

Opening Balance -3088.42 -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54

Revenue ReceiptsA Water Supply

1 Water charges 160.85 178.30 166.59 206.45 39.77 21.19 30.69 36.55 32.05

a NDMC 15.92 18.04 16.06 20.82 3.94 2.14 2.96 3.69 3.18

b MES 4.66 3.43 4.69 6.19 1.15 0.41 0.86 1.10 0.88

2Water charges (Transfer entry from Plants and offices of DJB) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Misc. Income 1.11 1.12 3.10 10.74 0.27 0.13 0.57 1.90 0.72

B Sewerage 1 Sewerage Charges (MCD) 16.85 11.80 0.00 0.00 4.17 1.40 0.00 0.00 1.39

a NDMC 10.20 12.27 9.84 13.83 2.52 1.46 1.81 2.45 2.06

b MES 2.99 3.65 2.87 4.11 0.74 0.43 0.53 0.73 0.61

2 Non-Plan Assistance 190.00 610.64 301.00 284.00 46.98 72.57 55.45 50.27 56.32

3 Misc. Income 1.83 2.19 38.72 18.77 0.45 0.26 7.13 3.32 2.79TOTAL REVENUE INCOME 404.41 841.44 542.87 564.91 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Revenue Expenditure1 Establishment 161.57 177.66 192.49 238.07 18.12 16.58 18.77 21.22 18.67

2 Other adminstrative Expenses 10.80 29.49 0.00 0.00 1.05 2.63 0.92

3 Power 222.41 271.14 224.36 236.00 24.94 25.31 21.88 21.04 23.29

4 Repair & Maintenance 26.85 22.09 21.71 15.76 3.01 2.06 2.12 1.40 2.15

5 General Stores and Chemicals 14.99 14.21 15.84 17.08 1.68 1.33 1.55 1.52 1.52

6 Cost of Raw Water 5.69 7.38 22.94 22.00 0.64 0.69 2.24 1.96 1.38

7 Property Tax 45.62 75.87 27.23 5.00 5.12 7.08 2.66 0.45 3.82

8 Repayment of loan and Interest 410.97 499.14 509.88 555.52 46.09 46.59 49.73 49.51 47.98

10 Cess 3.54 3.78 3.02 0.40 0.35 0.00 0.27 0.25TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE 891.64 1071.28 1025.26 1121.94

Status- Surplus/Deficit -487.22 -229.84 -482.39 -557.03

Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- Detailed Finances

Actual

Capital Account

Revenue Account


Rs in Crore PercentageHead of Account

1

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average

Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- Detailed Finances

Actual Sectoral Contribution

Head of AccountCapital Receipts

1 Water

Loan 265.30 399.84 439.05 484.94 53.12 63.61 72.13 69.80 64.66

Grant 52.00 54.65 7.50 7.80 10.41 8.69 1.23 1.12 5.36

2 Sewerage

Loan 174.15 170.61 162.18 202.02 34.87 27.14 26.64 29.08 29.43

Grant 8.02 3.50 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.54

Total Capital Receipts 499.47 628.60 608.73 694.76 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Capital Expenditure1 Water 393.56 456.64 453.43 473.49 69.00 76.82 76.38 70.16 73.092 Sewerage 176.85 137.80 140.19 201.40 31.00 23.18 23.62 29.84 26.91

Total Capital Expenditure 570.41 594.44 593.62 674.89 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Status- Surplus/Deficit -70.94 34.16 15.11 19.87OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS -558.16 -195.68 -467.28 -537.16Closing Balance -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54 -4846.70

2

Opening Balance

Revenue ReceiptsA Water Supply

1 Water charges

a NDMC

b MES

2Water charges (Transfer entry from Plants and offices of DJB)

3 Misc. Income

B Sewerage 1 Sewerage Charges (MCD)

a NDMC

b MES

2 Non-Plan Assistance

3 Misc. Income

TOTAL REVENUE INCOME

Revenue Expenditure1 Establishment

2 Other adminstrative Expenses

3 Power

4 Repair & Maintenance

5 General Stores and Chemicals

6 Cost of Raw Water

7 Property Tax

8 Repayment of loan and Interest

10 Cess

TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE Status- Surplus/Deficit

Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- D

Capital Account

Revenue Account

Head of Account 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 CAGR

-- 10.85 -6.57 23.93 8.68%

-- 13.32 -10.99 29.64 9.35%

-- -26.39 36.73 31.98 9.93%

--

1.03 176.69 113.15%

-- -29.97 -100.00 -100.00%

-- 20.29 -19.80 40.55 10.68%

-- 22.07 -21.37 43.21 11.19%

-- 221.39 -50.71 -5.65 14.34%

-- 19.44 1668.04 -51.52 117.13%

--

-- 9.96 8.35 23.68 13.79%

-- 172.95 172.95%

-- 21.91 -17.25 5.19 2.00%

-- -17.73 -1.74 -27.40 -16.28%

-- -5.21 11.49 7.80 4.44%

-- 29.80 210.69 -4.10 56.97%

-- 66.32 -64.11 -81.64 -52.14%

-- 21.46 2.15 8.95 10.57%

-- 6.81 -100.00 -5.16%

Percentage

Growth rate

3

Annexure 14-3- Delhi Jal Board- D

Head of AccountCapital Receipts

1 Water

Loan

Grant

2 Sewerage

Loan

Grant

Total Capital ReceiptsCapital Expenditure

1 Water2 Sewerage

Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/Deficit

OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUSClosing Balance

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 CAGR

Growth rate

19.75 13.39 -3.22 22.27%

-16.49 -85.83 -8.88 -46.87%

-22.16 -1.84 9.14 5.07%

-65.32 -100.00 -49.35%

--

-- 11.34 -0.57 -8.15 6.36%

-- -25.23 1.87 26.36 4.43%

--

4

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 15 : Community Consultation

Chapter – 15 Community Consultation


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CHAPTER - 15 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

15.1 INTRODUCTION

The participation process for the CDP Delhi has been conducted at two levels, distinguished by the range of the stakeholders involved and their level of participation. The first level of the process was consultative in nature. The stakeholders were involved through interviews and focus group discussions for assessment of the situation in terms of levels of urban services, and identification of needs for infrastructure improvement etc. The second level of consultation was a participatory workshop with stakeholders being involved in collaborative decision making. Various stakeholder groups were identified during the consultation program.

PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS: The beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected (positively or negatively) by it. They include local populations (resource persons, community, students) in the project/program area, in particular, poor and marginalized groups who have traditionally been excluded from participating in development efforts such as JJ cluster, relocation/resettlement colonies and slum dwellers, and organizations such as Residential welfare organizations, traders’ organizations, hoteliers and other associations. SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS: those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly affected by it. They include the borrowing government, line ministry and project staff, implementing agencies, local governments, civil society organizations, representatives of business and industry, and other development agencies. Councillors of MCD & NDMC, development agencies such as Delhi Development Authority (DDA) line departments such as DJB, PWD etc were amongst the stakeholders consulted. Resident Welfare Associations (RWA’s), as well as NGO’s working on issues at a city level, were consulted through individual interactions, as well as during the workshops.

15.2 CITY STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE

The Consultation process was formulated to target stakeholders at varied levels through primary consultations in the NCTD area, and workshops. Details of the agenda of the workshops, and stakeholders consulted have been given in Table 15.1 below, and in Annexures 15.1, 15.2 & 15.3

15.2.1 Primary Stakeholders

A total of sixteen primary consultations have been carried out in different areas of the NCTD. The details of the consultation sessions held in NCTD area have been given in Table 15-1 and detailed outcome of the meetings have been presented in Section 15.3 below.

Table 15.1: Details of Primary Stakeholder Consultations in NCTD Area

Consultation Type Stakeholder Area

Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

JJ Cluster in Shahdara

Near Jhilmil industrial area adjacent to MCD zonal office – East Delhi


JJ Cluster in Yamuna Pushta area

Near Gandhinagar on Pushta road – East Delhi



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Consultation Type Stakeholder Area Focus Group Discussion (FGD) JJ Cluster in Narela Near Harischand Talab behind Govt

Girls School-West Delhi Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

Grain Mandi Committee, Narela

New Grain Market, Narela Mandi – West Delhi


Unauthorised Regularised Colony Saidulajaib

Near IGNOU, Anupam Enclave Part-II, Saidulajaib – South Delhi

Individual Interview President, Industrial Welfare Association

Unauthorized Industrial Area, Mangolpuri – West Delhi

Individual Interview President, Karol Bagh Trader Federation

Karol Bagh Area, Karol Bagh – North-West Delhi

Individual Interview Owner, Mangla Steel & Sanitary House

Alipur Road, Near New Anaj Mandi Gate, Narela – West Delhi


Hazard Centre-NGO Group, Sanjha Manch (representatives of slums and unauthorized colonies)

Near Munirka Village, Munirka - for NCTD Area

Individual Interview SRUTI-Society for Rural, Urban and Tribal Initiative

NCTD Area

15.2.2 Secondary Stakeholders

The secondary stakeholders included government representatives; as well as people’s representatives. Secondary stakeholders have been consulted both on technical and financial issues ; as well as their insights into development issues in the city, and people’s perceptions. Secondary stakeholder consultations have been in the form of workshops, interviews, meetings, presentations and site visits. Table 15-2 mentions the secondary stakeholders consulted.

Table 15.2: Details of Secondary Stakeholder Consultations in NCTD Area

Chief Minister/Ministers

Mayor of MCD Elected Representative

Ward Councillors

Chief Secretary

Commissioner and Secretaries Government Officials Heads and Staff of Government and Para-statal Departments

Dean of Studies, SPA, New Delhi

Faculty, SPA, New Delhi

Senior Faculty, Institute of Economic Growth

Ex-Chief, CII

Head, ICRIER

Senior Faculty, IMI

Ex-Commissioner, Slums

Institutions

AGM, National Housing Board



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In addition to the above, Dept. of Urban Development, Delhi Government (as the coordinating agency for the preparation of the CDP) called for fortnightly meetings between the Ecosmart team and representatives of key agencies and departments of the government (MCD, DJB, NDMC, DDA, Slum & JJ, PWD, Transport, Urban Development, Planning – refer table below) in order to seek inputs and feedback on the process and recommendations. The CDP evolved through these interactions; and, as a result, the participating agencies are well aware and committed to the proposals made in the document. Table 15.3: Agencies Present In Fortnightly Reviews Of The CDP

S. No.

Designation of Stakeholder Agency represented

1. Chairperson Or Financial Advisor NDMC 2. Engineer In Chief NDMC 3. Additional Commissioner, Conservancy MCD 4. Additional Commissioner, Slums MCD 5. Engineer In Chief MCD 6. CEO DELHI CANTT. BOARD 7. CEO / Chief Engineer DJB 8. Engineer In Chief PWD 9. Commissioner planning / addl. Comm.,

plng., director plng. DDA

10. Commissioner Transport Dept. Of transport 11. MD Delhi State Industrial And

Infrastructure Develoment Corporation

12. Principal Or Additional Secretary, Finance GNCTD 13. Director Planning GNCTD 14. Principal, Or Additional Secretary, Urban

Development GNCTD

The Ecosmart team also met with Civil Society Organisations and NGO’s working in the various areas of urban development. Several of these also participated in the stakeholder consultation workshops (refer Annexures 15.3 )

15.3 SECTORWISE VIEWPOINT OF COMMUNITY

The outcomes of the consultations are presented to enable an understanding of the current urban infrastructure situation of the city, the (adverse) impacts due to the present situation and various changes sought by the community. The tables regarding issues and suggestions emerging from the consultation have been prepared urban sector wise for clarity and ease.

Water supply

Zone wise inequitable distribution of water supply has forced consumers to depend on ground water by drilling tube wells, installing booster pumps to enhance water supply; increasing the storage capacity etc. The table below presents an area wise consumers viewpoint on service level and suggestions for water supply improvement.



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Table 15.4: Summary of Consultation Findings for Water Supply in the NCTD Area

Issues raised by Stakeholders

Community Present Level of Service Delivery Adverse Impacts

Suggestions

Community • Shahdara • Narela • Mangolpuri • Tikri kalan • Savda

Ghevra • Saidula • Malviya

Nagar • Karol Bagh • Gazipur • Khanpur NGO & CBOs • Hazard

Centers • SRUTI • Industrial

Associations Institutions • SPA, Delhi • IEG, Delhi

Service Level • Poor water

quality at the tail end of the water network

• Low water Pressure

• Inequitable water distribution

• Acute water shortage during dry season

• Irregular water supply in peripheral areas of the city

• Water meter not installed

• DJB performance unsatisfactory

• Water tankers & Public stand posts are the only source of water supply in urban villages and JJ clusters

• Water brought from 100m for domestic purpose from DJB water tanker

• Water supplied from private tanker @ INR 300-500/1000 liters

• Hours are spent in fetching water from DJB tankers

• Need water to be supplied from surface water

• Construction of more water reservoirs

• Need for replacing water supply line

• Laying new water supply line to provide coverage to unserviced area

• Laying water supply network in the relocation sites and jj clusters

• Extension of Sonia Vihar scheme in unserviced areas in South Delhi

15.3.1 Sewerage System

Only 35 per cent of the city is covered by a sewerage system. Unauthorized colonies, urban villages, JJ clusters and peripheral areas are devoid of a sewerage network, and therefore dependent on septic tanks for waste disposal. The sewerage network laid in around 400 unauthorized/regularized colonies are either not working or the pipe diameters are undersized to carry the sewage generated in those areas. Most of the sewage is disposed directly into drains and streams causing very unhygienic conditions and contaminating the water sources. Table 15-4 summarizes the primary consultation findings for sewerage.



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Table 15.5: Summary of Consultation Findings for Sewerage System in NCTD Area

Issues raised by Stakeholders Community Present Level of Service

Delivery Adverse Impacts Suggestions





Associations

Institutions • SPA, Delhi • IEG, Delhi

Service Level • Conveyance system

insufficient • Silting of conveyance

network • No provision for

emptying septic tanks

• No provision for disposal from mobile sanitation systems

• Waste from septic tanks and sewerage network disccharged into the natural drainage system

• Most septic tanks are unlined

Urban Governance • INR 1000-1500 is

charged for emptying septic tanks

• Absence of sewage facility in most commercial areas, shopping malls in peripheral areas

• High court order for not providing sewerage network in unauthorized colonies

• Soil and water contamination

• Population in JJ clusters defecates in the open due to lack of sanitation facilities

• Women find it unsafe and embarrassing to defecate in the open, in community toilets

• Unhygienic conditions with spread of diseases.

• Sewerage system required for the city.

• Need for establishment of STP and drain openings

• Replacement of undersized network

• Need for construction of community toilets in public places

• Need for individual toilets in JJ clusters and relocation sites

15.3.2 Storm Water Drainage System

Storm water drainage in the city is mostly through nallahs and drains. The total length of storm water drainage is around 25,000km. About 50% of the existing city area is covered by open unlined drainage. The drains have become carriers of raw sewage and are generally choked with solid waste.



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Table 15.6: Summary of Consultation Findings for Storm Water Drainage in NCTD Area



Suggestions






Service Level • Absence of proper

drainage system • Existing drainage

system is choked with solid waste

• 75 per cent of network is silted due to connection of sewage network

• Water logging on road leading to damage of road surface

• No drainage mapping and levels available for city

Urban Governance • MCD and PWD

responsible for maintenance of Drains

• Incidences of localized flooding and water logging

• Silting of drains

• Loss of rain water and its mixing with sewage

• Need for proper lining of drainage channels and improvement of surface drainage.

• Need to construct more drains to carry the huge volume of water during rainy season.

• Drainage should end in natural water bodies and artificial tanks for ground water recharge

15.3.3 Solid Waste Management

The MCD is responsible for SWM within the NCTD area. The daily waste generated in Delhi is about 7000 MTPD. Primary collection is carried out by the MCD through street sweeping and from storage bins. At present, only 60-65% of the waste generated is collected. No house-to house waste collection or source segregation of waste is followed. The present collection system covers the densely populated areas and the planned colonies and there are many unplanned colonies, rural areas and JJ clusters where collection of MSW is not done or collection is done twice a week only. The waste generated in these areas is either burnt or dumped on open streams or vacant spaces by the residents. Treatment of waste, currently, is minimal --- waste is land dumped at three sites, which are nearly full. In the absence of any separate system for collection of bio-medical wastes, it is mixed with MSW.



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Table 15.7: Summary of Consultation Findings for Solid Waste Management in NCTD Area



Suggestions

Community • Shahdara • Narela • Mangolpuri • Tikri kalan • Savda Ghevra • Saidula • Malviya Nagar • Karol Bagh • Gazipur • Khanpur NGO & CBOs • Hazard



Service Level • Lack of Disposal

Site • Regular collection

of waste in selected area of city

• Frequency of collection is twice a week in peripheral areas and slums

• Drains are recipients of solid waste

Urban Governance • Municipal Council

responsible for waste collection

• Drains get blocked due to waste disposal leading to water contamination

• Need more dustbins

• Fines to be levied on polluters

• Awareness programme

• Willingness to pay for door to door collection of waste

15.3.4 Transportation

The road network follows a ring and radial pattern with C.P. as focal point. Roads cover roughly 21% of the urban area in the NCTD. The expansion of the road network and growth of vehicular traffic in Delhi has resulted in the installation of traffic signals at short distances. There are more than 700 signalized intersections located all over Delhi to control traffic operations and ensure smooth flow of traffic. The signalized intersections have led to excessive time and fuel consumption for all vehicular trips. Table 15-7 summarizes the primary consultation findings for transportation.



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Table 15.8: Summary of Consultation Findings for Transportation in NCTD Area



Suggestions





Associations

Institutions • SPA, Delhi • IEG, Delhi

Service Level • Problem of

parking in residential and commercial areas

• Poor accessibility to public transport to urban fringes

• Poor condition of sub arterial and neighborhood roads

• Encroachments on the road

• Damage to road surfaces due to construction activity

• Covering of drains

• Non-existent street lighting

• Delay and increased travel

• Increase in private vehicle ownership due to inaccessibility to public transport

• Repair and maintenance of approach roads

• Enhancing connectivity of peripheral area with core city area through metro.

• Improvement of street lighting

• Covering of Drains along the main roads in commercial and residential areas

15.4 PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRESENT LEVEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY

One aspect that gets highlighted in all consultations is the dissatisfaction that people feel with the present quality of urban infrastructure and service delivery. In NCTD area as in all other cities, people have put forth the need for improvement of urban infrastructure services.

15.4.1 View on Water Supply

Primary stakeholders have expressed extreme resentment over the present service delivery. People informed that the frequency of water supply ranges from once in two days to once a week. To supplement the inadequate water supply people buy water from private water suppliers at a monthly rate of INR 250 per 1000 litre per households or through private tube wells. The community has expressed more faith in the private water suppliers than in the DJB. The community has put forth suggestions such as construction of reservoirs, construction of ring wells, community water tanks to resolve water supply woes. People have expressed their willingness to pay for improved and assured water supply.

15.4.2 View on Sewerage

At present only 35 per cent of NCTD area is covered by a sewerage system. The common method of sewage disposal is through septic tanks and soaks pits in the villages, urban fringes and other unserviced areas. People in all meetings



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expressed their desire to have a public sewerage system, once the system was explained to them.

15.4.3 View on Drainage

It is evident from the maximum number of responses giving top priority to addressal of drainage issues, that drainage components in NCTD area needs the most intervention. People have linked the occurrence of water logging to drainage. Drainage issues thus need to be addressed holistically. People have complained about choked drains and underground seepage from drainage channels.

15.4.4 Slum and JJ clusters

Slum areas are characterized by inadequate services such as poor approach roads, improper drainage, and lack of water supply and sewerage facilities. Residents of planned areas have expressed the view that the poor need to be included and provided for in the development of the city. Residents from all the JJ clusters have asked specifically for provision of water supply, provision of individual toilets, improvement of drainage. Moreover people also emphasized security of tenure and in-situ redevelopment to avoid loss of livelihoods.

15.4.5 Views on Traffic and Transportation Sector

The transportation sector has been accorded fourth ranking along with SWM in the priority ranking of issues and has received the third most number of responses after the drainage & sewerage systems. The generic suggestions for improvement of Traffic and Transportation sector include: Removal of encroachment in commercial and residential areas, Repair of road network damaged due to laying of underground infrastructure Improving connectivity of the urban fringes with core city area and Provision of street lighting

15.4.6 Views on Solid Waste Management

SWM has been accorded overall fourth priority ranking by the community and the NGOs consulted. Presently waste collection services extend to all zones of the city with less emphasis on the peripheral area, unauthorized colonies and rural areas within the city. The collection service is restricted to the main arterial roads, government colonies and planned areas with city territory. Moreover, there is a dearth of dustbins in almost all the areas of the city.

In areas covered by network private waste collection system, bins (Green and Blue bins) are placed on the shoulder of the road. It has been observed that due to low efficiency of collection of waste, waste gets accumulated in the dustbins itself and spills over to the surroundings attracting stray cattle and creating traffic congestion.

15.4.7 Willingness to Pay for Services

People have expressed their willingness to pay for improved urban services like piped water with assured water supply, improved collection facility for SW and



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community toilets. However, the willingness to pay varies across income groups and urban and rural areas.

15.5 STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOPS

As part of the consultation program and in continuation to consultations being carried out across the city, stakeholder workshops were organized to arrive at a consensus on the key issues identified with regard to the various elements analyzed above, and to firm up the optional strategies to address the service delivery and financial issues identified. The workshops were organized over two days:

• the first one included representatives from government, business and trade organizations;

• the second one included institutional representatives, NGO’s and RWA’s in the city.

Both sessions were chaired by Ex-Chief Secretary Delhi, Shri S. Reghunathan. As part of the process, over 225 persons from various fields and sectors were contacted to attend the workshops.

The agenda of the workshops is presented in Annex 15-1 & 15-2. The list of participants is presented in Annex 15-3. The sector wise key findings are presented below.

Sector wise views of the Stakeholders: The issues discussed as part of City Development Plan (07th & 08th September 2006) Land Management and Urban Growth Planning Concerns 1. Decentralized planning 2. Blue Network Planning 3. Green Network Planning 4. Ward Level Planning 5. Growth of secondary level environment

should be stopped 6. The master plan has been updated 1485

times, since 1962. It is a document that is revised, and not reinvented with every attempt.

7. The CDP must be prepared with respect to (a); the NCR Plan (b): Environmental concerns (c ): 74th CAA (d): Economic Liberalisation, 1992

8. Heritage should be protected 9. Implement renewal of areas that are now functionally outdated 10. Urban renewal through imagination, not through an inhuman approach 11. City should have an image. Determine this, and let planning respond to it. 12. Consider implications of the Tejinder Khanna Committee Report on infrastructure

requirements.

Mr. Ashok Kumar Jain Commissioner (DDA)



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Institutional Reforms 13. Institutional reforms- Various institutional structures to be reviewed and

restructuring of centre and state. 14. Urban Renewal Mission is extended to 63 cities across the country. In all the

cities the Nodal Agency is the Local Body, except in Delhi, where it is the State Government. Local government has to be strengthened. Center-State-Local continuum has to be established. The interrelationship between Central-State and Local-State are to be looked into for implementation of the projects identified under JNNURM.

NCR Linkages 15. Interstate linkage from surrounding states---Uttar Pradesh and Haryana will not

part with any land for Delhi. Environmental Concerns & Industries 16. Environment Issues such as air and water pollution are to be managed 17. Safety and Security of City dwellers 18. All Large and Medium Scale Industries are already closed in Delhi. In another 2

years, it is proposed to relocate all industries in non-conforming areas from the city (28,000 industries are to be relocated)

19. Industries located in the residential area and unauthorized colonies are to be relocated 20. 10 CETP’s are commissioned (5 are under construction) 21. Rejuvenation of existing industrial area in coordination with the master plan Slums & Urban Poor 15. Priority should be given to in-situ upgradation of slums; Relocation and

Redevelopment later. 16. PPP should be used to the advantage of the poor, not the government. 17. Migration has not reduced enough to be sustainable for the city (still too high) 18. Migration form Bihar has doubled in the past decade. Employment 19. Delhi Employment Sectors are

a. Competitive Trades b. Transportation Trades- Distributive Trades c. Central Government Offices-74 CG offices which are not directly required to

be in the National Capital are identified for relocation. d. Plans are to be made as per the Institutional Jurisdiction-Ward level Plan;

Zonal level Plan. e. Public participation and community involvement are key to undertake the

development process. 20. Growth of small enterprises should be supported in Delhi --- MNC’s and Large

establishments can operate form the NCR 21. Investment leads to mobility in the city. There are good employment

opportunities in the city, especially in manufacturing and the small scale sector.



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Transport Sector Planning Concerns 1. Transport Planning and road network development shall be undertaken in

integration with land use planning; not in hindsight, as is done currently 2. Model for city has to be looked into -there has been unprecedented growth of

vehicular traffic 3. Urban Transport policy to be implemented 4. Carry out comprehensive transport study 5. Design city around people not traffic - design of transport intersections keeping

in mind the pedestrian traffic; busy road network in congested areas should be pedestrianised and made one way

Upgradation and Interconnectivity 6. A sustainable transport system is

required, considering vehicular emissions, accidents on roads; and the composition of private vehicles

7. Inefficient Systems must be upgraded the working of the DTC needs to be looked into

8. Road augmentation and parking vs. Public Transport System

9. Interconnectivity of modes should be seamless

10. Consider the level of impact of the metro on the city development along the corridors; the levels of subsidy, elevated structures are poor designs for the city

11. Enhance public transport system 12. Ring railway system should form part of the integrated transport system,

especially in view of affordability. Coordinate with other modes. 13. Regulatory measures to discourage private vehicles on road 14. Examine proposal for Bus Rapid Transit System 15. Comprehensive parking plan for solving parking problems of Delhi 16. Parking away from market place with free RTI services; introduce point to point

services in public transport. 17. Development of transport system

for Disabled population 18. Encroachments on the road- 350

km of the metro city 19. Road safety system-manhole on

road, design approval by auditor 20. Development of cycle tracks for

cyclist safety; segregate light and heavy vehicles

21. Cycle traffic to be encouraged

Mr. V. S. Madan Secretary-cum-Commissioner (Transport)



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Water Supply 1. Delhi has supply side management while the emphasis should be on the demand

side management. Demand Assessment has not been done properly. Improvement of the water supply system should lay emphasis on the following:

Appropriate pricing, to curtail wastage Management of the water lost during distribution Lack of capacity of the system

Water Distribution & Equitable Access 2. Hydraulic modeling (Management Information System) should be adopted for the

management of entire water distribution. DJB is still managing water as it was done 70 years ago. It needs management expertise.

3. Disparity in Water Distribution system should be looked into, even within each supply zone

4. No water supply network in urban villages, leading to ground water depletion 5. Equitable access to water is a question. Policies should focus on the access to

water for poor. Currently, they are not entitled to have individual connections. Coping costs are very high.

6. Delhi is a city with no infrastructure -- Water Supply is lacking in many areas, power supply is intermittent, there is rampant, unauthorized construction, and multiplicity of authorities, leading to poor management. There is no interface between the provider and the user.

Repairs, Management, Monitoring & Pricing 7. Repair and management of 10,000 kms of

underground water supply network is a challenge.

8. Monitoring of water supply through bulk metering etc

9. Legislative reforms and varied water pricing for the poor and rich

10. Delhi’s water supply is based on consumptive use we return 80% of water supplied to the river. If the city starts recycling, we will not be able to sustain this.

11. The neighboring states to Delhi, that is, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana are also reluctant to provide water due to:

Leakage and poor management of water The quality of water which is returned to River Yamuna

12. Delhi must insist on Renuka, Lakhwar Vyasi and Kishau dams coming up, in order

to meet requirements in the long term. 13. Provision of Water harvesting to be made for Shiv Temples



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Waste Water Generation and Management 1. Efficiency of the sewerage network to be improved and laying of sewerage

system in the un-sewered areas. Large parts of unauthorized colonies are completely un-sewered.

2. Rehabilitation of the Silted Network must be undertaken to the extent possible --- large parts of the network are completely silted up.

3. Kitchen and Bath water are mixed with sewage 4. Bricklined Drains are carrying sewage 5. Sewage Treatment Plant to be constructed at the end of the drains discharging

water in river Yamuna 6. Only half of the existing STPs are working 7. Fixing of institutional responsibility 8. The DJB should not be made responsible for both water supply and sewerage ---

Constitute a separate body for sewage and storm water disposal and rain water harvesting. These are large systems, and should have an independent agency to run them.

Solid Waste Management Sites for Waste Disposal 1. NCR Planning Board had recommended 10,000 hectare land for disposal of solid

waste of Delhi. The State Governments of UP and Haryana have not agreed to allow Delhi to have waste disposal sites in their states.

2. Decision should be made that the facilities should be at the regional level or decentralized. State boundaries should not be an issue

3. Delhi has scarcity of land for disposal. At present all the three landfill sites at Bhalswa, Gazipur and Okhla are full.

4. The guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests for solid waste management needs to be complied with, meaning compliance of 'Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000'

5. About 500 hectares of land would be required if all the solid waste generated in Delhi is landfilled as per the abovementioned rule (SWM 2000)

Waste Minimisation, Processing and Recycling 6. Waste minimization be given top priority to save land 7. Restrict waste disposal on land 8. Promote waste processing and recycling 9. Implementation plan be made for above.

There are four composting plants in Delhi with a total designed capacity of 975 tons per day, out of which the plant owned by the MCD at Okhla is closed for the past couple of years. However, the three remaining plants are working under-capacity, to the tune of less than 50%, possibly due to quality and marketing problems. An incinerator plant was installed in the year 1986 at Timarpur with a designed capacity of



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burning 300 tons per day of municipal garbage producing 3 MW electrical power. This plant could not work due to a mismatch with the quality of garbage (low calorific value and high moisture).

10. To start with, all the four existing compost plants can be augmented within a short time with technical, financial and marketing support to actually process upwards of 1000 tons of municipal garbage per day. Simultaneously plans for more processing facilities can be made to maximize processing and minimize land requirement for land filling.

Facilities for Hazardous Waste 11. Delhi also needs facilities specifically for bio-medical and hazardous waste. At

present the disposal facilities are designed for municipal waste. 12. Clear policy required for management of bio-medical waste, particularly with

respect to facilitating the sector. The 'Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998' puts the responsibility on the 'Generator' of waste, the 'Operator' of the treatment and disposal facility and the 'Prescribed Authority' for monitoring and implementation.

13. Site identification for disposal of Hazardous Waste through interstate networking 14. Public participation and public awareness is a must for solid waste management Heritage and Environment Integrated Approach to Cultural & Natural Heritage 1. Environment and Heritage need to be looked at integrally. Heritage is associated

with water systems, channels, open spaces etc. Establish contiguities of green spaces and heritage.

2. Delhi is a city contained between the ridge and the river. Development can either be around these, respecting them, or on top of these, destroying them. Natural Heritage, the river and ridge have to be preserved.

Listing & Documentation 3. Listing of natural and manmade

heritage. 4. There is no comprehensive listing of

heritage structure and the State Archeology Act is not in place. There is no legality in the MCD taking up heritage issues. Only the Master Plan has the legal mandate (and is the right platform to take it up)

5. Listing of heritage in Delhi is required. This should include natural, architectural, archaeological as well as cultural heritage.

6. The data for heritage is available in Delhi but in a scattered fashion. There is a need to collate all this information together.

7. MCD Town planning department shall be responsible for the listing of projects for conservation of Heritage areas.

8. Ownership and use of heritage structures has changed --- mosques in Mehrauli are being used for inappropriate uses.



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Implementation & Monitoring of Heritage Management Plans 9. Conservation Management plan was prepared for DDA (1997 -98) but not

implemented. 10. Implementation can be done through Heritage Management Plans and

Conservation Plans 11. Heritage Plan should be implemented through master plan and zonal plan. 12. Monitoring of heritage buildings. 13. There should be a monitoring committee to oversee land in and around heritage

structures - GIS can be used for this. Conservation and Revitalisation 14. The city’s heritage goals should be defined first --- funding should be accepted to

achieve these goals, and not the funding agencies’ goals. 15. Some parts of Delhi, like Shahjahanabad, need to be revitalized. Decision needs

to be taken whether they need to be improved or reconstructed all over again, as has been done in the European countries.

16. Urban Renewal-Revival and revitalization of the city and the quality of life 17. Citywide renewal of heritage has to be decentralized. 18. Large scale redevelopment in unplanned areas to improve city environment 19. Developing park and open spaces in residential, commercial and institutional

areas. 20. The city of Delhi is not at all pedestrian friendly. Pavements are not continuous,

whereas roads are. No shade on streets. 21. Avenue plantation to improve the micro-climate along the road and reducing the

travel time 22. Today, certain areas get flooded as the road level is higher than the colonies

which gives rise to insanitary conditions. Pollution 23. Consider pollution from various sources-due to gensets in residential, commercial

and institutional premises; vehicular pollution; pollution due to the fly ash – 8000 MT/Day

24. Trans boundary Sub Particulate Matter (SPM Level) are problems for the city and resuspension of fly ash (AIIMS and CPCB)

25. Effect of pollution on human health due to Pb, Co, C6H6 and PHC respectively. 26. Burning of rags, solid waste in Khanpur and Vikaspuri (rag picker’s colonies) area

are health hazards for the city’s inhabitants. 27. Heavy metals in soil are a consequence of use of paints-60000 tonnes per year. Revival of Environmental Assets 28. Revival plan for water bodies not undertaken and around 800 water bodies are

already lost. 29. Drains are in danger of being lost. 30. Rain water harvesting should be first undertaken by government and then model

are replicated for private structures. Only 37 lakhs have been spent in 5 years on RWH.

31. Water Channels are near the mounds and heritage structures are near the water channels.

32. City’s natural heritage systems are to be integrated --- Continuity of green spaces and water channel.



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33. Revival of environment assets -Nazafgarh Jeel – 7 km2; Jahangirpuri lake and Horse Shoe Lake, Bhalswa needs restoration.

34. Building up aquifers-depletion of water table. 35. Protection of Delhi Ridge as forest belt near Faridabad border. Storm Water Drainage 1. Remodelling of drains are required 2. Discharge of sewage into storm water drains must be stopped 3. Covering of drains and turning them into roads is not desirable (e.g., Najafgarh

drain and Barapulla drain) 4. Storm water drains are silted up to the extent of no desiltation. Therefore drains

are to be reconstructed Urban Slums and Housing 1. There is no slum policy (for JJ clusters and slums) in place 2. There is no act, or consistent policy for tenure security and relocation sites 3. In situ upgradation of slums does not take place

- rather, only relocation is done 4. It is always claimed that there is no land

available for Slum Relocation in Delhi. This does not seem to be true. In the first Master Plan, 43,000 Hac. of land was allocated for housing, but the DDA had utilized barely 25% of this.

5. Populations are shifted to relocation sites before infrastructure is provided why cannot infrastructure be provided beforehand?

6. The DDA does not provide land for relocation. So settlements should form Cooperative Society for Slum Relocation and rehabilitation

7. In-situ upgradation for Slum / JJ Clusters-Land owning agency has to forego the land cost. In-situ upgradation is the only answer. Land owning agencies should form a mission and give up their lands.

8. Slum department is collecting

money (advances) for slum development, but not using it for slum development

9. JJ Cluster and Slums are to be treated as integral part of the city. Different segments of the population have to co-exist. The planning process has not provided for them.

10. Precedence of legal security Mumbai Model the Act in

Maharashtra gives urban poor the right to housing; provides for in-situ rehabilitation.

11. Recognize Urban Poor’s right to housing 12. 40 sqm per family is the minimum size of plot to be provided for the slum

dwellers. 13. The cutoff date should be of a year back; instead of a decade back



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14. Look into the affordability of EWS housing provided by DDA. One DU costs approx.

1 lakh. 15. Enough provision for EWS housing in the city should be made. 16. Work place relationship is lacking at relocation sites 17. The relocated population are to be provided with free bus passes for a period of

at least 5-10 years 18. Bank loans and support from financial institutions are to be provided to

inhabitants of slums and JJ clusters 19. Minimum norms of physical and social infrastructure are not available at

relocation sites and JJ clusters 20. Land is available for insitu upgradation of slums / JJ clusters --- if land is a

constraint at the existing site, the relocation site should not be more than 1km distant

21. Slum department has rehabilitated 8000 families with investment of 20 crore. 22. Problem of Ragpickers in Delhi 23. Service providers of the city are staying in JJ clusters 24. Slum rehabilitation are short term 25. The rent control act creates artificial scarcity of housing in the city 26. Affordable rental housing for poor --- there should be more of this 27. Creating Housing for the poor 28. Plots, with shared infrastructure (which can be upgraded at a later date) and one

room tenements should be made available for urban poor. Also, multistoried accommodation can be provided next to the work centers.

29. Fresh migrants are to be provided with subsidized housing with only cost of construction

30. Unplanned rehabilitation of the poor leads to theft in urban services 31. Unauthorized colonies lack basic infrastructure 32. Dislodging of the poor for utilization of lands 33. Lack of planning and implementation Institutional Assessment & Governance 1. The lack of effective governance is a critical issue in the city 2. Need for a well- defined authority to manage the city 3. Institutional reform, in order to ensure transparency and responsiveness, is

required. 4. Multiplicity of Authorities 5. Institute a competent design authority to design, build and maintain good public

places.

Annexure – 15.1

Agenda for Workshop

Date : 07.09.2006 Schedule Agenda 1.45 PM to 2.00 PM Registration 2.00 PM to 2.05 PM Welcome address By Mr. Mahesh Babu, CEO,

IL&FS Ecosmart 2.05 PM to 2.15 PM Opening Remarks By Chairperson, Mr. S.

Reghunathan, Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Delhi

2.15 PM to 3.00 PM State of City Presentation By Suneetha Kacker, IL&FS

Ecosmart 3.00 PM to 4.00 PM Open House Discussions Chairperson, Mr. S.

Reghunathan 4.00 PM to 4.15 PM Tea Break 4.15 PM to 5.15 PM Discussion by Sectoral sub-

groups Sectoral Coordinators:

Urban Slum & Poor Suneetha Kacker

Urban Services Rahul Singh/Dr. P.K Jain

City Environment & Heritage

Harleen Kaur/Anuradha /Dr. N.B.Majumdar

Urban Transport Sandeep Kaushik 5.15 PM to 6.00 PM Sectoral Strategy

Presentation (10 minutes for each sector)

By Sector Leaders/Coordinators

6.00 PM to 6.15 PM Strategy for the City By Chairperson, Mr. S.

Reghunathan 6.15 PM to 6.20 PM Conclusion By Dr. S. Mukherjee, IL&FS

Ecosmart

Annexure – 15-2

Agenda for Workshop

Date : 08.09.07 Schedule Agenda 1.45 PM to 2.00 PM Registration 2.00 PM to 2.05 PM Welcome address By Mr. Mahesh Babu, CEO,

IL&FS Ecosmart 2.05 PM to 2.15 PM Opening Remarks By Chairperson, Mr. S.

Reghunathan, Former Chief Secretary, Govt. of Delhi

2.15 PM to 3.00 PM State of City Presentation By Suneetha Kacker, IL&FS

Ecosmart 3.00 PM to 4.00 PM Open House Discussions Chairperson, Mr. S.

Reghunathan 4.00 PM to 4.15 PM Tea Break 4.15 PM to 5.45 PM Discussion by Sectoral

sub-groups Sectoral Coordinators:

Urban Slum & Poor Suneetha Kacker Urban Services Rahul Singh/Dr. P.K Jain City Environment &

Heritage Harleen Kaur/Anuradha /Dr. N.B.Majumdar

Urban Transport Sandeep Kaushik 5.45 PM to 6.00 PM Strategy for the City By Chairperson, Mr. S.

Reghunathan 6.00 PM to 6.10 PM Conclusion By Dr. S. Mukherjee, IL&FS

Ecosmart

Annexure 15.3


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List of individuals invited for CDP Workshop

S. No. Name & Designation

1. Dr. Venugopal Director Central Pollution Control Board

2. Dr. Trivedi Additional Director Central Pollution Control Board

3. The Member Secretary Central Ground Water Board

4. Mr. S. S. Ghonkrokta Delhi Pollution Control Board

5. Dr. Nandita Moitra Delhi Pollution Control Board

6. Dr. M. P. George Delhi Pollution Control Board

7. Mr. Lalit Kapoor Additional Director National River Conservation Directorate Ministry of Environment & Forests

8. Dr. B. Sengupta Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board

9. Mr. Pradeep Khandelwal SE, Planning Department Municipal Corporation of Delhi,

10. Mr. Surinder Pal Eng. Deptt, Municipal Corporation of Delhi,

11. Mr. Anil Prakash Director-in-Chief Municipal Corporation of Delhi

12. Mr. A. K. Jain Commissioner Delhi Development Authority,

Annexure 15.3


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13. Mr. Ashok Kumar Addl. Commissinor Office of Master Plan for Delhi,

14. Mr. Ravider Kumar Kakker CPWD

15. Mr. R. K. Gupta Chief Engineer (Works), Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd

16. Mr. B. K. Sharma Director (Planning), Department of Urban Development, Government of NCT of Delhi

17. Mr. V. V. Bhatt Principle Secretary (Fin / Plg.), Department of Planning, Government of NCT of Delhi

18. Mr. Arun Mathur Chief Executive Officer, Delhi Jal Board

19. Mr. Ashish Kundra Addl. Chief Executive Officer, Delhi Jal Board

20. Mr. R. B. Mohar Chief Engineer (Civil-III), Delhi Jal Board

21. Mr. M. C. Pareva Office of the Chief Engineer, Irrigation & Flood Control Department

22. Mr. Omkar Singh Conservator of Forest & Chief Wildlife Warden, Department of Forest

23. Mr. Prabhat Tyagi Department of Forest

24. Mr. B. B. Uppal Ministry of Unrban Development

25. Mr. R. Jeyaseelan Chairman, Central Water Commission

Annexure 15.3


A-3

26. Mr. B. S. Ahuja

Member (WO&P), Central Water Commission

27. Mr. S. K. Agarwal Member, Central Water Commission

28. Mr. B. B. Saxena Principal Secretary (UD), Department of Urban Development

29. Ms. N. Jayaseelan Secretary (Environment), Government of NCT of Delhi

30. Dr. Rajeev Babu Director General Archeological Survey of India

31. Dr. R. C. Sharma Joint Director General, Archeological Survey of India

32. Lt. Col. S. K. Garg Medical Officer of Health, NDMC

33. Dr. Indrani Chandrasekhran Director, Ministry of Environment & Forests

34. Dr. U. Sridharan Addl. Director Ministry of Environment & Forests

35. Mr. Akash Mahapatra Director Panchayat, GNCTD

36. The Member Secretary National Capital Regional Planning Board

37. Er. S. Jethwani Director Works, Office of Engg. In Chief

38. Er. R. F. Shoran Project Manager, Public Works Department

Annexure 15.3


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39. Mr. V. S. Madan

Secretary-cum-Commissioner (Transport)

40. Mr. Umesh Tyagi Joint Commissioner (Transport)

41. Mr. Brahmanand Director Planning, State Transport Association

42. Mr. B. I. Singal Tech. Advisor, State Transport Association

43. Shri V. B Jhulka Dy. C. G. M. Traffic,

44. Mr. Suman Sharma Chief Manager, DTTDC

45. Mr. S. Sharma S.E.–DTTDC,

46. Mr. R. Raina S.E –II, New Delhi Municipal Corporation

47. Mr. D. Verma DCP Traffic

48. Dr. S. Gangoupadhyay Head Traffic & Transport Division, CRRI

49. Dr. P. K. Sarkar Prof.& Head, Dept. of Transport Planning,

50. Dr. Sanjay Gupta Asst. Professor, Dept. of Transport Planning,

51. Ar. P. R. Mehta Ex- President Council Of Architecture,

52. Shri Anul Dyal CPRO, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation,

Annexure 15.3


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53. Dr. Dinesh Mohan I.I.T Delhi

54. Dr. Geetam Tiwari I.I.T Delhi

55. Mr. Rohit Baluja Institute of Roads & Traffic Education

56. Mr. Sandeep Patil CII

57. Mr. Manmohan Singh SRUTI

58. Mr. Chhabra Secretary, NICWA Narela Industrial Complex Welfare Association

59. Shri Basant Somani President, NICWA Narela Industrial Complex Welfare Association

60. Mr. Dharampal President, IWSSP Industrial Welfare Society

61. Ms. Amita Bhaviskar Institute for Economic Growth

62. Mr. K. T. Ravindaran Dean, School of Planning and Architecture

63. Mr. A. G. K. Menon TVB School of Habitat Studies

64. Mr. Amitabh Kundu Jawaharlal Nehru University, Centre for Study of Regional Development

65. Mr. Parth Shah Director, Centre for Civil Society

66. Mr. Promod Chawla President, URJA (Association of RWA’s)

67. Mr. Farhad Suri Mayor, Municipal Council of Delhi

Annexure 15.3


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68. Ms. Sunita Narayan Centre for Science and Environment

69. Ms. Anumita Roy Centre for Science and Environment

70. Mr. Suresh Babu Centre for Science and Environment

71. Dr. T. S. Panwar TERI

72. The Director WWF

73. Mr. Ajay Mahajan Kalpavriksha (NGO)

74. Mr. Ashok Khosla Development Alternative

75. Dr. Dilip Biswas Chairman, CPCB (Retd)

76. Mr. Ravi Aggarwal Srishti / Toxic Links,

77. Mr. Uma Bharadwaj ACCORD (NGO)

78. Mr. Depinder S Kapoor Water Aid

79. Mr. EFN Riberio Gulmohar Enclave

80. Mr. O. P. Jain INTACH

81. Mr. Arun Gupta INTACH

82. Cris Heymans World Bank

83. Subhagato Dasgupta World Bank

84. Dr. Satpal Singh NIUA

Annexure 15.3


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85. Mr. R. M. Pillai

Commissioner, Slum Department

86. Mr. S. K. Das (Prominent Architect & Planner)

87. Mr. Kapil Narula TERI,

88. Col. Rakesh Jauhari TERI,

89. Mr. Manu Bhatnagar INTACH

90. Mr. Dunu Roy Hazard’s Center (NGO), Munirka

91. Mr. Ramendra Sanjha Manch (NGO)

92. Mr. V. K. Jain TAPAS (NGO)

93. Ms. Bharti Chaturvedi Chintan (NGO)

94. The President Residential Welfare Society, Nizamuddin

95. The President Residential Welfare Society, Defence Colony

96. The President Residential Welfare Society, Tuglakabad

97. The President Residential Welfare Society, Old Rajendra Nagar

98. Prof. H. B. Singh President, RWA, Kaushambi

99. Mr. Ashok Lal Prominent Architect,Civil Lines

100. Mr. Roshan Seth

Annexure 15.3


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Geetanjali Enclave

101. Mr. Sanjay Kaul & Mr. Pankaj Gupta People’s Action

102. Mr. Ravi Das Engineer-in-Chief Municipal Corporation of Delhi,

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 16 : SWOT Analysis

Chapter – 16 City SWOT Assessment


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CHAPTER - 16 CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT

16.1 INTRODUCTION

Assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a city forms a basis for the preparation of a relevant city development plan. A city level SWOT analysis has been done in this chapter based on an assessment of the status of various sectors of the city.

The chapter has been divided into four sections each describing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats respectively.

16.2 STRENGTHS

Delhi is a National Capital and the seat of administrative power; it is the center of economic and political activities. The city has several strengths. These have been outlined in Table 16.1.

Table 16.1: DELHI CITY-STRENGTHS

SECTORS STRENGTHS Location & Regional Linkages: Delhi is located strategically and connected with various economic nodes of the country. Due to its strategic importance, the city’s influence extends throughout India and as a National Capital throughout the world. • Seat of all political and administrative power of Country.

• Highest level of urbanisation in the Country. The level of urbanization is 95 per cent.

• It is easily accessible from other Mega Cities of the Country and other areas of Northern and Western India through Rail, Road and Air Transport. With Coming up of NHDP project, cities connectivity from Western and Eastern Gateways of the country has increased.

• Delhi acts as nodal point for collection and distribution of passenger and cargo traffic in Northern India.

City Economy: The city’s economy is enjoying a period of high growth

• GSDP is growing at a high growth rate of around 15% (CAGR at current prices-2002-03), with the service/tertiary sector contributing more than 76 per cent towards the economy of the state;

• High per capita income at Rs 47477 (current prices, 2002-03)

• High spending capacity / tendency

Trade and Commerce: There are 8 major types of wholesale and specialized markets of regional importance. Fruit & Vegetable Market, Azadpur and Fish & Meat Market, Gazipur are some of the major distributions centers for commodities in the Northern and North west region of the country.



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SECTORS STRENGTHS • Walled City and its extensions have 5-6 specialized

market of regional and city level importance. These specialized markets are Wholesale grain Market; Bicycle & accessories, cloth market, General merchandise & hosiery, iron steel & junk and building materials.

• The city is well connected to regional supply chains • The city is gaining in importance as a centre of retail

trade Tourism • World famous tourist destination

• Attracts both domestic as well as international tourists. • Connectivity to the tourist destination in the northern

region such as Jaipur, Ajmer, Agra, Varanasi et.al

Heritage • It is famous for its heritage and culture, both built and unbuilt

• Walled City of Delhi has 1000 heritage structure and 25 historical monuments.

State Reforms: State Government is undertaking various institutional and legislative reforms. • Pro active government;

• Presence of a number of development bodies and NGOs; • State on a reform path with initiatives such as

Bhagidari. 16.3 WEAKNESSES

The major areas of weaknesses for the city include infrastructure; weak urban growth management; lack of environmental management; slums, and overlapping institutional jurisdiction. The details of these have been elaborated in Table 16.2. These weaknesses need to be worked on for the city. Table 16.2: DELHI CITY-WEAKNESSES

SECTORS WEAKNESSES Infrastructure: Weaknesses of the water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage and road & Transport systems are discussed below. • Lack of solid waste management facilities (for treatment

and disposal) in the city leading to indiscriminate dumping of garbage and land pollution.

• Existing dumping sites are saturated and no new ones have been developed

• Lack of drainage and sewerage network especially in the newly developed areas.

• The surface drains are used for carriage of 25-30% sewerage, leading to environment hazards

• Lack of infrastructure facilities like water supply, sewerage, road and drainage in the unauthorized colonies; urban villages and colonies developed by private developers.

• Pressure on roads in walled city and extension due to encroachment, excessive commercialization and vehicular



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SECTORS WEAKNESSES movement.

• Lack of parking space in the city. • Lack of proper public transport system leading to skewed

traffic composition on the road network of the city. • Lack of tourism infrastructure facilities • Inadequate public conveniences. • Disposal of untreated industrial waste in Yamuna River.

Urban Growth and Land Management • Haphazard growth of the city due to uncontrolled

migration, poor housing and poor provision of infrastructure. The areas which have grown haphazardly are urban villages; resettlement colonies and unauthorized colonies

• High population density within the walled city & Extension and East Delhi planning Division. Moreover low density development in RK Puram; Motibagh; Vinay Nagar..etc

• Rate of Unauthorized developments and illegal land subdivisions are increasing in urban pheriphery and village settlements.

• Lack of parks and open spaces. • Violation of rules, byelaws by the public and residents of

walled city- leading to the loss of heritage in the walled city.

• Overcrowding of businesses and people in the walled city. • High rate of population growth and urbanization, leading to

slum formation, strain on infrastructure facilities and deterioration of the living environment.

Conservation • Lack of integration of heritage concerns with planning

process • Lack of proper database management in each sector

especially in the Heritage and Infrastructure development. • Absence of clear-cut guidelines and responsibilities of

various organizations. • Lack of awareness among in the city people towards

heritage conservation. • Ineffective maintenance of heritage sites like Red Fort,

Qutab Minar… etc as well as buildings in the walled city and Extension areas.

Urban Environment • Degradation of River Yamuna

• Loss of traditional water systems. • Extreme Depletion of ground water. • Degraded air quality. • Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of

the city. • Contamination of piped water with sewerage.



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SECTORS WEAKNESSES Slums and JJ Clusters

• increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters • Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the

urban poor (lack of inclusion of urban poor in city development process)

• Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and resettlement colonies and relocation sites;

Institutional coordination

• Lack of coordination between central and state government • Lack of coordination among various departments like MCD,

DDA, PWD, DJB, DUAC etc. • Non implementation of 74th CAA in spirit-MCD does not

have financial/taxation powers, budget to be approved from Department of Local Self Government.

• DDA entrusts functions to MCD against the spirit of 74th CAA.

• Overlapping jurisdictions between DDA, MCD and NDMC;DDA exercise control over major parts of MCD Area.

• Overlapping of functions between line departments. 16.4 OPPORTUNITIES

The city has several aspects that are potential opportunities for the city. The main opportunities are in the areas of economic growth, proposed projects, state initiated reforms and heritage. These have been detailed out in Table 16.3. Table 16.3: DELHI CITY-OPPORTUNITIES

SECTORS OPPORTUNITIES Economic competitiveness

• With the presence of good connectivity, it can develop as nodal centre linked with other economically vibrant cities.

• The city has a highly entrepreneurial population • High literacy rates • High growth areas such as NOIDA and Gurgaon are

located in the vicinity • It can attract many tourists because of its rich heritage

and culture. • Due to good connectivity, the National Capital city has

the potential to attract private developers and FDI in the housing and infrastructure sectors.

• Can emerge as an “events capital” particularly after the commonwealth games 2010

Proposed Projects

• Commonwealth games-2010 is likely catalyze investment to the tune of Rs 2000 Crore on development of civic infrastructure in the city.

• With the anticipated growth rate of around 8% for GDP of India during this FY and an increase in the limit of FII and FDI, Delhi can expect more investments provided the city sells itself well in comparison to other cities

• Development of Metro Rail and its extension to other DMA towns will resolve the problem of transportation



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SECTORS OPPORTUNITIES system of the city

State urban reforms

• City is initiating reforms in urban governance through implementation of various governance models such Bhagidari Scheme; E-governance; Repeal of ULCR, PPP models for project implementation etc.

• Institutional Reforms proposed for MCD by splitting it into several Municipal Corporations

• The Government is currently focusing on urban slums and improvement of basic services in JJ clusters

Urban Heritage

• Rich heritage can attract the tourists. • The local crafts from across the nation can be show-

cased for attracting business and shoppers during events such as Trade Fair and other events organized in city.

16.5 THREATS

The threats are primarily the existing weakness, which if not addressed adequately might pose threats for development of the city in the future. These are detailed out in Table 16.4.

Table 16.4: DELHI CITY-THREATS

SECTORS THREATS Economic • Wholesale trade is concentrated in core walled city area,

which attracts workers and traders to the central location-leading to deterioration of the city environment

• Lack of adequate infrastructure to capitalize on economic opportunities (roads, freight handling facilities … etc)

Infrastructure • High population growth can lead to further pressure on the infrastructure sector in the future. Augmentation of trunk services is crucial.

• Lack of sewerage system, solid waste management, poor distribution of water can lead to health problems and unhygienic conditions in the city.

• Poor infrastructure in new colonies especially in the urban extensions and urban villages are a threat to quality of life.

• Infrastructure provision in the slums is inadequate resulting in very poor living conditions.

Institutional and fiscal reforms

• Capacity building of all the government organizations if inadequate would result in non implementation of several reforms.

• Fiscal reforms are a key for carrying out projects and provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner.

• Urban Development is the responsibility of Central government and MCD is under both Central and State Government. These overlapping roles of state and central government have led to a non functional executive system of the city.



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SECTORS THREATS Conservation • Lack of repair and maintenance of heritage buildings can

lead to rapid deterioration of built fabric in the walled city.

• Continued negligence of heritage areas can also lead to loss in tourism revenues

• Walled city and Extension faces threat in the event of disasters both natural as well as man-made.

16.6 CONSOLIDATED ISSUES

SECTOR ISSUES City Economic Profile

• The comparatively large influx of low quality manpower from neighboring states could skew the skill level available.

• The lack of focus on major value-add sectors like Software, BPO, Communications and Biotechnology is likely to lead to a situation where the Value-Add per employee/enterprise would be affected adversely.

• The highly skewed gender ratio in the employment sector, with 15% females in the workforce.

City Environment Profile

• Ground Water: The abstraction of ground water is more than the estimated availability of ground water. CGWB estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes.

• River Yamuna: The river Yamuna stretches for 22 kms along Delhi, but after Rs 55 - 75 Crores spent per kilometer on cleaning it up, the river is more spent than ever.

• Forest Cover: The Ridge area of Delhi has degraded tremendously due to by roads, buildings, traffic, garbage dumping, lopping of trees and grazing by livestock. Mining and quarrying activities in the past have degraded the South-Central Ridge causing enormous loss to biodiversity.

• Air Environment: The alarming levels of SPM which are way beyond the permissible levels are a serious area of concern. Even the RPM levels were exceeding the permissible limits.

• Environmental Health: High occurrence of respiratory infections, heart problems, sickness from water and vector-born diseases and other diseases because of exposure to ambient and indoor pollutants and inappropriate disposal practices of municipal solid waste have become the way of life in the city.

• Green House Gases: Delhi is releasing around 16 million tones of CO2 emissions, mainly contributed by vehicles, power and residential sectors. This quantity if unabated could be a major threat to stabilizing Climate Change.

Land Management & Urban Growth

• Increasing gap between demand and supply of housing and infrastructure

• Encroachments on agriculture land and urban villages



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SECTOR ISSUES • Exploitation of land for unauthorized development

• Non-conforming land uses-industrial & commercial • Lack of linkage of Physical Planning Strategy with

Financial Planning • Over crowding, haphazard development without basic

services Urban Poor and Slum

• Diminishing legal security of tenure • Lack of access to suitable mechanisms of finance • Low rate of in-situ up gradation of existing JJ clusters • Poor access to public goods and services at JJ clusters

and relocation sites • Variable plots sizes at relocation sites. • Lack of suitability of relocation sites

Conservation & Heritage Management

• Piecemeal, uncoordinated approach to the heritage and conservation in Delhi.

• Limited positive and meaningful co-operation between the agencies involved.

• No overall planning and direction in the sector. • Monuments are in dilapidated stage and being altered

heavily (losing their historical value) • Number of heritage buildings occupied by State and

Central Government Departments. • No Incentives and technical support given to owners of

heritage building for they’re up keep and maintenance. • Difficult to apply laws and regulations and at the same

time lack of rules/ guidelines for restoration of civil heritage, construction on and demolition of heritage structure.

• Lack of political commitment and public awareness on heritage value.

• Lack of Public facilities in and around the monuments and area.

• Poor Solid Waste Management in old city. Water Supply

• Poor management of supply, leading to high rate of water loss (40%), intermittent supply & wastage

• Augmentation of water sources required • No equitability in water supply, need for rationalization

of water supply. • High operation and maintenance cost and highly

subsidized water supply. • Revenue losses due to less coverage / jurisdiction area

(45%). • No centralized database and information management

system in place. City Sewerage System

• 530 MGD of untreated sewage is polluting the river Yamuna.

• Overflow from sewers into storm water drains (SWDs) indicating urgent there is urgent need to segregate the sewage flow from entering into SWDs.

• Trunk sewers are considerably silted, requiring to be desilted & repaired to restore their capacity in a time



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SECTOR ISSUES bound manner.

• STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations are several years old-leading to reduced efficiency.

• conveyance system needs to be checked for full capacity utilization of CETPs.

Storm Water Drainage

• Carries considerable quantities of raw and untreated effluents

• Need for diversion of all waste water (both domestic and industrial) from surface drains.

• Lack of integration in designing, planning and construction of roads and drains

• Streamlining of agencies responsible for drainage throughout city

Review of Road Network and Transport System

• High growth rate of vehicles and heavy vehicular volumes on road causing congestion, delay, safety, pollution

• Ineffective utilization of road space- on street parking, encroachments, lack of pedestrian facilities

• Inadequate and inefficient public transport system – requirement of integrated multi-modal transport system for Delhi

• Lack priority and safety of pedestrians on road • Inadequate parking at major commercial areas and work

centers • Lack of coordination in implementing agencies • Intermixing of local and regional passenger and goods

traffic Institutional Arrangement

• Lack of clear demarcation of responsibilities and effective reporting mechanisms between the three tiers of government-local, state and centre

• MCD & NDMC both report to the central government and not state government

• MCD has been trying hard to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violate the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act.

• Overruling of the Delhi High Court decisions by the NCT of Delhi and Ministry of Urban Development.

• There is a lack of clarity over the departmental responsibilities for land use planning, development, maintenance and enforcement.

• Delhi Development Authority (DDA) does not coordinate with the State Government on physical development.

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 17 : Vision, Gap Analysis & Development Strategy

Chapter – 17 Vision, Gap Analysis & Development Strategies


17-1

CHAPTER - 17 VISION, GAP ANALYSIS & DEVELOPMENT

STRATEGIES 17.1 INTRODUCTION

Evolving a vision for the city has been an iterative process, involving several interactions with individuals, as well as focus groups. During the deliberations, perspectives on, and aspirations for the city were put forward, in response to the perceived inherent potential of the city, vis-à-vis it’s current state of development. It is now widely acknowledged that vibrant urban areas are the drivers of a nation’s growth. In India, cities, which house only 30% of the population, contribute over 60% of GDP. In order to thrive, however, it has been observed that cities need to be strong on two fronts: economic growth and quality of life. As noted in the city assessment, Delhi performs exceedingly well on the first front, but falls far short on the second. This has also been confirmed by the recently released Delhi State Development Report, which concludes that while the city is a great place to earn a living, it a terrible place to live in. / it offers a substandard quality of life. Delhi ranked a poor 157th in the Mercer survey ranking the livability of cities in 2005. Economic growth and quality of life are inextricably linked, and can mutually reinforce each other leading to / in a virtuous cycle or degrade each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. It is thus critical that Delhi utilizes the advantage of its current buoyant economic growth to effect improvements in the quality of life of its inhabitants. It is anticipated that these measures will impact the city’s economic performance directly, as well as indirectly. Alongside this, the city needs to capitalize on it’s strengths in order to attract talent, nurture entrepreneurship, and boost the performance of specific economic sectors within its boundaries. These measures will put in place a competitive advantage / edge for the city, to ensure that that Delhi acts as a magnet for the best, and sustains its high growth rate well into the future.

17.2 VISION STATEMENT

During the stakeholder workshops, and on-site consultations undertaken across the city as part of the CDP, the following concerns emerged as uppermost amongst all stakeholders1: • Access to basic infrastructure -- safe drinking water, sanitation, drainage,

power, health care and education • Establishing an image for the city, to guide initiatives at urban renewal; and

undertaking these with the aim of recreating the city • Safeguarding the city’s depleting environmental resources – ground water,

the River, the ridge

1 Stakeholders consulted included government representatives, political representatives, academic representatives, NGO’s, RWA’s, and prominent citizens

Chapter – 17 Vision, Gap Analysis & Strategies Development


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• Assuring safety and security to all segments of the population • Making provisions for the lower income groups, who are perceived as not

having been provided. • Safe, reliable and affordable transport infrastructure, providing effective

connectivity across the city • Most critically, providing a reliable, accountable / transparent, and

responsive system of governance for the management of city infrastructure, and the conduct of urban activities / its business.

The urgent need for systems and procedures of decision making and management that could respond to the needs of the city’s inhabitants as against other interests was echoed across all groups of stakeholders. On the basis of the above, Delhi’s Vision is defined as follows: To become a highly livable city that offers a superior quality of life through a robust, employment generating economy; that is safe and inclusive, environmentally and socially sustainable; and is based on reliable infrastructure and offers a transparent, responsive system of governance dedicated to the city’s felt needs. Strategies across sectors to achieve the above vision are elaborated further below.

17.3 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The overall strategy for economic development is based on certain key observations made during the city assessment, as well as a consideration of international practices in comparable situations. Delhi, like all major metros worldwide is driven by a fast growing migrant population. Historically, migrations have fueled major economic shifts not only in countries, but more critically, in key cities. Some of the notable examples have been the growth of cities like London in UK; New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles in USA; and Shanghai in China. Similar trends are noticed in the sub continent also, including in Mumbai and Bangalore. Delhi, in particular, due to its location has been the scene of major conflicts and attendant migration through its turbulent history. This has ingrained a high level of entrepreneurship, innovation and tolerance into its character, which are also its basic strengths. The present state of the city, as defined in the previous chapter, shows a fast growing service sector that provides a major share to the GSDP (76%). It also shows a high growth in population (45% over the last 10 years), fuelled by immigration, a majority of whom are involved with the unorganized service and manufacturing sectors. Surveys indicate that up to 60 % of the fresh migrants to the city are absorbed into these sectors. Other key characteristics of it’s economic profile include • The tertiary sector, accounting for 76% of the GSDP of Delhi, is also the

fastest growing. Within the tertiary sector, real estate and business services showed 17 % CAGR between 1994 – 2004.



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• Trade, along with Hotels & Restaurants account for over 43.5% of the total

enterprises in Delhi and contribute to nearly 20% of its GSDP. • As per the the 55th round of the NSS, about 45 % of the employment

generated in the city is accounted for by the informal, or unorganized sector.

• The Annual Survey of Industries (2003-2004), revealed that as many as 18 %

of the factories in the city were engaged in manufacturing of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur. This activity has a large representation in the unorganized industrial sector as well.

A comparison with other major metros like London, New York and Shanghai shows that Delhi is fairly well placed to emerge as a leading city, at least from an economic view point, as it has all the major ingredients in place: • High growth in revenues driven by a strong and fast growing services sector,

high collection of revenues and high per capita income. • Located as the gateway for the north, it is the regional hub for movement

of goods and traffic. It is also the major port of entry for the north and is a tourism gateway.

• Intrinsic demographic advantage with a high level of literacy and migrant

population that provide it with dynamism that has come to characterize the city.

The city needs to make the best use of its resources, which is essentially the high level of entrepreneurial ability of its people. In order to unleash the true potential, the govt. needs to encourage and nurture these abilities through forward looking policies and interventions. The following strategies are recommended for sustaining the growth of the city well into the future: • Encourage high value-add services:

Delhi has the potential to become a major hub for a number of high value-add services through leveraging its locational strengths. Due to the presence of a large and fast growing base of IT-BPO service sector in its hinterland (NCR) the city is strategically positioned to provide a high quality professional manpower to these industries. With the major road corridors like the North-South, East-West and Golden Quadrilateral passing through the State, the city could also metamorphose itself into a major inland container port and logistic hub. The city has a historical advantage in this respect, being the hub for redistribution of wholesale produce in the northern region of the country. Another area that has a huge potential for generating high value addition is the fashion industry as it has the largest concentration of design houses in this sector in the country. Moreover, it has a geographic advantage in having a rich craft’s tradition in the textile sector within easy reach in regional cities such as Lucknow, Jaipur, Aligarh…etc to add value to high end products. Coupled with other life style products, this could become a major growth sector in the years to come. Also, with its rich cultural



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heritage, and a major port of entry, the city could be a major tourist destination.

• Organizing Low End Services:

The city has a very vibrant unorganized sector that provides it with a plethora of low end services. It is recommended that this sector be provided with a range of incentives to enable it to grow and gainfully employ the large number of people who migrate from the neighboring States in search of work to the city. One of the key incentives would be to provide this sector with simplified processes for micro-credit accessibility. In its absence these enterprises often turn to the money lenders or stagnate. This also needs to be properly propagated for effective utilization.

A key enabler for this sector is provision of adequate and reliable public infrastructure. The major areas requiring intervention and development include affordable housing, appropriate transport links and education facilities for the slums and JJ unit dwellers, which supply the majority of the work force for the unorganized sector.

• Enhancing Quality:

Measures need to be initiated for capacity building in the unorganized sector for enhancing quality of products and services, positively affecting value addition and returns. Based on the key strategies defined above for the city development and the analysis of the present state of the city, an action plan for Delhi has been defined in the subsequent paragraphs.

17.4 KEY SECTORS

The key areas that have potential for driving the economic growth of the city are: 1. IT & ITES Sector 2. Life Style Sector 3. Logistics Sector 4. Heritage & Tourism Sector 5. Education Sector

In addition to the above, it is anticipated that the large investments flowing into the construction and infrastructure development sectors due to the Commonwealth Games 2010, and projects flowing from the JNNURM process will also enhance the economy of the city substantially.

17.4.1 The IT & ITES Sector

The IT & ITES sector in India has been moving up the value chain, world-wide, in the Software and BPO services, with consequent growth in its value-addition and quantum. As per NASSCOM data, the turnover of the IT & ITES sector for the year 2005-06 was US$ 23.4 Billion, with an annual growth rate of 32%. It presently employs nearly 1.3 million people directly and has created an additional 2 million jobs indirectly.



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The NCR is one of the major hubs for this sector along with Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Mumbai-Pune. The city, with its large population of well educated work force, is ideally positioned to attain the pre-eminent position for providing workers for this fast growth sector. However, there is need for undertaking major capacity building exercise in consonance with the requirements of this sector. Development of a framework for boosting the KPO sector needs to be undertaken, including exploring the possibility of setting up SEZ for the purpose. The KPO sector is at a nascent stage in the country and Delhi could emerge as one of the key destinations for this due its ready availability of high quality professionals. This could particularly be in the areas of Medicine, Law, Biotechnology, Education & Training, Engineering, Paralegal Content and even Intelligence services.

17.4.2 The Life Style Sector

The high per capita income of the City, coupled with the concentration of industries in its hinterland (Faridabad, NOIDA, Gurgaon, etc.) and the inherent spending habits of the populace has placed the city in a pre-eminent position in the fashion industry. It currently hosts a majority of the top-end designers in the country. This industry along with the personal care and home care industry show a huge potential for growth, fueled by the growth of income in the NCR. As these industries are largely dependent on the services/skills of the unorganized sector, the growth in the above sectors would translate into huge economic spin-offs for the unorganized sector. It is necessary to explore the availability of land at suitable locations that could cater to the clientele in both the city and its hinterland. One such area, capitalizing on the existing location of many of these shops (albeit low-end), is the Mehrauli-Gurgaon Road. It is proposed to develop it as the “Life Style Mile”. The private sector could be invited to undertake the development of this on suitable terms. The backward linkages with the location and skills of the workforce needs to be explored and adequate infrastructural services need to be planned and provided for in a time-bound fashion for ensuring sustainable development in this sector.

17.4.3 The Logistics Sector

As discussed in a previous paragraph, the location of Delhi and its history as a trading center have placed it at a pre-eminent position in the northern part of India. It also is major transportation junction – road, rail and air. With the three major road corridors – North-South, East-West and Golden Quadrilateral – passing through the State, the city would be even better positioned as a hub for transportation and logistics in the region. The city already boasts of some of the largest mandis for vegetable, fruits, etc. The hinterland is also one of the major providers of fresh produce, apparel, leather, as well as engineering goods. The city needs to provide high quality infrastructure to complement its position as the logistics hub for the north. This could include creating multiple inland container ports at suitable locations,



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along with upgrading its storage capacities like cold storage facilities (critical to fresh produce) and mechanized loading, unloading and handling facilities. Integrated goods storage and transportation systems --- which would extend from the points of entry to the airport / freight terminals --- need to be explored and suitable strategies and policies need to be implemented by the GNCTD.

17.4.4 Heritage & Tourism Sector

Delhi, considered as a historic city of potential World Heritage significance due to the unparalleled richness and diversity of its natural and cultural heritage, is also one of the most prominent tourist destinations in North India, and is perceived as the ‘Gateway to North India’. Due to its location as an important node of both the Agra-Jaipur and Varanasi-Khajuraho circuits, Delhi received over 3 million domestic and international tourists in 2001-02. However, in comparison with other capital cities such as London, Rome and Paris, (comparable with Delhi in terms of historic significance and concentration of heritage resources), the potential for heritage tourism in Delhi is underutilized. BTA statistics and independent heritage economics studies indicate that London attracted almost 9 million visitors in early 2006, with monthly revenues of 3.9 billion pounds. Similarly, Paris, in 1996, attracted 12.129 million domestic and international tourists, motivated mainly by cultural reasons, generating 12.75 billion francs, and 43,000 jobs were created in that year alone. Delhi’s rich, multi-layered heritage needs to be considered as an economic resource or ‘heritage capital’, capable of enriching the quality of life of Delhi’s inhabitants & stimulating development through growth of heritage tourism. Innovative management strategies for the heritage assets of Delhi are required to ensure creation of employment opportunities linked to cultural tourism and provision of facilities for mid-range tourists in heritage areas. These strategies could include: • Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings as affordable and safe accommodation

for mid and low range tourists, within significant historic areas, • Development of attractive thematic tourist circuits linking the various

historic sites throughout the city, supported by a dedicated tourist transportation network of battery buses and other modes of transport.

Other facilities required are related to provision of well researched site signage, interpretive materials, publications and guides as well as for nurturing and development of crafts industries of the Old City. As any growth in heritage tourism is dependent on conservation of the heritage resources, appropriate strategies for heritage management, area level conservation, and adaptive reuse of historic buildings, infrastructure provision and up gradation are essential. A combination of strategies for economic & physical regeneration of heritage assets such as the Walled City of Shahjehanabad, historic urban villages and numerous heritage precincts are required which would ensure the continued relevance of the heritage in contemporary life as well as enhanced employment, educational & recreational opportunities.



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17.4.5 Education Sector

Delhi is a Mecca for education with students from all over the country and overseas making it a preferred destination for higher studies. With over 187,000 students on the rolls of its nearly 150 institutions of higher education, it churns out a large number of skilled and semi-skilled students every year. These provide the base for the growth of the industries in the city and its hinterland. However, with only 15 technical and 18 medical colleges the effective output of highly skilled workforce is only a fraction of the requirements. The city and its hinterland (NCR) are poised to be one of largest conglomeration of professional services in the World, due to the globalization of services and the explosive growth potential it entails. This, along with the aspirations of its fast growing population, necessitates urgent expansion of the educational infrastructure in the city. The Govt. needs to allocate adequate land for undertaking a major expansion in the educational infrastructure at all levels so as to meet the above growth requirements. These projects could be undertaken by the GNCTD or by inviting the private sector to participate in the process. Common facilities of a high standard for research and development (laboratories, libraries etc) require to be put in place. Innovative systems, such as an independent accreditation system for universities in the city could be explored

17.5 STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 17.5.1 Strategy for Water Supply

The following table presents an estimation of the gaps in water supply infrastructure:

Table 17.1 : Gaps in water supply infrastructure

S. No Infrastructure Year Available Required

Proposed Augmentation (already planned by DJB)

Shortfall

1. Treated Water (MGD) 2006 715 MGD

(installed cap.= 790) 990 MGD (140 MGD Sonia Vihar WTP included )

275 MGD

2011

940 MGD on completion of augmentation works (indicated by DJB)

1140 MGD

20+40 new WTPs + 45 MGD by recycling of process water at the existing WTPs+ Tube wells etc

200 MGD

2021 940 MGD 1380 MGD

Construction & augmentation in WTP capacity depends on the construction of New Dams

440 MGD

2. Water Storage Capacity (MG) 2006 175 MG 277

MG* 100 MG approx

2011 329 MG 329 MG **

Augmentation proposed to achieve 35% storage

Nil - Subject to



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capacity achievement of targetted augmentation

2021 329 MG 483 MG Augmentation proposed to achieve 35% storage capacity

Nil - Subject to achievement of targetted augmentation

3. Distribution Network (kms) 2006 10, 000 kms 11,616

kms*** 1,616 kms

2011 11,250 kms 12,396 kms©

250 kms of bulk mains and some 1000 kms of distribution mains .

1,146 kms

2021 11,250 kms

13,800 kms© 2,550 kms

(*) Based on 35% of installed WTP capacity (**) 399 MG (for 1140 MGD ) (***) Urban Area of Delhi in 2006 is approx. 774 sq. Kms. Distribution network estimated @ 15 R. Kms (bulk and branch) per Sq. Kms of urban area (©)Water mains in unauthorised colonies to be laid on payment of development charges subject to technical feasibility

The key issue in water supply in Delhi currently is the inordinately high level of “Unaccounted for Water”. While the per capita availability of water is sufficient to meet the requirements of the present day population, its management and distribution are such that up to 42 % of the water produced goes unaccounted for as much as 40% due to losses in transmission and distribution. Moreover, distribution is skewed, both within and between zones - from a bare minimum of 29 LPCD to a maximum of over 500 LPCD. To improve the satisfaction level of consumers it is thus necessary / critical to take effective and urgent steps for reduction of losses in a time bound manner, and enhance the management of water supply. A series of projects have been proposed to this effect, including revamping and up-gradation of the internal water distribution network; a comprehensive leak detection study; and construction of UGR’s and BPS’s in different parts of the city in order to equalize distribution. For the DJB to know correctly the quantity of water produced, and distributed, and isolate areas of loss, metering at the WTP for incoming and outgoing supplies, and supplies to various UGRs is a necessity, and has been proposed. It is anticipated that the proposed GIS mapping of the water supply network will improve management efficiencies considerably. While the city is currently well placed with respect to sources of supply, it will become necessary to augment these in the medium to long term. For this purpose, 20 high yield tube wells in the floodplains of river at Palla are proposed to be constructed, and the up gradation of Chandrawal Water Works and Construction of 8 MGD recycling plant at Chandrawal Water Works is proposed to be taken up. Supporting projects, such as new WTP’s are also proposed. In addition, it is proposed to embark on the construction of storage



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facilities in the upper reaches of river Yamuna so that the allocated water as per MOU between the basin states is uniformly available throughout the year2. This will address long term requirements. The water supply network needs to be extended to currently uncovered areas. Also, in order that pricing of water supplied may reflect the costs of treatment, storage and distribution, rates will have to be revised. However, prior to this, both supply, as well as response to customer problems has to be improved. Revamping of the Customer Care Services, in order to enable greater customer access to the service provider has been proposed. Moreover, it is anticipated that bulk metering as proposed above, coupled with improvements in energy consumption and effective metering at the consumer’s end will facilitate proper revenue audits and promote a healthy financial status of the DJB. Projects proposed under the water sector can thus be categorized under three strategies: • to address water losses in transmission and distribution; and enhance

overall management of distribution • Augmentation of water supply from 790 to 919 MGD • Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost

recovery mechanisms.

Table 17.2: Delhi Master Plan – 2021 (MPD-2021) estimates of water requirements

Norm Quantum (in gpcd)

Quantum (in gpcd)

Source for Non – Potable water

Potable Non - Potable

Domestic (@50 gpcd)

30 20 Recycling and permissible GW extraction at community level

Non Domestic (@Non Domestic 30 gpcd

5 25

Irrigation,horticulture recreational,Construction, Fire ( @ 6.75 lpcd )

10 Recycling from STPs and permissible GW extraction

Public-semi public, Industrial,Commercial

5 15 Recycling from CETPs

Total ( @ 80 gpcd )

35 45

The Plan has split the water requirement in two parts: potable and non- potable as 35 & 45 GPCD respectively, with the proviso that

2 Presently 580 MCM water is allocated during July - Oct out of a total annual allocation of 724 MCM.



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“In the existing areas till the arrangement of non potable water is made, potable water shall be supplied. For urban extensions and areas under development schemes, these norms are recommended with necessary provisions.”

This entails laying a dual water supply system. If this is to be undertaken, it may require laying of around 15,000 kms of network requiring very high financial outlay. DJB is considering to have dual pipe system in a few new colonies as well as planned colonies and has provided a sum of Rs 30 crores in the draft 11th Five Year Plan. This has not been repeated for in the CDP. No further mention, in terms of strategies or projects to bridge the gap in availability and requirement, is made in the Plan document.

17.5.2 Strategy for Sewerage

Table 17.3 Estimated gaps in sewerage infrastructure

S. NoInfrastructure Year Available Required Proposed Augmentation (already plannedby DJB)

Shortfall

1. Sewage TreatmentCapacity (MGD)

2006 512.4 MGD 800 MGD 287.6 MGD

2011 701.4 MGD (512.4 + 189MGD ) on completionof augmentation works.

912 MGDEstimated at 80%of waterrequirement in2011(*)

189 MGD ( As per DJB 11th five year plan,2007 - 2012.

210.6 MGD (940- 701.4 ) (**)

2021 701.4 MGD 1104 MGD Estimated at 80%of waterrequirement in2021

Capacity to beraised commensurate with augmentationin water supply

402.6 MGD

2. Conveyance Network (kms)

2006 6831.54 kms (Internal sewers& Trunk sewers

7016 kms 185 kmsapprox

2011 6831.54 R. Kms 8264 R. Km (***) 1432.46 kmsapprox.

2021 6831.54 + 250+600 = 7681.54R. Kms

9200 R. Kms. Further augmentation insewer networkdepends uponchanges in policyfor laying sewersin unauthorisedcolonies ©

1518.46 kmsapprox.

* While the availability of treated water supplied by DJB will be less than this, it is assumed that use of ground water by individuals will be resorted to, to meet shortage in water supply



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** A sum of Rs 700 crores is proposed in the CDP for augmentation in STP capacity. This is sufficient to construct 350 MGD cap. of STPs *** Urban area of Delhi in 1999 was 701.6 sq. Kms. It is proposed to be 920 sq. Kms in 2021, a total increase of 218.4 Sq. Kms over 21 years, or an annual increase of 10.4 Sq. Kms. In 2011, the urban area will be approx. 826.4 sq. Kms. Sewerage requrement (trunk as well as branch) has been estimated @ 10 R. Km / sq. Km © As and when work will be taken, it will be against depositing of development charges by the beneficiaries.

Currently, 512.6 MGD capacity of sewage treatment is available in the STPs existing at 17 locations. However the cumulative inflow at the STPs is only 346 MGD3, due to short-comings in the conveyance network. City sewage is often discharged into storm water drains, since sewers – even where available - are heavily silted. This balance sewage is discharged in to the river and is a cause of pollution of River Yamuna. It is thus critical to rehabilitate the conveyance network trunk and other sewers in order to ensure optimal utilization of the installed treatment facilities. Rehabilitation of trunk sewers in walled city area, north & west districts has been proposed, as well as the refurbishment of SPS’s and revamping and up-gradation of internal sewers. In addition, about 60 per cent of the population in the outer areas, urban villages and unauthorized areas are not covered by the sewerage network. The sewage from these areas and inner city areas also finds its way into the River. Provision of sewer network in currently inhabited, but un-sewered, areas is thus the second priority. This is not only necessary for the health of Delhi-ites but also of people residing in downstream reaches of the river, like Faridabad, Mathura, Agra etc. Increased coverage of the conveyance system will call for the augmentation of sewage treatment capacity to meet the entire generation of sewage present day sewage generation in the city is estimated at 800 MGD as against existing treatment capacity of 512 MGD. DJB is proposing the immediate augmentation of sewage treatment by 100 MGD by 2009.

There are 1432 un-authorized colonies where sewers cannot be provided as per High Court orders. This however is leading to pollution of river Yamuna, and it is proposed that the present policy be reviewed, as part of the pollution abatement effort. Another 1080 JJ Clusters are also adding to pollution on account of generation of wastewater. As per prevailing policy sewers cannot be laid in such areas. This policy also calls for a review, subject to the overall policy on slum settlements in the city.

Projects proposed to improve sewerage in the city are thus presented under the following strategies:

• Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage ---

abatement of pollution • Provision of sewer network in un-sewered areas • Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity

3 Out of this, the 72 MGD STP at Keshopur is not performing to standards. Thus in effect only 346 - 72 = 244 MGD sewage is being treated.



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As per draft MPD-2021, the projected requirement for Sewage treatment is 1328 MGD. The MPD-2021 further states “By the year 2021 entire Delhi should be served by regular sewerage system in a phased manner.” It is recommended that “recycling plants of treated waste water and a plan for recycling of treated waste water to meet non potable water needs and conveyance system has to be laid to carry treated waste water from STPs to the areas for alternative uses”

As a result, DJB is contemplating to set up three treatment plants, each of capacity not less than 3 MGD, to treat sewage using membrane technology / RO technology at the STPs at Okhla, Papankalan and Rithala. The treated water would be supplied to potential customers (in the command area of the plants), for non-human consumption uses; use in household toilets; for cooling purposes in power plants, hospitals etc.; thereby effecting economy in use of potable water. Rs. 45 crores has been proposed in the Draft Five Year Plan (2007 -12) for the construction of these plants at the three locations mentioned above. This has not been repeated in the CDP.

17.5.3 Strategy for Solid Waste Management Table17. 4: Estimated gaps in SWM infrastructure

S. No

Infrastructure Year Available / Expected

Required (as per generation of SW

Proposed Augmentation (By ULB itself)

Shortfall

1. SWM Collection Facilities (Dhalaos / bins…etc. or total capacity available)

2006 Under PPP (MCD has privatized collection and transportation in 6 out of 12 zones. The balance zones are also under consideration for privatization. It is envisaged that gaps in these aspects will be met by the private sector in such a manner that required performance criteria are met.

2011 - do - 2021 - do - 2. SWM

Transportation facilities (No. of trucks or total capacity available)

2006 - do -

2011 - do - 2021 - do - 3. SWM –

Treatment Facilities (TPD) – as % of generation

2006 975 TPD (14.33%) composting facility

6800 (MSW - 5000 + C&D 1800)

975 to 1075 TPD composting facility

5780 TPD

2011 4975 TPD (MSW 3975 + C&D 1000) (55%)

9000 TPD (MSW - 6600 + C&D 2400)

- 4050 TPD (38% MSW, 58% C&D)



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2021 Processing capacity to be increased to take care of total generation through PPP

16000 TPD (MSW - 11800 + C&D 4200)

New facility to be developed to augment capacity

-

4. SWM – Disposal Facilities (TPD) – as % of generation and treated waste

2006 5400 TPD in open dumps (79.5%) (closure, capping and landscaping of these open dumps recommended)

5825 (in case 975 TPD is actually processed)

2011 30% of total generation including processing rejects

2700 TPD (provided above indicated processing facilities for MSW and C&D waste can be set up and made operational)

nil

2021 25% of generation, provided the proposed site at Bhatti Mines or any other equivalent landfill space is available

4800 TPD (-do-)

nil

The key issues in Delhi with respect to solid waste management are:

• Efficient service delivery (collection and removal of garbage, construction and demolition debris and other types of waste, street sweeping etc.) leading to clean surroundings and feeling of well being amongst the citizens.

• Appropriate disposal of waste in conformity with the applicable rules; and

most importantly,

• Strategy for reducing land requirement Among the above, the most important concern currently is reduction in land requirement for disposal. In the absence of adequate land, the three landfill sites are being over-used, resulting in adverse environmental conditions in the



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surrounding areas. As per the present situation, Delhi is actually in a very serious situation with respect to land required for processing and disposal of solid waste. The strategies for reducing land requirement would be to maximize appropriate treatment of different waste streams, in order to reduce volumes of waste requiring being land-filled. It is proposed that the use of existing and proven technologies be maximized for this purpose, as well as new technologies are introduced, as elaborated below:

• The existing composting facilities may be re-engineered, revitalized and

capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support • Additional facilities for waste processing, including composting, and other

processing technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed (for example, dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived fuel)

• Processing and disposal facilities be developed for construction and

demolition debris starting with pilot facilities

In addition to this, a massive and sustained campaign encouraging people to consciously reduce waste and segregate at source to facilitate waste processing would have to be undertaken.

In order to mitigate adverse impact to the environment, the immediate development of new sanitary landfills at identified sites (Jaitpur, Narela Bawana and Bhatti Mines – in that order) is proposed. Alongside this, the closure, capping and landscaping of existing dump-sites would have to be undertaken. This would have to be accompanied by a plan for disposal of waste during the intermittent period, before new sanitary landfills are commissioned and actually operated. Improvement of service delivery is critical in ensuring that quality of the environment in the city is maintained. In order to build this, sustained training for all the municipal staff as well as staff of any private operator involved in waste management for their capacity building and planning capability, has also been proposed Thus the two key strategies in solid waste management can be summarized as under; • Maximizing effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in

order to minimize land required for land fill sites • Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient

land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery

The MPD 2021 makes the following recommendations with respect to solid waste management in the city (14.6, pages 110-111)

Processing of MSW and recycling of construction and demolition debris

(C&D) has been emphasized upon to minimize landfill space requirement



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Reservation of land for processing and disposal of solid waste in the Zonal Plans suggested

The quantum of generation has been estimated, and

The CDP is in tune with the MPD 2021 in all of the above respects. 17.5.4 Strategy for Drainage

Table 17.5. Estimated gaps in drainage infrastructure S. No

Infrastructure Year Available Required Proposed Augmentation (already planned by ULB)

Shortfall

1. Total existing length of drains (kms) – natural plus man made

2006 25000 km deemed sufficient

none

2. Drains in need of rehabilitation

2006 100 kms Remodeling and refurbishing of 17 major drains by MCD (ongoing)

Nil

3. Additional drains required

2011 25250 kms

deemed sufficient

Master Plan for drainage to cover additional areas under preparation

Nil

2021 25250 kms

3000 kms Tentative, would be finalized from the Master Plan

3000 kms

Note: In the absence of reliable information, the above figures are based on estimates by the MCD.

The key issues in drainage are:

• Lack of comprehensive planning and maintenance due to multiple agencies in the city looking after storm water drainage – MCD, DJB and PWD.

• Combined storm water drains and sewer drains, mostly as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer drains

• Neglect of the natural drainage basins and systems leading to water logging and even flooding

• Lack of coordination in planning and construction of roads and drains

In order to address the above, it is proposed that a comprehensive study of the storm drainage situation be undertaken. The last Master Plan for drainage was prepared in 1977, and still remains to be implemented. The study should be followed by comprehensive planning in a way which also addresses the inter-relationship with sewer lines so that the independent identity of each is maintained. A long term planning for 30 years slotted into 5-year phases needs to be done. A detailed project report (DPR) needs to be prepared based on the study, which would then be considered for implementation



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• Creation of an appropriate authority to deal with the sewer drains, the storm water drains and the natural drainage basins of the NCT area. This authority should have a well equipped planning and design wing.

• Short-term repair and de-silting of all the drains on emergency basis

• Revival of the Natural drains on the line of South Delhi Greenways Project

(proposed for Barapulla drain, which contributes to 3.69% of discharge into river Yamuna in the Delhi stretch)

• After commissioning and monitoring the functioning of the above project for

Barapulla drain, a similar study should be made in the medium term for Najafgarh drain, which is by far the largest contributor in terms of discharge into river Yamuna (51.75%)

MPD- 2021 makes mention of the following with respect to drainage (14.4, pages 107-108)

Drainage to be integral part of road development plan A proper database to be prepared and GIS based mapping and planning be

promoted Development of sub-wells under flyovers for trapping storm water Pump houses in low-lying areas should be provided Remodeling of selected drains

The approach of the CDP has integrated the above points.

17.5.5 Strategy for Traffic and Transport

Of the various issues identified in the sector, those related to the public transport system are most critical. The public transport system in Delhi currently captures only 60% of the total trips made. As a result, private modes of transport have been increasing at a rapid pace, leading to increasing congestion, parking problems and air pollution. The share of the public transport system needs to be substantially augmented in order to account for 80% of trips, at least. This can happen with citywide coverage of public transport available from origin to destination with minimum interchanges. Keeping in view the travel demand and available right of way, an integrated multi modal public transport network is proposed for development in Delhi, which would include the high capacity metro rail , light rail transit , mono rail, bus system and IRBT systems. Metro corridors and IRBT corridors form a part of the existing work in progress, while the feasibility report for other corridors is in progress. Vehicular emissions account for 67 % of the air pollution in Delhi. IT is further notable, that 2/3irds of the vehicles in the city are two-wheelers, operated on two-stroke engines, and carrying 1 – 2 passengers. It is felt that cycles and cycle rickshaws can play an important role in reducing levels of pollution. Corridors with high usage of these modes need to be identified and developed to provide safe movement of these modes which can be very effective in short distance trips along sub arterial roads, local roads and



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National Urban Transport Policy ( NUTP )

As per the directives of the GOI- MOUD- UT – the various proposals for urban transport being prepared under JNNURM should comply with NUTP in order to be eligible for Central Govt. funding. The focus of NUTP is on the following strategies : 1. Equitable allocation of road space – with

people as focus 2. Priority to the use of Public Transport 3. Integrated public transport systems 4. Priority to non motorised transport 5. Promote multilevel parking complexes 6. Create public awareness Delhi CDP priorities and projects have been identified based on above guidelines of NUTP.

along major transport corridors near industrial nodes. The CDP identifies a few areas for development in order to promote these modes of transport.

More than 60 % of daily trips in the city have at least one part of the journey as pedestrian. Pedestrians are most vulnerable road users, and their safe movement is of paramount importance and needs to be given priority on road. Proposals for strengthening of foot-paths, and development of foot over bridges have been included in list of projects. The road network accounts for about 21% of the total area, which is above average of 12 to 15 % for urban areas. This translates into a road density of 19.2 Km. per Sq. Km (for 1483 sq. kms); and 38 kms per Sq. Km, considering the current urban area of 750 sq. kms. Being already on the high side, this limits the potential for increase in road length. The overall approach is thus to increase the effective use of the available road network -- it is felt that the available infrastructure should be utilized optimally to ease the traffic on the roads in Delhi. The emphasis has to be on peripheral roads and roads in the trans-yamuna area. There is also a need for developing area level traffic control systems and traffic management plans to optimally utilize the available infrastructure. A few additional roads required, included elevated roads, and improvement of major intersections has been proposed. Proper management and regulation of parking spaces especially in and around the commercial centers is also important in this respect. There is also a need for devising measures to control the demand for parking as it is difficult to supply as per the increasing demand. Connaught Place and the walled city are important commercial centers as well as sites of heritage importance. To retain the character of these central business districts of the city, special schemes for redevelopment of these areas have been proposed. Delhi being a major trading center for the whole of North India, attracts a lot of regional visitors and goods traffic. In order to cater to these, development of decentralized passenger and goods terminals based upon directional needs of travel on the periphery of the city itself (so that inner parts of the city can be relieved of the traffic load) has been proposed.

The overall goal of the proposals made in the CDP is to provide, promote and ensure safe, economic, and efficient movement of all categories of passenger and goods vehicles, with a focus on the provision of an environment friendly integrated multi modal transport system for Delhi urban area. In order to achieve this, projects have been proposed under the following broad strategies:

• Provision of safe and efficient public transport system



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• Encouraging the use of non-motorized modes of passenger transport • Equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians • Efficient use of existing infrastructure – removal of impediments – including

enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities

• Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas • Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional

needs • Enhancement of Road Infrastructure • Awareness and enforcement drives

Table 17.6 Integration of proposals contained in MDP-2021 with Strategies for Transportation

MASTER PLAN REFERENCE INCORPORATION INTO CDP

(THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY)

Promote public transport through planning

Capacity building of Public Transport system Projects A (i), (ii) and (iii) – all recommended in MPD-2021

Develop Integrated Multi modal Public Transport System including, MRTS. LRT,HCBS, etc

Capacity building of Public Transport system Projects A (i), (ii) and (iii) – all recommended in MPD-2021

Give priority to the safety of pedestrians on the road.

Provide Equitable Use of Space on Roads, and Priority to Pedestrians Project G (i) – recommended in MPD-2021 Project G (ii) and (iii)

Optimal utilization of existing road network and full development of ROW

Full Development of ROW of Roads Projects E (i) & (ii) – as per MPD – 2021 Recommendation Projects E (iii) – E (vxx)

Identification and Development of Urban Relief Roads

Develop New Roads and Bridges as New Link Roads Projects C (iii) and (iv) – as per MPD-2021 All projects under strategy

Development of comprehensive parking policy.

Management and Creation of New Parking Areas Projects F(i) and (iii) Project F (ii)

Provision of directional goods and passenger terminal.

Development of Passenger and Good’s Terminals based on Directional Needs Projects B (i) and (ii) - as per MPD-2021

Create awareness and enforcement

Create Awareness and Enforcement Drives Projects J(i) and (iii) – as per MPD-2021 J(ii)



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Specific Project recommendations (which have been incorporated under Various Strategy Heads in the CDP, among other relevant projects)

Under Strategy Head “Prepare Special Intergated Schemes for ovement in CP and Old City Area” i) Improvement Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including parking below inner circle iii) Pedestrianisation ( partial ) Chowk Area with heritage considerations Under Strategy Head “Encourage Use of IPT and Non-motorised Transport” i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local Level roads and streets new areas and urban extensions (ii) Road improvements for use of cycle rickshaw in Karol Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans Yammuna Area

In addition to the above, the Master Plan also recommends the following:

- Expansion and strengthening of Ring rail and suburban rail system – however, the planning and implementation of rail transport lies with railways dept.

- Quick and efficient transport network between NCR & NCT of Delhi – this is already being implemented through schemes, as mentioned below: Faridabad – Noida – Gaziabad – Kundli , or the Eastern Peripheral Expressway with a total length of 106 Km., being implemented by an SPV formed by NCRPB,MOUD, ILFS and State Govt. of Haryana , U.P. and Delhi.

- Palwal – Manesar – Kundli, or the Western Peripheral Expressway, being implemented by NHAI

- rail projects for commuter travel, identified as a part of regional rapid transit system. The priority corridors in the projects include Delhi-Palwal, Delhi –Panipat, Delhi – Gaziabad. Besides these, it is proposed to extend the metro corridors to NOIDA and Gurgaon to cater to the travel demand between Delhi and NCR towns. These projects are under various stages of implementation.

17.5.6 Strategy for Urban Heritage

The City Development Plan recognizes the importance of the cultural and natural heritage of Delhi as a resource or as ‘Cultural Capital Assets’. These heritage resources, of great value, not only enrich and enliven the fabric of the contemporary city, contributing to its distinctive identity as a globally significant capital city through the ages, but also represent tremendous (and unutilized) latent potential for macro-level city environmental improvement, community level economic regeneration and revenue generation. The CDP puts forward a set of inter-related strategies for ensuring the integration of these invaluable cultural assets within the sustainable development process for Delhi, based on appropriate, participatory conservation programmes and comprehensive heritage management frameworks and plans. . The necessity for ensuring the continued, enhanced relevance of these heritage resources within the life of the community is recognized: the CDP strategies seek to ensure that the traditional links between the natural and cultural resources and the inhabitants are enhanced and strengthened, through



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primarily community based conservation processes, in order to improve Delhi’s environment. The overall vision for heritage management in the city can be stated as follows: “To reintegrate the natural and cultural heritage of Delhi within the overall development planning process for Delhi, and to ensure environmental up-gradation, enhancement of heritage significance and improvement of the quality of life within the historic areas in a defined time frame.” This is to be achieved through supporting the development of sustainable heritage management systems and frameworks which ensure a synergy between the activities and responsibilities of various agencies entrusted with the heritage; initiating comprehensive and mutually supportive processes of conservation, restoration, adaptive reuse, environmental up-gradation, heritage tourism and awareness generation, heritage information management and capacity building which will result in the utilization of the latent potential of the heritage resources of Delhi. The following main strategies have been identified, and projects suggested under each: 1. Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation &

Heritage Management 2. Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of

heritage concerns within the development plans – Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level

3. Area Level Conservation, revitalisation and Regeneration strategies which

include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse,

4. heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community facilities, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development

5. Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue

generation, and awareness generation. The integration of the proposals contained in MDP-2021 into these strategies is presented in the table below. For specific project details, refer Annexure 17.1.

Table 17.7: Incorporation of MPD- 2021 proposals into Strategy for Urban Heritage MASTER PLAN REFERENCE INCORPORATION INTO CDP

(THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY)

Maintain and update a heritage database

Development of an information Management System - Project A(i) Capacity building and provision of technical support for conservation Project A.(ii)

Develop organizational capacity for heritage management

Establishment of a Self-Sustaining Technical Support Conservation Centre



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Projects B.(i) & B.(ii)

6 heritage zones, including the entire Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. Prepare guidelines for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage buildings HERITAGE ZONES Nizamuddin and Humayun's Tomb Complex. Mehrauli area Chirag Delhi. Lutyens Bungalow Zone Shahjahanabad i. Specific heritage complex within Walled City of Delhi, The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City of Shahjehanabad (Part Zones A & C), approved 1999

Projects for area level conservation, revitalization and regeneration, prioritisation of identified heritage zones and precincts Adaptive reuse of buildings or precincts Heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation Projects C (i), C (II), D(i) Projects C(iii), C(iv), C(v), C(vi a.), C(vi) b., C(vii), C(viii), C(ix) , D (i), D(ii), E(iv).

Implementing programmes for education and awareness

Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation activities. Reintegrating previously overlooked heritage components into thematic heritage tourism circuits Projects e(i) e(ii) Awareness generation Project e(iii)

17.5.7 Strategy for Environmental Management

The unsustainable patterns of prolific urban growth, production and consumption have caused the tremendous deterioration in the natural environment of Delhi. Though endowed with ample natural resources, Delhi has brutally destroyed its bounty continuously. The damage is irreparable --- the only hope being to manage and rejuvenate depleted resources. This exercise of managing and systemizing has to be air tight and consistent without any scope for faltering. The overall strategy of aiming for environmental sustainability has to start with sound planning, designing, implementing, monitoring and rectifying. Therefore a robust and effective environmental management system has to be put in place with one coordinating authority having the overall responsibility. Although several studies, white papers and action plans have already been prepared by renowned authorities in Delhi, what glares starkly at the citizens of Delhi is the lack of implementation, enforcement and accountability of the programmes discussed repeatedly in these studies. All proposed programmes have to be time bound with strict monitoring and a single point responsibility and accountability.



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This broad strategy has to be complemented by initiatives at resource-use reduction, waste minimization and pollution prevention. While the degradation of forests and green cover has reduced over the last few years, many more efforts are required to conserve existing forests. Improved coordination amongst the several agencies responsible for the forest area is required. Encroachment of the forests and ridges is a serious concern and this can be regulated only by strict policing by the concerned authorities. A GIS database of natural resources in the city has been proposed in order to facilitate this. An issue of concern is the a complete lack of inventorisation of the flora and fauna of the city, and a study in order to document this has been proposed. Another area of concern is air pollution, which needs to be reduced in Delhi. The major contribution to the air pollution in the city is from the traffic pollution followed by industrial and then the domestic pollution. The reduction in air pollution measures are multi agency and would be linked to automobiles, power plants, domestic and commercial diesel generating sets, open burning, industrial operations and others. Indirectly this would be the responsibility of the automobile manufacturers, oil companies, generator manufacturers and others to incorporate designs and specifications which would reduce air pollution. Some of the major strategies for the reduction in the air pollution are: • Vehicular emissions to adhere to the Euro Norms. • Fuel quality specifications (unleaded petrol, reduction of sulphur in diesel,

benzene in petrol) have to be followed • Quality control on the lubricants • Phasing out of old vehicles • Further promotion of the usage of CNG • Improvement in the quality of CNG like reduction of benzene • Better roads and wider built up area of the roads. No kuchha road margins

to reduce the dust emissions. • Integrated multi transport system to reduce traffic congestions • Better traffic control and stricter enforcement of P.U.C • Ban on open burning of leaves, tyres, wood and other things • Increase of greenery

Further augmentation of the continuous air pollution monitoring system is also proposed under the CDP. In terms of water pollution, the strategy focuses on reduction of surface water pollution mainly in the river Yamuna. This has been covered in the two Yamuna



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Action Plans. An effective time bound implementation of YAP II could achieve the required improvements. Lessons learnt from the YAP I should be included in the YAP II and the YAP III which is in the pipeline. YAP II has focussed on preparation of master plans and DPRs for the non point sources of pollution, including the dhobhi ghats, crematoria, dairy farms, slaughter houses and slum rehabilitation. Further augmentation of the plans and schemes under YAP II have been proposed under the CDP, including studies related to surface water bodies and recharge of ground water. Proposals for augmentation of ground water monitoring have also been proposed. Although there is a huge requirement for control and treatment of water, the city needs to practice cleaner best management practices to minimize water pollution and conserve water. For this community participation and creating awareness amongst the citizens is imperative. Awareness of the regulations relating to noise pollution in the city also has to be created and promoted amongst the citizens. Projects targeting both these areas have been included. If the overall environment of the city improves there would be decrease in the incidence of the disease related to the pollution. Awareness drives amongst the community, to adopt measures to keep their surroundings clean so that the incidence of diseases can be controlled, have also been proposed.

Thus the main strategies, under which projects have been proposed, relate to: • Outreach and capacity building • Enhancement of forests and green cover • Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution

Table 17.8: Integration of Proposals contained in MDP-2021 with Strategies for Environmental Management

MASTER PLAN REFERENCE INCORPORATION INTO CDP

(THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY) i)Management of Natural Resources and the related environment infrastructure and services in a manner that would lead to optimization of use of natural resources, reduction/abatement of pollution ii) Conservation and Development of the natural features with a view to enhancing their environmental value iii) Protection of the Ridge

A Outreach and Capacity Building i) Create awareness for water conservation and the techniques, training programmes for the RWAs, display & promotional material & schools, hospitals, change institutions. B. Forest & Green Cover ii) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city. To include a complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna (iii) Protection of Delhi ridge iv) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city

iii) Development and preservation of open spaces, greens and landscape/recreational areas

B. Forest & Green Cover i) South Delhi Greenway Project



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Air i) issue of air pollution

C. Mitigtion of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 9 web linked continuous air quality monitoring stations

River Yamuna Cleaning/ rejuvenation of River Yamuna

C. Mitigtion of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Action projects of the Master Plan for Dhobighats Sudhar Yojna under the YAP II. ii) Upgradation of the crematoria in the city to make them environmentally better (air pollution treatment equipment). Master plans under the YAP II to be implemented iii) River Front Development including walkways, recreation facilities, kiosks, water sports etc

Ground water i) quality 2) recharge through rain water harvesting

C. Mitigtion of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 2 water quality stations for monitoring and gauging. ii) rain water harvesting already a part of the building regulatory framework so not considered in CDP

17.6 STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION TO THE URBAN

POOR

An estimation of housing gaps for the urban poor, as per the Draft MPD-2021, is presented in the tables below:

Table 17.9: Estimation of Housing Gaps – MPD 2021 S. No.

Estimation Number (in Lakh DU’s)

1. Additional Housing Stock Required (a): Housing for additional population 20.0 (b): Backlog* 4.0 Total 24.0 2. To be developed in NCR (20%) 4.8 3. New Housing (a): through redevelopment and upgradation

of existing areas of Delhi (40%)

9.6

(b): through new housing areas (40%) 9.6 Total 19.2 4. Requirement of New Housing for the Urban

Poor (estimated at 50 %), 2001-2021

9.6

5. Annual Requirement of DU’s for Urban Poor** .48 * Break-up: 1 lakh DU’s net shortage; 3 lakh DU’s dilapidated and kutcha structures requiring replacement ** Through slum and JJ housing, up-gradation of old traditional areas; employers and industrial housing; group housing; infills in unauthorized regularized colonies

Table 17.10: Indicative Description & Requirement of Housing Types for the Urban Poor

S. No

Housing Type % of total as

Proposed Development

Annual Requirement



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proposed in MPD-2021

Agency (in DU’s)

1. Slum and JJ 25 Public Agency, Private Agency, Co-op Society

24,000

4. Employer Housing 4 Central / State Govt. 3,840 5. Unauthorised

Regularised Infill 15 Co-op Society

Resident’s Assoc. Private Agency

14,400

6. Other Housing Areas, Upgradation of Old Areas, Traditional Areas, Villages

6 Public Agency, Private Agency, Co-op Society

5,760

TOTAL 48,000

Notwithstanding the above, a review of the implementation levels of various Master Plans clearly reveals that the poor in the city have been consistently under-provided for in terms of shelter. Even targets that have been set by the development agency itself ---- on the basis of projections that have been far exceeded in reality --- have not been met even to the extent of 50 %. Several studies have established that the poor are an integral component of the city economy, providing goods and services that enable city functions to be carried out efficiently at costs that are lower than would otherwise be incurred. Studies reveal that up to 60 % of recent migrants are absorbed into the service sector of the city’s economy, including trade, hotels and restaurants; transport and storage, and personal services. That they have to co-exist in the city, with a dignified standard of living, and have to be provided for accordingly, was a fact recognized by all segments of stakeholders consulted in the process of preparing this CDP. Strategies for the urban poor proposed in the CDP are based on key observations and assumptions. Foremost among these is that the legal and formal integration of poorer segments of the population into city development will substantially enhance the economy and functioning of the city by virtue of stabilizing the provision of key services currently being provided by the poor required in the formal sectors of the economy. The provision of legal housing options plays a critical role in this respect. Furthermore, provision of legal housing options must be undertaken in a manner that treats the poor as a segment of the housing market with different needs and abilities, rather than as a special group, located outside the housing market, as the poor are currently viewed. Shelter options offered to this segment must thus be tailored to the needs and abilities (to pay) of the poor, with minimum required levels of subsidy (the cost of land will, in all probability, require to be subsidized to a fair extent). Strategies are also derived from the established fact that the poor are not a homogenous group, and vary widely in their requirements of shelter. This takes into account factors such as extent of consolidation in the city, location sensitivity, physical requirement, ability to pay as well as tenure security. Shelter options may vary from a single bed and locker in a dormitory for the



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male migrant, to an independent unit. The ability to exercise choice, with a variety of options, is thus, important, in the success of any programme to provide shelter for all categories of the poor. Pricing, location, and tenure conditions are critical considerations: • Price is an important factor to balance supply and demand4, determine

extent of provision (in physical terms) and determine location. • It is also noted that perceived security of tenure is accorded higher

importance than ownership per se.

As a result, the approach to slums and JJ clusters, whether through in-situ redevelopment or relocation, without security of tenure and financial assistance has not resulted in improving the living conditions of poor in a sustained manner. Equally, the granting of outright ownership at a price below market value5 (with or without conditions) has also proven to be quite unsuccessful in most cases. The overall framework, on the basis of which strategies and projects have been elaborated, thus include • To provide a range of shelter options to the urban poor --- from beds,

single rooms and dwelling units at various locations in the city. • To provide long term security of tenure, whether through ownership, or a

long-term leasehold system (without a sub-clause). To link this to location (refer below)

• To maximize in-situ redevelopment of slum and JJ clusters currently

existing in the city. Redevelopment would consist of G+1 and G+2 structures (flatted), with common, as well as individual infrastructure services. To offer the redeveloped units whether rooms, or flatted units on a leasehold basis. The terms of the lease agreement would require to be established on the basis of the upgrading programme. An option to buy the lease after 10 or 15 years could also be included, as has been so done in the Philippines National Slum Improvement Programme.

- Tenure will be common in the name of the cooperative, association of

allottees or a managing trust. Forms of group tenure, collective tenure, cooperative tenure etc need to be looked into

- Tenure will be allotted in the joint name of the head of household and

spouse - Low cost housing within affordable range may be offered for

accommodating some of the willing slum dwellers to reduce densities on slum site.

- Transit tenements to accommodate slum dwellers while in-situ up

gradation work is taken up.

4 The laws of demand and supply put a constraint on demand at a given price. However, at a very low price, the demand will be infinite, and no amount of supply can match the demand. Price thus balances supply and demand of a specific housing option. 5 Representing a subsidy that the poor cannot sustain



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• To offer sites, on an outright purchase basis, at peripheral locations in the

city, ensuring that these sites have adequate infrastructure and good connectivity to work areas in the city. Development of infrastructure may be incremental, in order to keep costs of development down.

• Under relocation the recovery may be subsidized, to limited extent, as

compensatory measure for the price of displacement and subsequent rehabilitation. In case of in-situ development no such provision of subsidy should be provided to slum dwellers, who will be required to meet the cost of land as borne by the development agency, at the time of acquisition.

• The above two strategies (flats on lease hold basis in the city; and plots on

ownership basis in the peripheral areas) are to be complemented by an on-going provision of dwelling units for the poor, in order to meet projected demand. The cost and location of these should be sensitive to the requirements of the target group. Simultaneously, housing supply to other segments of the population should be stepped up in order to meet demand, to ensure that units meant for the poor remain within the segment.

• To enable private sector (including commercial entities, NGO’s and trusts)

participation in development of the options outlined above. With respect to in-situ rehabilitation, the private sector may be involved by offering part of the land for commercial development (on suitable sites). Alternatively, enhanced development rights may be offered to private parties at other sites, as incentive to undertake development for the in-situ redevelopment of sites occupied by slum dwellers (as has been done successfully in Mumbai). NGO’s and trusts must be used as intermediaries to reach finance to the poor in the case of in-situ rehabilitation; and housing micro finance options must be developed in order to do the same for plotted developments on the city periphery. These issues are elaborated upon subsequently.

The emerging strategies are thus

• In-situ rehabilitation at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered

on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc.

• Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying

locations, for outright purchase. Connectivity to work centers to be assured. • Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations

single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or NGO’s with government support

• Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies • Reconstruction of government owned Katras in the walled city.

Annexure : 17.1


A-17.1

ANNEXURE : 17.1

INCORPORATION OF MASTER PLAN DELHI-2021 PROPOSALS INTO CDP

MASTER PLAN REFERENCE INCORPORATION INTO / REFLECTED IN CDP

(THROUGH RELEVANT STRATEGY) Maintain and update a database MPD 2021, in its section 10 on Conservation of Built Heritage mentions 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments, as well as lists of heritage buildings published by the MCD, NDMC and the State Department of Archaeology. Close coordination and cooperation is required from agencies such as the ASI, GNCTD State Department of Archaeology, NDMC, MCD, Cantonment Board and DDA

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A(i) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage Information System integrated with overall land information management system.

CAPACITY BUILDING AND PROVISION OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATION A.(ii) Capacity Building of employees of the departments involved in heritage conservation (iii) Provision for recording excavated remains and removal of artifacts to museums ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRE

Develop organizational capacity for heritage management

B.(i) Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage buildings as well as buildings located within designated heritage zones- Mehrauli and Shahjehanabad B.(ii) Ensuring Technical Support for conservation required for at area level

MPD-2021 also identifies 6 Heritage Zones, including the entire Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. It states that each local body / land owning agency should formulate ‘Special Development Plans’ for the conservation and improvement of listed heritage complexes and zones. Prepare guidelines for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage buildings

AREA LEVEL CONSERVATION, REVITALIZATION AND REGENERATION PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS HERITAGE SENSITIVE INFRASTRUCTURE UP-GRADATION

Annexure : 17.1


A-17.2

Heritage Zones Nizamuddin and Humayun's Tomb Complex. Mehrauli area Chirag Delhi. Lutyens Bungalow Zone

C(i) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and heritage management plan- Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli; Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj (Development of heritage area) C(ii) Community based Heritage Management Plans for the Dargahs/ traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi (Development of heritage area) D (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict ‘havelis’, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in ‘shikargahs’ in rural villages for provision of essential community facilities

i. Specific heritage complex within Walled City of Delhi, The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City, Shahjehanabad (Part Zones A & C), approved 1999, identifies 6 ‘control zones’ as Conservation Areas, urban design interest areas, protected monuments and other buildings for conservation, and also suggests the preparation of area by area ‘urban renewal plans’.

C(iii) Upgradation of open space structure along with urban landscape of the walled city (Regeneration of old inner city area) C(iv) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic components of the city with the Metro Stations (Regeneration of old inner city area). C(v) Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station C(vi a. Guidelines for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj C(vi) b. Revitalization of surroundings of Jama Masjid) C(vii)Restoration of Town hall and preparation of comprehensive heritage plan C(viii) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated heritage zones and precincts (Regeneration of old inner city area) C(ix) Revitalization of inner (Old) city area -Shahjehanabad D (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict ‘havelis’, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and D(ii) Retrofitting of services and rationalisation of space utilisation in heritage buildings currently used for community purposes E(iv) Adaptive reuse of heritage hotel at Kashmiri Gate STRATEGIES FOR HERITAGE TOURISM, ENHANCED VISITOR EXPERIENCE AND REVENUE GENERATION, AND AWARENESS GENERATION ACTIVITIES.

Implementing programmes for education and awareness

REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS

Annexure : 17.1


A-17.3

E(i) Development of thematic heritage tourism circuits as an integrated network with signage systems, heritage site linked interpretation centres/ site museums, tourist facilities, low speed circuit transport for tourists – battery buses, bicycle tracks E(ii) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings including Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi AWARENESS GENERATION

E(iii) Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children to form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi – linked with curriculum of Delhi schools

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 18 : Investment Framework

Chapter – 18 Investment Framework


18-1

CHAPTER - 18 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK

18.1 INTRODUCTION

The investment options projects to achieve the long term vision and strategies are done based on the assessment of short, medium and long term strategies. The chapter has been divided in to two parts. Part A describes the sector wise projects and investments for Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance and Part-B describes the investments for Sub-Mission-2: Urban Poor and Housing.

18.2 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT OPTIONS Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance

The sectors covered in Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance are (i) Water Supply; (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation; (iii) Storm Water Drainage; (iv) Road Network and Transport Projects; (v) Solid Waste Management Projects; (vi) Redevelopment of Core City Area; (vii) Heritage Conservation and (viii) Urban Governance. The investments to meet the normative requirement are presented below.

18.2.1 Water Supply

The water supply system in city has 50 per cent transmission and distribution losses and skewed inter & intra zone water distribution pattern. The strategies to overcome issues earlier are (i) Reduce Transmission and Distribution Loss (ii) Augmentation of Water Supply; and (iii) Efficiency in Service Delivery and cost recovery mechanism (Table 18.1).

Table 18.1: Investment Options-Water Supply (2021)

Short Term Investments (2007-12)

Medium Term Investments (2012-2017)

Long Term Investments (2017-21)

Grand Total Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE A) REDUCE TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT (i) Revamping and upgradation of internal water distribution network and pumping stations

75 - - 75

(ii) Coverage of new colonies in outer areas of city

25 30 50 105

(iii) Interlinking of WJC with Wazirabad pond Laying of 2000 mm dia pipeline for supply of raw from WJC to Wazirabad pond

187 - - 187

(iv) Supply and 30 10 2 42



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RS IN CRORE Installation of Bulk and Consumer Meters (v) Modernization and up gradation of laboratory 20 - - 20

(vi) Leak Detection Study 1 - - 1 (vii) Energy Efficiency Study 2 - - 2

B) AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD (i) Construction of New Water Treatment Plants (a) 31 MGD Iron removal Plan (b) 20 MGD WTP at Okhla (c) 40 MGD WTP at Dwarka

696 - - 696

(ii) Construction of 21 Nos. High Yield Tube wells in flood plain area of river Yamuna

1 - - 1

(iii) Upgradation of Water Works- Chandrawal 35 35

(iv) Construction of UGRs/BPS in Various Part of Delhi

250 - - 250

(v) Construction of 8 MGD recycling plants Chandrawal

20 20

(vi) To Connect UGR with Plants transmission lines of varying size-250kms

200 - - 200

(vii) Construction of 1 MGD WTP at common wealth games village along with arrangement of raw water (To be achieved by 2009)

20 - - 20

(vii) Explore Raw Water Resources, the surcharge of aquifers

50 - - 50

C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND COST RECOVERY MECHANISM (i) Revamping DJB Customer Care Services Installation of system software for billing and customer information

20 - - 20

GRAND TOTAL IN Rs CRORE 1632 130 122 1884

18.2.2 Sewerage System

Around 60 per cent population in outer areas, urban villages, unauthorized areas are not covered by the sewerage network. The sewage from these areas and inner city areas find it is way into the storm water drainage. The strategies



18-3

to improve the sewage disposal system in the city are (i) Extension and Up gradation of sewerage network; (ii) Provision of Sewer Network in unsewered area; (iii) Augmentation of Sewage Treatment Capacity. Table 18.2 presents the investment options for sewerage system. Table 18.2: Investment Options-Sewerage System (2021)





RS IN CRORE A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR INTERCEPTING SEWAGE TO CONVEY TO STPS-POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION (i) Revamping and up gradation of internal sewerage network including replacement of Old Sewer line

125 - - 125

(ii) Refurbishment of Sewage Pumping Stations- 6Nos

20 - - 20

(iii) Rehabilitation of Trunk Sewers in walled city area, north and west districts excluding trunk sewer under YAP-II

450 - - 450

B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UNSEWERED AREA (I) Provision of Sewer in left out portion of colonies and rural villages

120 - - 120

(ii) Laying of 250km of trunk sewer network to cater to uncovered area (regular colonies)

75 - - 75

(iii) Provision of Sewerage Network in 30 urban villages

45 - - 45

(iv) Provision of Sewerage Network in Unauthorized colonies

400 935 935 2270

(v) Diverting the sewer from uncovered area by constructing Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi extn, Preet vihar, Yamuna vihar and Jivan vihar

100 - - 100

(vi) Laying of trunk sewers 70 70

C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPCITY (i) Construction of New STPs (Refer iii) 700 - - 700

(ii) Construction of 150 - - 150



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RS IN CRORE Sewage Pumping Stations (Refer iii) (iii) Laying of Trunk Sewers (Interceptor along drain)

500 500 500 1500

TOTAL 2755 1435 1435 5625 18.2.3 Road Network and Transportation System

The strategies for improvement of road network and transportation system of the city are (i) safe and efficient public transport system; (ii) encourage use of intermediate public transport and non-motorised passenger transport; (iii) equitable use of space on roads, and priority to pedestrians; (iv) efficient use of existing infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities (v) redevelopment of Connaught Place and the Walled City Areas as special areas (vi) development of passenger and goods terminals based on directional needs (vii) enhancement of road infrastructure(viii) undertake awareness and enforcement drive. Table 18.3 presents the investment options for sewerage system. Table 18.3: Investment Options-Transport System and Road Network (2021)





RS IN CRORE A. CAPACITY BUILDING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM i) Developing Light Rail Transport System – 74 km 2800 2320 800 5920

ii) Developing Monorail System – 48 km 2400 1440 - 3840

iii) High Capacity Bus System –294 km. 1305 420 2685 4410

B. DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER AND GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS i) Development of Interstate Bus Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka, Holambi Kalan and Tikri Kalan

50 25 - 75

ii) Integrated Freight Complex at Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur and Narela

50 100 100 250

C. DEVELOP NEW LINK ROADS AND BRIDGES AS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES i) East-West Corridor from Rajghat to Panjabi Bagh-12km 120 300 300 720

ii) North-South Corridor from Majnu ka tila to Daula Kaun-15km 125 350 425 900

iii) Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to Outer Ring Road along Disused Western Yammuna Canal

30 20 - 50

iv) Sarita Vihar Intersection on Mathura Road to Okhla industrial Areas

30 - - 30

v) Development of elevated ring road 300 2000 2300 4600

vi) Elevated section over Outer Ring road- NH 1 ( Mukerba Chowk) 200 250 - 450



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RS IN CRORE to wazirabad 7.5 Km. vii) Outer Ring Road Link from Okhla to Wazirabad – 13 km. 200 400 400 1000

viii) Missing Link of Outer Ring Road from NH 8 to Janakpuri through Cantonement Area – 13Km.

200 400 400 1000

ix) Wazirabad Signature Bridge over river Yamuna 464 - - 464

x) Geeta Colony Bridge over river Yamuna 125 - - 125

xi) Master plan road over disused Canal between Shastri Park and Karkari More

120 - - 120

xii) Ring road bypass from Salim Garh Fort to Velodrome road 100 200 200 500

xiii) Link road from NH 24 to Lodhi road (Tunnel Bypass) 60 250 250 560

E. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD i) Traffic Management and Area Traffic Control schemes at all Grade Separators and prominent commercial areas

50 - - 50

ii) Improvement of road corridors spread over Delhi – 251.40 km. 500 1014 1000 2514

iii ) Corridor improvement plan for Mehrauli Gurgaon Road (connecting Andheri Morh to Delhi-Haryana Border)

174 - - 174

iv) Beautification of roads for Commonwealth Games 750 - - 750

v) Flyover at Mukerba Chowk 195 - - 195 vi) Grade Seperator at Azadpur 154 - - 154 vii) Three Flyovers between IIT & NH 8 on Outer Ring Road 247 - - 247

viii) Flyover at Naraina 125 - - 125 ix) Bridge over Neela Hauz ( Aruna Asaf Ali Marg 47 - - 47

x) Flyover at Mangolpuri Chowk on Outer Ring Road 31 - - 31

xi) Behera Enclave underpass on Outer Ring Road 55 - - 55

xii) Flyover at Nagloi on NH 10 78 - - 78 xiii) ITO Chungi – 4 no.’s cloverleaves and underpass 74 - - 74

xiv) RUB connecting road no. 58 and 64 32 - - 32

xv) Grade Separator at Shastri Park 65 - - 65

xvi) Flyover at Apsara border on G.T.Road 88.5 - - 88.5

xvii) Grade Separator at intersection of Raja Ram Kohli Marg & Pusta Road

97 - - 97

xviii) Grade separator at Shastri Park Pushta Road Intersection 83 - - 83

xix) Flyover on Road no 56 ( ISBT Anand Vihar ) & NH 24 ( Gazipur drain )

150 300 - 450

xx) ROB on Road No. 63 level crossing 34 - - 34



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RS IN CRORE xxi) UP link road clover leaf 200 - - 200 xxii) ROB at G.T.Road near Shyam Lal College 85 - - 85

xxiii) BSZ – DDU – I.P.Marg Flyover 100 100 - 200 Xxiv) Grade separator along Rani Jhansi Road between Baraf Khana Chowk and Bara Hindu Rao Chowk

178 - - 178

xxv) ROB at Samaipur Badli Level Crossing on Auchandi Road 40 - - 40

xxvi) Construction of flyovers/underbridges at various level crossing sites.

250 250 500

F. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA i) Construction of Multi-Level Parking in Delhi 100 250 250 600

ii) Parking management & Regulation at 10 prominent locations

15 - - 15

iii) Construction of underground parking in residential areas 50 - - 50

G. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS

i) Strenthening and improvement of footpaths along major arterial roads

100 50 - 150

ii)Construction of foot over bridges/ subways at ten critical locations

10 - - 10

iii) Modernisation of Street lighting

125 - - 125

H. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA

i) Improvement Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations

3 - - 3

ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including parking below inner circle

20 - - 20

iii) Pedestrianisation (partial) Chowk Area with heritage considerations

10 - - 10

iv) Provisions of subways at nine locations in outer circle of Connaught Place

18 - - 18

v) Developing Underground Parking at Connaught Place, Super Bazar, Mayur bhawan, Shivaji Terminal as part of redevelopment of Connaught Place

50 100 - 150

vi) Corridor improvement of S.P Mukherjee Marg 75 - - 75

vii) Traffic management plan for areas around proposed Civic Center near Minto Road

188 - - 188

I. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER TRANSPORT (Including cycles and cycle rickshaws) i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local Level roads and streets new areas and urban

15 50 50 115



18-7





RS IN CRORE extensions Ii Road improvements for use of cycle rickshaw in Karol Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans Yammuna Area

30 20 - 50

iii) Devlopment of Cycle Tracks in along major transport corridor near industrial nodes at seven routes

100 - - 100

J. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE i) Public awareness and enforcement drive

3 - - 3

ii) User Information System for transport systems 10 20 30 60

iii) Registration and Training of Transport Operators/drivers 3 - - 3

TOTAL 13486.5 10629 9190 33305.5

18.2.4 Storm Water Drainage

The storm water drainage system in city is supported by 350km of natural drains and 1700km of manmade drains. On the basis of topographical characteristics and existing drainage network of city has been divided into five drainage basins namely Najafgarh, Alipur, Shahdara, Khushak nallah and Mehrauli. Three pronged strategy to improve the drainage system of city: (i) Comprehensive study ofdrainage systems; (ii) Short Term Improvement Measures (iii) Revival, waste water treatment and landscaping of the main drains (table 18.4).The projects needs to be implemented for improvement of city drainage system are presented in Table 18.5.

Table 18.4 : Cost of Drainage Revival and Management(Based on Estimated BOD Load)

S. No.

Drain

Approximate Cost of Wastewater Treatment

(Rs Crores)

Term (short / medium /

long term)

1. Najafgarh Drain 30.00 S 2. Magazine Road Drain 0.50 M 3. Sweepers Colony Drain 0.30 M 4. Khyber Pass Drain 0.10 M 5. Metcalf House Drain 0.20 M 6. ISBT Drain 1.50 M 7. Tonga Stand Drain 0.45 M 8. Moat Drain 0.05 M 9. Civil Mill Drain 3.00 M 10. Delhi Gate Drain 2.50 M 11. Sen Nursing Home Drain 6.00 M 12. Drain No. 12A 0.21 M 13. Drain No. 14 4.50 M



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14. Barapulla Drain 3.50 S 15. Maharani Bagh Drain 5.00 M 16. Kalkaji Drain 0.18 M 17. Tehkhand Drain 0.42 M 18. Tughlaqabad Drain 0.22 M 19. Shahdara Drain 12.00 M 20. Sarita Vihar Drain 8.00 M 21. Drain at LPG Bottling Plant 0.80 M 22. Drain near Sarita Vihar Bridge 4.00 M

Total 83.43

Cross section modification cost = ~ 0.12 Crores / Km (in addition to treatment cost)For 400 km total length of these drains, the cost for cross section modification, as per above rate – Rs. 48 crore, Grand total – Rs. 131.43 crore, (say Rs. 132 crore)

Table 18.5: Investment Options-Storm Water Drainage System (2021)





RS IN CRORE A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM i) Comprehensive study and GIS based drainage mapping and planning for all drainage systems within the NCT of Delhi

10 - - 10

B. SHORT IMPROVEMENT MEASURES i) Remodeling of drains having outfall into Yamuna

42 40 40 122

ii) Provision of outfall treatment plants at outfall drains-15 Nos.

15 - - 15

iii) Repair and Desilting of Drainage Network-2100km

20 12 20 52

iv) Provision of Pump houses in low lying areas with power backup

5 5 5 15

v) Augmentation of storm water drainage 40 48 40 128

C. REVIVAL AND MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK i) Revival and landscaping of major drains (on the line of South Delhi Greenways project)

54 78 - 132

ii) Design of Check dams and depressions for Ground Water Recharge

20 10 10 40

iii) Pilot project on Sub 25 10 10 45



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RS IN CRORE wells to be developed under flyover for trapping rainwater

TOTAL 231 203 125 559

18.2.5 Solid Waste Management

The strategy for reducing land requirement, improvement in service delivery and environment would be: (i) maximize waste processing with appropriate and proven technologies; (ii) The existing composting facilities may be re-engineered, revitalized and capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support to process 1075 tons per day; (iii) Closure, capping and landscaping of existing dump-sites along with a plan for disposal of waste during the intermittent period before new sanitary landfills are commissioned and actually operated and (iv) New facilities of waste processing including composting of 1500 TPD and other processing technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed (for example, dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived fuel). The strategy wise projects to provide for better waste management are presented in Table 18.6.

Table 18.6: Investment Options-Solid Waste Management System (2021)





RS IN CRORE A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS IN DELHI (i) Revival & Reengineering of Compost Plants at Okhla with New Plant; Machinery and Equipment (MCD+NDMC)

14 - 20 34

(ii) Bhalsawa & Tikri Khurd Compost Plant-Additional 3 hectare land required and complete renewal of the compost pad area and augmentation of Plant and Machinery (MCD+APMC)

9 - 20 29

B. CLOUSURE, CAPPING AND LANDSCAPING OF EXISTING LANDFILLS (i) Re-grading, Closure, Capping, LFG extraction and Collection, Peripheral drain, internal roads, landscaping etc-Okhla,

109 - - 109



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RS IN CRORE Ghazipur and Bhalsawa C. PROPOSED WASTE PROCESSING FACILITIES (i) 2000 TPD C&D Waste processing plant at Ghumman Hera and Burari

25 10 30 65

(ii) Compost Plant of 1500 TPD at Ghumman Hera, Narela-Bawana

43 10 50 103

(iii) Waste to Energy plant at Okhla and Timarpur

100 20 100 220

D. PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL SITES (i) Development of Landfill sites at Jaitpur, Narela-Bawana and Bhatti Mines-138 Hectare

272 208 200 680

E. OTHER PROJECTS (i) Mechanical Street Sweeper-10 Nos 7 3 7- 17

(ii) IEC awareness programme 5 5 5 15

(iii) Training of Staff and Workers (52000) as part of Training of Trainers programme

5 5 5 15

(iv) Pilot Projects for Ragpickers for making them function in organized manner in Old City area; North Campus, East Delhi; West Delhi and South Delhi-17 Nos

3 3 3 9

(v) Study for Quantification and Development of management model for E-waste in City

1 - - 1

vi) Pilot project for processing and disposal of e-waste

0 25 0 25

TOTAL 593 289 440 1322 18.2.6 Heritage and Conservation

The strategies for conservation of urban heritage involve (i) development of an information management system; (ii) capacity building and provision of technical support for conservation; (iii) area level conservation, revitalization and regeneration and (iv) heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation and (v)



18-11

heritage tourism. The projects needs to be implemented for improvement of city drainage system are presented in Table 18.7.

Table 18.7: Investment Options-Heritage and Conservation (2021)





Rs in Crore A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (i) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage Information System integrated with overall land information management system.

20 2 2 24

(ii) Capacity Building of employees of the departments involved in heritage conservation

1 2 2 5

(iii) Provision for recording excavated remains and removal of artifacts to museums

2 2 2 6

B) ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRE (i) Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage buildings as well as buildings located within designated heritage zones- Mehrauli and Shahjehanabad

10 2 2 14

(ii) Ensuring Technical Support for conservation required for at area level

1 - - 1

C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS (i) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and heritage management plan- Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli; Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj (Development of heritage area)

17 30 8 55

(ii) Community based Heritage Management 37 53 15 105



18-12





Rs in Crore Plans for the Dargahs/ traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi (Development of heritage area) (iii) Upgradation of open space structure along with urban landscape of the walled city (Regeneration of old inner city area)

25 15 5 45

(iv) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic components of the city with the Metro Stations (Regeneration of old inner city area).

20 10 - 30

(v) Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station

2 - - 2

(vi a. Guidelines for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj (

2 - - 2

(vi) b. Revitalization of surroundings of Jama Masjid)

234 - - 234

(vii)Restoration of Town hall and preparation of comprehensive heritage plan

6 - - 6

(viii) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated heritage zones and precincts (Regeneration of old inner city area)

45 25 25 95

(ix) Revitalization of inner (Old) city area 40 300 100 440

D) ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict ‘havelis’, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of

35 15 5 55



18-13





Rs in Crore heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and ‘shikargahs’ in rural villages for provision of essential community facilities (ii) Retrofitting of services and rationalisation of space utilisation in heritage buildings currently used for community purposes

8 8 5 21

D) REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS (i) Development of thematic heritage tourism circuits as an integrated network with signage systems, heritage site linked interpretation centres/ site museums, tourist facilities, low speed circuit transport for tourists – battery buses, bicycle tracks

60 10 10 80

(ii) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings including Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi

12 7 7 26

(iii) Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children to form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi – linked with curriculum of Delhi schools

3 1 1 5

(iv) Adaptive reuse of heritage hotel at Kashmiri Gate

2 - - 2

TOTAL 582 482 199 1263 18.2.7 Urban Environment

Broad strategies include (i) outreach and capacity building, (ii) enhancement of forests and green cover and (iii) mitigation of air, water, and noise pollution.



18-14

The best management practices for environment management in city are presented in Table 18.8.

Table 18.8: Investment Options- Urban Environment (2021)





RS IN CRORE A Outreach and Capacity Building i) Create awareness for water conservation and the techniques, training programmes for the RWAs, display & promotional material & schools, hospitals, change institutions.

16 17.6 19.2 52.8

B. Forest & Green Cover i) South Delhi Greenway Project 227 40 10 277

ii) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city. To include a complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna

0.7 1 1.5 3.2

(iii) Protection of Delhi ridge including restoration of ecology and for demarcation of bunds.

5 1 1 7

iv) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city including forest and vegetation cover, land use pattern, water bodies and others

2 0.8 1 3.8

C. Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 9 web linked continuous air quality monitoring stations

15 2 10 27

ii) Action projects of the Master Plan for Dhobighats Sudhar Yojna under the YAP II. Creating alternate better infrastructure for the dhobis, treatment facility for the waste water and drainage in to the river

50 10 - 60

iii) Action projects for the collection, transport and treatment of the dairy waste under the YAP II.

50 15 - 65



18-15





RS IN CRORE This would include installation of treatment plants, methane generation plants and drainage system for the dairy waste iv) Upgradation of the crematoria in the city to make them environmentally better (air pollution treatment equipment). Master plans under the YAP II to be implemented

10 - - 10

v) River Front Development including walkways, recreation facilities, kiosks, water sports etc

50 40 5 95

vi) Installation of 2 water quality stations for monitoring and gauging.

5 - - 5

TOTAL 430.7 127.4 47.7 605.8 18.2.8 Urban Governance

Projects related to urban governance mainly involve development of management information system and capacity building of urban local bodies and parastatal departments. The investment options to strengthen the monitoring mechanism are presented in Table 18.9. Table 18.9: Investment Options-Urban Governance (2021)





Rs in Crore (i) Development of GIS/MIS based database system for Land and Building Records

5 - - 5

(ii) Development of E-governance for various services of ULBs

1 - - 1

(iii) Capacity building of the MCD and Parastatal departments

3 - - 3

TOTAL 9 - - 9



18-16

18.2.9 Other Development Projects The other development projects are decentralization of trade fair from core city area and redevelopment of low density government housing estates. The projects details are presented below.

Table 18.10: Investment Options-Urban Environment (2021)





Rs in Crore (i) Development of Trade Centres in North-East and West of City-2 Nos

15 - - 15

(ii) Study for Identification and Development options in Government Land in Core City area-5 Nos

5 - - 5

TOTAL 20 - - 20

Sub-Mission-2: Basic Services and Poor

18.2.10 Urban Slums and Poor The strategy for slum up gradation & improvement involves (i) In-situ redevelopment at existing JJ clusters and Slums; (ii) Development of serviced plots; (iii) development of night shelters; (iv) infrastructure up gradation in 44 resettlement colonies; (v) provision of housing on an on-going basis for urban poor and (vi) in-situ reconstruction of Katras. Table below presents the short term, medium term and long term investments for Slum Improvement and up gradation.





Rs in Crore A) IN-SITU REDEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS (i) In situ redevelopment of Slums- providing water supply, road network, drainage and Housing etc.

783 950 - 1733

(ii) Upgradation of Street Lighting system

300 - 300

(iv) Construction of Community Toilets-1200 Nos.

17 6 6 29

(v) Development of Site for Transit Camps-10 Nos

80 80



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Rs in Crore B. DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICED PLOT AT RELOCATION SITES (i) Relocation of 5000 JJ Units 30 - - 30

(ii) Development of Relocation Sites at Kanjhawala, Ghogha and Bapraula

217 - - 217

(iii) Development of plots at Savda Gevra-20000JJ

250 250

C. DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS (i) Development of Night Shelters in Walled City area and Industrial Complexes-5 Nos

15 - - 15

D. INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION IN RESETTLEMENT SITES & COLONIES (i) Infrastructure up gradation in resettlement colonies

85 270 270 625

(ii) Infrastructure upgradation of 11 exisiting relocation sites

239 - - 239

(iii) Revival Plan for Community Work Centres (22383 m2)

30 - - 30

(iv) Civic amenities like Community halls

200 - - 200

D. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR URBAN POOR (i) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Rohini-1770 DUs

50 - - 50

(ii) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Dwarka-2550 DUs

73 - - 73

(iii) Construction of 13510 EWS houses at village Siraspur and Sector-26, Rohini

400 - - 400

(iv) Worker Housing with cost effective technologies at Narela, Bhorgarh and Bawana

101 - - 101

(v) Housing for Urban Poor through development of EWS Housing

750 1000 1200 2950



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Rs in Crore (vi) Rehabilitation & resettlement of slum dwellers at Narela Phase II and Rohini

710 - - 710

D. IN-SITU RECONSTRUCTION OF KATRAS (i) Reconstruction of Katras in old city areas

70 200 270 540

TOTAL COST in Rs Crore 4400 2426 1746 8572

18.3 SUMMARY OF COSTS

The total investment under JNNURM is Rs 24140 Crore. The investment for Sub-Mission-1 is Rs 19740 Crore and Sub-Mission-2 is Rs 4400 Crore. The details of sector wise investment are presented below.

Short Term Investments

(2007-12)


Long Term Investments

(2017-21) Grand Total

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE


Water Supply 1632 130 122 1884

Sewerage System 2755 1435 1435 5625

Road Network and Transport 13487 10629 9190 33306

Storm Water Drainage 231 203 125 559

Solid Waste Management 593 289 440 1322

Urban Heritage 582 482 199 1263

Urban Environment 431 127 48 606

Urban Governance 9 0 0 9

Other Projects 20 0 0 20

Sub-Total 19740 13295 11559 44594 SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Slum and Housing 4400 2426 1746 8572

Total 24140 15721 13305 53166

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 19 : Project & Capital Investment Plan

Chapter – 19 Project & Capital Investment Plan


19-1

CHAPTER - 19 PROJECT AND CAPITAL

INVESTMENT PLAN 19.1 INTRODUCTION

This section identifies projects proposed in specific sectors, based upon the strategies that have been outlined in the previous section. The project identification and capital investment plan have been prepared for sectors as per the sub-missions of JNNURM. The sectors covered in Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance are (i) Water Supply; (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation; (iii) Storm Water Drainage; (iv) Road Network and Transport Projects; (v) Solid Waste Management Projects; (vi) Redevelopment of Core City Area; (vii) Heritage Conservation and (viii) Urban Governance; and Sub-Mission-2: Basic Services to Urban Poor are (i) Housing; (ii) Basic Services and (iii) Other related civic amenities The implementing authorities for projects in NCTD area are Municipal Corporation Delhi (MCD); New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC); Delhi Jal Board (DJB); Public Works Department (PWD); Delhi Development Authority (DDA); Urban Development Department (UDD) and Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC). In order to optimize life cycle costs, private sector efficiencies can be inducted in development, management, implementation and financing of projects, through PPP arrangements where appropriate. Sector wise projects will be categorized as (i) Financially viable Projects: These projects can undertaken entirely by the private sector (ii) Projects which are financially viable, with government support such as annuity projects and (iii) projects which are financially unviable and require to be taken up directly by government.

SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE 19.2 WATER SUPPLY

DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for procurement, treatment, transportation and distribution of water in the MCD areas. It also supplies bulk water to the NDMC, and Delhi Cantonment Board.

19.2.1 Summary of strategies

The strategies identified, in order of priority are:

i) Reduction of transmission & distribution losses, and enhancement of management of water supply;

ii) Augmentation of water supply and distribution network iii) Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost

recovery mechanism.



19-2

(A) REDUCTION OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES Projects identified are listed below

(a) Revamping, up-gradation and Extension of Internal Network: The

revamping and upgradation of internal distribution will reduce the T&D loss and to have equitable distribution of water in each zone.

(b) Interlinking of Supply System: Interlinking of Western Jamuna Canal

(WJC) with Wazirabad pond by laying 2000mm diameter pipeline for supply of raw water from WJC to Wazirabad pond.

(c) Development of Monitoring System: In order to monitor water quantity

and quality, installation of Zonal level water meters, chlorination and up-gradation of water testing labs have been proposed; as well as various monitoring & leak detection studies.

(B) AUGMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Projects have been proposed to provide water supply to urban villages, peripheral areas of the city, JJ clusters, unauthorized areas and new developments; as well as to augment the quantum of water available to the city. (a) Water Treatment Plant: It is proposed to construct one 31MGD iron

removal plant at Palla (to improve water quality), 20MGD Water treatment plant at Okhla, and 40MGD water treatment plant at Dwarka. Moreover it is also proposed to construct recycling plant of 8MGD each at Chadrawal, Wazirabad Haiderpur and Bawana. The population serviced by these treatment plants is 3.2 million spread over an area of 55km2.

(b) Upgradation of Water Works: The project for up gradation of water

works at Chandrawal, Wazirabad and Bawana. The existing capacity of these water works are 90 MGD; 120 MGD & 40 MGD respectively. The capacities of these water works are to be increased by 20 to 30 MGD to cover additional 0.35 millon population.

(c) Construction of Tube wells: 21 high yield tube wells are to be drilled in

flood plain area of river Yamuna. Although ground water is residing down, the tube wells in these area has minimum impact on the ground water due to its location in the flood plain at palla.

(d) Construction & Connection of UGR/BPS: In order to improve the

distribution system in city, the construction of UGR/BPS and connecting them with transmission network has been proposed.

(e) Exploration of Raw Water Resources: The water resources are to be

explored to augment the water supply system to fulfill the water demand in future.



19-3

(C) PROMOTION OF EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND STRENGTHENING OF COST RECOVERY MECHANISM

Projects proposed include

(a) Revamping DJB Customer Care Services: Procurement and Installation of

system software for billing and customer information.

Agencies Responsible for Rs

Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment

O&M Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE A) REDUCE TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LOSSES (i) Revamping and upgradation of internal water distribution network and pumping stations

75 25 25 25 - - DJB DJB

(ii) Coverage of new colonies in outer areas of city

25 10 10 5 - - DJB DJB

(iii) Interlinking of WJC with Wazirabad pond Laying of 2000 mm dia pipeline for supply of raw from WJC to Wazirabad pond

187 50 50 50 37 - DJB DJB

(iv) Supply and Installation of Bulk Meters

30 15 10 5 - - DJB DJB

(v) Modernization and up gradation of Laboratory 20 10 10 - - - DJB DJB

(viii) Leak Detection Study 1.0 0.5 0.5 - - -

(ix) Energy Efficiency Study 2.0 1 1 - - -

DJB DJB

B) AUGUMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY FROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD (i) Construction of New Water Treatment Plants (a) 31 MGD Iron removal Plan (b) 20 MGD WTP at Okhla (c) 40 MGD WTP at Dwarka

696 250 250 116 50 30 DJB DJB

(ii) Construction of 21 Nos. High Yield Tube wells in flood plain area of river Yamuna

1 0.5 0.5 - - - DJB DJB

(iii) Upgradation of Water Works- chandrawal 35 20 10 5 - - DJB DJB

(iv) Construction of UGRs/BPS in Various Part of Delhi

250 50 50 50 50 50 DJB DJB

(v) Construction of 8MGD recycling plants Chandrawal, Wazirabad,

20 20 - - - - DJB DJB



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Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment


RS IN CRORE Haiderpur and Bhagirathi (vi) To Connect UGR with Plants transmission lines of varying size-250kms

200 50 50 50 30 20 DJB DJB

(vii) Construction of 1 MGD WTP at common wealth games village along with arrangement of raw water

20 10 10 - - - DJB DJB

(vii) Exploration of Raw Water Resources 50 15 15 20 - - DJB DJB

C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND COST RECOVERY MECHANISM (i) Revamping DJB Customer Care Services- Procurement and Installation of system software for billing and customer information

20 8 8 4 - - DJB DJB

GRAND TOTAL IN Rs CRORE 1632.0 535.0 500.0 330 167 100

The O&M cost due to the new investment is estimated at Rs. 446.7.00 Crore. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is the authority responsible for O&M of water supply system.

Total O&M Cost @ 10% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE

A) AUGUMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLYFROM 790 MGD TO 919 MGD 343.05 0 41.55 80.1 104.2 117.2

B) REDUCE TRANSMISSION &DISTRIBUTION LOSSES 97.25 0 11.15 21.8 30.3 34

C) EFFICIENCY IN SERVICE DELIVERY ANDCOST RECOVERY MECHANISM 6.4 0 0.8 1.6 2 2

TOTAL 446.7 0 53.5 103.5 136.5 153.2



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19.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM

DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater. Projects which effectively resolve the present drawbacks of the system have been taken up on a priority basis.

19.3.1 Summary of Strategies

Strategies identified, in order of priority are given below:

i) Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage- abatement of pollution.

ii) Provision of sewer network in un-sewered areas.

iii) Augmentation of sewage treatment capacity

(i) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK

These projects aim to revamp and upgrade the existing sewer network. These include providing sanitation to uncovered areas of the city. The projects covered as part of extension and up-gradation of sewerage network are:

(a) Revamping and Rehabilitation of Trunk & Internal Sewerage Network:

In order to improve the sewage collection and disposal system in already sewered area, it has been proposed to revamp and upgrade (including replacement) about 650km of internal sewer network; and rehabilitate 150km of trunk sewer network in walled city area, north & west districts of city (excluding sewer under YAP-II). This latter component will include the procurement of suction and jetting machines, CCTV etc. to ensure adequate maintenance (if maintenance is not to be out-sourced)

(b) Refurbishment of Sewage Pumping Stations: The refurbishment of

existing sewage pumping stations (SPS) will aim at optimal functioning of these plants.

(ii) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UN-SEWERED AREAS

Projects included are

(a) Laying of Sewer Network in Uncovered Areas: The provision of 250km of trunk sewer network in uncovered area and laying of sewer network in 169+39 villages & 1513 unauthorized/regularized colonies to improve the sanitation system in these areas.

(b) Construction of new sewage pumping stations: These will allow

diversion of sewage from uncovered areas to the appropriate STP, for optimal utilisation of the STP’s. These are proposed at Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi extn, Preet vihar, Yamuna vihar and Jivan Vihar

(iii) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPACITY

Projects proposed include



19-6

(a) Construction of STPs along intercepting sewers: Total estimated project cost is 700 Crores

(b) Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations: These will upgrade

sanitation facilities in low lying areas. The cost of constructing the SPS’s is Rs. 150 Crore

(c) Laying of Intercepting Trunk Sewers along Three Main Drains:

Consideration of this proposal is subject to the recommendations of the consultant due to be appointed to advice on this issue. Cost allocated is Rs. 500 Crore in the first phase.

Agencies

Responsible for Rs Crore

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment

O&M Strategy / Project

RS IN CRORE A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OF SEWERAGE NETWORK FOR INTERCEPTING SEWAGE TO CONVEY TO STPS-POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION (i) Revamping and up gradation of internal sewerage network including replacement of Old Sewer line

125 75 50 - - - DJB DJB

(ii) Refurbishment of Sewage Pumping Stations- 6Nos

20 20 - - - - DJB DJB

(iii) Rehabilitation of Trunk Sewers in walled city area, north and west districts excluding trunk sewer under YAP-II

450 100 100 150 50 50 DJB DJB

B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK IN UN-SEWERED AREAS (i) Provision of Sewer in left out portion of colonies and rural villages

120 20 50 30 20 - DJB DJB

(ii) Laying of 250 km of trunk sewer network to cater to uncovered area (U?A regularized colonies)

75 30 30 15 - - DJB DJB

(iii) Provision of Sewerage Network in 30 urban villages

45 10 20 15 - - DJB DJB

(iv) Provision of Sewerage Network in Unauthorized colonies

400 75 50 50 100 125 DJB DJB

(v) Diverting the sewer from uncovered area by constructing Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) Punjabi Bagh, Nangloi extn, Preet vihar, Yamuna vihar and Jivan vihar, Raja Garden

100 25 50 25 - - DJB DJB



19-7


Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment

O&M Strategy / Project

RS IN CRORE (vi) Laying of trunk sewers 70 25 25 20 - - DJB DJB

C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT CAPACITY (i) Construction of new STPs 700 75 100 150 250 125 DJB DJB

(ii) Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations 150 50 50 50 - - DJB DJB

(iii) Laying of Trunk and interceptor Sewers along main drains

500 100 150 100 75 75 DJB DJB

TOTAL COST 2755 605 675 605 495 375 DJB DJB

The O&M cost due to the new investment is Rs. 615 Crore. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) will be the authority responsible for O&M of the augmented sewerage system.

Total O&M Cost @ 10% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE A) EXTENSION AND UPGRADATION OFSEWERAGE NETWORK FORINTERCEPTING SEWAGE

158 0 19.5 34.5 49.5 54.5

B) PROVISION OF SEWER NETWORK INUN-SEWERED AREAS 184.5 0 18.5 41.0 56.5 68.5

C) AUGMENTATION OF SEWAGETREATMENT CAPACITY 272.5 0 22.5 52.5 82.5 115.0

TOTAL 615 0 60.5 128.0 188.5 238.0

19.4 ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

PWD, MCD, NDMC, DTTDC, DMRC, State Transport Authority and Delhi Development Authority are the main agencies responsible for construction, maintenance and improvement of road network and operation of the transport system in city. Road projects, which can resolve the current drawbacks of the system with minimum investment, are taken up as priority projects. The projects prepared for improving transport situation in city are presented below:


Projects have been identified based on strategies as given below (in order of priority)

i. Provision of safe and efficient public transport system

ii. Encouraging the use of non-motorised modes of passenger transport



19-8

iii. Equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians

iv. Efficient use of existing infrastructure – removal of impediments – including

enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities

v. Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas

vi. Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional

needs

vii. Enhancement of Road Infrastructure

viii. Awareness and enforcement drives (i) PROVISION OF SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM

The goal is to augment the share of trips of public transport from the current 60 percent to 80 percent. This is proposed to be done through an integrated multi-modal system of public transport. The projects proposed include

(a) Developing a light Rail Transport System: Estimated project cost is Rs.

2800 Crore

(b) Developing a Monorail System: Estimated Project Cost is Rs. 2400 Crore

(c) Putting in place a High Capacity Bus System: Estimated Project Cost is Rs. 1305 Crore

The three systems are planned to operate in a complementary manner. The total project cost for this objective is Rs. 6505 Crore.

(ii) ENCOURAGING USE OF NON MOTORISED MODES OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT

These are proposed to be promoted for short distance trips along sub arterial roads, local roads and along major transport corridors near industrial nodes. Projects include (a) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local Level roads and streets

new areas and urban extensions (b) Promotion of cycle rickshaws in specific localities

(iii) PROVIDING EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO

PEDESTRIANS Projects proposed are: a) Strengthening and improvement of footpaths along major arterial roads b) Construction of foot over bridges/ subways at ten critical locations



19-9

(iv) FULL DEVELOMENT OF RIGHT OF WAY OF ROAD – REMOVAL OF IMPEDIMENTS AND MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREAS

Present transport system of Delhi is road based and the available infrastructure should be optimally utilized to ease the traffic on the roads in Delhi. Moreover, proper management and regulation of parking spaces especially in the commercial centers can help in better utilization of facilities. To overcome the current shortfall in parking, there is also a need for developing new parking facilities using appropriate advanced technologies in busy commercial areas as well as residential areas. Projects proposed under this strategy include: (a) Traffic Management and Area Traffic Control schemes at all Grade

Separators and prominent commercial areas (b) Improvement of road corridors spread over Delhi – 251.40 km. (c) Improvement of ten major entry points of Delhi (d) Construction of Multi-Level Parking in Delhi at 12 sites (e) Parking management & Regulation at 10 prominent locations (f) Construction of underground parking in residential areas: It is proposed

to identify community areas, or open spaces that can accommodate underground parking and develop these facilities in order to decongest residential roads. Moreover, a framework for the levy of parking charges on residential roads must be developed, and the same implemented.

(v) SPECIAL SCHEMES FOR REDEVELOPMENT OF CONNAUGHT PLACE AND WALLED CITY AREAS

These include (a) Improvement of Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk,

Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations (b) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including parking

below inner circle (c) Pedestrianisation (partial) of Chandni Chowk Area with heritage

considerations (d) Developing Underground Parking at Connaught Place, Super Bazar,

Mayur bhawan, Shivaji Terminal as part of redevelopment of Connaught Place

(vi) DEVELOPING PASSENGER & GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS



19-10

The main objective of these proposals is to decentralize facilities for good’s and passenger movement, in order to relieve the load on the city network. Projects proposed are (a) Development of Interstate Bus Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka, Holambi

Kalan and Tikri Kalan

(b) Integrated Freight Complex at Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur and Narela (viii) ENHANCEMENT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

To accommodate the additional demand for road space, there may be a need to construct elevated roads in the existing right of way along the major corridors of movement. The requirement for this should be ascertained after the impact of other proposals have been evaluated (using GIS based tools for traffic modeling). Efforts, however, are required to enhance existing infrastructure in terms of improvement of major intersections. Project proposals include: (a) East-West Corridor from Rajghat to Panjabi Bagh-12km (b) North-South Corridor from Majnu ka tila to Daula Kaun-15km (c) Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to Outer Ring Road along Disused Western

Yamuna Canal (d) Sarita Vihar Intersection on Mathura Road to Okhla industrial Areas (e) Elevated ring road of 68.5km, with 50.5km along ring road and 18km are link roads. These are 2 lane dual carriageway with 5km at grade and 45.5km elevated corridor.

(ix) CREATING AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE The magnitude of traffic in Delhi calls for creating enhanced awareness about traffic and transport systems by running special programs; creating a traffic management data base and imparting training to road users on a periodic basis. The project cost for this objective is Rs. 16 Crore.

Agencies Responsible

for Rs in Crore

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment O&M Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE A. SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM i) Developing Light Rail Transport System – 74 km 2800 560 560 740 470 470 DIMTS DIMTS

ii) Developing Monorail System – 48 km 2400 480 480 720 360 360 DIMTS DIMTS

iii) High Capacity Bus System –294 km. 1305 265 260 390 195 195 DIMTS DIMTS

B. DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER AND GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS



19-11

Agencies Responsiblefor Rs in

Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-

12 Capital Investment O&M

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE i) Development of Interstate Bus Terminus at Bhartal, Dwarka, Holambi Kalan and Tikri Kalan

50 5 15 15 10 5 PWD DTC

ii) Integrated Freight Complex at Madanpur Khadar, Gazipur and Narela

50 10 20 10 5 5 PWD MCD

C. DEVELOP NEW LINK ROADS AND BRIDGES AS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES i) East-West Corridor from Rajghat to Panjabi Bagh-12km

120 20 30 30 20 20 PWD PWD

ii) North-South Corridor from Majnu ka tila to Daula Kaun-15km

125 25 30 30 20 20 PWD PWD

iii) Prem Bari Pul (Pritampura) to Outer Ring Road along Disused Western Yammuna Canal

30 10 10 10 - - PWD PWD

iv) Sarita Vihar Intersection on Mathura Road to Okhla industrial Areas

30 10 10 10 - - PWD PWD

v) Development of elevated ring road 300 - 100 100 75 25 PWD/PVT PWD

vi) Elevated section over Outer Ring road- NH 1 ( Mukerba Chowk) to wazirabad 7.5 Km.

200 25 50 50 50 25 PWD PWD

vii) Outer Ring Road Link from Okhla to Wazirabad – 13 km.

200 - 50 50 50 50 PWD PWD

viii) Missing Link of Outer Ring Road from NH 8 to Janakpuri through Cantonement Area – 13Km.

200 - 50 75 50 25 PWD PWD

ix) Wazirabad Signature Bridge over river Yamuna 464 164 150 150 - - PWD PWD

x) Geeta Colony Bridge over river Yamuna 125 125 - - - - PWD PWD

xi) Master plan road over disused Canal between Shastri Park and Karkari More

120 120 - - - - PWD PWD

xii) Ring road bypass from Salim Garh Fort to Velodrome road

100 - 20 20 40 20 PWD PWD

xiii) Link road from NH 24 to Lodhi road ( Tunnel Bypass )

60 - 15 15 15 15 PWD PWD

D. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD i) Traffic Management and Area Traffic Control schemes at all Grade Separators and prominent commercial areas

50 10 20 20 - - MCD MCD

ii) Improvement of road 500 100 150 150 50 50 MCD MCD



19-12


Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-


Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE corridors spread over Delhi. iii ) Corridor improvement plan for Mehrauli Gurgaon Road (connecting Andheri Morh to Delhi-Haryana Border)

174 24 50 50 25 25 MCD MCD

iv) Beautification of roads for Commonwealth Games

750 150 300 300 - - PWD PWD

v) Flyover at Mukerba Chowk 195 50 100 45 - - PWD PWD

vi) Grade Seperator at Azadpur 154 34 60 60 - - PWD PWD

vii) Three Flyovers between IIT & NH 8 on Outer Ring Road

247 47 100 100 - - PWD PWD

viii) Flyover at Naraina 125 35 50 40 - - PWD PWD ix) Bridge over Neela Hauz ( Aruna Asaf Ali Marg

47 17 20 10 - - PWD PWD

x) Flyover at Mangolpuri Chowk on Outer Ring Road

31 11 10 10 - - PWD PWD

xi) Behera Enclave underpass on Outer Ring Road

55 15 20 20 - - PWD PWD

xii) Flyover at Nagloi on NH 10 78 18 30 30 - - PWD PWD

xiii) ITO Chungi – 4 no.’s cloverleaves and underpass

74 24 25 25 - - PWD PWD

xiv) RUB connecting road no. 58 and 64 32 12 10 10 - - PWD PWD

xv) Grade Separator at Shastri Park 65 15 25 25 - - PWD PWD

xvi) Flyover at Apsara border on G.T.Road 88.5 28.5 30 30 - - PWD PWD

xvii) Grade Separator at intersection of Raja Ram Kohli Marg & Pusta Road

97 27 40 30 - - PWD PWD

xviii) Grade separator at Shastri Park Pushta Road Intersection

83 23 30 30 - - PWD PWD

xix) Flyover on Road no 56 ( ISBT Anand Vihar ) & NH 24 ( Gazipur drain )

150 30 60 60 - - PWD PWD

xx) ROB on Road No. 63 level crossing 34 34 - - - - PWD PWD

xxi) UP link road clover leaf 200 50 75 75 - - PWD PWD

xxii) ROB at G.T.Road near Shyam Lal College 85 25 30 30 - - PWD PWD

xxiii) BSZ – DDU – I.P.Marg Flyover 100 20 40 40 - - PWD PWD

Xxiv) Grade separator along Rani Jhansi Road between Baraf Khana Chowk and Bara Hindu Rao Chowk

178 28 50 50 25 25 MCD MCD



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Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-


Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE xxv) ROB at Samaipur Badli Level Crossing on Auchandi Road

40 10 15 15 - - MCD MCD

xxvi) Construction of flyovers/under bridges at various level crossing sites.

250 50 75 75 25 25 MCD MCD

E. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA i) Construction of Multi-Level Parking in Delhi at 12 sites

100 10 20 20 25 25 MCD MCD

ii)Parking management & Regulation at 10 prominent locations

15 10 5 - - - MCD MCD

iii) Construction of underground parking in residential areas

50 10 10 10 10 10 MCD MCD

F. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS

i) Strenthening and improvement of footpaths along major arterial roads

100 20 30 30 10 10 MCD MCD

ii)Construction of foot over bridges/ subways at ten critical locations

10 5 5 - - - MCD MCD

iii) Modernisation of Street lighting

125 25 60 40 - - PWD PWD

G. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA

i) Improvement Major intersections like Ajmeri Gate, Fountain Chowk, Kaudia Pal, Khari Baoli etc. at 15 locations

3 1 1 1 - - MCD MCD

ii) Pedestrianisation of inner circle in Connaught Place including parking below inner circle

20 8 8 4 - - NDMC NDMC

iii) Pedestrianisation ( partial ) Chowk Area with heritage considerations

10 2 2 4 2 - MCD MCD

iv) Provisions of subways at nine locations in outer circle of Connaught Place

18 5 5 8 - - NDMC NDMC

v) Developing Underground Parking at Connaught Place, Super Bazar, Mayur bhawan, Shivaji Terminal as part of redevelopment of Connaught Place

50 - 5 10 20 15 NDMC NDMC

vi) Corridor improvement of S.P Mukherjee Marg 75 20 30 25 - - MCD MCD

vii) Traffic management plan for areas around proposed Civic Center near Minto Road

188 35 50 50 25 28 MCD MCD

H. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER TRANSPORT (Including cycles and cycle rickshaws)



19-14


Crore 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-


Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE i) Provision of Cycle Tracks at Sub-Arterial & Local Level roads and streets new areas and urban extensions

15 5 5 5 - - MCD MCD

Ii Road improvements for use of cycle rickshaw in Karol Bagh/Lajpat Nagar and Trans Yammuna Area

30 10 10 10 - - MCD MCD

iii) Devpment of Cycle Tracks in along major transport corridor near industrial nodes at seven routes

100 10 20 20 30 20 MCD MCD

I. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE i)Public awareness and enforcement drive

3 1 1 1 - - TRAFFIC POLICE

TRFFIC POLICE

ii)User Information System for transport systems

10 1 1 2 3 3 STA STA

iii)Registration and Training of Transport Operators/drivers

3 1 1 1 - - STA STA

TOTAL 13486.5 2885.5 3534 3986 1610 147

1

The total estimated O&M cost for transport related projects is Rs 3173 crore. The O&M borne by private operators is Rs 1218.5 Crore. The details of the O&M costs are presented in table below.

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Strategy/Project Total O&M

Cost @ 10% RS IN CRORE

A. SAFE AND EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Government 692 0 65 130 223 274

Private 692 0 65 130 223 274

B. DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER AND GOODS TERMINALS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL NEEDS

Government 12 0 1 3 4 5

Private 12 0 1 3 4 5

C. DEVELOP URBAN RELIEF ROADS AS ALTERNATIVE LINK ROADS

Government 62.0 0 7.0 12.3 18.8 24.0

Private 432.1 0.0 42.9 89.2 136.7 163.4



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D. FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ROW OF ROAD

Government 991.7 0.0 83.1 216.1 340.6 351.9

Private 66.4 0.0 5.7 14.2 22.7 23.9

E. MANAGEMENT AND CREATION OF NEW PARKING AREA

Government 16.0 0.0 1.5 3.3 4.8 6.5

Private 16.0 0.0 1.5 3.3 4.8 6.5

F. PROVIDE EQUITABLE USE OF SPACE ON ROAD AND PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIANS

Government 63.5 0.0 5.0 14.5 21.5 22.5

G. PREPARE SPECIAL INTEGRATED SCHEMES FOR MOVEMENT IN CP AND OLD CITY AREA

Government 83.8 0.0 7.1 17.2 27.4 32.1

H. ENCOURAGE USE OF INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND NON-MOTORISED PASSENGER TRANSPORT(Including cycles and cycle rickshaws)

Government 30.5 0.0 2.5 6.0 9.5 12.5

I. CREATE AWARENESS AND ENFORCEMENT DRIVE

Government 3.2 0.0 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.3

TOTAL O&M 3172.6 0.0 288.6 642.0 1040.6 1201.6

19.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PWD, MCD and Irrigation & Flood Control Department are the agencies responsible for construction, maintenance and improvement of drainage system in city. The drainage projects, which can resolve the present drawbacks, are presented below:

19.5.1 Project Summary

The projects identified under various strategies for improvement of city drainage system are (i) Comprehensive Study of Drainage System; (ii) Short term improvement measures and (iii) Revival of Major Drainage Network.

(i) COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM

To prepare a comprehensive drainage plan of the city, integration of total station & satellite imagery with 1m contour interval is required. The cost of preparation of comprehensive drainage plan is Rs 10 Crore.



19-16

(ii) SHORT TERM IMPROVEMENT MEASURES

The short term improvement measures involve desilting of drainage network; provision of pump houses in low lying areas with power back-up and provision of treatment plants at outfall drains.

(iii) REVIVAL OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK

The revival of major drains involves improvement and landscaping of- (A) Najafgarh Drain; Mungeshpur Drain & Palam Drain in Najafgarh basin; (B) Mungeshpur drain, Karari Suleman nagar Drain & Nangloi drain in Kanjhawala basin; (C) Bawana Escape drain, Drain no-6, Burari Check & Drain and Wazirpur complex drain in Alipur Basin; (D) Gokulpur Drain, Balbir Nagar Drain, GT road drain, Patparganj drain, Radheypuri Drain, Laxmi Nagar Drain, Vinod Nagar Drain and Shakarpur Drain in Shahdara Drainage Basin. The major drains in Mehrauli basin are Tuglakabad, Madanpur Khadar, Jaitpur and Chirag Delhi Drain. The Cost of revival and improvement of these drains is Rs 99 Crore in the first phase.

Agencies

Responsible for Cost in Rs Crore

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment


RS IN CRORE A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM i) GIS based drainage mapping and planning

10 7 3 - - - PWD PWD

B. SHORT IMPROVEMENT MEASURES i) Remodeling of drains having outfall into Yamuna

42 13 17 8 4 - MCD MCD

ii) Provision of outfall treatment plants at outfall drains-15 Nos.

15 10 5 - - - PWD PWD

iii) Desilting of Drainage Network-2100km

20 10 10 - - - PWD PWD

iv) Provision of Pump houses in low lying areas with power backup

5 5 - - - - PWD PWD

(v) Augmentation of storm water drainage

40 12 16 8 4 - MCD MCD

C. REVIVAL OF MAJOR DRAINAGE NETWORK i) Improvement and landscaping of Major drainage channel

54 24 30 - - - PWD PWD

ii) Design of Check dams and 20 10 10 - - - PWD PWD



19-17

Agencies Responsible for Cost in

Rs Crore 2007-

08 2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment


RS IN CRORE depressions for Ground Water Recharge iii) Pilot project on Sub wells to be developed under flyover for trapping rainwater-20 Flyovers

25 5 10 10 - - PWD PWD

TOTAL 231 96 101 26 8 -

The O&M cost due to the new investment is Rs. 37.6 Crore. Public Works Department (PWD) is the authority responsible for O&M of Drainage system.

Total O&M Cost @ 5% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE

A. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OFDRAINAGE SYSTEM 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

B. SHORT IMPROVEMENTMEASURES 19.2 0.0 2.5 4.9 5.7 6.1

C. REVIVAL OF MAJORDRAINAGE NETWORK 16.5 0.0 2.0 4.5 5.0 5.0

TOTAL 37.6 0.0 4.9 9.9 11.2 11.6

19.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The MCD is the key agency in Delhi responsible for solid waste management --- including collection, transportation treatment and disposal. As mentioned earlier, the most important issue currently is to reduce the land requirement for disposal.


Theses are presented below, in order of priority:

i. Maximising effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites

ii. Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient

land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery



19-18

(i) Maximising effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites:

Projects include:

(a) Renewal of Existing Compost Plants The existing composting facilities may be re-engineered, revitalized and capacity augmented with technical inputs and marketing support to process 1075 tons per day (Table below), . It is proposed to do this within a year.

Name / site of

existing composting

facility

Existing Capacity

(TPD)

Year commissi

oned

Proposed capacity

(TPD)

Re-engineering and revival inputs required

Okhla (MCD) – closed at present 150 1981 200

Almost complete re-engineering and revival required with new plant, machinery and equipment

Okhla (NDMC) 200 1985 250

Major re-engineering and revival required with new plant, machinery and equipment, raising the level and re-surfacing of the compost yard

Bhalsawa (Private sector owned and operated)

500 1999 500

Additional 3 hectare land required, almost complete renewal of the compost pad area, augmentation of plant and machinery

Tikri Khurd 125 2001 125

Almost complete renewal of the compost pad area, augmentation of plant and machinery

(b) Proposed New Processing Facilities – for Compost, RDF and C&D Waste

New facilities of waste processing including composting, and other processing technologies to the maximum possible extent should be installed (for example, dry combustible waste can be processed as refuse derived fuel) Proposals for these are mentioned in the table below

Facility Location Capacity (TPD)

Land requirement (hectares)

Construction and demolition debris Burari 500 40.4

Construction and demolition debris Ghumman Hera 500 40.0

Compost plant Ghumman Hera 500 8.0

Compost plant Narela Bawana 1000 15.0

Waste to energy Okhla 700 6.0

Waste to energy Timarpur 700 4.0 (ii) Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient

land fill sites for disposal:



19-19

Projects include

(a) Closure, Capping and Landscaping of Existing Landfills: This will be

accompanied with a plan for disposal of waste during the intermittent period before new sanitary landfills are commissioned and actually operated. It is proposed to undertake this in the next 2 years. The inputs required are elaborated in the table below

Name / site of existing landfill

Area (hectare)

Year started

Waste received

(TPD) Inputs required

Okhla 16.20 1994 1200

Waste received from MCD and Cantonment Board; re-grading, closure, capping, LFG extraction and collection, peripheral drain, internal road, landscaping etc.

Ghazipur 29.16 1984 2000

Waste received from MCD and NDMC; re-grading, closure, capping, LFG extraction and collection, curtain wall for chicken and fish markets, peripheral drain, internal road, landscaping etc.

Bhalsawa 21.06 1993 2200

Waste received from MCD; re-grading, closure, capping, LFG extraction and collection, peripheral drain, internal road, landscaping etc.

(b) Proposed Sanitary Landfill Sites

Development of sanitary landfills at identified sites (Jaitpur, Narela Bawana and Bhatti Mines – in that order). It is proposed to make the first one operational within 2 years.

(c) Other Projects

Massive and sustained campaign encouraging people to consciously reduce waste and segregate at source to facilitate waste processing Sustained training for all the municipal staff as well as staff of any private operator involved in waste management for their capacity building and planning capability

Strategy/Project Cost in Rs Crore

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12


for



19-20

Capital Investment

O&M

RS IN CRORE A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS (i)Revival & Reengineering of Compost Plants at Okhla with New Plant; Machinery and Equipment

14 14 - - - - Govt/Pvt. Pvt.

(ii) Bhalsawa & Tikri Khurd Compost Plant-Additional 3 hectare land required and complete renewal of the compost pad area and augmentation of Plant and Machinery

9 9 - - - - Govt/Pvt. Pvt.

B. CLOUSURE, CAPPING AND LANDSCAPING OF EXISTING LANDFILLS (i) Re-grading, Closure, Capping, LFG extraction and Collection, Peripheral drain, internal roads, landscaping etc-Okhla, Ghazipur and Bhalsawa

109 55 54 - - - Pvt. Pvt.

C. PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITIES (i) 2000 TPD C&D Waste processing plant at Ghumman Hera and Burari – increase capacity

25 10 15 - - - Pvt. Pvt.

(ii) Compost Plant at Ghumman Hera, Narela-Bawana

43 20 23 - - - Pvt. Pvt.

(iii) Waste to Energy plant at Okhla and Timarpur

100 25 25 50 - - Pvt. Pvt.

D. PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL SITES (i) Development of Landfill sites at Jaitpur, Narela-Bawana and Bhatti Mines-138 Hectare

272 75 60 50 50 37 Pvt. Pvt.

E. OTHER PROJECTS (i) Mechanical Street Sweeper-10 Nos 7 7 - - - - MCD MCD

(ii) IEC awareness programme 5 1 1 1 1 1 MCD MCD

(iii) Training of Staff and Workers (52000) as part of Training of Trainers programme

5 3 2 - - - MCD MCD

(iv) Pilot Projects for Ragpickers in Old City area; North Campus, East Delhi; West Delhi

3 2 1 - - - MCD MCD



19-21


for Cost in Rs Crore

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment


RS IN CRORE and South Delhi-17 Nos

(v) Study for Quantification and Development of management model for E-waste in City

1 1 - - - - MCD MCD

(vi) Pilot project for processing & disposal of e-waste

0 - - - - -

TOTAL 593 222 181 101 51 38 The O&M cost associated with the new investment is Rs. 50.8 Crore. Around 90 per cent of O&M will be borne by the private developer.

Total O&M Cost @ 3% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE

A. RENEWAL OF EXISITING COMPOST PLANTS i) Private 2.8 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

B. CLOUSURE, CAPPING AND LANDSCAPING OF EXISTING LANDFILLS

i) Private 11.6 0.0 1.7 3.3 3.3 3.3

C. PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITIES FOR C&D WASTE

i) Private 15.2 0.0 1.7 3.5 5.0 5.0

D. PROPOSED SANITARY LANDFILL SITES

i) Private 19.0 0.0 2.3 4.1 5.6 7.1

E. OTHER PROJECTS

i) Private 2.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6

TOTAL 50.8 0.0 6.8 12.2 15.2 16.7

19.7 HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

The agencies involved in heritage conservation and management in Delhi include the ASI, State Department of Archaeology, Delhi Development Authority (DDA), MCD, NDMC, DUAC Heritage Conservation Committee, Delhi Waqf Board and NGO’s such as INTACH.




19-22

Four main strategies have been identified

i. Development of a Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of heritage concerns within the development plans – Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level and assisting implementation and monitoring processes,

ii. Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation &

Heritage Management

iii. Area Level Conservation, revitalisation and Regeneration strategies which include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse, heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community facilities, housing rehabilitation, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development

iv. Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue

generation, and awareness generation activities. (i) Development of an Information Management System

The aim is to facilitate integration of heritage management within development processes for the city and to provide a knowledge base for all agencies to ensure coordinated action on heritage.

(a) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage

Information System integrated with overall land information management system has been proposed..

(b) Capacity Building of employees of the Departments involved in Heritage

Conservation and Management: in order to enable them to use the GIS based information system effectively.

(c) Provision for salvage archaeology, recording remains excavated during

development and removal of artifacts to museums (ii) Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation &

Heritage Management

Projects include:

(a) Establishment of a Self-Sustaining Technical Support Conservation Centre: This will involve Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage buildings as well as buildings located within designated heritage zones. Moreover, establishment and maintenance of a laboratory for testing of historic materials, appropriate contemporary materials & monitoring performance of improved techniques and conservation interventions.

(b) Ensuring Technical Support for Conservation required for

participatory conservation at the area level. This will be undertaken



19-23

through training of skilled masons and craftspersons required for implementation of conservation projects.

(iii) Prioritization of Identified Heritage Zones, Precincts and Area Regeneration

Programmes

Projects include

(a) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and heritage management plan for the Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli (similar to the successful Main Street Programme) - Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj.

(b) Community based Heritage Management Plans for the Dargahs/

traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi namely (i) Qutub Sahib; (ii) Hazrat Nizamuddin; (iii) Chiragh Delhi; (iv) Ardhchini; (v) Saidulajaib and (v) Qadam Sharif.

(c) Upgradation and regeneration of open space structure along with urban

landscape of the walled city, focusing on areas such as Chandni Chowk – Ballimaran, Maliwara, Dharampur; Kashmeri Gate Chowk & Nineteenth century bazaar Hauz Qazi etc. Also proposed is the framing of guidelines for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj

(d) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic

components of the city with the Metro Stations, focusing on the Kashmiri Gate area. This would also include drawing up of a Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station

(e) Restoration of Town Hall and Preparation of a comprehensive heritage

management plan including selection of appropriate adaptive reuses (f) Adaptive Reuse of Buildings or Precincts: Adaptive reuse of derelict ‘havelis’, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and ‘shikargahs’(Eg: Shri Marwari Aushadhalaya, 2766 Chatta Pratap Singh, Kinari Bazaar, Haveli Ballimaran 3014, near Chota Baradari, Jaunti Shikargah, Jaunti Village, Old St Stephens College Dara Shikhoh’s library, Dharamshala Rai Sahib Lala Lakshmi Narain, Ramnath Inderdevi Dharamshala, 2764 Chatta Pratap Singh, Kinari Bazaar, Shri Marwari Public Library etc.) (g) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated heritage zones and precincts – initially in the Walled City ( Ballimaran, Maliwara, Dharampura, Churiwalan, Kinari Bazaar) and Urban villages. (iv) Reintegrating Previously Overlooked Heritage Components into Thematic

Heritage Tourism Circuits (a) In order to reintegrate overlooked heritage components, tourism circuits

linking the following areas are to be developed:



19-24

- Linking Humayuns Tomb with Safdarjangs Tomb via Lodhi Gardens, Karbala, Tomb of Najaf Khan, Humayuns Tomb – Hazrat Nizamuddin- Sundar Nursery –Purana Quila & Khair-ul-Manzil- Feroz Shah Kotla - Daryaganj – Red Fort; Red fort-Chandni Chowk – Shahjehanabad –Fatehpuri Masjid; - Tughlaquabad –Chiragh Delhi – Khirki Masjid – Jahanpanah Vijay Mandal Begumpuri – Hauz Khas – Mehrauli.

(b) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings

including Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi

(c) Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children

to form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi – linked with curriculum of Delhi schools

(d) Adaptive reuse of historic buildings as Heritage Hotel at Kashmiri Gate

Agencies Responsible for Projec

t Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.

Invt. O&M Strategy/Project

Rs in Crore A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(i) Development and maintenance of a GIS based Cultural Heritage Information System integrated with overall land information management system.

20 5 5 10 0 0 DDA, MCD

DDA, NIC AND TPD

(ii) Capacity Building of employees of the Departments involved in Hertage Conservation and Management

1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Institute of

Archaeology, ASI

and SPA; Institute

of Heritage Management Delhi Governm

ent

MCD

(iii) Provision for recording excavated remains and removal of artifacts to museums

2 0.5 0.5 1 0 0

GNCTD Dept of

Archaeology

GNCTD

B) ESTABLISHMENT OF 2 SELF-SUSTAINING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATION CENTRES

(i) Capacity building and provision of technical assistance by trained, qualified heritage professionals to owners of heritage buildings as

10 3 4 3 0 0

MCD - TPD

HERITAGE SOCIETY, GNCTD- STATE

DDA, MCD



19-25


t Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


Rs in Crore well as buildings located within designated heritage zones- Mehrauli and Shahjehanabad

ARCHEOLOGY

(ii) Ensuring Technical Support for Conservation required for participatory conservation at the area level

1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Town Planning Dept.of

MCD-MCD Heritage Society, GNCTD Dept. of

Archaeology,

Institute of

Heritage Management Delhi Governm

ent & SPA. PWD & CPWD

TPD MCD-, GNCTD Dept.

of Archaeology,

INTACH & SPA.

C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS AND AREA REGENERATION PROGRAMMES

(i) Development and implementation of a comprehensive regeneration and heritage management plan- Central Bazaar spine of Mehrauli; Adham Khans Tomb to Sohan Burj (Development of heritage area)

17 8 6 3 - -

DDA, MCD-

Heritage Cell,

RWA's, INTACH

MCD

(ii) Community based Heritage Management Plans for the Dargahs/ traditional Pilgrim destinations of Delhi (Development of heritage area)

37 2 7 12 8 8

SA,ASI, MCD, WAQF BOARD, COOPERATIVE

SA,ASI, MCD, WAQF BOARD, COOPERATIVE

(iii) Upgradation of open space structure along with urban landscape of the walled city (Regeneration of old inner city area)

25 3 10 10 1 1

Community Representatives, MCD, Horticulture, Roads and

MCD Town Planning Dept. and PWD



19-26


t Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


Rs in Crore Transportation, PWD

(iv) Area regeneration scheme for chowks and interface between historic components of the city with the Metro Stations (Regeneration of old inner city area).

20 3 8 8 1 -

GNCTD Department of Archaeology, ASI, Waqf Board, Local stakeholders and community representatives, MCD, DMRC

MCD and Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archaeology, ASI,

(v) Heritage Management Plan and guidelines for development of the area around the Old Delhi Railway Station

2 2 - - - -

Ministry of Railways, GNCTD Department of Archaeology, Waqf Board, Local stakeholders and traders/ hotel associations, community representatives, MCD,

Heritage Division,Ministry of Railways,MCD and Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archaeology,

(vi) a. Guidelines for integrated conservation management of the area between Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk and Darya Ganj.

2 2 - - - -

DDA Urban Heritage Foundation and DDA Heritage Cell, GNCTD Department of Archaeology, Waqf Board,

DDA SPA, MCD and Delhi Waqf Board ASI



19-27


t Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


Rs in Crore (vi) b. Revitalization of surroundings of Jama Masjid)

234 - 50 184 - -

GNCTD Departme

nt of Archaeology, MCD Town

Planning Departme

nt - Heritage

Cell/ Heritage Society , DTTDC

GNCTD Dept of Archaeology, MCD

(vii)Restoration of Town Hall and Preparation of a comprehensive heritage management plan including selection of appropriate adaptive reuses 6 4 2 - - -

GNCTD Dept of Archaeology, MCD Town Planning Department - Heritage Cell/ Heritage Society , DTTDC

GNCTD Dept of Archaeology, MCD

(viii) Rehabilitation of historic and traditional housing stock within designated heritage zones and precincts – initially in the Walled City (Ballimaran, Maliwara, Dharampura, Churiwalan, Kinari Bazaar) and Urban villages (Regeneration of old inner city area)

45 3 10 10 11 11

DDA Urban Heritage Foundation, MCD Town Planning Department- Heritage Cell/ Heritage Society

MCD

(ix) Regeneration of inner (Old) city area

40 5 15 10 10 - GNCTD Departme

nt of Archaeology, Local stakeholders and

community

organizations

representatives, MCD

MCD Heritage Cell and Society, Local stakeholders and community organizations represe



19-28


t Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


Rs in Crore Heritage Cell and Society

ntatives

D) ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS OR PRECINCTS (i) Adaptive reuse of derelict ‘havelis’, heritage buildings, evacuee properties of heritage significance in Shahjehanabad and ‘shikargahs’ in rural villages for provision of essential community facilities

35 5 13 7 5 5

GNCTD Department of Archaeology, Waqf Board, Local stakeholders and community organizations representatives, MCD Town Planning Dept., Heritage Cell and Society, and Educational institutions -SPA

MCD Heritage Cell and Society, Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archaeology,

(ii) Retrofitting of services and rationalisation of space utilisation in heritage buildings currently used for community purposes

8 3 5 - - -

Ministry of Railways, GNCTD Department of Archaeology, Waqf Board, Local stakeholders and traders/ hotel associations, community representatives, MCD,

Heritage Division,Ministry of Railways,MCD and Delhi Waqf Board GNCTD Dept of Archaeology,



19-29


t Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


Rs in Crore D. REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISM CIRCUITS (i) Development of thematic heritage tourism circuits as an integrated network with signage systems, heritage site linked interpretation centres/ site museums, tourist facilities, low speed circuit transport for tourists – battery buses, bicycle tracks, integrated with the Metro network

60 15 15 10 10 10

DTTDC, DTC, DMRC with MCD Heritage Cell-Heritage Society, DDA, ASI, GNCTD Dept of Archaeology,

DTTDC, Hotel & Tourism Associations

(ii) Revival and Revitalisation of historic water Systems and buildings including Baolis, Embankments, Sluicegates, Talaos, Catchment areas, Hauz, Sarais and Kos Minars of Delhi

12 5 3 4 - -

MCD, DDA, INTACH, SPA, DJB, Forest Department, Department of Irrigation and Flood Control, DTTDC

Maintenance costs could be fully borne by the private sector under PPP- SIAM or ACMA

(iii) Awareness generation materials and educational tools to enable children to form cognitive maps of Historic Delhi – linked with curriculum of Delhi schools

3 3 - - - -

DTTDC & Department of Education

Departnment of Education

(iv) Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Hotel at Kashmirigate

2 2 0 0 0 0 Private Private

TOTAL 582 74 154 272 47 35

The estimated O&M cost of heritage projects is Rs 51.1 Crore. The detail breakup of the cost is given in table below:

O&M Cost in Rs @3% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Strategy/Project

Rs in Crore

A) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATIONMANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1.3 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5



19-30

B) ESTABLISHMENT OF A SELF-SUSTAININGTECHNICAL SUPPORT CONSERVATIONCENTRE

1.0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

C) PRIORITISATION OF IDENTIFIED HERITAGE ZONES AND PRECINCTS AND AREA REGENERATION PROGRAMMES

(i) Government 24.4 0 0.8 3.6 9.6 10.4

(ii) Private 15.5 0 0.1 1.2 4.5 9.7

D. ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDING ORPRECINCT 3.2 0 0.2 0.8 1.0 1.1

E) REINTEGRATING PREVIOUSLY OVERLOOKED HERITAGE COMPONENTS INTO THEMATIC HERITAGE TOURISMCIRCUITS

(i) Government 2.1 0 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.8

(ii) Private 3.7 0 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.3

TOTAL 51.2 0 2.1 7.3 17.6 24.1

19.8 URBAN ENVIRONMENT

The main agencies responsible for environmental management in Delhi are the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).


Projects have been proposed under the following strategies: i. Outreach and capacity building

ii. Enhancement of forests and green cover

iii. Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution

(i) Outreach and capacity Building

(a) The creation of awareness on noise pollution regulations; training in

best practices for the reduction in air and water pollution; & techniques of water conservation; these would cover citizens, community groups and RWAs.

(ii) Enhancement of Forests and Green Cover

Projects proposed include: (a) South Delhi Greenway Project: aiming at the rejuvenation of selected

drains in South Delhi through the development of a continuous stretch of green along their course.



19-31

(b) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city: To include a complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna. This would provide a base document for afforestation measures including tree planting, distribution of saplings, conservation of soil and moisture; water harvesting etc; as well as for on-going initiatives such as the conservation of the Asola Wildlife Sanctuary.

(c) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city including forest and

vegetation cover, land use pattern, water bodies and others: This is a necessary tool for the effective management of environmental resources in the city.

(iii) Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution

Projects proposed include:

(a) Reduction in Air Pollution: The reduction in air pollution measures are

multi agency and would be linked to automobiles, power plants, domestic and commercial diesel generating sets, open burning, industrial operations and others. Indirectly it would be responsibility of the automobile manufacturers, oil companies, generator manufacturers and others to incorporate designs and specifications which would reduce air pollution. Some of the major strategies for the reduction in the air pollution have been outlined earlier (Refer Strategies for Development). In addition to these, a project for the augmentation of the continuous air pollution monitoring system is also proposed. This would include installation of more number of air quality monitoring stations in the city.

(b) Water Pollution: YAP II has focussed on preparation of master plans and

DPRs for non point sources of pollution, including the dhobhi ghats, crematoria, dairy farms, slaughter houses and slum rehabilitation. Further augmentation of the plans and schemes under YAP II , addressing the Dhobi Ghats, crematoria and disposal of dairy waste have been proposed.

YAP II includes the preparation of a master plan for the water bodies in Delhi in order to decentralize waste waster collection and treatment; and reuse systems to intercept polluting wastewater flow in water bodies. It is proposed to augment this master plan with a DPR to study the water quality, reclamation, catchment areas and the drainage of these water bodies under this programme. This study could also assess the potential of recharge of the ground water table through the rejuvenation of the water bodies. It is also proposed to implement the outputs of the DPR.

Augmentation of ground water monitoring stations has also been proposed.

(c) Noise Pollution: The overall goal is to minimize noise pollution in the

city. The enforcement of relevant regulation is critical, as well as awareness of the same among citizens. Awareness raising for the same has ben proposed under the project proposed for outreach and training.



19-32

(d) Environmental Health: Awareness drives amongst the community to adopt measures to keep their surroundings clean so that the incidence of diseases may be controlled will also be included in the outreach and training programmes.

Agencies

Responsible for Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


RS IN CRORE A Outreach Capacity Building i) Create awareness for water conservation and the techniques, training programmes for the RWAs, display & promotional material & schools, hospitals, change institutions.

16 8 8 - - - DJB & NGO -

B. Enhancement of Forest & Green Cover i) South Delhi Greenway Project 227 40 70 67 50 - Privat

e SPV

ii) Detailed study of the biodiversity and ecology of the city. To include a complete inventorisation of all the species of flora and fauna

0.7 0.7 - - - - Forest Department

Forest Department

iii) Protection of Delhi ridge including restoration of ecology and for demarcation of bunds.

5 2 2 1 - - Forest Department

Forest Department

iv) GIS based Database of natural resources of the city including forest and vegetation cover, land use pattern, water bodies and others

2 1 1 - - - Forest Department

Forest Department

C. Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution i) Installation of 9 web linked continuous air quality monitoring stations

15 8 7 - - - CPCB

& DPCC

Pvt.

ii) Action projects of the Master Plan 50 25 25 - - - MCD Pvt.



19-33

Agencies Responsible for Cost in

Rs 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


RS IN CRORE for Dhobighats Sudhar Yojna under the YAP II. Creating alternate better infrastructure for the dhobis, treatment facility for the waste water and drainage in to the river iii) Action projects for the collection, transport and treatment of the dairy waste under the YAP II. This would include installation of treatment plants, methane generation plants and drainage system for the dairy waste

50 25 25 - - - SPV & Pvt SPV

iv) Upgradation of the crematoria in the city to make them environmentally better (air pollution treatment equipment). Master plans under the YAP II to be implemented

10 5 5 - - - MCD MCD

v) River Front Development including walkways, recreation facilities, kiosks, water sports etc

50 20 20 10 - - SPV SPV

vi) Installation of 2 water quality stations for monitoring and gauging.

5 2 3 - - - SPV SPV

TOTAL 430.7 136.7 166 78 50 -

The envisaged O&M cost of the environment projects is Rs 39.6 Crore. The details of this are given in table below.



19-34

Total O&M Cost @ 3% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE

B. Enhancement of Forest & Green Cover

Private 16.6 0.0 1.2 3.3 5.3 6.8

Government 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

C. Mitigation of Air, Water and Noise Pollution

Private 17.4 0.0 2.4 4.8 5.1 5.1

Government 4.8 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.5

Total 39.6 0.0 4.3 9.5 12.1 13.6

19.9 URBAN GOVERNANCE

GIS and MIS based database system for land and building records are essential in evaluation of the land situation in the city; and the assessment of property tax. This will form a common base document for the reference of all agencies involved in urban management. Moreover, effective governance will be substantially improved through interdepartmental information sharing and departmental capacity building.


for Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


Rs in Crore (i) Development of GIS/MIS based database system for Land and Building Records

5.0 2.5 2.5 - - - Revenue Deptt

Revenue Deptt

(ii) Development of E-governance for various services of ULBs

1.0 0.5 0.5 - - - UDD UDD

(iii) Capacity building of the MCD, NDMC and Parastatal departments

3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - - UDD UDD

TOTAL 9.00 4 4 1 - - The O&M cost for maintenance of governance infrastructure is Rs 0.2 Crores. 19.10 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

While projects for land and growth management do not form part of the core focus of the JNNURM programme, this aspect remains integral to the smooth functioning and sustainable development of the city. Delhi, in particular, has



19-35

suffered in this respect, due to the peculiar institutional arrangement for growth management in the city. While this is addressed in a further chapter, a few initiatives are proposed below, aimed at easing the growth requirements of the city, and facilitating overall management.

(a) Decentralization of trade fair from the core city: The location of the

existing trade fair grounds, which was once peripheral with respect to the rest of the city, is now fairly central. Circulation in this area is severely affected due to the tremendous traffic generated when the annual international trade fair is held. It is proposed to relocate the trade fair grounds to more peripheral locations in the city, having good public transport connectivity through the metro.

(b) Redevelopment of low density government housing estates in the

core city: Large areas of land in prime areas of the city are occupied by low density government estates. These include Dev Nagar and the DIZ Area in the north; Lodi Colony, Vinay Nagar (Sarojini Nagar, Laxmi Bai Nagar, Kidwai Nagar), Sewa Nagar, R.K. Puram, Saket – MB road developments in the south, among others. Land use these areas has now become inefficient, due to the development in the surrounding areas. Moreover the ownership of these lands by public agencies represents a huge opportunity to meet the growth requirements of the city. Several cities, including New York, Shanghai, and more recently, London, have undertaken a systematic redevelopment of areas in order to meet contemporary growth needs. In view of the limited implementation of development proposals in the past, this is now an urgent requirement of the city, and can be undertaken with private sector participation in order to defray costs (after a clear structure for the same has been developed) A study, to initiate this process has been recommended. The annual O&M cost of these projects is Rs 0.2 crore.


for Cost in Rs

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Cap.


Rs in Crore (i) Development of Trade Centres in North-East and West of City - 2 Nos

15 2 5 8 - - UDD UDD

(ii) Study for Identification and Development options in Government Land in Core City area-5 Nos

5 3 2 - - - UDD UDD

TOTAL 20 5 7 8 - - SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR



19-36

19.11 URBAN SLUMS AND POOR The existing agency responsible for redevelopment and relocation of slums in the city is the Slum Department, under the MCD.


Projects have been proposed under the following strategies:

i. In-situ redevelopment at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc

ii. Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying

locations (relocation), for outright purchase. Connectivity to work centers to be assured.

iii. Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations

single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or NGO’s with government support

iv. Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies, and existing

relocation sites

v. Provision of housing (on-going) for the urban poor

vi. In-situ re-construction of Katras. (i) In-situ redevelopment at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered

on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc

Group shelter schemes (G+1 and G+2) are proposed. These will offer a range of rooms and flats, and accommodate (on redevelopment) more households in comparatively smaller area and better sanitation facilities. Such schemes can be promoted by the GNCTD, through Ngo’s, or trusts; or private sector participation (Private Developers).

Private Developers or Government may obtain funding from national housing finance institutions which provide low cost funds leaving enough margins for the developing agency to meet administrative and running costs. (Refer section on Institutional Reforms – Slum Housing Corporation) Dwelling units will be provided on hire-purchase basis and the title would be transferred on payment of all installments by the beneficiaries. The cost of the housing units will be made repayable over 15 years (maximum) carrying interests at the maximum 2 per cent over the rate at which the funds were acquired from the national financing institutions. Assuming an interest rate of about 8 %, , the EMI (equated monthly installment) on a hire purchase amount of Rs 50,000 would be approx. Rs. 400 per month. There are 728 JJ clusters spread over an area of 650 hectare. It has been proposed to develop G+1housing in 603 JJ clusters and G+2 housing in 125 JJ



19-37

clusters (Appendix 19-1). Some of the land at the improvement sites would be released for high value uses, such as commercial development along arterial roads of the scheme. The surpluses realized would be used to cross- subsidise costs of housing. Moreover, the development of 10 transit camps (2 in North; 3 in East; 3 South West and 2 in West) on 10 hectare land to accommodate households during redevelopment has also been proposed.

(ii) Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying

locations (relocation)

Households which chose, and have the capacity to, own plots and construct units, can opt for relocation at outlying locations with assured connectivity to work centers. This aims to provide households with a means to improve their living standards through a process in which people themselves participate. Provision of infrastructure may be basic to keep costs low, with the option to upgrade incrementally. The projects identified under this head are (a) relocation of 5000 dwelling units from slum areas of city; (b) Development of site for 10720 dwelling units at Kanjhawala, Ghogha and Bapraula. The plot sizes are 27sqm; (c) Development of plot at Savda Ghevda accommodating around 20,000JJs; (d) Development of 10 transit camps (2 in North; 3 in East; 3 South West and 2 in West) on 10 hectare land to accommodate households during redevelopment.

(iii) Development of night shelters in the city and at outlying locations: It is

proposed to develop night shelters in Walled City area, near industrial complexes, and near the relocation sites in outlying areas, in order to provide long stay facilities for low income workers --- beds or single rooms with shared facilities. Five facilities are proposed. Exact location and holding capacity would have to be determined.

(iv) Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies, and 11 existing

relocation sites This includes (a) Infrastructure upgradation of 11 existing relocation sites: This involves

developing street lighting system, construction of community toilets, community halls, child care centers etc.

(b) Infrastructure upgradation in 44 resettlement colonies

(c) Revival Plan for Community Work Centers: Development of the

community work centers at various locations in the city (with approximate area of 22.33m2 per work space) spread over an area of 22383m2. The project cost is Rs 29.23 crore.

(v) Provision of housing (on-going) for the urban poor: This extent of supply is

estimated to be required to cater to the demand for low income housing until 2012. This demand will have to be met in a timely manner in order to prevent the development of new slum pockets in the city. The projects identified are

(a) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Rohini-1770 DUs; (b) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Dwarka-2550 DUs;



19-38

(c) Construction of 12560 EWS houses at village Siraspur and Sector-26,

Rohini; (d) Worker Housing with cost effective technologies at Narela, Bhorgarh and

Bawana; (e) Housing for Urban Poor through development of EWS Housing and (f) Development of Night Shelters in Walled City area and Industrial

Complexes-5 Nos.

(vi) In-situ re-construction of Katras: The in-situ reconstruction of 25 government

owned Katras (out of 319 katras) in the walled city area has been proposed The cost for reconstruction is Rs 70 Crore.

Agencies Responsible for PROJEC

T COST 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-

12 Capital Investment O&M Strategy / Project

Rs in Crore A) IN-SITU REDEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS (i) In situ redevelopment of Slums- providing water supply, road network, drainage and Housing etc.

783 150 200 200 100 133

Slum Department/

Private Developers/ Beneficiary

Private Developer/Beneficia

ry

(i)a Upgradation of Street Lighting system

300 100 50 75 75 - Slum Department

Community

(i)b Construction of Community Toilets-1200 Nos.

17 10 7 - - - MCD NGO

(v) Development of Sites for Transit Camps-10 Nos

80 80 - - - - MCD MCD

B) DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICED PLOTS (RELOCATION)

(i) Relocation of 5000 JJ Units 30 10 10 10 - - MCD Cooper

ative

(ii) Development of Relocation Sites at Kanjhawala, Ghogha and Bapraula

217 80 55 55 27 - DSIDC Cooperative

(iii) Development of plots at Savda

250 100 100 50 - - MCD Cooperative



19-39

Agencies Responsible for PROJECT COST

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment O&M Strategy / Project

Rs in Crore Gevra-20000JJ

C: DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS

(vi) Development of Night Shelters in Walled City area Industrial Complexes and other sites -5 Nos

15 15 - - - - MCD Cooperative

D INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION (RESETTLEMENT COLONIES AND RESETTLEMENT SITES)

(i) Infrastructure upgradation in 44 resettlement colonies

85 20 30 35 0 0

Slum Department/

Pvt. Developer

Pvt. Develo

per

(ii) Infrastructure upgradation of 11 existing relocation sites

239 50 100 50 39 0 DSIDC Cooperative

(iii) Revival Plan for Community Work Centres (22383 m2)

30 15 15 - - - DSIDC DSIDC

(iv) Civic Amenities like Community Halls

200 75 50 50 25 MCD MCD

E. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR THE URBAN POOR (i) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Rohini-1770 DUs

50 25 25 - - - Slum Deptt Cooperative

(ii) Multi-Storeyed Tenements at Dwarka-2550 DUs

73 30 25 18 - - Slum Deptt Cooperative

(iii) Construction of 13840 EWS houses at village Siraspur and Sector-26, Rohini

400 100 170 60 30 40 DDA Cooperative

(iv) Worker Housing with cost effective technologies at Narela, Bhorgarh and Bawana

101 50 51 - - - DSIDC Cooperative

(v) Housing for Urban Poor through development of

750 100 100 250 150 150 Slum Department

Cooperative



19-40

Agencies Responsible for PROJECT COST

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 Capital

Investment O&M Strategy / Project

Rs in Crore EWS Housing

(vi) Rehabilitation & Resettlement of slum dwellers at Narela Phase-II & Rohini

710 200 200 150 100 60 DDA DDA

F: IN-SITU RE-CONSTRUCTION OF KATRAS

(i) Reconstruction of Katras in old city areas

70 20 20 20 10 -

Slum Department/

Pvt. Developer

Pvt. Develo

per

TOTAL COST in Rs Crore 4400 1230 1208 1023 574 383

The O&M cost due to the new investment is estimated at Rs. 557.3 Crore. This will be borne by various agencies, including the Slum Department, DSIDC, Private Developers, Cooperatives etc.

O&M COST @ 5% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Strategy/Project

Rs in Crore

A) PROVISION OF BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE & GROUP HOUSING

Private Developer/Beneficiary 85.0 0.0 7.5 17.5 27.5 32.5

Community 38.8 0.0 5.0 7.5 11.3 15.0

NGO 3.2 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9

MCD 16.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

B. DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE PLOTS

Cooperative 75.7 0.0 9.5 17.8 23.5 24.9

C. DEVELOPMENT OF NIGHT SHELTERS

MCD 3.2 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

D. INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADATION

Private Developer 12.1 0.0 1.0 2.5 4.3 4.3



19-41

Cooperative 32.0 0.0 2.5 7.5 10.0 12.0

DSIDC 5.3 0.0 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.5

MCD 28.9 0.0 3.8 6.3 8.8 10.0

E. PROVISION OF HOUSING

Cooperative 73.4 0.0 7.8 18.8 22.7 24.2

DSIDC 17.8 0.0 2.5 5.1 5.1 5.1

Slum Department 67.5 0.0 5.0 10.0 22.5 30.0

DDA 90.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 27.5 32.5

F. IN-SITU RECONSTRUCTION

Pvt. Developer 9.5 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5

TOTAL COST 558.4 0.0 61.7 122.2 173.3 201.2

19.12 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT PLAN

The shares of major sectors as shown in figure are water supply (7%); sewerage (11.5%); road network & transportation (56%); and urban poor and slums (18%) respectively.

Funding Pattern: The projects for investment support in Delhi are eligible for Central assistance under the following conditions:

• In case any JNNURM project is also approved as externally aided project

(EAP), the EAP funds can be passed through as Accelerated Central Assistance to the State Government as funds contributed by States, ULBs, FIs; and JNNURM funds can be used as GoI contribution.

• If necessary, internal resources of implementing agencies, MP or MLA Local

Area Development (LAD) Funds and MLA LAD funds may be substituted for institutional finance or State share.

a. Projects under appraisal by Sub-Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure

and Governance

CG SG ULB/ FI Project Cost 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-

12 35 15 50

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE




19-42

Water Supply 1632 535 500 330 167 100 571 245 816

Sewerage 2755 605 675 605 495 375 964 413 1378

Road Network andTransportation System 13487 2886 3534 3986 1610 1471 4720 2023 6743

Storm Water Drainage 231 96 101 26 8 0 81 35 116

Solid WasteManagement 593 222 181 101 51 38 208 89 297

Heritage andConservation 582 74 154 272 46 35 204 87 291

City Environment 431 137 166 78 50 151 65 215

Urban Governance 9 4 4 1 0 0 3 1 5

Other Projects 20 5 7 8 0 0 7 3 10

Street Lighting 25 5 5 5 5 5 9 4 13

SUB-TOTAL 19740 4563 5322 5407 2427 2019 6909 2961 9870

In the case of urban transport projects, the standard pattern of assistance of 35 per cent will not apply. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), while considering any such project proposal, may decide the level of equity and/or loan to be provided by the central government. This funding pattern is proposed for public financed projects. In case of projects incorporating public-private partnerships, the Central government’s share shall not exceed the amounts prescribed.

b. Projects under appraisal by the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban Poor

Housing should not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution with bank loan should be stipulated (10 per cent in case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections).

CG SG ULB/ FI Project

Cost 2007-

08 2008-

09 2009-

10 2010-

11 2011-

12 35 15 50

Strategy/Project

RS IN CRORE SUB-MISSION-2: BASICSERVICES AND POOR

Urban Poor, Slum andHousing 4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 - 2200

SUB-TOTAL 4400 1230 1208 1023 556 383 2200 0 2200 TOTAL 24140 5793 6530 6430 2983 2402 9109 2961 12070

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 20 : Financial Sustenance Plan

Chapter – 20 Financial Sustenance Plan


20-1

CHAPTER - 20 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN

20.1 INTRODUCTION

In order to assess the investment sustaining capacity of MCD, NDMC and DJB, the municipal fiscal situation has been simulated, based on a Financial Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year forecast of municipal finances for a term of 15 years. It has been used to forecast the revenue income and operating expenditures for the period between FY 2005-06 and FY 2019-20. In order to gauge the sector-specific fiscal situation and determine options for project structuring, the FOP has been generated for the following three major accounts: (a) MCD Accounts (b); NDMC Accounts and (c): DJB Accounts for water & sewerage.

20.2 DEPARTMENT WISE INVESTMENT

The department wise capital investments are presented in the table below. Some of the projects that are under the ambit of the MCD & parastatal departments, but can be taken up with private sector participation, have been segregated and it is assumed that for these projects 50% of the funding would be from the GoI & the State Government and some part of the balance 50% would come from the private sector as equity. In this case part of the operation and maintenance would be the responsibility of the private sector, who would also agree on a revenue sharing arrangement with the MCD & parastatal departments.

In case of projects relating to urban slums and poor, it is assumed that 15% of the project cost would be borne by the beneficiaries. Taking into account the above assumptions, the proposed means of financing for the Rs 24,140 crores investment is given in the table below.

Department wise Investment Rs Crore 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

DDA 1199 312 385 250 143 109

DIMTS 6505 1305 1300 1850 1025 1025

DJB 4385 1139 1174 935 662 475

DJB & NGO 16 8 8

DSIDC 587 195 221 105 66

Forest Department 7.7 3.7 3 1

Govt/Pvt. 23 23

MCD 2780.87 730.2 819.13 735.44 270.4 225.7

NDMC 88 13 18 22 20 15

Private 1033 274 345 227 137.5 49.5

PWD 4988.5 1275.5 1683 1535 297.5 197.5

Revenue Deptt 5 2.5 2.5

Chapter – 20 Finance Sustenance Plan


20-2

Slum Department 2111 445 450 598 335 283

STA 13 2 2 3 3 3

TRAFFIC POLICE 3 1 1 1

UDD 24 6.5 8.5 9

Intach 4 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 GNCTD – State Archeology 228 20 60 120 10 18

DTTDC 80 7 25 35 13

ASI 43.13 23.3 16.37 2.56 0.6 0.3 GRAND TOTAL 24140 5795 6529 6430 2984 2402

20.3 O&M COST OF INVESTMENT

The O&M cost of various projects is Rs. 4972 Crore. In order to meet the O&M cost, due to new investments, it has been proposed to revise the unit area value, water tax (the normal revision of water tax as per DJB norms are proposed), sewerage tax and other revenue sources as discussed in the following sections.

Total Cost Government Private Beneficiary Total O&M Strategy/Project

Rs in Crore % age


Water Supply 1632 446.7 0.0 0.0 446.7 10%

Sewerage 2755 615.0 0.0 0.0 615.0 10%

Road Network and Transportation System 13487 1954.7 1218.5 0.0 3172.2 10%

Storm Water Drainage 231 37.4 0.0 0.0 37.4 5%

Solid Waste Management 593 50.8 0.0 0.0 50.8 3%

Heritage and Conservation 582 32.0 19.2 0.0 51.1 3%

City Environment 431 5.6 34.0 0.0 39.6 3%

Urban Governance 9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 2%

Other Projects 20 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 3%

SUB-TOTAL 19740 3143 1272 0 4414

SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Slum and Housing 4400 229 110 220 558 5%



20-3

SUB-TOTAL 4400 229 110 220 558

TOTAL 24140 3372 1382 220 4972

20.4 NEED FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES

While the MCD and Parastatal departments can contribute part of the capital to the capital investments required by undertaking revenue enhancement initiatives, innovative methods of financial structuring of the projects will also need to be undertaken.

20.5 ASSUMPTIONS FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INTIATIVES

The ability of MCD, NDMC, DJB and Parastatal Departments to sustain the investments made for the identified projects is based upon the closing balance (surplus/deficit) indication, for each of their accounts. The sustainability was determined based on the criteria that the closing balance requires indicating an annual surplus in the respective accounts.

20.5.1 Key assumptions for FOP

The income and expenditure for all three major revenue earning departments namely Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and Delhi Jal Board (DJB) accounts (water, drainage and general) were forecast and assessed as the basis for the investment sustenance analysis. The limits for the growth rates of various revenue streams have been fixed between 3% and 15%. For those heads with growth rate less than 3%, it is assumed that it will be brought up to 3%; and for those more than 15%, it is assumed that it will be sustained at 15% at least. The guiding assumptions for forecasting income and expenditure items were:

Table 20.1: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - MCD

No. Item Assumption for Forecast Basis (Current Rate -2005-06)

1. MCD ACCOUNTS-TAX AND NON-TAX REVENUE SOURCES A TAX REVENUE SOURCES

1 PROPERTY TAX

a Persons per assessment 10

13 (2003-04) – indicating under-assessment of properties

b Unit Area Value 15 % every three years (FY 2007-08 and 2010- 11)

UAM was adopted in FY 2004-05. The MVC revises the rates every 3 years

c Growth in Number of Properties Assessed

3 % Annual Growth rate of population (1991-2001): 3.85 %

d Coverage Will increase from 66% (2006-07) to 85% (2009-10)

Digitisation and Computerisation of property tax records will be completed by 2008-09,



20-4


enabling efficiencies in coverage to be effected

e Collection Efficiency

Against Arrear Demand: 7 % in 2005-06 to 20 % in 2012 – 13 Against Current Demand:36 % (2005-06) to 90 % in 2010-2011

––Consultations with the Property Tax Department, MCD

f Realisation of Property Tax

MCD's revenue from property tax, before 2004-05 (year in which UAM was implemented) was approx. 775 cr. In 2004-05, it fell to 575 cr., due to the UAM values assigned. It is the aim of the ULB to return it's tax revenue to pre-2004 levels by 2007-08. It has been assumed that this will be achieved by 2008-09, at the latest (the MVC is currently reviewing the values assigned in order to achieve this)

Consultations with the Property Tax Department, MCD

2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals 15.0% 23.3%

3 Theater Tax 3.0% -9.4%

4 Tax on Advertisement 15.0% 21.3%

5 Tax on Building Permission 15.0% 113.2%

6 Toll tax 11.5% 11.5%

7 Duty on Transfer of Property 15.0% 21.7%


15.0% 27.7%

B TAX REVENUE SOURCES

I RENTS AND FEES

1 Fines and Process Fee 15.0 % 26.4 %

2 Education Fee 14.1 % 14.2 %

3 Fines for Cattle Pounds 3.0 % -12.8 %

4 Fees from Hospitals 4.6 % 4.6 %

5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses 3.0 % -5.3 %

6 Tehbazari fee etc 15.0 % 320.8 %

7 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car 15.0 % 28.7 %



20-5


Parking


3.0 % 2.6 %

9 Public Health and Conversancy and Street Cleaning

14.1 % 14.2 %

10 Miscellaneous 3.0 % -11.9 %

II OTHERS

1 Development Charges 3.0 % -2.3 %

2 Road Restoration Charges 3.0 % -19.8 %


15.0 % 252.2 %

4 Others 15.0 % 23.8 %

III EXTERNAL REVENUE SOURCES

1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 13.08 % 13.08 %


15.00 % 43.19 %

3 Ways and Means Advance 0 % -45.14 %

IV CAPITAL INCOME

1 Existing General Grants 3.54 % 3.54 %

2 Existing Loans 15.00 % 17.68 %

2. MCD ACCOUNTS-REVENUE EXPENDITURE

1

General Supervision, collection of revenues etc

11.81 % 11.81 %

2 Education 4.55 % 4.55 %

3 Libraries 7.47 % 7.47 %

4 Public Health 4.66 % 4.66 %

5 Medical Relief 8.91 % 8.91 %

6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 7.88 % 7.88 %

7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers 3.00 % -14.91 %

8 Roads and Public Lighting 11.92 % 11.92 %

9 Markets and Slaughter Houses 6.60 % 6.60 %

10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 3.13 % 3.13 %

11 Gardens and Open Spaces 7.49 % 7.49 %



20-6


12 Development Charges 15.00 % 33.92 %

13 Miscellaneous 13.39 % 13.39 %

14 Building Land Acquisition and Management

7.65 % 7.65 %

15 Reserves for unforeseen 15.00 % 235.01 %

3. CAPITAL WORKS

1 General Capital Works 3.00 % 2.79 %

Table 20.2: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - DJB

No. Item Assumption for Forecast Basis (CAGR 2001-05)

A INCOME FROM REVENUE ACCOUNT

1 Water charges 15.00 %, EVERY 3 RD YEAR 8.68% 2 NDMC 3.00 % 9.35% 3 MES 15.00 % 9.93%

4 Non-Plan Assistance

The non-Plan assistance has been worked out with a view to meeting the deficit between the Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure.

14.34%

5 Misc. Income 3.00 % 113.15 %

B INCOME FROM CAPITAL ACCOUNT

1 Grant 3.00 % -49.35 %

2 Loan 15.00 % 16.06 %

C EXPENDITURE ON REVENUE ACCOUNT

1 Establishment 13.79 % 13.79 %

2 Other administrative Expenses

15.00 % 172.95 %

3 Power 3.00 % 2.00 %

4 Repair & Maintenance 3.00 % -16.28 %

5 General Stores and Chemicals 4.44 % 4.44 %

6 Cost of Raw Water 15.00 % 56.97 %

7 Property Tax 3.00 % -52.14 %

8 Repayment of loan and Interest 10.57 % 10.57 %

9 Cess 3.00 % -5.16 %

D EXPENDITURE ON CAPITAL ACCOUNT

1 General Works 6.36 % 6.36 %



20-7

Table 20.3: Assumptions for Forecasting Income and Expenditure - NDMC

No. Item Assumption for Forecast Basis Basis (Current Rate 2005-06)

A. WATER AND SEWERAGE ACCOUNTS

1 House tax

a Govt property 15.00 % 15.75 %

b Private property 3.00 % 2.41 %

2 Theater Tax 15.00 % 37.21 %

3 Tax on Advertisement 15.00 % 35.32 %

4 Duty on Transfer of Property 10.23 % 10.23 %

5 Other Taxes 15.00 % 70.41 %

6 Building related receipts 10.59 % 10.59 %

B FEES AND FINES

1 Fines 15.00 % 26.51 %

2 Composition Fee 3.00 % 36.73 %

3 Sewer Connection fee 3.00 % -13.44 %

4 Compounding Fee 3.00 % -4.67 %

5 Inspection Fee 15.00 % -51.25 %

6 Others 3.00 % 103.93 %

C OTHERS

1 Interest 15.00 % 99.81 %

2 Administrative Dept. 15.00 % 244.87 %

3 Social Services 3.00 % -8.81 %

4 Electricity 3.00 % -5.59 %

5 Water Supply 15.00 % 423.2 %

6 Other Municipal works 3.00 % -5.38 %

D EXTERNAL REVENUE

1 Advances to Employees 3.00 % -15.64 %

2 External Assistance 15.00 % 20.91 %

3 Assigned Taxes 15.00 % 23.83 %

E. CAPITAL INCOME


2 Deposit Works 3.00 % -2.25 %

F REVENUE EXPENDITURE

1 Collection of Taxes & Duties 3.00 % 2.44 %



20-8

No. Item Assumption for Forecast Basis Basis (Current Rate 2005-06)

2 Interest 3.00 % -48.17 %

3 Administrative Dept 13.05 % 13.05 %

4 Education 3.00 % -2.98 %

5 Medical & Public Health 3.00 % 2.31 %

6 Animal Husbandry 3.00 % -7.64 %

7 Other social services 3.00 % -2.53 %

8 Palika Parking 3.00 % -17.10 %

9 Indoor Stadium 3.00 % 2.40 %

10 Night Shelters 3.00 % -23.75 %

11 Contribution to NDF 3.00 % -100.00 %

12 Electricity Supply 3.00 % 1.16 %

13 Water Supply 3.00 % -3.01 %

14 Roads 15.00 % 22.07 %

15 Other Municipal Works 4.15 % 4.15 %

16 Advances to Employees 3.00 % -22.66 %


G CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

1 Administrative Dept. 15.00 % 493.27 %

2 Education 3.00 % 1.19 %

3 Medical & Public Health 15.00 % 16.03 %

4 Animal Husbandry 3.00 % -100.00 %

5 Other Social Services 3.00 % -3.16 %

6 Electricity Supply 15.00 % 28.60 %

7 Water Supply 3.00 % 0.07 %

8 Roads 15.00 % 23.24 %

9 Other Municipal Works 3.00 % -3.98 %

10 Deposit Works 3.00 % -4.75 %

20.6 PROPOSED CASH FLOW OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI

Based on the above FOP assumptions and financial reforms the cash flow for MCD in Rs Crore, based on actuals for FY 2005-06 and projected for the period starting in FY 2006-07 to FY 2011-12 is presented in tabular form below and in Annex. 20-1.



20-9

Table 20.4: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of MCD

Description 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Opening Balance 499.8 1,532.2 4,069.8 6,348.3 8,666.5 11,103.7 13,965.0

A. TAX REVENUE

Property Tax 486.4 558.8 798.9 1030.0 1354.2 1724.3 1747.3

Other Tax Revenue 481.8 550.1 628.2 717.5 819.4 935.5 1,067.7

Sub-Total 968.2 1,108.9 1,427.1 1,747.4 2,173.6 2,659.8 2,815.0

B. NON-TAX REVENUE

Rent and Fees 68.8 78.2 89.1 101.5 115.8 132.1 150.9

Other Charges 177.4 198.5 222.6 250.2 281.6 317.7 358.9

External Revenue 804.6 917.7 1,046.9 1,194.3 1,362.6 1,554.6 1,773.9

Sub-Total 1050.8 1194.4 1358.6 1546.0 1760.0 2004.4 2283.7

REVENUE INCOME 2,019.0 2,303.4 2,785.7 3,293.4 3,933.6 4,664.3 5,098.7

REVENUE EXPENDITURE General Supervision and collection of revenues

58.6 65.5 73.3 81.9 91.6 102.4 114.5

Other administrative expenses 1,676.4 1,826.8 1,992.8 2,176.1 2,378.8 2,603.2 2,851.6

Debt Servicing 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0

New O&M 0.0 0.0 45.9 101.1 155.4 175.9

REVENUE EXPENDITURE 1,798.0 1,955.3 2,129.0 2,367.0 2,634.5 2,924.0 3,205.0

SURPLUS/DEFICIT 221.0 348.1 656.7 926.4 1,299.0 1,740.3 1,893.7

CAPITAL INCOME

Existing General Grants 674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2 802.6 831.0

Sub-Total 674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2 802.6 831.0

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

General Capital Works 748.9 771.4 794.5 818.4 842.9 868.2 894.2

JNNURM Works 370.9 427.8 373.8 141.0 118.6

Sub-Total 748.9 771.4 1,165.4 1,246.1 1,216.7 1,009.2 1,012.8

SURPLUS / DEFICIT -74.4 -73.0 -442.3 -497.4 -441.5 -206.5 -181.8

Overall Surplus/Deficit 146.6 275.1 214.4 429.0 857.5 1,533.8 1,711.9

Closing Balance 576 851 1,066 1,495 2,352 3,886 5,598



20-10

20.7 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR DELHI JAL BOARD

Based on the assumption for water and sewerage accounts the cash flow of DJB has been projected for 2006-07 to 2011-12. The DJB cash flow shows a positive closing balance with improvement in collection efficiency and enhancement of user charges as presented in the table below and in Annex. 20-2. The revenue income is 73 % of the total revenue account in FY 2011-12. The revenue income has increased from Rs 663 Crore in FY 2005-06 to Rs 1969 Crore in FY 2011-12.

Table 20.5: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of DJB

Description 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Opening Balance -4846.70 -5373.15 -5840.92 -6827.82 -7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90

A. WATER ACCOUNT

Water charges

425.00 488.75 562.06 775.65 891.99 1025.79 1415.59

NDMC 37.86 41.40 45.27 59.41 64.97 71.05 93.23

MES 11.25 12.37 13.59 17.93 19.71 21.67 28.58

Misc. Income 32.09 36.90 42.44 58.57 67.35 77.45 106.89

Non-Plan Assistance

157.00 162.00 167.00 179.00 300.00 400.00 325.00

REVENUE INCOME 663.20 741.42 830.37 1090.56 1344.03 1595.96 1969.29

REVENUE EXPENDITURE

General Administration

662.94 726.12 797.32 877.64 968.34 1070.87 1186.87

Additional O&M 0.00 0.00 0.00 117.42 238.45 334.75 402.94

Debt Servicing Existing

614.22 644.78 700.91 819.34 935.88 1029.67 1093.79

REVENUE EXPENDTURE

1277.16 1370.90 1498.23 1814.40 2142.67 2435.29 2683.59

SURPLUS/DEFICIT -613.96 -629.48 -667.86 -723.85 -798.65 -839.33 -714.30

CAPITAL INCOME

General Receipts 805.30 925.14 1062.91 1221.33 1403.47 1612.91 1853.73

SUB-TOTAL 805.30 925.14 1062.91 1221.33 1403.47 1612.91 1853.73

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

General Works 717.79 763.42 811.96 863.57 918.47 976.86 1038.96

Water Supply-jnNURM

267.50 257.50 165.15 83.50 50.00



20-11

Description 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Sewerage-jnNURM 302.50 347.63 302.77 247.51 187.50

SUB-TOTAL 717.79 763.42 1381.96 1468.70 1386.39 1307.87 1276.46

SURPLUS/DEFICIT -526.45 -467.77 -986.91 -971.22 -781.57 -534.29 -137.03

Closing Balance -5373.15 -5840.92 -6827.82 -7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90 -9251.94

20.8 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR NDMC

New Delhi Municipal Council is a revenue surplus local body, with further scope of improvement of resources through reforms suggested in the above section. The NDMC cash flow shows positive closing balance with improvement in collection efficiency and enhancement of user charges as presented in table below and in Annex. 20-3.

Table 20.6: Proposed Income and Expenditure Pattern of NDMC

Description 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Opening Balance 631.30 856.6 1094.2 1315.8 1532.2 1756.8 2022.2

A. TAX REVENUE

Property Tax 154.11 161.12 168.69 176.91 185.84 195.59 206.26

Other Tax Revenue 17.03 18.79 20.73 22.87 25.23 27.83 30.71

Sub-Total 171.14 179.91 189.42 199.78 211.07 223.42 236.97

B. NON-TAX REVENUE

Rent and Fees 2.32 2.44 2.58 2.73 2.90 3.09 3.29

Other Charges 894.67 948.38 1007.72 1073.48 1146.55 1227.93 1318.80

External Revenue 53.23 61.09 70.12 80.49 92.42 106.14 121.91

Sub-Total 950 1012 1080 1157 1242 1338 1444

REVENUE INCOME 1121 1192 1270 1356 1453 1561 1681

REVENUE EXPENDITURE

General Administrative expenses

258.12 291.80 329.88 372.93 421.59 476.60 538.79

Other expenses 732.67 761.67 792.47 825.27 860.29 897.77 937.99

New O&M 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 3.1 5.3 7.3



20-12

Description 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

New Debt Servicing 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9

REVENUE EXPENDITURE

990.8 1053.4 1122.3 1214.24 1299.68 1394.37 1498.79

SURPLUS/DEFICIT 130.56 138.33 147.48 142.24 153.25 166.19 182.16

CAPITAL INCOME

NDMC Contribution

0.00 0.00 12.21 13.10 17.09 9.32 9.16

Other Contribution

25.51 27.98 30.78 33.96 37.57 41.67 25.51

Sub-Total 23.33 25.51 58.50 63.53 76.68 60.87 64.57

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

General Capital Works

35.77 39.08 49.32 56.34 62.89 67.34 71.06

SURPLUS/DEFICIT 225.35 237.59 245.63 228.14 243.61 265.03 293.26

Closing Balance 856.6 1094.2 1339.86 1568.00 1811.61 2076.64 2369.90

20.9 CONCLUSION

By undertaking prudent fiscal measures and reforms the MCD is able to enhance its revenue from the current level of Rs. 2,019 Crore to Rs. 5,099 Crore in 2011-12, out of which income from tax sources amounts to 34 %. In this scenario, it is able to meet the O&M cost of the assets created under NURM.

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Part I: Revnue Income and ExpenditureOPENING BALANCE 0.2 139.6 146.0 128.0 204.5 115.6

Revenue ReceiptsA Internal RevenuesA1 Municipal Taxes and Rates

1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas 15.00 Rev. in UAM every 3 yrs 558.9 613.1 687.0 704.1 768.9 575.8

2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals 23.25 15.00 % 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.13 Theater Tax -9.36 3.00 % 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.14 Tax on Advertisement 21.28 15.00 % 6.9 7.6 8.5 10.4 11.6 17.55 Tax on Building Permission 113.20 15.00 % 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.9 1.16 Toll tax 11.49 11.49 % 46.3 50.7 56.9 54.0 68.0 78.17 Duty on Transfer of Property 21.75 15.00 % 64.3 70.5 79.0 113.0 143.4 167.98 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity 27.68 15.00 % 54.6 59.9 67.1 75.9 84.4 162.5

Sub Total- A1 732.6 803.6 900.4 958.5 1,080.3 1,004.0A2 Rents and Fees

1 Fines and Process Fee 26.39 15.00 % 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.6 6.7 8.92 Education Fee 14.15 14.15 % 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.33 Fines for Cattle Pounds -12.82 3.00 % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.14 Fees from Hospitals 4.64 4.64 % 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.25 Fees from Vehicles Licenses -5.28 3.00 % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.2 0.36 Tehbazari fee etc 320.86 15.00 % 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 3.8 28.27 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings 28.74 15.00 % 3.8 4.2 4.1 8.0 8.3 11.48 Special Registration for Trades 2.56 3.00 % 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.0 3.89 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning 14.14 14.14 % 3.1 4.8 3.2 4.2 4.9 5.0

10 Miscellaneous -11.95 3.00 % 3.8 3.9 4.2 1.3 1.3 1.3Sub Total- A2 18.5 21.6 20.6 27.7 31.7 60.5

A3 Others1 Development Charges -2.34 3.00 % 13.7 15.0 13.9 3.8 6.0 6.02 Road Restoration Charges -19.85 3.00 % 38.5 42.2 64.5 41.7 17.1 5.63 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 252.19 15.00 % 0.0 0.0 3.1 24.8 62.6 9.84 Others 23.87 15.00 % 82.3 89.0 158.7 129.0 39.4 87.0

Sub Total- A3 134.5 146.2 240.2 199.3 125.1 108.4Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3) 885.5 971.3 1,161.2 1,185.5 1,237.1 1,172.9

B External Revenues1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 13.08 13.08 % 190.0 227.5 247.9 296.8 295.3 347.02 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 43.19 15.00 % 103.3 94.0 101.5 117.2 119.7 358.43 Ways and Means Advance -45.14 0.00 % 180.0 80.0 60.0 60.0 0.0 310.0

Sub Total- B 473.3 401.5 409.4 474.0 415.0 1,015.4Grand Total Receipts 1,358.9 1,372.8 1,570.7 1,659.5 1,652.1 2,188.4

Revenue Expenditure

Rs CroreCurrent Proposed

Growth

Annexure 20-1- Financial Plan

Municipal Corporation of DelhiActuals

UnitHead of Account

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05Rs Crore

Current Proposed Growth



UnitHead of Account

1 General Supervision, collection of revenues 11.81 11.81 % 38.2 48.0 53.2 53.1 56.1 65.72 Education 4.55 4.55 % 372.0 338.9 333.2 369.4 390.8 455.93 Libraries 7.47 7.47 % 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.34 Public Health 4.66 4.66 % 39.0 37.4 37.7 39.2 40.9 48.45 Medical Relief 8.91 8.91 % 125.4 124.5 127.5 147.1 166.2 190.36 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 7.88 7.88 % 260.2 263.4 276.0 299.0 334.8 378.67 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers -14.91 3.00 % 73.4 11.1 8.8 11.4 11.2 11.68 Roads and Public Lighting 11.92 11.92 % 121.3 107.7 154.7 132.0 152.3 192.69 Markets and Slaughter Houses 6.60 6.60 % 3.2 3.3 2.7 4.9 4.5 3.3

10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 3.13 3.13 % 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.311 Gardens and Open Spaces 7.49 7.49 % 58.2 61.9 65.1 63.9 69.8 82.712 Development Charges 33.92 15.00 % 3.1 4.4 3.8 2.7 2.1 6.113 Miscellaneous 13.39 13.39 % 239.7 337.6 479.0 443.1 396.6 405.414 Building Land Acquisition and Management 7.65 7.65 % 21.9 24.1 22.3 21.8 26.8 30.915 Reserves for unforeseen 235.01 15.00 % 0.0 7.6 3.8 33.5 22.4 75.3

B. Debt Servicing1 Debt Servicing-Existing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2Debt Servicing- loan component of JNNURM (funds received from Center & State - to be ploughed back into revolving fund)

C. Additional O&M1 Additional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM

investmentGrand Total Expenditure 1,358.9 1,372.8 1,570.6 1,624.1 1,677.7 1,950.5

-0.1 0.0 0.0 35.4 -25.6 237.9REVENUE ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05Rs Crore




UnitHead of Account

Part II: Capital Income and ExpenditureCapital Receipts

A Grants1 Exisitng General Grants 3.54 3.54 % 0.0 515.0 549.5 629.2 600.5 651.52 Grant-cum-soft loan from State Government -

JNNURM(£)3 Grant-cum-soft loan from Central Government -

JNNURM(£)Total- Grants 0.0 515.0 549.5 629.2 600.5 651.5

B Loans1 Exisitng General Loans 17.68 15.00 % 0.0 62.9 69.9 105.1 112.8 151.8

2 Loan from Financial Institutions-JNNURM (expenses will be meet from internal revenues)Total- Loans 0.0 62.9 69.9 105.1 112.8 151.8Grand Total Capital Income 0.0 577.9 619.4 734.2 713.2 803.3

Capital Expenditure1 General Capital Works 2.79 3.00 0.0 596.3 612.6 693.3 776.4 727.12 Solid Waste Management3 Roads 4 Heritage Conservation5 Slum and Poverty Alleivation6 City Environment7 Storm Water Drainage

Grand Total Capital Expenditure 0.0 596.3 612.6 693.3 776.4 727.10.0 -18.3 6.7 41.0 -63.2 76.2

-0.1 -18.3 6.7 76.4 -88.8 314.1CLOSING BALANCE 0 121 153 204 116 430

Summary of Municipal AccountsOpening Balance 0.2 139.6 146.0 128.0 204.5 115.6

Receipts1 Revenue Account 1,358.9 1,372.8 1,570.7 1,659.5 1,652.1 2,188.42 Capital Account 0.0 577.9 619.4 734.2 713.2 803.33 Advances and Deposits 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Grand Municipal Income 1,358.9 1,950.8 2,190.0 2,393.7 2,365.3 2,991.7Expenditure


CAPITAL ACCOUNT STATUS (SURPLUS/DEFICIT)OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS-CURRENT YEAR

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05Rs Crore




UnitHead of Account

Grand Municipal Expenditure 1,358.9 1,969.1 2,183.3 2,317.3 2,454.2 2,677.6Municipal Account Status

Closing Balance 0.1 121.3 152.7 204.5 115.6 429.7

Summary of Financial Indicators1 Operating Ratio 1.0 1.00 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.92 Capital Utilisation Ratio - 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.93 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 % of Revenue Income on Establishment* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

* - Figures not available

(3) Receipt of Ways and Means advance from theState Government ahs been assumed to be Nil. However, any Shortage on the over all accout would be met through Ways & Means advance.

(2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered for debt s

(1) Figures shown as zero since project expenditure figures relate only to ULB contribution (50 %) of total project cost.In actual fact, balance 50% of project costs will be met through grant-cum-loan from the Central and State Governments

Part I: Revnue Income and ExpenditureOPENING BALANCE


1 General Tax from Urban and Rural Areas 15.00 Rev. in UAM every 3 yrs

2 Taxes on Vehicles and Animals 23.25 15.00 %3 Theater Tax -9.36 3.00 %4 Tax on Advertisement 21.28 15.00 %5 Tax on Building Permission 113.20 15.00 %6 Toll tax 11.49 11.49 %7 Duty on Transfer of Property 21.75 15.00 %8 Tax on consumption and Sale of Electricity 27.68 15.00 %


1 Fines and Process Fee 26.39 15.00 %2 Education Fee 14.15 14.15 %3 Fines for Cattle Pounds -12.82 3.00 %4 Fees from Hospitals 4.64 4.64 %5 Fees from Vehicles Licenses -5.28 3.00 %6 Tehbazari fee etc 320.86 15.00 %7 Rents on Land, Buildings and Car Parkings 28.74 15.00 %8 Special Registration for Trades 2.56 3.00 %9 Public Health, Conservancy & Street Cleaning 14.14 14.14 %

10 Miscellaneous -11.95 3.00 %Sub Total- A2

A3 Others1 Development Charges -2.34 3.00 %2 Road Restoration Charges -19.85 3.00 %3 Reimbursement of Cost from diff schemes 252.19 15.00 %4 Others 23.87 15.00 %

Sub Total- A3Grand Total A (A1, A2 and A3)

B External Revenues1 Global Sharing of Taxes- Assigned 13.08 13.08 %2 Education Grant- Reimbursement Grant 43.19 15.00 %3 Ways and Means Advance -45.14 0.00 %

Sub Total- BGrand Total Receipts

Revenue Expenditure



Municipal Corporation of Delhi

UnitHead of Account 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

429.7 576.3 851.4 1,065.8 1,494.8

486.4 558.8 798.9 1030.0 1354.21.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.20.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

12.0 12.9 14.0 15.0 15.91.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8

87.0 97.0 108.2 120.6 134.5193.1 222.1 255.4 293.7 337.8186.8 214.9 247.1 284.1 326.8968.2 1,108.9 1,427.1 1,747.4 2,173.6

10.2 11.8 13.5 15.6 17.90.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.50.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.21.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.50.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

32.5 37.3 42.9 49.4 56.813.1 15.1 17.3 19.9 22.9

3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.45.7 6.6 7.5 8.5 9.71.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

68.8 78.2 89.1 101.5 115.8

10.0 10.3 10.6 11.0 11.336.0 37.0 38.2 39.3 40.519.2 22.1 25.4 29.2 33.6

112.2 129.0 148.4 170.7 196.2177.4 198.5 222.6 250.2 281.6

1,214.4 1,385.7 1,738.8 2,099.1 2,571.0

392.4 443.7 501.8 567.4 641.7412.2 474.0 545.1 626.9 720.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0804.6 917.7 1,046.9 1,194.3 1,362.6

2,019.0 2,303.4 2,785.7 3,293.4 3,933.6




UnitHead of Account

1 General Supervision, collection of revenues 11.81 11.81 %2 Education 4.55 4.55 %3 Libraries 7.47 7.47 %4 Public Health 4.66 4.66 %5 Medical Relief 8.91 8.91 %6 Conservancy and Street Cleaning 7.88 7.88 %7 Scavenging, Drains and Sewers -14.91 3.00 %8 Roads and Public Lighting 11.92 11.92 %9 Markets and Slaughter Houses 6.60 6.60 %

10 Licensing, removal of Encroachments 3.13 3.13 %11 Gardens and Open Spaces 7.49 7.49 %12 Development Charges 33.92 15.00 %13 Miscellaneous 13.39 13.39 %14 Building Land Acquisition and Management 7.65 7.65 %15 Reserves for unforeseen 235.01 15.00 %

B. Debt Servicing1 Debt Servicing-Existing



investmentGrand Total Expenditure


2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

58.6 65.5 73.3 81.9 91.6393.8 411.7 430.5 450.0 470.5

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.342.3 44.3 46.4 48.5 50.8

159.9 174.2 189.7 206.6 225.0325.8 351.5 379.1 409.0 441.2

21.9 22.6 23.2 23.9 24.7160.5 179.7 201.1 225.1 251.9

3.9 4.1 4.4 4.7 5.02.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6

71.9 77.3 83.1 89.3 96.04.3 4.9 5.6 6.5 7.5

434.9 493.2 559.2 634.1 719.026.5 28.5 30.7 33.1 35.627.3 31.4 36.2 41.6 47.8

63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 45.9 101.1

1,798.0 1,955.3 2,129.0 2,367.0 2,634.5221.0 348.1 656.7 926.4 1,299.0




UnitHead of Account


A Grants1 Exisitng General Grants 3.54 3.54 %2 Grant-cum-soft loan from State Government -


JNNURM(£)Total- Grants

B Loans1 Exisitng General Loans 17.68 15.00 %

2 Loan from Financial Institutions-JNNURM (expenses will be meet from internal revenues)Total- LoansGrand Total Capital Income

Capital Expenditure1 General Capital Works 2.79 3.002 Solid Waste Management3 Roads 4 Heritage Conservation5 Slum and Poverty Alleivation6 City Environment7 Storm Water Drainage

Grand Total Capital Expenditure

CLOSING BALANCE

Summary of Municipal AccountsOpening Balance

Receipts1 Revenue Account2 Capital Account3 Advances and Deposits


1 Revenue Account2 Capital Account3 Advances and Deposits


2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2

748.9 771.4 794.5 818.4 842.912.8 8.0 6.3

180.0 282.2 267.75.6 19.1 36.8

145.0 86.0 55.015.0 15.5 0.012.5 17.0 8.0

748.9 771.4 1,165.4 1,246.1 1,216.7-74.4 -73.0 -442.3 -497.4 -441.5146.6 275.1 214.4 429.0 857.5

576 851 1,066 1,495 2,352

2,019.0 2,303.4 2,785.7 3,293.4 3,933.6674.5 698.4 723.1 748.7 775.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02,693.5 3,001.8 3,508.8 4,042.1 4,708.8

1,798.0 1,955.3 2,129.0 2,367.0 2,634.5748.9 771.4 1,165.4 1,246.1 1,216.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




UnitHead of Account


Closing Balance

Summary of Financial Indicators1 Operating Ratio2 Capital Utilisation Ratio3 % Establishment cost in Total Rev.Exp.*4 % of Revenue Income on Establishment*5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Rev.Inc.*



(2) It has been assumed that interest on Loan is being waived and hence not considered


2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

2,546.9 2,726.7 3,294.4 3,613.1 3,851.3

576.3 851.4 1,065.8 1,494.8 2,352.3

0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.71.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.6












Revenue Expenditure




UnitHead of Account 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

2,352.3 3,886.1 5,598.0 7,552.92 9,871.27

1724.3 1747.3 1686.4 1828.4 1814.82.6 2.9 3.4 3.9 4.50.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

16.7 16.6 17.5 18.3 19.21.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

149.9 167.2 186.4 207.8 231.7388.4 446.7 513.7 590.8 679.4375.8 432.1 497.0 571.5 657.2

2,659.8 2,815.0 2,906.6 3,223.1 3,409.3

20.6 23.7 27.2 31.3 36.00.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.00.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.21.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.90.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

65.3 75.1 86.4 99.3 114.226.4 30.3 34.9 40.1 46.1

4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.111.1 12.7 14.5 16.5 18.9

1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7132.1 150.9 172.4 197.1 225.5

11.6 12.0 12.3 12.7 13.141.7 42.9 44.2 45.6 46.938.7 44.5 51.1 58.8 67.6

225.7 259.5 298.5 343.2 394.7317.7 358.9 406.2 460.3 522.4

3,109.6 3,324.8 3,485.2 3,880.6 4,157.2

725.6 820.5 927.9 1049.3 1186.5829.0 953.4 1096.4 1260.9 1450.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01,554.6 1,773.9 2,024.3 2,310.1 2,636.54,664.3 5,098.7 5,509.5 6,190.7 6,793.7

Forecast

Rs Crore




UnitHead of Account








2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15Forecast

Rs Crore102.4 114.5 128.0 143.1 160.0491.9 514.3 537.6 562.1 587.6

1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.953.1 55.6 58.2 60.9 63.8

245.0 266.9 290.7 316.6 344.8476.0 513.5 553.9 597.6 644.6

25.4 26.2 26.9 27.7 28.6281.9 315.5 353.1 395.2 442.3

5.3 5.7 6.1 6.5 6.92.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0

103.2 111.0 119.3 128.2 137.88.6 9.9 11.3 13.0 15.0

815.3 924.4 1,048.2 1,188.6 1,347.738.3 41.3 44.4 47.8 51.555.0 63.2 72.7 83.6 96.2

63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0

0.0 0.0 205.0 205.0 205.0

155.4 175.9 175.9 175.9 175.9

2,924.0 3,205.0 3,698.9 4,019.6 4,375.61,740.3 1,893.7 2,015.5 2,376.2 2,623.0




UnitHead of Account









CLOSING BALANCE






2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15Forecast

Rs Crore

802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4

868.2 894.2 921.1 948.7 977.26.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

113.5 109.0 0.0 0.0 0.04.7 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04.0 0.0

1,009.2 1,012.8 921.1 948.7 977.2-206.5 -181.8 -60.6 -57.8 -54.7

1,533.8 1,711.9 1,954.9 2,318.4 2,568.33,886 5,598 7,553 9,871 12,440

4,664.3 5,098.7 5,509.5 6,190.7 6,793.7802.6 831.0 860.4 890.9 922.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05,466.9 5,929.8 6,369.9 7,081.6 7,716.1

2,924.0 3,205.0 3,698.9 4,019.6 4,375.61,009.2 1,012.8 921.1 948.7 977.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




UnitHead of Account


Closing Balance






2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15Forecast

Rs Crore3,933.1 4,217.9 4,620.0 4,968.3 5,352.8

3,886.1 5,598.0 7,552.9 9,871.3 12,439.6

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.61.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1












Revenue Expenditure




UnitHead of Account 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

12,439.57 15,320.22 18,810.23 22,831.57

1814.5 2053.9 2085.6 2124.25.1 5.9 6.8 7.80.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

20.0 20.8 21.5 22.52.0 2.1 2.2 2.3

258.3 288.0 321.1 358.0781.3 898.5 1033.3 1188.3755.8 869.2 999.6 1149.5

3,637.6 4,138.9 4,470.6 4,853.1

41.4 47.6 54.7 62.91.1 1.3 1.5 1.70.2 0.2 0.2 0.22.0 2.1 2.2 2.30.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

131.3 151.0 173.7 199.853.1 61.0 70.2 80.7

5.3 5.4 5.6 5.721.5 24.6 28.1 32.0

1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9258.1 295.4 338.4 387.7

13.5 13.9 14.3 14.748.3 49.8 51.3 52.877.8 89.5 102.9 118.3

453.9 522.0 600.3 690.4593.5 675.2 768.8 876.2

4,489.2 5,109.5 5,577.8 6,117.0

1341.7 1517.3 1715.8 1940.21667.5 1917.6 2205.3 2536.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03,009.2 3,434.9 3,921.0 4,476.37,498.5 8,544.4 9,498.8 10,593.3




UnitHead of Account








2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

178.9 200.1 223.7 250.1614.4 642.3 671.5 702.0

2.0 2.2 2.3 2.566.7 69.8 73.1 76.5

375.5 409.0 445.4 485.1695.4 750.2 809.3 873.1

29.4 30.3 31.2 32.2495.0 554.0 620.1 694.0

7.4 7.8 8.4 8.93.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

148.1 159.2 171.1 184.017.3 19.8 22.8 26.2

1,528.2 1,732.9 1,964.9 2,228.055.4 59.6 64.2 69.1

110.6 127.2 146.3 168.2

63.0 63.0 0.0 0.0

205.0 205.0 205.0 202.0

175.9 175.9 175.9 175.9

4,771.4 5,211.6 5,638.6 6,181.32,932.1 3,537.8 4,065.2 4,614.1




UnitHead of Account









CLOSING BALANCE






2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

955.1 988.9 1023.9 1060.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

955.1 988.9 1,023.9 1,060.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0955.1 988.9 1,023.9 1,060.1

1006.5 1036.7 1067.8 1099.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1,006.5 1,036.7 1,067.8 1,099.8-51.4 -47.8 -43.9 -39.7

2,880.7 3,490.0 4,021.3 4,574.415,320 18,810 22,832 27,406

7,498.5 8,544.4 9,498.8 10,593.3955.1 988.9 1,023.9 1,060.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.08,453.6 9,533.3 10,522.7 11,653.4

4,771.4 5,211.6 5,638.6 6,181.31,006.5 1,036.7 1,067.8 1,099.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




UnitHead of Account


Closing Balance






2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

5,777.9 6,248.3 6,706.3 7,281.1

15,320.2 18,810.2 22,831.6 27,405.9

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.61.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Delhi Jal Board - Financial Plan (On Accrual Basis)

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Opening Balance -3088.42 -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54 -4846.70 -5373.15 -5840.92

Revenue ReceiptsA Water & Sewage Supply

1 Water charges 8.68 15.00% % 177.70 190.10 166.59 206.45 425.00 488.75 562.062 NDMC 9.35 9.35% % 26.12 30.31 25.90 34.65 37.86 41.40 45.273 MES 9.93 9.93% % 7.65 7.08 7.56 10.30 11.25 12.37 13.594 Misc. Income 113.15 15.00% % 2.94 3.31 41.82 29.51 32.09 36.90 42.445 Non-Plan Assistance 14.34 % 190.00 610.64 301.00 284.00 157.00 162.00 167.00

TOTAL REVENUE INCOME 404.41 841.44 542.87 564.91 663.20 741.42 830.37Revenue ExpenditureA. General Administration

1 Establishment 13.79 13.79% % 161.57 177.66 192.49 238.07 270.91 308.28 350.802 Other adminstrative Expenses 172.95 15.00% % 0.00 0.00 10.80 29.49 80.49 92.57 106.453 Power 2.00 3.00% % 222.41 271.14 224.36 236.00 240.71 247.93 255.374 Repair & Maintenance -16.28 3.00% % 26.85 22.09 21.71 15.76 13.19 13.59 14.005 General Stores and Chemicals 4.44 4.44% % 14.99 14.21 15.84 17.08 17.84 18.63 19.466 Cost of Raw Water 56.97 15.00% % 5.69 7.38 22.94 22.00 34.53 39.71 45.678 Property Tax -52.14 3.00% % 45.62 75.87 27.23 5.00 2.39 2.46 2.549 Cess -5.16 3.00% % 3.54 3.78 0.00 3.02 2.86 2.95 3.04

B. Additional O&M1 Additional O&M for New assets 0.00 0.00

C. Debt Servicing1 Debt Servicing-Existing 10.57 10.57% % 410.97 499.14 509.88 555.52 614.22 644.78 700.912 Debt Servicing-Proposed

TOTAL REVENUE EXPENDITURE 891.64 1071.28 1025.26 1121.94 1277.16 1370.90 1498.23 Status- Surplus/Deficit -487.22 -229.84 -482.39 -557.03 -613.96 -629.48 -667.86

Capital ReceiptsA. Grants

1 General Grants -49.35 3.00% % 60.02 58.15 7.50 7.80 8.03 8.28 8.522 Central Government Grants-JNNURM 0.03 State Government Grants-JNNURM 0.0

Annexure 20-2

Actual

Capital Account

Revenue Account

Rs in CroreHead of Account Current Proposed Unit

1


2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Annexure 20-2

Actual

Rs in CroreHead of Account Current Proposed Unit

B. Loans1 General Receipts 16.06 15.00% % 439.45 570.45 601.23 686.96 797.27 916.86 1054.392 Water Supply-JNNURM3 Sewerage-JNNURM4 Others

Total Capital Receipts 499.47 628.60 608.73 694.76 805.30 925.14 1062.91Capital Expenditure

1 General Works 6.36 6.36% % 570.41 594.44 593.62 674.89 717.79 763.42 811.962 Water Supply-JNNURM 267.503 Sewerage-JNNURM 302.504 Others

Total Capital Expenditure 570.41 594.44 593.62 674.89 717.79 763.42 1381.96 Status- Surplus/Deficit -70.94 34.16 15.11 19.87 87.51 161.71 -319.04OVERALL ACCOUNT STATUS -558.16 -195.68 -467.28 -537.16 -526.45 -467.77 -986.91Closing Balance -3646.58 -3842.26 -4309.54 -4846.70 -5373.15 -5840.92 -6827.82

NOTES ON ASSUMPTIONS:

1 The non-Plan assistance has been worked out with a view to meeting the deficit between the Revenue Income and Revenue Expenditure.

2


Opening Balance


1 Water charges 8.68 15.00% %2 NDMC 9.35 9.35% %3 MES 9.93 9.93% %4 Misc. Income 113.15 15.00% %5 Non-Plan Assistance 14.34 %

TOTAL REVENUE INCOMERevenue ExpenditureA. General Administration

1 Establishment 13.79 13.79% %2 Other adminstrative Expenses 172.95 15.00% %3 Power 2.00 3.00% %4 Repair & Maintenance -16.28 3.00% %5 General Stores and Chemicals 4.44 4.44% %6 Cost of Raw Water 56.97 15.00% %8 Property Tax -52.14 3.00% %9 Cess -5.16 3.00% %

B. Additional O&M1 Additional O&M for New assets

C. Debt Servicing1 Debt Servicing-Existing 10.57 10.57% %2 Debt Servicing-Proposed



1 General Grants -49.35 3.00% %2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM3 State Government Grants-JNNURM

Annexure 20-2

Capital Account

Revenue Account

Head of Account Current Proposed Unit 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

-6827.82 -7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90 -9251.94 -8851.48 -8030.38

775.65 891.99 1025.79 1415.59 1627.93 1872.12 2583.5359.41 64.97 71.05 93.23 101.95 111.49 146.3017.93 19.71 21.67 28.58 31.42 34.54 45.5658.57 67.35 77.45 106.89 122.92 141.36 195.07

179.00 300.00 400.00 325.00 322.00 320.00 127.001090.56 1344.03 1595.96 1969.29 2206.23 2479.51 3097.47

399.18 454.25 516.90 588.20 669.33 761.66 866.72122.42 140.78 161.90 186.19 214.11 246.23 283.17263.03 270.92 279.05 287.42 296.05 304.93 314.0714.42 14.85 15.30 15.76 16.23 16.71 17.2220.32 21.23 22.17 23.15 24.18 25.25 26.3852.52 60.40 69.46 79.88 91.86 105.64 121.482.61 2.69 2.77 2.86 2.94 3.03 3.123.13 3.22 3.32 3.42 3.52 3.63 3.74

117.42 238.45 334.75 402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94

819.34 935.88 1029.67 1093.79 1110.23 1062.18 963.65

1814.40 2142.67 2435.29 2683.59 2831.39 2932.19 3002.47-723.85 -798.65 -839.33 -714.30 -625.17 -452.69 94.99

8.78 9.04 9.31 9.59 9.88 10.18 10.480.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Rs in Crore

Forecast

3

Delhi Jal Board - Financial Plan (On Accrual Basis)Annexure 20-2

Head of Account Current Proposed Unit

B. Loans1 General Receipts 16.06 15.00% %2 Water Supply-JNNURM3 Sewerage-JNNURM4 Others


1 General Works 6.36 6.36% %2 Water Supply-JNNURM3 Sewerage-JNNURM4 Others

Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/DeficitOVERALL ACCOUNT STATUSClosing Balance



2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15Rs in Crore

Forecast

1212.55 1394.43 1603.59 1844.13 2120.75 2438.87 2804.70

1221.33 1403.47 1612.91 1853.73 2130.63 2449.04 2815.18

863.57 918.47 976.86 1038.96 1105.01 1175.26 1249.97257.50 165.15 83.50 50.00347.63 302.77 247.51 187.50

1468.70 1386.39 1307.87 1276.46 1105.01 1175.26 1249.97-247.37 17.08 305.04 577.27 1025.63 1273.79 1565.21-971.22 -781.57 -534.29 -137.03 400.46 821.10 1660.21

-7799.04 -8580.61 -9114.90 -9251.94 -8851.48 -8030.38 -6370.17

4


Opening Balance


1 Water charges 8.68 15.00% %2 NDMC 9.35 9.35% %3 MES 9.93 9.93% %4 Misc. Income 113.15 15.00% %5 Non-Plan Assistance 14.34 %

TOTAL REVENUE INCOMERevenue ExpenditureA. General Administration

1 Establishment 13.79 13.79% %2 Other adminstrative Expenses 172.95 15.00% %3 Power 2.00 3.00% %4 Repair & Maintenance -16.28 3.00% %5 General Stores and Chemicals 4.44 4.44% %6 Cost of Raw Water 56.97 15.00% %8 Property Tax -52.14 3.00% %9 Cess -5.16 3.00% %

B. Additional O&M1 Additional O&M for New assets

C. Debt Servicing1 Debt Servicing-Existing 10.57 10.57% %2 Debt Servicing-Proposed



1 General Grants -49.35 3.00% %2 Central Government Grants-JNNURM3 State Government Grants-JNNURM

Annexure 20-2

Capital Account

Revenue Account

Head of Account Current Proposed Unit 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

-6370.17 -3932.75 -531.48 4856.23 11943.51 19669.28

2971.06 3416.72 4715.07 5422.33 6235.68 8605.24159.99 174.96 229.59 251.06 274.55 360.2850.09 55.06 72.63 79.84 87.76 115.77

224.33 257.98 356.02 409.42 470.83 649.75120.00 110.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3525.47 4014.71 5373.30 6162.65 7068.82 9731.03

986.27 1122.31 1277.12 1453.27 1653.73 1881.84325.64 374.49 430.66 495.26 569.55 654.98323.50 333.20 343.20 353.49 364.10 375.0217.73 18.26 18.81 19.38 19.96 20.5627.55 28.77 30.05 31.38 32.78 34.23

139.70 160.66 184.76 212.47 244.34 280.993.22 3.31 3.41 3.51 3.62 3.733.85 3.96 4.08 4.21 4.33 4.46

402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94 402.94

764.42 471.93 63.78 -582.75

2994.81 2919.84 2758.80 2393.17 3295.34 3658.75530.65 1094.88 2614.50 3769.48 3773.48 6072.28

10.80 11.12 11.45 11.80 12.15 12.520.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5

Delhi Jal Board - Financial Plan (On Accrual Basis)Annexure 20-2

Head of Account Current Proposed Unit

B. Loans1 General Receipts 16.06 15.00% %2 Water Supply-JNNURM3 Sewerage-JNNURM4 Others


1 General Works 6.36 6.36% %2 Water Supply-JNNURM3 Sewerage-JNNURM4 Others

Total Capital Expenditure Status- Surplus/DeficitOVERALL ACCOUNT STATUSClosing Balance



2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

3225.40 3709.21 4265.59 4905.43 5641.25 6487.44

3236.20 3720.33 4277.05 4917.23 5653.40 6499.95

1329.43 1413.94 1503.83 1599.43 1701.11 1809.25

1329.43 1413.94 1503.83 1599.43 1701.11 1809.251906.77 2306.39 2773.22 3317.80 3952.29 4690.702437.42 3401.26 5387.71 7087.28 7725.77 10762.98

-3932.75 -531.48 4856.23 11943.51 19669.28 30432.26

6

Annexure 20-3- New Delhi Municipal Council- Financial Plan2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04


Opening Balance 6.35 74.24 280.41

A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUETaxes:House tax Govt property 15.75 15.00 % 7.17 9.24 15.76 16.14 Private property 2.41 3.00 % 82.29 101.02 117.05 111.74Theater Tax 37.21 15.00 % 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01Tax on Advertisement 35.32 15.00 % 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.08Duty on Transfer of Property 10.23 10.23 % 7.10 6.10 5.58 7.95Other Taxes 70.41 15.00 % 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02Building related receipts 10.59 10.59 % 1.32 1.18 1.40 0.84Fees & Fines:Fines 26.51 15.00 % 0.14 0.07 0.26 0.21Composition Fee 36.73 3.00 % 1.12 1.41 5.04 1.58Sewer Connection fee -13.44 3.00 % 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.17Compounding Fee -4.67 3.00 % 0.13 0.20 0.21 0.12Inspection Fee -51.25 15.00 % 0.01 0.17 0.00 0.61Others 103.93 3.00 % 0.06 0.06 0.40 0.06

Sub-Total (A) 99.47 119.67 145.89 139.54B. OTHERSInterest 99.81 15.00 % 30.28 24.55 32.53 27.43Administrative Dept. 244.87 15.00 % 6.83 0.41 5.32 0.46Social Services -8.81 3.00 % 4.24 3.43 3.31 3.43Electricity -5.59 3.00 % 470.32 483.71 534.14 534.70Water Supply 423225.00 15.00 % 0.00 2.02 0.00 15.02Other Municipal works -5.38 3.00 % 94.23 97.14 112.40 97.92

Sub-Total (B) 605.89 611.26 687.71 678.96

In Rs. Crore

Actuals

UnitHead of Account

Receipts

Current Proposed

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04In Rs. CroreUnitHead of Account Current Proposed

C. EXTERNAL REVENUEAdvances to Employees -15.64 3.00 % 1.56 1.46 1.29 1.38External Asistance 20.91 15.00 % 12.39 15.53 17.10 15.60Assigned Taxes 23.83 15.00 % 3.36 4.28 6.28 6.39

Sub-Total (C) 17.32 21.27 24.67 23.36TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C) 722.68 752.20 858.27 841.86

Collection of Taxes & Duties 2.44 3.00 % 0.92 0.95 1.20 1.27Interest -48.17 3.00 % 42.85 7.11 5.44 4.83Administrative Dept 13.05 13.05 % 110.58 125.15 167.92 139.38Education -2.98 3.00 % 38.88 37.74 39.38 43.53Medical & Public Health 2.31 3.00 % 51.05 51.69 51.08 63.60Animal Husbandry -7.64 3.00 % 0.38 0.40 0.46 0.40Other social services -2.53 3.00 % 17.86 22.04 18.75 19.20Palika Parking -17.10 3.00 % 0.88 0.87 0.68 0.57Indoor Stadium 2.40 3.00 % 0.62 0.80 0.73 0.64Night Shelters -23.75 3.00 % 0.43 0.31 0.35 0.39Contribution to NDF -100.00 3.00 % 2.98 0.00 0.00 0.00Electricity Supply 1.16 3.00 % 268.66 326.44 330.80 344.49Water Supply -3.01 3.00 % 54.40 45.05 37.96 46.87Roads 22.07 15.00 % 4.25 8.41 10.35 11.32Other Municipal Works 4.15 4.15 % 55.36 52.18 58.09 61.59Advances to Employees -22.66 3.00 % 1.44 1.43 1.04 0.94External Assistance 37.08 15.00 % 40.23 12.25 10.46 7.34B. Debt ServicingDebt Servicing-Existing 0.0 0.0 0.0Debt Servicing- ProposedC. Additional O&MAdditional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM investmentTOTAL EXPENDITURE 691.79 692.83 734.66 746.38

Expenditure

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04In Rs. CroreUnitHead of Account Current Proposed

Surplus/Deficit 30.89 59.37 123.61 95.48


External Assistance 35.79 15.00 % 6.98 8.02 6.72 13.57Deposit Works -2.25 3.00 % 19.86 10.66 18.41 7.92Contribution to NDMC %Contribution State and Central %TOTAL 26.83 18.68 25.13 21.49

Administrative Dept. 493.27 15.00 % 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.03Education 1.19 3.00 % 1.27 1.27 1.16 1.24Medical & Public Health 16.03 15.00 % 4.44 5.23 5.13 3.40Animal Husbandry -100.00 3.00 % 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00Other Social Sevices -3.16 3.00 % 4.19 3.86 3.86 3.27Electricity Supply 28.60 15.00 % 3.96 8.42 4.66 9.99Water Supply 0.07 3.00 % 1.21 2.15 1.60 0.98Roads 23.24 15.00 % 7.98 6.64 6.09 14.52Other Municipal Works -3.98 3.00 % 16.76 11.02 10.33 15.56Deposit Works -4.75 3.00 % 15.60 12.16 8.03 6.11New Development WorksTOTAL 55.44 50.84 41.04 55.10Surplus/Deficit -24.55 8.53 82.57 40.38OVERALL ACCOUNTS 6.35 67.89 206.18 135.87CLOSING BALANCE 6.35 74.24 280.41 416.28

Expenditure

Receipts

Annexure 20-3- New Delhi Municipal Council- Financial Plan


Opening Balance

A. TAXES, DUTIES & OTHER PRINCIPAL REVENUETaxes:House tax Govt property 15.75 15.00 Private property 2.41 3.00Theater Tax 37.21 15.00Tax on Advertisement 35.32 15.00Duty on Transfer of Property 10.23 10.23

Other Taxes 70.41 15.00Building related receipts 10.59 10.59Fees & Fines:Fines 26.51 15.00Composition Fee 36.73 3.00Sewer Connection fee -13.44 3.00Compounding Fee -4.67 3.00Inspection Fee -51.25 15.00Others 103.93 3.00

Sub-Total (A)B. OTHERSInterest 99.81 15.00Administrative Dept. 244.87 15.00Social Services -8.81 3.00Electricity -5.59 3.00Water Supply 423225.00 15.00Other Municipal works -5.38 3.00

Sub-Total (B)

Head of Account

Receipts

Current Proposed2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

416.28 631.30 856.64 1094.23 1339.86

17.28 19.87 22.85 26.28 30.22130.32 134.23 138.26 142.40 146.68

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.010.10 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17

13.28 14.63 16.13 17.78 19.60

0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06

2.02 2.24 2.47 2.73 3.02

0.16 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.28

1.59 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.79

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14

0.25 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.43

0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08

165.24 173.45 182.34 191.99 202.50

178.94 205.78 236.65 272.15 312.97

1.28 1.47 1.69 1.94 2.23

4.17 4.30 4.42 4.56 4.69

537.34 553.46 570.06 587.16 604.78

14.46 16.63 19.12 21.99 25.29

109.75 113.04 116.43 119.93 123.52

845.93 894.67 948.38 1007.72 1073.48

Head of Account Current ProposedC. EXTERNAL REVENUEAdvances to Employees -15.64 3.00External Asistance 20.91 15.00Assigned Taxes 23.83 15.00

Sub-Total (C)TOTAL RECEIPTS (A+B+C)

Collection of Taxes & Duties 2.44 3.00Interest -48.17 3.00Administrative Dept 13.05 13.05Education -2.98 3.00Medical & Public Health 2.31 3.00Animal Husbandry -7.64 3.00Other social services -2.53 3.00Palika Parking -17.10 3.00Indoor Stadium 2.40 3.00Night Shelters -23.75 3.00Contribution to NDF -100.00 3.00Electricity Supply 1.16 3.00Water Supply -3.01 3.00Roads 22.07 15.00Other Municipal Works 4.15 4.15Advances to Employees -22.66 3.00External Assistance 37.08 15.00B. Debt ServicingDebt Servicing-ExistingDebt Servicing- ProposedC. Additional O&MAdditional O&M of New Assets through JNNURM investmentTOTAL EXPENDITURE

Expenditure

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

1.06 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.20

34.05 39.16 45.03 51.79 59.56

11.29 12.98 14.93 17.16 19.74

46.40 53.23 61.09 70.12 80.491057.57 1121.35 1191.80 1269.83 1356.47

1.33 1.37 1.41 1.45 1.50

1.89 1.94 2.00 2.06 2.12

228.33 258.12 291.80 329.88 372.93

45.72 47.09 48.50 49.95 51.45

73.51 75.71 77.99 80.32 82.73

0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39

20.57 21.19 21.82 22.48 23.15

0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.62

0.86 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.97

0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09

1.00 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.13

367.27 378.29 389.64 401.33 413.37

61.13 62.97 64.85 66.80 68.80

9.44 10.86 12.49 14.36 16.52

87.16 90.78 94.55 98.47 102.56

0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70

33.83 38.90 44.74 51.45 59.16

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.014.7

0.0 0.0 1.3933.65 990.79 1053.47 1122.35 1214.24

Head of Account Current Proposed

Surplus/DeficitPART II : CAPITAL INCOME & EXPENDITURE

External Assistance 35.79 15.00Deposit Works -2.25 3.00Contribution to NDMCContribution State and CentralTOTAL

Administrative Dept. 493.27 15.00Education 1.19 3.00Medical & Public Health 16.03 15.00Animal Husbandry -100.00 3.00Other Social Sevices -3.16 3.00Electricity Supply 28.60 15.00Water Supply 0.07 3.00Roads 23.24 15.00Other Municipal Works -3.98 3.00Deposit Works -4.75 3.00New Development WorksTOTALSurplus/DeficitOVERALL ACCOUNTSCLOSING BALANCE

Expenditure

Receipts

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

123.93 130.56 138.33 147.48 142.24

10.74 12.35 14.20 16.33 18.78

10.66 10.98 11.31 11.65 12.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

21.40 23.33 25.51 27.98 30.78

0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05

0.76 0.78 0.81 0.83 0.86

3.34 3.84 4.42 5.08 5.85

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.95 2.00 2.06 2.13 2.19

3.22 3.70 4.26 4.89 5.63

0.40 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45

9.61 11.05 12.71 14.62 16.81

7.80 8.03 8.27 8.52 8.78

5.74 5.91 6.08 6.27 6.46

0.00 6.50 9.27

32.84 35.77 39.08 49.32 56.3491.08 94.79 99.25 98.15 85.90

215.01 225.35 237.59 245.63 228.14631.30 856.64 1094.23 1339.86 1568.00



Opening Balance




Sub-Total (B)

Head of Account

Receipts


1568.00 1811.61 2076.64 2369.90 2701.92

34.75 39.97 45.96 52.85 60.78151.08 155.61 160.28 165.08 170.04

0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.030.20 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.35

21.60 23.81 26.25 28.93 31.89

0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12

3.34 3.70 4.09 4.52 5.00

0.32 0.37 0.42 0.49 0.56

1.85 1.90 1.96 2.02 2.08

0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16

0.49 0.57 0.65 0.75 0.86

0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09

213.96 226.49 240.23 255.34 271.97

359.91 413.90 475.98 547.38 629.49

2.57 2.95 3.39 3.90 4.49

4.83 4.98 5.13 5.28 5.44

622.92 641.61 660.86 680.68 701.10

29.08 33.45 38.46 44.23 50.87

127.23 131.05 134.98 139.03 143.20

1146.55 1227.93 1318.80 1420.51 1534.59

Forecast




Expenditure

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

1.23 1.27 1.31 1.35 1.39

68.49 78.76 90.58 104.16 119.79

22.70 26.11 30.02 34.52 39.70

92.42 106.14 121.91 140.04 160.881452.93 1560.56 1680.95 1815.89 1967.44

1.54 1.59 1.64 1.69 1.74

2.19 2.25 2.32 2.39 2.46

421.59 476.60 538.79 609.09 688.57

53.00 54.59 56.22 57.91 59.65

85.22 87.77 90.41 93.12 95.91

0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.46

23.85 24.56 25.30 26.06 26.84

0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72

1.00 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.13

0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11

1.16 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.30

425.77 438.54 451.70 465.25 479.21

70.87 72.99 75.18 77.44 79.76

19.00 21.84 25.12 28.89 33.22

106.81 111.25 115.86 120.67 125.68

0.72 0.74 0.77 0.79 0.81

68.04 78.24 89.98 103.48 119.00

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.014.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7

3.1 5.3 7.3 9.5 9.51299.68 1394.37 1498.79 1614.56 1740.75





Expenditure

Receipts

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

153.25 166.19 182.16 201.33 226.70

21.60 24.84 28.56 32.85 37.77

12.36 12.73 13.11 13.51 13.91

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

33.96 37.57 41.67 46.35 51.68

0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10

0.88 0.91 0.94 0.96 0.99

6.72 7.73 8.89 10.22 11.76

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.25 2.32 2.39 2.46 2.54

6.47 7.44 8.56 9.84 11.32

0.47 0.48 0.50 0.51 0.53

19.33 22.23 25.57 29.40 33.81

9.04 9.31 9.59 9.88 10.17

6.65 6.85 7.05 7.27 7.48

11.01 10.00 7.50 0.00 0.00

62.89 67.34 71.06 70.64 78.7190.36 98.84 111.10 130.69 147.99

243.61 265.03 293.26 332.01 374.691811.61 2076.64 2369.90 2701.92 3076.60



Opening Balance




Sub-Total (B)

Head of Account

Receipts


3076.60 3502.40 4018.75 4608.24 5285.10

69.90 80.38 92.44 106.31 122.25175.14 180.39 185.80 191.38 197.12

0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.050.40 0.46 0.53 0.61 0.70

35.15 38.75 42.71 47.08 51.89

0.13 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.23

5.53 6.12 6.77 7.48 8.28

0.64 0.74 0.85 0.98 1.13

2.14 2.20 2.27 2.34 2.41

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19

0.99 1.14 1.31 1.51 1.74

0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11

290.34 310.66 333.20 358.24 386.11

723.91 832.50 957.37 1100.98 1266.13

5.16 5.94 6.83 7.85 9.03

5.60 5.77 5.95 6.12 6.31

722.14 743.80 766.11 789.10 812.77

58.50 67.27 77.36 88.97 102.31

147.49 151.92 156.48 161.17 166.01

1662.81 1807.20 1970.10 2154.19 2362.55




Expenditure

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

1.43 1.47 1.52 1.56 1.61

137.76 158.42 182.18 209.51 240.94

45.66 52.51 60.38 69.44 79.86

184.85 212.40 244.09 280.52 322.412137.99 2330.27 2547.38 2792.94 3071.07

1.79 1.84 1.90 1.95 2.01

2.54 2.61 2.69 2.77 2.85

778.42 879.99 994.82 1124.63 1271.37

61.44 63.28 65.18 67.13 69.15

98.79 101.75 104.81 107.95 111.19

0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.53

27.65 28.48 29.33 30.21 31.12

0.74 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.83

1.16 1.19 1.23 1.27 1.31

0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12

1.34 1.38 1.43 1.47 1.51

493.58 508.39 523.64 539.35 555.53

82.16 84.62 87.16 89.77 92.47

38.21 43.94 50.53 58.11 66.82

130.89 136.32 141.98 147.87 154.01

0.84 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.94

136.85 157.37 180.98 208.13 239.34

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.014.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.51881.15 2022.89 2197.44 2392.45 2610.60





Expenditure

Receipts

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

256.85 307.38 349.95 400.49 460.47

43.44 49.96 57.45 66.07 75.98

14.33 14.76 15.20 15.66 16.13

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

57.77 64.71 72.65 81.72 92.10

0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.21

1.02 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.15

13.52 15.55 17.88 20.56 23.65

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.61 2.69 2.77 2.86 2.94

13.02 14.97 17.21 19.80 22.77

0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.61

38.88 44.72 51.42 59.14 68.01

10.48 10.79 11.12 11.45 11.79

7.71 7.94 8.18 8.42 8.68

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

87.91 98.41 110.40 124.12 139.80168.94 208.97 239.54 276.37 320.67425.79 516.35 589.49 676.86 781.14

3502.40 4018.75 4608.24 5285.10 6066.25

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 21 : Institutional Reforms

Chapter – 21 Institutional Reforms


21-1

CHAPTER - 21 INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

21.1 INTRODUCTION

Delhi is a mega city with a projected population of 23 million in 2021. In addition, it is anticipated that another 2 million will commute to the city each day. From the analysis of the present administrative and political set-up in the NCT, it is clear that for meeting the future requirements of citizens for urban infrastructure, and a clean living environment; as well as to ensure shelter and facilities for the urban poor, much will need to be done. Re-organisation of institutions, improvements and capacity building programs are needed to meet the needs of managing Delhi 2021. This chapter discusses the agenda for institutional reforms in city governance and urban poor. It also reviews the institutional reform initiatives already undertaken at the ULB level and State Government level to successfully implement and operate the JnNURM projects.

21.2 REVIEW OF ISSUES IN GOVERNANCE Delhi is a city state and most of its geographical area is included within the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). A small area is covered by New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC), a body under the Central Government; and an equal area is under the Cantonment Board. The city is divided into 9 districts for administrative purposes, as well as for the regulation of law and order (by Delhi Police). The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has demarcated the area under it’s jurisdiction into twelve zones for the purposes of service delivery. The present relationship between the MCD and the Delhi Government is rather nebulous. The DMC Act, 1957 was enacted without provision for a Legislative Assembly in Delhi, which was constituted only in 1992-93. The State Government, however, has not been given powers with respect to issues concerning land and law and order, which continue to be retained by the Central Government (acting through the Lt. Governor). The main planning authority for the city - Delhi Development Authority - also reports to the Central Government. This constrains the ability of the Delhi Government to respond to identified needs in the city. Further more, in several areas, the functions of Delhi Government often overlap with those of MCD, since the geographical boundaries of the city and the state are, in effect, co-terminus. In principal, parastatal organizations for transportation and water supply report to the Delhi Government, while solid waste management, sewerage, street lighting remain the responsibility of MCD. In practice, there are many areas of conflicting and fragmented jurisdictions. The following table traces the evolution of governance in the city since independence in 1947. Period Governing Institutions 1947-1952 Government of India

1952-1956 Self Governing State with the Legislative Assembly of 48 members

1956 Delhi Legislative Assembly abolished 1956-1966 Directly Administered Union Territory and the Birth of the



21-2

Delhi Administration

1957 Delhi Municipal Corporation & Delhi Development Authority created

1966 Metropolitan Council set up under the Delhi Administration Act

1980 – 83 No Metropolitan Council as it was dissolved by the Central Government

1990 Central Government dissolved Metropolitan Council

1992 onwards Elected Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi with a Council of Ministers led by the Chief Minister

Key issues in governance in Delhi stem from the role that the city plays as the National Capital, alongside the expectations of citizens for an effective local government. While it is in the National interest that the Central government should continue to retain a certain degree of control in the Capital city, the demands of the citizens for a local government that incorporates participation effectively cannot be ignored. With the current arrangement in the city, this latter aspiration is difficult to fulfill. This aspect and other key issues are enumerated below: • Four tiers of governance are represented in the city: Center, State, City

and Ward level. • The city, also being a state with the same boundary, has two elected

representatives as head; as well as two executive heads, with overlapping functions

• Poor coordination between the primary agency for city planning, and local,

or State Government • Planning Boundaries in the City (DDA - 15) do not coincide with Zonal

boundaries (MCD – 12); and both have no relation to the District boundaries, or functional subdivisions followed by Delhi Police (9)

• The Metropolitan Planning Committee, mandated for Metro cities by the

74th CAA, has not been instituted in Delhi

21.3 MEASURES ALREADY INITIATED FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE

The Government of NCT of Delhi through its Department of Administrative Reforms has been taking measures that cut across departments of the Government of NCTD; agencies and institutions to monitor the progress made by them. The means used to achieve improvements include :(i) promotion of the role of civil society, people’s participation & decentralization. This has sought to be achieved through the introduction of the Bhagidari Scheme (ii) Institution of preventive vigilance through introduction of E-governance for the citizens of Delhi;(iii) setting up of a dynamic website leading to e-governance for departments/agencies; (iv) Instituting the Right of the citizen to information; (v) Instituting of a mechanism to redress public grievances, of which establishment of the Public Grievances Commission is the main element; (vi) Civil and procedural reforms; synergy and Coordination and (vii) empowerment of the weak.



21-3

To promote the role of civil society, people’s participation & decentralization in governance, the Bhagidari Scheme has been introduced within government departments and its agencies including those under the Union Government (Refer Box 21.1).

Box 21.1: Bhagidari-The Citizen’s Partnership in Governance In line with the ideological concept of involving the common man in governance, in December 1998 the Government of NCTD outlined a philosophy for governance – responsive to and in partnership with the citizen – known as Bhagirdari. This has specifically stemmed from the belief that Government must work in partnership with the people and that the Citizens must feel that successful and meaningful governance cannot be achieved without their involvement and their role. To evolve a mechanism for putting the concept of Bhagidari into practice, wide consultations were initiated with various citizen groups - Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), Market and Traders Associations (MTAs) and other NGOs. Discussions were also held with MCD, DDA, NDMC, Delhi Vidyut Board, DJB, Delhi Police and the Department of Environment and Forest. These departments subsequently became the participating Departments in the Bhagidari Programme. Launched in January 2000, Bhagidari, the Citizen’s Partnership in Governance is conceived to be a means for facilitating citywide changes in Delhi; utilising processes and principles of multi-stakeholders (citizen groups, NGOs, the Government) collaboration; applying the method of Large Group Interactive Events; developing ‘joint ownership’ by the citizens and government of the change process, and facilitating people’s participation in governance. The programme has become popular leading to major initiatives under it since January, 2002:- • Water Conservation and Water Harvesting by Delhi Jal Board & Urban

Development Department • Anti Plastic and Anti-littering campaign by Environment and Forest Department • Programmes for the welfare of Senior Citizens • Reforms in Hospital Management & Quality Control by Health & Family Welfare

Department. ‘Janhit Society’ in each major hospital has been set up with representation from RWAs of the area and other citizen groups.

• Students Welfare Committee for Government • In addition to the above programmes, Bhagidari has taken Industry Associations in

conforming areas of the city in it’s span. In Conforming Industrial Areas of Delhi have been made Bhagidars through their Industrial Associations. A High power Apex level Committee of senior officers and representatives of industry is to prepare the policy frame work for growth and development of Industries in Delhi.

21.3.1 E-Governance

In pursuance of the objective of improving governance, bringing openness and transparency and providing citizen-friendly services the Government of NCT of Delhi has initiated E-governance, with emphasis on "preventive vigilance". It is anticipated that provision of information electronically, rather than over the counter would reduce citizen’s visits to offices and their interaction with officials. A dynamic web-site, linked to various departments / agencies of the government provides on-line services, including e-applications. Also incorporated is a system of making on line complaints; checking the status of the complaint, sending a reminder and suggestions. It is expected that adoption of such measures would, in the long run, help in curbing the menace of corruption and minimize it to a large extent.



21-4

21.4 AGENDA AND OBJECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS The agenda for further institutional reforms must be guided by the following broad objectives: • To clearly institute a political and administrative nodal agency, which could

provide effective governance to the NCT; • To ensure that the function and powers of this agency and its constituents,

match their responsibilities and make them fully accountable. • To enable clarity of jurisdiction of various agencies coming into contact

with the people and entrusted with various responsibilities • To structure administration such that it reaches the people and vice versa,

to solve their problems • To evolve an effective system of metropolitan planning, keeping in view the

needs of planning in the context of NCR ; • To strengthen and build capacity within the GNCTD, its constituents and

other agencies entrusted with relevant tasks, so that improvements can be brought about, even while further institutional changes are being considered;

• To make the primary focus of the system and its constituents the

functional requirements of management of Delhi 21;

21.5 TOWARDS AN APPROPRIATE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SET-UP FOR DELHI

The setting up of the GNCTD in 1993 with a chief Minister and council of Ministers responsible to the legislative assembly could be considered to be a landmark in the chequered political and administrative history of Delhi. The full potential of this change can be realized if the strategies outlined below are developed further for application in the city:

21.5.1 Safeguarding of Capital City Functions

Since Delhi is the National Capital, the role of the Central Government in the city is inevitable. However, the requirements of the role of capital city can be geographically contained within a defined area, freeing up the rest of the city for local governance.

21.5.2 Land Management (in areas outside the Capital City Area) As per the final recommendations of the Balakrishanan Report “GNCTD cannot tackle problems related to slums/JJ clusters and unauthorized constructions in Delhi, so long as the responsibility for land management is not given to them fully”. Responsibility for land management outside the area designated as the capital city would have to be clearly assigned in a manner that involves the State Government more fully



21-5

21.5.3 Streamlining structure and role of State and City level elected representatives

Already the MCD controls a far larger area than any corporation in the country, and is stretched to manage its functions. It is clear that one Municipal Corporation for 23 million people by 2021 is unwieldy. As per the 74th CAA, no ward should have more than 30,000 persons. This would mean 766 councilors or 1,64,000 persons per ward with no increase in number of councilors. The area outside the capital city area be could thus be sub-divided into zones (not necessarily matching the current zonal demarcations) to form Zonal Councils. (as is the case in Greater Tokyo, Greater Cairo, Metro Manila etc). This should be done keeping in view their financial & operational viability. Each zone would thus elect ward councilors to a council. The council may be headed by a Deputy Mayor. Deputy Mayors of all Zonal Councils would report directly to the Chief Minister of the State (eliminating the duality in elected heads that currently exists). The GNCTD, through legislation by the parliament, should thus be delegated powers and functions relating to municipal management. While this may seem to be undermining the urban local body, the actual impact will be to strengthen or streamline local representation.

21.5.4 Role of Zonal Councils/Corporations (ZC) The Zonal Council will be responsible for all municipal functions (relating to the provision of services, operation and management of resources) within its boundaries. In addition, it will undertake the preparation of zonal level plans within each zone; and the local area plan within each ward. Planning staff may be transferred from DDA for this purpose. Capacity building measures for the Zonal Councils would broadly include: • Creation of a data base and MIS for property tax: • Creation of a similar system for monitoring of civic services: • Preparation of bye laws for regulation of various activities • Training in the modalities involved in working with the private sector and

raising of resources from the market. This recommended structure for governance is depicted graphically in the figure below:



21-6

21.5.5 Rationalization of Planning Boundaries

There are huge citizen unfriendly overlaps within the geographic boundaries of NCTD which need to be rationalized. The worst of all the overlaps is that of the Mater Plan Zones by DDA (15 no) and MCD zones (12 no. NDMC + CPB). As most of the citizen interactions involve these two authorities, this needs to be reviwed.

21.5.6 Metropolitan Planning Committee

Article 243 (1) of the constitution states , “There shall be constituted in every Metropolitan Area a Metropolitan Planning Committee to prepare a Draft Development Plan for the metropolitan area as a whole” Delhi being a Metropolitan Area, such a committee is required to fill the gap which exists today in the vital area of planning. This committee will be responsible for coordinating the zonal level plans prepared by the zonal councils, keeping overall priorities in mind, and preparing a Draft Development Plan for the city as a whole. This Draft Development Plan will be updated on a continuous basis. The Constitution has provided for the broad set up of the committee (which is to be chaired by the CM) and the functions to be performed, and left it to the state legislature to fill up the gaps.

21.5.7 Role of Delhi Development Authority

The DDA can be incorporated into the MPC, to perform the following functions: (a) Perspective Planning; (b) making available serviced land (land connected to city level networks) in development areas; (c) monitoring development. In effect, it’s officials will perform planning and regulatory functions for all types of development. The auctions policy for land disposal should be abandoned in favour of market price allocation, and no land or built space is to be held back for long from development. Actual execution of development (construction) should be entrusted to the private sector - including individuals, co-operatives as well as private developers – and be regulated and monitored by a cell within the MPC.

ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES

WARD COUNCILLOR

DEPUTY MAYOR

MLA

CHIEF MINISTER

ZONAL COMMISSIONER

UDD SECRETARY

CHIEF SECRETARY

EXECUTIVE WING



21-7

Experience over the past 40 years has shown that the private sector is far better equipped to respond to various segments of demand, than a public sector agency. It will be critical to ensure, however, that land is released for all segments and uses in proportion to the registered / estimated demand. In this respect, it may be necessary for an agency of the MPC to carry out a limited programme of housing specifically targeted at the lower income groups (if the private sector cannot be attracted into this activity through concessions) Decisions relating to the development and release of land for specific uses will vest with the State Government (acting on the recommendations of the MPC), and be vetted by the Lt. Governor.

21.5.8 Constitution of an Urban Renewal Corporation (URC) As mentioned previously, Delhi has a unique opportunity in that there are large tracts of land in the heart of the city that are developed at low densities, and are currently occupied by inefficient uses. These public housing estates lie both within the NDMC limits, as well in the MCD area. Urban land is a key resource, and its management is critical to the efficiency and success of any urban area. This is keenly realized in cities that face constraints in the availability of land, such as Singapore1, but is equally important in cities, where a rural belt is available for expansion. London, for example, is currently undertaking the wholesale development of derelict tracts in east London, to make space for the additional 8,00,000 or so people anticipated in the capital city by 2016. Similarly, by some estimates, Manhattan was re-built in 8–10 phases during the last 100 years. The redeployment of inefficiently used land to meet changing requirements must thus be an on-going process, if cities are to remain at the forefront of economic growth. It is thus proposed to • Establish an Urban Renewal Commission, that will actively plan and initiate

the renewal / redevelopment of entire blocks in the city; • Develop a process for renewal that benefits all stakeholders - the owners,

the tenants, developers and the municipality; • Create a special cell within the URC that will be responsible for the renewal

of the Walled City. Since requirements and constraints are different in this area, this cell must be empowered with special instruments to promote redevelopment within a special (heritage) framework. Eg. Extra FSI could be granted as incentive to redevelop buildings in accordance to specific guidelines.

The Urban Renewal Commission will serve as an intermediary between various stakeholders, suggest a structure for redevelopment, manage the process in a transparent manner; and arbitrate disputes

21.5.9 Water Management Management of water supply and sewerage is among the most important aspects for improving the environment and public health in Delhi. The newly

1 Urban Planning in Singapore is under the charge of an Urban Redevelopment Authority, that redeploys it’s limited land resources to meet changing needs on a continuous basis.



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set up DJB has to gear itself up to discharge these functions. Autonomy and professional management of the DJB has become critical in view of the likely scarcity of raw water in the not too distant future. The following specific measure need to be taken in this regard: • Rationalisation of staffing pattern • Use of commercial meters and other equipment to monitor water supply

and prevent leakage of water; • Promotion of participation of private sector in various managements

functions of the board; • Creation of a GIS database of the entire distribution network and other key

assets • Continuous Research and Development • Practical implementation of waste water recycling technologies It is further proposed that responsibilities and functions related to storm water drainage, surface water, ground water and rain water harvesting be vested with a single authority, specially created for the purpose.

21.6 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS

21.6.1 Institutional Structure – Slum Housing Corporation (SHC)

Delhi along with other metropolitan towns in the country faces the acute problem of the proliferation of slums and squatter settlements. The problem of slums in city is two pronged (i) Legislative: There is no Slum Act supporting the draft policy; (ii) Institutional: Slum Department is mainly performing the role of slum clearances in accordance to the requirements of the land owning agency. It lacks adequate resources to perform a pro-active role in the management of shelter for the poor It is recommended that the current institutional framework be reorganized in order that one organization is made fully responsible for policy formulation, project development, financing, implementation and evaluation. Recommendations include • Formation of Slum Housing Corporation (SHC), through a Slum Act,

operating under the Urban Development Department (UDD) to undertake the task of provision of housing for slum dwellers. The SHC will be headed by a senior IAS Officer, specially nominated to the post, who will report directly to the Chief Secretary. He will be vested with autonomous powers as may be necessary to carry out his tasks, and ensure a lean and efficient organization.

• The SHC will be supported through funds from the UDD for a period of five

years. It will, however, operate on a commercial format

• The SHC will be responsible for in-situ rehabilitation, relocation, as well as development of special facilities to house the urban poor (transit camps, night shelters, hostels…etc). It will be supported by zonal and city level infrastructure providing agencies



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• The SHC will work through and with NGO’s,trusts, private operators, as well as cooperative groups within slum communities. It will incorporate a strong community development unit, skilled in community mobilization.

• It will be supported by a fully computerized integrated information

system on JJ clusters, existing basic services and JJ households for planning implementation and monitoring of all slum improvement programmes.

• The SHC will incorporate a housing micro-finance facility solely dedicated

to financing shelter for the poor (using the title to land, or license to housing as security)

21.6.2 Funding Mechanisms

The SHC will operate in commercial format to undertake slum development activities under a Slum Development and Improvement Act. The approach for funding of the improvement schemes proposed will involve an element of cross subsidization between new high-value uses on the site and the provision of infrastructure and services on the remaining land for the poor. In the proposed approach, affordability problems will be minimized by the flow of funds from high value uses to serve the needs of the poor. It will be critical to

• Prepare alternatives for in-situ development and area development on

relocation sites, in consultation with beneficiaries and their representatives;

• Determine the appropriate amount of land to be released to high value

uses for purpose of establishing affordability of the scheme to the beneficiaries and private developer/government.

• Keep subsidies to a minimum - a mechanism for capturing beneficiary

contributions would need to be developed, and varied to suit ability to pay of as many of the target group as possible.

• The implementing agency for the scheme would contribute a pre

determined share of total scheme costs to be funded by government. All schemes (including those that are not viable for development in a commercial format) will be facilitated through housing micro-finance schemes, administered by the SHC. These will carry reasonable interest rates, and will be repayable over the long term (15 years or more). Assuming an interest rate of about 8 percent, the EMI on hire purchase amount of Rs 50,000 would be less than Rs 400 per month. In order to initiate the SHC, and ensure it’s operations in the long term, it is proposed that • all lands currently under JJ clusters (ex. railway and roads dept.) to be

transferred to SHC • On on-going basis, 25 % of all land proposed for development to be handed

over to SHC (as proposed by the JNNURM, in order to ensure an on-going supply of shelter for the poor)



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While the SHC will have the independence to use the land assets at it’s disposal at it’s discretion (after this has been vetted by the CS), the exclusive focus of it’s operations will be to meet the shelter requirements of the poor in the city in a manner that is appropriate and affordable to them. It will be responsible for the management of it’s assets & liabilities, the generation and deployment of funds towards this end.

21.7 CONCLUSION The institutional reforms to be undertaken by the State Government and progress on these have been presented in Annex 21-1. These institutional reforms will provide basis to the state government to implement the projects identified under JNNURM in more effective and sustainable manner.

Download - City Development Plan Delhi

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