Transcript
Page 1: Biomedical  Engineering

RIT Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineering

Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringKate Gleason College of Engineering

Rochester Institute of Technologyhttp://www.rit.edu/kgcoe/biomedical

Daniel Phillips, Ph.D., Program Director [email protected]

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Outline

What is biomedical engineering?

Applications and challenges

Employment prospects and data

Questions?

Demonstrations

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

What is Engineering?

Scientists explore to gain understanding -

Engineers develop creative solutions to problems based on that understanding.

Engineering focuses on the development of new products and processes to enhance the world around us,

• leveraging in creative and innovative ways the vast knowledge base embraced by the physical and life sciences (biology, chemistry, and physics),

• enhanced by the quantitative power of mathematics.

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

What is Biomedical Engineering?

The branch of engineering that uniquely leverages the vast knowledge base embraced by biology to solve problems focused on healthcare & the human body.

Biomedical Engineersunderstand the inner workings of the human body, including its organs, circulatory system, nerves, muscles, and bones, as well as the unique constraints placed on design.

are experts at assessing the human body as a complex, interactive system.

provide teams a link between human biology & engineering analysis.

work in teams of experts across multiple disciplines

to create medical and health-related products

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineers work in teams to

develop devices that solve medical and health-related problems

Artificial organs and tissues Prostheses Implants

develop probes and sensing equipment specific to the human physiology

develop procedures to implement devices and new technologies in and on the human body

interpret and run clinical trials on new devices and procedures

What is Biomedical Engineering?

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Core Competencies: Human anatomy, biology, physiology Statistics Problem solving capability Systems engineering

All core sciences, integrated with mathematics and infused with engineering training, are used to address a wide variety of challengesrelated to the healthcare and the human body!

What is Biomedical Engineering?

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

KidneyBlood & Waste Blood

Waste

Example: The Kidney

Function of kidney is to remove soluble waste from body.

Engineers analyze the kidney’s functions subject to given inputs,and develop models that can predict outputs.

Systems Engineering Approach

Engineers develop devices that replicate kidney functions.

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

The kidney does not operate in isolation; it interacts with other systems in the body!

Systems Engineering Approach

Waste from cellular

processes

KidneyBlood & Waste Blood

Waste

HeartBlood & Waste Blood & Waste

Waste from cellular

processes

Need to analyze kidney and interactions!

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

US Dept of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Biomedical Engineering

Occupational Employment StatisticsOccupational Employment and Wages, May 2010

http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes172031.htm

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical engineers

Employment by:industry, occupation, and percent distribution,

(2008 and projected 2018)

* (Employment in thousands)

**Industries with fewer than 50 jobs, confidential data, or poor quality data are not displayed

Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition

ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ep/ind-occ.matrix/occ_pdf/occ_17-2031.pdf

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Questions?

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

A “simple” challenge –

Measure oxygen actually delivered to tissue

• Take tissue sample and measure oxygen content (pretty invasive, messy)

• Take blood perfusing tissue and measure oxygen content (somewhat removed, still sort of messy)

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

A “simple” challenge –

Measure oxygen actually delivered to tissueNONINVASIVELY (no bloodshed)

• Pulse oximetry provides an indirect method to assess two parameters simultaneously

• Percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin

• Mechanical pumping action of heart

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

The science:

Oxygen carried mainly via oxygenated hemoglobin

Deoxygenated hemoglobin absorbs light differently than oxygenated hemoglobin

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Engineering solution – amount of oxygen delivered

Measure absorbance at two different wavelengths to determine percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin

If you know amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood, you can assess amount of oxygen available to be delivered to tissue (basic goal)

SpO2 – percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Engineering solution – measuring pumping action of heart

• Heart pumping produce pulsatile pressure in arterial vasculature

• Pressure pulses produces local volume changes

• Volume changes change overall absorbance of light

• Measuring absorbance changes provides indication of pressure changes which can be traced back to heart pumping

• Photo-plethysmography

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Pulse oximeter – a multidisciplinary effort

Biomedical – basic design of the instrumentation based on understanding of cardiovascular physiology, cell and molecular biology

Electrical – light drive and sensing circuitry

Mechanical – finger clip mechanism

Computer – signal processing

Chemical – Organic Light Emitting Diode display

Optical – light source and detection

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RIT Biomedical Engineering

Demonstration

• Finger pulse oximeter

Meaures pulse rate and SpO2

• Which would you expect to change more rapidly?

• Which would you expect to vary the most – person to person?

Simple breath hold and release- What happens to Pulse Rate?- What happens to SpO2?


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