CHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONCHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONCHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONCHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION

1899 –________________- U.S. proposed that China opens their “doors” for merchants of all nations.

This protected China from being colonized but gave increased influence to Western countries in China.

1899 –________________- U.S. proposed that China opens their “doors” for merchants of all nations.

This protected China from being colonized but gave increased influence to Western countries in China.

Open Door Policy

Spheres of Influence

1899 - _______________ - Powerful secret society called “The Righteous and Harmonious Fists” made up of poor farmers and workers. They resented foreign influence and marched into Beijing to attack the foreigners.

1899 - _______________ - Powerful secret society called “The Righteous and Harmonious Fists” made up of poor farmers and workers. They resented foreign influence and marched into Beijing to attack the foreigners.

Boxer Rebellion

The rebellion failed due to the strength of the European military but ignited a sense of nationalism in China. People wanted change.

Failed Rebellions

1911 - Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-Sen) leads his Kuomintang

(Guomintang) or ___________ Party and overthrows the Qing

Dynasty.

1911 - Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-Sen) leads his Kuomintang

(Guomintang) or ___________ Party and overthrows the Qing

Dynasty.

Nationalist

Dr. Sun Yixian

Last Emperor of Qing Dynasty, Pu Yi

Develops ____________________________:1. ____________- overthrow weak government and unite all Chinese under a strong centralized government.2. ___________- Use constitutional government: equality for all and elected officials.3. ___________- Give fair and equal ownership of land so all Chinese live well.

Develops ____________________________:1. ____________- overthrow weak government and unite all Chinese under a strong centralized government.2. ___________- Use constitutional government: equality for all and elected officials.3. ___________- Give fair and equal ownership of land so all Chinese live well.

Three Principles of the People

Nationalism

Democracy

Livelihood

1916 - Nationalist Party has trouble controlling warlords and loses power.

1917 - Chinese fight in WWI declaring war on Germany in hopes of impressing the Europeans and regaining economic influence in their country. Instead, the Treaty Of Versailles rewards Japan with Germany’s holdings in China.

1919 - World War I ends.

1916 - Nationalist Party has trouble controlling warlords and loses power.

1917 - Chinese fight in WWI declaring war on Germany in hopes of impressing the Europeans and regaining economic influence in their country. Instead, the Treaty Of Versailles rewards Japan with Germany’s holdings in China.

1919 - World War I ends.

Trouble Uniting China

1919 –______________________ - Violent student protests take place throughout China due to unfair treatment of Treaty of Versailles and Japan’s influence in China.

May Fourth Movement

Self Determination

!

Self Determination

!

1921 - Communist Party formed - Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) leads Communist party which is influenced by __________ and ______________. Their

goal was to take over the government and create a centralized government to regulate the agricultural output, education, and society. Mao believed the peasants were most important and sought to distribute land equally to all.

1921 - Communist Party formed - Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) leads Communist party which is influenced by __________ and ______________. Their

goal was to take over the government and create a centralized government to regulate the agricultural output, education, and society. Mao believed the peasants were most important and sought to distribute land equally to all.

Karl Marx

Vladimir Lenin

“Destroy the Old China!” “Revolution is not a dinner

party!”

Mao Zedong

1922 - Despite differences, Communists and Nationalists unite together to fight warlords and Japanese.

1922 - Despite differences, Communists and Nationalists unite together to fight warlords and Japanese.

1925 - Sun Yixian dies and Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-

Shek) becomes the leader of the Kuomintang, or Nationalist

Party.

1925 - Sun Yixian dies and Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-

Shek) becomes the leader of the Kuomintang, or Nationalist

Party.

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-

Shek)

Sun Yixian and Jiang JieshiSun Yixian and Jiang Jieshi

1927 –__________________- Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists kill thousands

of Communists. New National Republic of China is formed and officially

recognized by Europeans.

1927 –__________________- Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists kill thousands

of Communists. New National Republic of China is formed and officially

recognized by Europeans.

Shanghai Massacre

Warlords are Defeated but…

1930 - Civil War - Nationalist Party does nothing to reform and better China. No land reforms or open elections took place and peasants remained unhappy. Communists regain strength and begin war against the Nationalists.

1931 - Japan invades __________ (north of China)

1930 - Civil War - Nationalist Party does nothing to reform and better China. No land reforms or open elections took place and peasants remained unhappy. Communists regain strength and begin war against the Nationalists.

1931 - Japan invades __________ (north of China)Manchuria

Nationalists Take Power

1934 –_______________- Nationalist forces chase Communists over 6,000 miles through China. For one year, the Communists fled always staying one step ahead of the Nationalists. Over 100,000 people began the journey but only about 30,000 survived.

1934 –_______________- Nationalist forces chase Communists over 6,000 miles through China. For one year, the Communists fled always staying one step ahead of the Nationalists. Over 100,000 people began the journey but only about 30,000 survived.

The Long March

Film Clip

How do the conditions of the Long March appear to be in this picture??

The Long March: 1934-1935

The Long March: 1934-1935

How do the conditions of the Long March appear to be in this picture??

Compare the two images of the Long March

Compare the two images of the Long March

The Legend of Luding Bridge

Nationalists Communists

Sun YixianJiang Jieshi

Sun YixianJiang Jieshi

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong

United ChinaGreat Organized

GovernmentEquality for the People

United ChinaGreat Organized

GovernmentEquality for the People

Chinese Civil War

• Democracy

• Right to Vote

• Equal Opportunity

• Individual Success

• Communism

• Small group of rulers

• Equal wealth

• Communal Success

1937 - Japan invades China and forces Nationalists to unite with Communists. Both groups battle Japan throughout WWII (1939-1945) However, the Communists begin to gain power and influence throughout China, especially with the peasants.

1945 - Civil War continues - After WWII ends, the Communists and Nationalists continue civil war for control of China.

Japanese Invasion of ChinaJapanese Invasion of China

After the Long March and WWII, Mao and the communists continued to fight a civil war against the Nationalists.

Mao’s red army was able to push back the Nationalist to the island of Taiwan.

Dejected Nationalists

soldiers wait for their retreat from Nanjing

Dejected Nationalists

soldiers wait for their retreat from Nanjing

Mao’s Red Army enters Nanjing

Mao’s Red Army enters Nanjing

The Nationalist armies were exhausted and demoralized from the long war with Japan. As a result, the fresh and highly motivated People’s Liberation Army were able to score many victories over them. By 1948 the situation was looking bad for the Nationalists, and good for the Communists.

Victorious Communists march into Beijing, 1949

1949 - With the wide and mass support of the peasants and workers, Mao Zedong defeats

Jiang Jieshi and creates ___________________ ____________. The

Nationalists flee mainland China to Taiwan, creating Two Chinas.

Communists create a one-party state led by Mao Zedong - Begin Reforms:1. All resources are directed toward political, social, and economic growth2. Improved medical supplies and hospitals3. Schools built4. Regulation of all media (press, writing, speech, etc.)

the Peoples Republic

of China

Mao Zedong Believed that peasant equality, revolutionary spirit, and hard work were all that was needed to improve

China’s economy.

How will Mao Rule?How will Mao Rule?

Film Clip

QUESTIONS:QUESTIONS:1. How and why did Nationalism develop in China in the early

1900s?

2. Why did Sun Yixian receive vast support for overthrowing the Qing Empire which had existed for almost 300 years?

3. How did WWI and WWII affect China?

4. How did Mao Zedong and the Communists win the Civil War?

5. During this 100 year period, which event do you think was the most important in determining China’s future? Why?