CELLSCELLS
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell WallCell Wall: :
““Protect and Support”Protect and Support”
- Made mainly of cellulose- Made mainly of cellulose
(strong material)(strong material)
- Found only in plant cells- Found only in plant cells
Cell MembraneCell Membrane: :
““Window Screen”Window Screen”
- Inside cell wall- Inside cell wall
(plant cells)(plant cells)
- Outer covering (animal cells)- Outer covering (animal cells)
* Controls what substances come * Controls what substances come into and out of a cellinto and out of a cell
- Looking Inside Cells
- Looking Inside Cells
NucleusNucleus
NucleusNucleus
-Control Center-Control Center “Brain of Cell”“Brain of Cell”-Directs all of the-Directs all of the
cell’s activitiescell’s activities
Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear Envelope: : -Protects the nucleus-Protects the nucleus-Allows materials in and out-Allows materials in and out
(like cell membrane)(like cell membrane)
ChromatinChromatin: : - Contain genetic materialContain genetic material
(instructions for the cells)(instructions for the cells)- Responsible for Responsible for
cell growth andcell growth anddivisiondivision
NucleolusNucleolus: : –Produces ribosomesProduces ribosomes
- Looking Inside Cells
LysosomesLysosomes
““Clean-up Crew”Clean-up Crew”
• Contain chemicals to breakContain chemicals to break
down fooddown food
• Digest large food particlesDigest large food particles
and “old” cell partsand “old” cell parts
• Mainly in Animal CellsMainly in Animal Cells
- Looking Inside Cells
VacuolesVacuoles““Storage Tanks”Storage Tanks”
• Store food and waterStore food and water
• Store wastesStore wastes
• Large in Plant Cells andLarge in Plant Cells and
only sometimes found inonly sometimes found in
animal cellsanimal cells
• WHY?WHY?
MitochondrionMitochondrion“Powerhouse of the Cell”“Powerhouse of the Cell”
Mitochondria are known as the Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.the cell can use to carry out its functions.
- Looking Inside Cells
ChloroplastsChloroplasts
• Capture energy fromCapture energy from
sunlightsunlight
• Site of PHOTOSYNTHESISSite of PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Found only in PLANT CELLSFound only in PLANT CELLS
• GreenGreen
- Looking Inside Cells
RibosomesRibosomes
““Protein Factories”Protein Factories”
• Produced in __________Produced in __________• Attach to ER or go to theAttach to ER or go to the
Golgi bodiesGolgi bodies
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the
system of hallways in a building. Proteins system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce ribosomes, which produce proteins.proteins.
- Looking Inside Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
““Transportation System of Cell”Transportation System of Cell”
Carries PROTEINSCarries PROTEINS
(and other materials)(and other materials)
to areas in cellto areas in cell
Golgi BodyGolgi Body The Golgi bodies receive proteins The Golgi bodies receive proteins
and other newly formed materials and other newly formed materials from thefrom theendoplasmic reticulum,endoplasmic reticulum,package them,package them,and distribute themand distribute themto other parts of the cell.to other parts of the cell.
- Looking Inside Cells
Golgi BodiesGolgi Bodies“Mail Room”“Mail Room”
ReceiveReceive proteins and other proteins and other materials from the ERmaterials from the ER
PackagePackage the materials the materials SendsSends materials to other parts of materials to other parts of
the cell (OR outside of the cell)the cell (OR outside of the cell)
- Looking Inside Cells
- Respiration
Two Stages of RespirationTwo Stages of Respiration During respiration, cells break down
simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.
- Respiration
Photosynthesis and RespirationPhotosynthesis and Respiration You can think of photosynthesis and You can think of photosynthesis and
respiration as opposite processes.respiration as opposite processes.
