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Page 1: Catlle breeds agb

Classification of cattle breeds

Alok Bharti

April 10, 2023 1Cattle Breeds

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INDIAN DAIRY CATTLE FACTS

• Recognized Cattle breeds are 28Generally they are called as Zebu, Brahma and NandiNoble Characteristics: High potency for draft powerCapacity to sustain on agril. WorkResistant to tropical diseasesAbility to withstand higher temperaturesCapacity to utilize sparse and coarse roughages

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CLASSIFICATION OF CATTLE BREEDS

CATTLE BREEDS

Indigenous Cattle

Exotic Cattle

Based on Utility

Based on Phenotype

Milch type

Beef type

Dual type

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Based on Utility

Milch TypeEx:1. Red Sindhi2. Sahiwal3. Gir4. Deoni

Draught TypeEx:1. Amritmahal2. Alambadi3. Hallikar4. Kangayam5. Khillari6. Malvi7. Nagore8. Nimari9. Ponwar10. Siri11. Bachaur12. Bargur13. Dangi14. Kenkatha15. Kherigarh

Dual TypeEx:1. Ongole2. Hariana3. Tharparkar4. Kankrej5. Rathi6. Gaolao7. Mewati8. Krishnavalley9. Nagauri

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I Group; Lyre hornedEx: Malvi, Tharparkar,

Kenkatha, Kherigarh, Kankrej, Nagore

II group; Short hornedEx: Ongole, Hariana,

Rathi, Gaolao, Mewati, Krishnavalley, Nagauri,

Bachaur

III Group; Gir typeEx: Red SindhiSahiwal,

Gir, Deoni

IV Group; Mysore typeEx: Amritmahal, Alambadi,

Hallikar, Khillari, Kangayam, Bargur

V Group; Hill typeEx: Nimari, Ponwar,

Siri, Dangi

VI Group; Ex: Dhanni

Based on Phenotype

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EXOTIC CATTLE BREEDS

Milch TypeEx:1. HF2. Jersey3. Brown swiss4.Ayrshire5.Guernsey

Beef typeEx:1. Short horn2. Sussex3. Aberdeen angus4. Galloway5. Herd ford

Beef typeEx:1. Short horn2. Sussex3. Aberdeen angus4. Galloway5. Herd ford

Dual typeEx:1. Short horned2. Long horned3. Welsh black4. Red Poll

Dual typeEx:1. Short horned2. Long horned3. Welsh black4. Red Poll

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Red Sindhi

Breed local names Malir, Sindhi & Red Karachi

Location Karachi & Hyderabad

districts of Pakistan

Uses Milk

Breed colour

They are rich red colored,

Males are darker than females

and when mature, may be almost black on the extremities, such as the head, feet and tail.

Cattle Breeds

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PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEMinMin AvgAvg MaxMax

Parturition interval Parturition interval (day, avg)(day, avg) 443443 380380 550550

Age at first parturition Age at first parturition (month)(month) 4444 3232 5252

Age of breeding animals Age of breeding animals (avg, month)(avg, month) 22 22

Birth weight Birth weight (kg)(kg) 2121

Milk yield per lactation Milk yield per lactation (kg)(kg) 16081608 18401840 20892089

Lactation length Lactation length (day)(day) 260260 296296 330330

Milk fat Milk fat (%)(%) 4.54.58 April 2009 cattle breeds 8

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Sahiwal

Breed local names Lola, Montgomery, Teli & Multani Location Amritsar & Ferozepur districts of Punjab Uses MILKPhysical characters

They are reddish-dun colored, sometimes pale red or brown mixed with white markings

This is an excellent dairy breed

The animals are reported to show resistance to tick borne diseases.

Cattle Breeds

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CHARACTER MinMin AvgAvg MaxMax

Parturition interval (day, avg) 450450 330330 580580

Age at first parturition (month) 3939 3131 5050

Age of breeding animals (avg, month) 23 23

Birth weight (kg) 2121 2626

Milk yield per lactation (kg) 16001600 23002300 27002700

Lactation length (day) 285285 318318 375375

Milk fat (%) 4.64.6

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

cattle breeds8 April 2009 10

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Gir

Breed local names

Bhodali, Desan, Gujarati, Sorati

Location Junagarh, Bhavnagar and Amreli districts of Gujarat

Uses MILK

Physical CharactersThey are uni coloured: Red, white with black patches

This breed is known for a long breeding season

The animals are adapted to their local environment (dry, hot climate, semi-desert)

Cattle Breeds

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Parturition interval (day, avg) 440440 Age at first parturition (month) 40Age of breeding animals (M) 2222 Birth weight (Kg) 2121

Milk yield per lactation (kg) 2110Lactation length (day) 308Milk fat (%) 4.4

Cattle Breeds

Performance information

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Breed local names Dongarpatti, Wannera & DongariLocation Latur, Parbhani, Nanded and Osmanabad districts of

Maharashtra & Bidar district of KarnatakaUses MilchPhysical Character

They are multi coloured: spotted black & white sometimes complete white

The other visible trait , medium-sized breeds with big dewlap

Horns emerge in outward and upward direction

Cattle Breeds

Deoni

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1.Parturition interval (day, avg) 4652.Age at first parturition (month) 30303.Age of breeding animals (M ) 23

4.Birth weight (Kg) 2121

Milk Milk yield per lactation (kg) 1121 Lactation length (day) 299 Milk fat (%) 4.3

Performance informationPerformance information

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OngoleBreed local names : Ongole

Location Guntur-Nellore South AP

Uses : Dual Physical Characters

They are uni coloured: white, males have grey markings on head, neck and hump and black points on the knees and pasterns of both fore and hind limbs

Short and stumpy horns, outward and backward

This breed is known for a long breeding season

Glossy white coat, hump, tail with black

switch & KAJAL appear. around eyes

Cattle Breeds

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CharacterCharacter MinMin AvgAvg MaxMax

Parturition interval Parturition interval (day, avg)(day, avg) 500500 420420 720720

Age at first parturition Age at first parturition (month)(month) 4949 3838 6060

Age of breeding animals Age of breeding animals (avg, month)(avg, month) 23 23

Birth weight Birth weight (kg)(kg) 2828

Milk yield per lactation Milk yield per lactation (kg)(kg) 475475 688688 10001000

Lactation length Lactation length (day)(day) 160160 233233 270270

Milk fat Milk fat (%)(%) 4.04.0

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

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Tharparkar

Breed local names

Grey sindhi, white sindhi & ThariLocation within country

Jodhpur, Barmer & Jaisalmer of Rajasthan &Kutch of Gujarat

Uses DualBreed Characters They are uni coloured: grey, white with

neck and head dark grey The breed is well adapted to a dry hot

arid climate & desert conditions. Medium sized dewlap, large dropping ears Horns curve gradually upward and outward

with blunt points inclined inward

Cattle Breeds

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PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

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Hariana

Breed local names

Berar Ellichpuri Gaulani & Gauli Location Rohtak, Hissar and

Gurgaon districts of HaryanaUses. Dual

Physical charactersThey are uni coloured: light grey or white Other visible traits : Zebu, grey-white Short horned type They are well suited to fast road work, being able to pull a one ton load at 2 miles per hour and cover 20 miles a day

Cattle Breeds

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Parturition interval (day, avg 483483Age at first parturition (month) 52Age of breeding animals (M) 23.3 Birth weight ( Kg) 21.7Milk informationMilk yield per lactation (kg) 997Lactation length (day) 272Milk fat (%) 5.4

Cattle Breeds

Productive performanceProductive performance

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Kankrej

Habitat South-eastern Rann of Kutch, Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan

Average Production Traits Phenotypic Traits

305 days Milk Yield

1785 Kg Horns Lyre or crescent shaped

Age at First Calving

34months

Colour

Grey multi coloured:black,newly born -- rusty red coloured

forequarters, hindquarters & Hump dark colour in bulls

Lactation Length

295days

Milk fat 5.0 % ForeheadLong narrow face, Prominent

thick neck

Birth weight 23 Kg Tail Long, black switch common

Cattle Breeds

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Kangayam

Breed local names Kongu & Kanganad

Location Periyar district and its adjoining areas in Tamil Nadu

Uses Dual

Physical characters They are multi coloured: grey, white & Calves red at birth The breed is adapted to hot humid climate Horns are backward, outward, upward and slightly inwards –Mysore type

Cattle Breeds

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PRODUCTION TRAITSAge at first parturition (month) 36Age of breeding animals (avg, month) 22 Birth weight(Kg) 21

Calving interval (Days) 350

Breed milk information

Milk yield per lactation (kg) 640Lactation length (day) 270Milk fat (%) 3.5

Cattle Breeds

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AmritmahalLocal names : Amritmahal

Location :Hasan, Chikmagalur & Chitradurga dist.of Karnataka

Physical Characters

Bullocks are especially suited for trotting & quick transportation

They are uni coloured: grey with light markings on face and dewlap

Horns are long, emerging from top of poll in backward and upward direction ending in sharp black points

Cattle Breeds Slide 4

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PERFORMANCE

Cattle Breeds

Min Avg Max

Parturition interval (day, avg) 578

Age at first parturition (month) 45

Age of breeding animals (avg, month) 20.8

Birth weight (kg) 19.9

Milk yield per lactation (kg) 572

Lactation length (day) 299

Milk fat (%) 5.3

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Ponwar

Local name : PurneaPurnea

Location :Pilibhit dist. of U.PPilibhit dist. of U.P..

Uses : DraughtColour :

They are multi coloured: black with They are multi coloured: black with white markings on the forehead, dewlap white markings on the forehead, dewlap and limbs and limbs

Lyre shaped horns with pointed tipsLyre shaped horns with pointed tipsProduction Performance• Age of maturity : 18.5 M• Birth weight : 17.6 Kg• Milk yield /Lacta. :320 Kg• Lactation lenth : 155 Days• Fat (%) : 4.7

Cattle Breeds

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Hallikar

Location : Mysore, Mandya, Bangalore, Tumkur, and Hasan districts of Karnataka

Breed charactersThey are uni coloured: dark grey

Horns are carried backwards, forwards and slightly inwards

Considered one of the premier draft breeds in India they are often raised by families who have specialized in production of Hallikar draft animals for hundreds of years

In addition to normal draft uses the breed is also used for cart racing

Cattle Breeds

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Productive TraitsParturition interval (day, avg 600600Age at first parturition (month) 41Age of breeding animals (M) 21.3 Birth weight ( Kg) 20.0

Milk informationMilk yield per lactation (kg) 541Lactation length (day) 285Milk fat (%) 5.4

Cattle Breeds

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

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cattle breeds

• Dangi

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EXOTIC CATTLE BREEDS

Cattle Breeds Slide 6

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Location : The Netherlands

Physical CharactersLargest of all Exotic Dairy Breeds

Color is of black and white Black color on Head, Center of body & on Hind quarters.

White color as like two bands

1st -Just after shoulder & 2nd -Infront of hips

Holstein Friesian

Cattle Breeds

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PERFORMANCE

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•Highest Milk Production

(Total Yield: Milk and Fat) 7,500 + kg/Lact.

• Lowest Fat Content 3.5 %

• AFC : 23-24 months

• ICP : 13-14 months

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JERSEY

Location Channel island of jersey of great Britain

Uses : Milk

Physical charactersSmallest Exotic cattle breed Inquisitive nature Fawn-colored coat, large impressive eyes Appearance of a ring of white

color around the muzzleJerseys are noted for the highest milk fat of all dairyThey mature quickly

Cattle Breeds

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PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

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Milk Production 4500 kg/Lact Highest % Butterfat: 5.5 % Highest % Protein Jerseys are considered as Economic milk producers in

India

Milk Production 4500 kg/Lact Highest % Butterfat: 5.5 % Highest % Protein Jerseys are considered as Economic milk producers in

India

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GUERNSEY

Location : The Isle of Guernsey, a tiny island in the English Channel off the coast of France

Physical characters1. Fawn and white (“orange”)

markings; light pigment around eyes

2. Extremely calm, placid

disposition- “Family cow”

Cattle Breeds

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•Milk Production: 6800 kg/Lact

• Fat Content: 4.5 %

•The Guernsey cow is known for producing high-butterfat, high-protein milk with a high concentration of beta-carotene.

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

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Brown Swiss

Origin: Switzerland

Physical characters

•Coloring similar to Jersey but larger framed

• Extremely popular, export to foreign countries (semen and cows)

• Breed can be traced back to one foundation cow,

“Jane of Vernon”ii

Beef Cattle Breeds

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Performance

•Dual purpose breed Milk and Meat

•Milk Production: 6000 kg / Lact•Fat Content: 4 %

Cattle Breeds

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Ayrshire

Origin: Originated from Scotland

Physical characters

Known for attractive udders and fancy appearance “ Most Beautiful cattle of world”

Intermediate size

Red and white coat

Most temperamental of dairy breedsProductive characters

• Milk yield : 5500 kg

• Milk Fat (%) : 3.9

Cattle Breeds Slide 6

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Cattle breeds

ANGUS Hereford SHORTHORN MURRAY GREY

TEXAS LONGHORN pinzgauer BELGIAN BLUE

CHARLOIS LIMOUSIN MAINE-ANJOU simmental

CHiAnina AMERICAN BRAHMAN Beefmaster

brangus RED brangus SANTA GERTRUDIS

OTHER 5/8 – 3/8 Brahman crosses

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Beef Cattle Breeds 41

ANGUSBritish breed

Scotland

Polled

Small calves

Early maturing

Red (Recessive)

Black

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Beef Cattle Breeds 42

HerefordHereford County England

Red/Brown Body

White face & white underline

Imported 1817

Polled developed in Iowa 1902

Polled

Horned

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Beef Cattle Breeds 43

SHORTHORNNE coast of England

Red – White – Roan

Imported 1870

Horned or Polled

Milking Shorthorn (Dairy Breed)

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Beef Cattle Breeds 44

MURRAY GREYDeveloped in Australia from Angus bull plus Shorthorn cow

Light silver to chocolate or dun grey

Dark skin helps prevent cancer eye

Polled - easy calving - docile

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Beef Cattle Breeds 45

TEXAS LONGHORNTexas from Spanish cattle

Variations of colors and patterns

Lanky bodies with long legs and feet built for speed

Small calves at birth

Horns 6 feet or more

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Beef Cattle Breeds 46

pinzgauer

Austria 1600’sHorned or Polled Hardy – DocileEasy calving abilityPigmented skin under a chestnut red coat and white markings on the back, tail and barrel

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Beef Cattle Breeds 47

BELGIAN BLUE

Heavy muscled

Calving problems

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Beef Cattle Breeds 48

OTHER BREEDS

Scotch Highland

White Park

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Beef Cattle Breeds 49

CHARLOISFrance – imported 1960’sWhiteHorned or PollLarge framesHeavy muscleCalving problemsCrossbreeding programs

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Beef Cattle Breeds 50

LIMOUSINFrance

Wheat – Rust – Black

Horned or Poll

Good carcass quality

Reproduction good

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Beef Cattle Breeds 51

MAINE-ANJOUFrance (Mancelle X Shorhorn)

1969 Nebraska

Red coats spotted with white and some black

Large, well-muscled with good feed efficiency

Heat and cold tolerant

B&B Cattle Co. Normangee, TX39

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Beef Cattle Breeds 52

simmentalSimmen Valley in Berner Oberland, Switzerland.

Pale gold to dark reddish brown – Head usually white

Very docile - Easy to manage

High fertility – Hardy - Good mothering/milking ability

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Beef Cattle Breeds 53

CHiAninaOne of the oldest breeds - Central Italy

United States; 1971

White to steel gray with black pigmented skin

Well-defined muscling used for draft - meat

Not noted for their milk

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Beef Cattle Breeds 54

AMERICAN BRAHMAN

Developed in U.S. from India cattle

Light gray or red to almost black

Long productivity life

Resists many diseases & insects

Temperature tolerant

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Beef Cattle Breeds 55

BeefmasterSouth Texas 1931¼ Hereford ¼ Shorthorn ½ Brahman (Composite breed)Strong maternal traitsHeat, drought and insect resistantNo set color pattern but are generally light red to dark red and some will have white mottle on their faces.

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Beef Cattle Breeds 56

brangusUSDA Experiment Station at Jeanerette, Louisiana 1912

3/8 Brahman by 5/8 Angus

Black - Poll - Heat Tolerance

Docility – Muscularity - Early Puberty

Maternal Strengths - Mothering Ability

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Beef Cattle Breeds 57

RED brangus3/8 Brahman by 5/8 Angus

Solid red – Polled

Other characteristics similar to the (Black) Brangus

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Beef Cattle Breeds 58

SANTA GERTRUDISKing Ranch – Kingsville, TX

5/8ths Shorthorn and 3/8ths Brahman

Red – Horned or Polled

Harsh ranching climates

Mr. Double TT 79/2 Intimidator

National Champion Bull Calf

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Beef Cattle Breeds 59

OTHER 5/8 – 3/8 Brahman crosses

Simbrah

Charbray39

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April 10, 2023 60Beef Cattle Breeds


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