rssN 0854-4220
Jurnal Bahasa dan SastraVolume l9o Nomor 3, Desember 2013
BALN BAHASA PROV SUTAWESI SELATAN DN PROV. SULAWESI BARAT
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKN DN KEBT]DAYAN
SAWERIGADING vol,. 19 No.3HLM.
323--484MAKASSAR
DESEMBER 2013ISSN
0854-4220
Terakreditasi No.527lAU2 IPZN{I-LIPI/0 4 12013
rssN 0854-4220
Jurnal Bahasa dan SastraVolume 19, Nomor 3, Desemb er 2013
BAIN BAHASA PROV. SULAWESI SETATAN DAN PROV. SULAWESI BARAT
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKN DN KEBT]DAYAN
SAWERIGADING vol-. 19 No.3HLM.
323--484MAKASSAR
DESEMBER 2013ISSN
08s4-4220
Terakreditasi No.527lAU2 IP2MI-LPVO 4 12013
4 4220
)INGSastra ISSN:085+4220
SAWERIGADINGJURNAL BAIIASA DAII SASTRA
voLuME 19, NO. 3, DESEMBER 2013
323-431
PENULISANKALIMATPEMELAJARBAHASAINDONESIABAGIPENUTUR 333---343ASING: SUATU KAJIAN ANALISIS KESALAIT{N DAN I\4ANFA\T{T\IYADALAM PENGEMBANGAN BAHANAJAR (Writing Sentences of Learners ofBahasa Indonesiafor Foreign Speakers: A Study of Error Analysis and its Usage inMaterial s Dev elopment)Ratnawati
CORAK KEBAIIASAAN DALAM SASTRABUGIS KLASIK (Language Style inCl os s i c al Bugine s e Lit er ature)Herianah
SINONIM KELAS KATANOMINABAI{ASABUGIS Q'{oun Synonym in BugineseLanguage)Syamsurijal dan Musayyedah
METAFORA DALAM BERITA PRODUK CINA PADA SURAT KABARMEDIA INDONESIA DAN KOMPAS : ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS (Metaphor sinthe ChinalsNews Products in Media Indonesia and Kompas Newspapers: CriticalDiscourse Analysis)WinciFirdaus
KETIDAKSANTUNAN DALAM INTERAKSI ANTAR TOKOH NOVEL KAWIN 377_487
KONTRAK KARYA SYARIFAH ALIYYAH(Impoliteness in Character Interaction of "Kcrwin Kontrak" Novel by Syarifah Aliyyah)Rahmatiah
DGRESSING COMPLIMENTS IN ENGLISHAND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE: 389-497A COMPARATWE STUDY (Pernyataan Pujian dalam Bahasa Inggris dan BahasaIndonesia : Suatu Studi' Kompor asi )
u,/Harlnah Sahib
HASIL PEIYELITIAN
TRANSITIVITAS PADA SLOGAN IKLAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS:PENDEK,A^TAN TATA BAII{SA FUNGSIONAL (TTansitivity in English Slogans:A Functional Grammar Analysis)AdeMulvanah
AKTUALISASI DIRI TOKOH DALAM NOVEL THE HLINGER GAMES (SCIf-Actuqlization Character of "The Hunger Games" Novel)Hasina Fajrin R
345---3ss
357-36s
367-376
Krr'7,
399-407
EXPRESSING COMPLIMENTS IN ENGLISg AND INDONESIANI,^INCUN.GE: A COMPARATTVE STI]DY
( p er ny ata oi p i i oi Em,gf:;: gW;:; l;n
B ah a s a I n d o n e s i u :
Ilarlinah SahibFakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Hasanuddin
KampusFlBUniversitasHasanuddinTamalarnea,Kml0MakassarTelepon 04tl 587 223, Faksimile 04II 587 223
Pos-el: harlinahsahib@yahoo'co'idDiterima: 8 september 2013; Direvisi: 10 oktober 2013; Disetujui: 9 November2013
SAWERIGADING
Abstrak
litian ini mengknji pernyataan pujian yattg ditakukan oleh penutur Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia baik
dhmgkaplran olehpriamaupun wanita. Kaiianinibertujuanuntukmendeskripsikankesamaan danperbedaqn
mengungknptran pujian ialam keduq bahasa tersebut.Penelitian ini menggmaknn metode deslviptif ycmg
t kuqntitatif. Data diperoleh melalui teknik lapangan dengan telmik kuesioner daniuga kepustaknan' Hasil
itian menwiuklran balwa penutur bahasa Inggris fulam mengungknpkan puiian cendertmg lebih langsung'
tetapi penitur bahosa Indinesia cendenmg bersifat tidak langsmg karena perbedaan budaya'
is snrdy discusses the expressing of compliments uttered by both English and Indonesian native speakers
her male or female. rnis study of compliment has objectives to describe the similarities and the differences in
pressing compliments in the btth hnguages. Data is oUtuio.A through field research by using questionnaire and
kunci: pernyataan pujian, bahasa Inggris, bahasa Indonesia, studi komparasi
Abstract
;;;;;:Th;;"r"t ;ows that E-ngtltt *a hdonesia native speakers tend to express compliments directly'
tre other hand, Indonesian people express it indirectly since cultural diversity'
rds: expressing compliment, English, bahasa Indonesian, comparative study
When two or more people communicate to
eh other in speech, they are actually employlng
r code as an in separable part of the system of
mmmunication. Communication is defined as "the
orchange and negotiation of information between
a least two individuals through the use of verbal
md nonverbal symbols, oral, and written form
{Richards, Jack C, Richard W. Schmidt, 1987)'
Regardless of the natural system of
communication as mentioned above, Canale and
Swain ( 1 980) have postulated that communication
requires some important aspects that includes
socio-culfura1 ruIes of use arrd rules o f discoutse"'
This is popularly known as sociolinguistic
competence that is concerned with the extent to
which utterances are produced and understood
appropriately in different sociolinguistic contexts
*fti"ft also depends on the contextual factors
such as status of participants and purposes of
interaction.It is known that speech changes according
to the degree of formality and Japanese is well
known for its differences in styles' Speech is
defined by many factors; among them are alike'
speakers, status, and roles' Most languages in
DUCTION
Sawerigading, Vol. 19, No. 3, Desember 2013 3t9-397
the world possess a number of mechanisms toshow politeness or solidary @rown & Levinson,1987) which range from an elaborate honorfficsystem). The importance of appropriateness ofusing language in social interaction had long beenemphasized by some linguists and hence, theidea of systematic study of speech acts as a socialphenomenon is not new. Therefore, when twopeople from similar and different culture interac!they often state compliments in order to pleaseeach other.
In our daily lives, we generally exchangecompliments as an effort to keep solid relationships.ln other words, compliments are supposed to befor rapport instead of report and for cooperationinstead of complimenting in Tannen,s terms(1996). There are many ways that people useto express compliments, therefore the ways torespond are also various. Different person mayhave different ways in giving responses of theresponded givers, depending on the situation, andthe ways the recipients ofthe compliments assumethe compliments given and also who the one do thecompliments.
A compliment is a speech act with orimplicitly attributes credit to someone or otherthan the speaker, usually the person addresses, forsome "good" (possession, characteristics, skills,etc.) which is positively valued by the speakerand the hearer.(Holmes, J, 1988).
It is generally stereotyped that Englishnative speakers are more direct than Indonesianwhen both express speech acts in this casecompliments. Usually Indonesians go around fora while talking about related things before finallysay that they agree or disagree. Even sometimesthey do not use any expressions which reallymean disagree. They may just ask questions orsay something different from that mention by theirinterlocutors, or even, when their interlocutors arehigher in status than they are, they just keep silent.
Furthermore, in expressing compliments,Indonesian people usually say indirectly totheir interlocutors without thinking aboutmisinterpretation, although it pleases theinterlocutors.
ln lndonesian culture for example, $lcompliments are relatively rare because fltoo many complements the recipients are dmisunderstood among people. Thereforc |statement is usually used only among medonly ofthe educated class who have been eryuto western customs.
There are many ways that people usstate compliments, therefore the ways to rerycompliments are also various. Different peumay have different ways in giving responsesthe responded givers, depending on the situdiand the ways the recipients of the complirrnassumes the compliments given and also udoes the compliments.
In order to provide insightful understandabout the objectives and detailed analyregarding the subject of the research, the wrioutlines the problem statements which rformulated in the following research questions
1. What is the characteristic of complimqbetween sexes in the two languages?
2. How are the similarities and differeubetween the two cultural groups reveale
3. Why do people disclose compliments?
After revealing research questionthis study, the writer would like to presentobjectives as follows.
1. To describe the characteristicscompliments between sexes in the trlanguages.
2. To explain the similarities and differencbetween sexes in the two languages.
3. To discuss the reasons for people tocompliments.
F'RAMEWORK TIIEORY
According to Brown and Levinson (19?52), "a compliment is a positive stategy to addrethe hearers'positive face". The positive face is tperson a person's desire to be approved by othtand to have one's goal thought ofas a desirable Iothers who share similar interests. For examplecompliment such as "your personal opinions a
390
H!
mc[
valuable and interesting," conveys approval
a sense that speaker and hearer share similar
It works as a kind of social accelerator'
A compliment is a sPeech act with or
the hearer (Holmes, J., 1988).
Brown and Levinson (1987) also claimed
: speech acts of complementing are a largely
itive and politeness strategy, since it lets
addressee knows that he or she is liked' As
positively affective speech acts, the most
ious function of compliments is to polish the
ial relationship, pay attention to positive face
and thus increase or integrate solidarity
Harlinah Sahib: Expresstng Compliments "'
merely polite, and invite repetition in others, the
opposite maY be true.
The Function of ComPliments
The study has shown that complimenting
involves a variety of linguistics functions' It is
argued that the main function of compliment is to
"rtublith tolidarity between speakers and addresse
( Holmes lgg}). Manes (1983), maintains that
praise in American English functions to both
establish and reinforce solidarity between
speaker and listener and that solidarity between
interlocutors thus emerges or establishes'Another possible function of compliments
may serve to strenghten or replace other speech
acts like apologizing, greeting, reprimanding
or thanking or to soften acts such as criticism
(Wolfson, 1983).
Tips for ComPliments
It is suggested by Wolfson (1983) that there
are several tips for giving powerful compliment
as follows.
1. Be specific. Don't vague when you give
compliment. Say something truely'
2. Acknowledge their character when
complementing an accomplishmen' Do
not just acknowledge what the person did'
Point to a person's character traits such as
persperance, kindness, and thougfulness'
3. -Be
authentic' If you do not really mean the
compliment, do not give it' Every one has
some characters strength or gift worthy of
acknowledgement.4. Express Your aPPresiation when
complimenting someone about something
they did not benefit you' Be direct in your
praise.
Syntactic Pattern of ComPliment
Manes and Wolfson (1931) have suggested
the structural pattern of compliment, compliments
are remarkably formulaic speech acts in that a very
small number oflexical ideas and syntactic pattems
account for the great majority 175 compliments'
The syntactic pattern can be seen as follows'
also serve other functions such as greeting,
ing, and apologizing or even as substitute
them. Yet, to express so many compliments,can oftenbe really annoyed and strange' In
word, a person does not fell convertible'
Cultural differences also account lbr
in making sense of the so called
Brown and Levinson (1978) cited
Richards (1984) suggest that in order to enter
social relationships with each other, one must
people. Holmes (1992) in her work
lnting in speech has Provided the
ition of compliments as a speech act, which
icitly athibutes credit to someone other than
speakers, usually the person addresses, for
agood that is positively valued by the speaker
the hearer. In shortly, the act of compliment
,edge the face of other people. This is to
tha-t both sides avoid intruding upon each
territory such as physical tenitory apafiical
of knowledge and try to seek to enlarge the
itorv of others. Lakoff(1993) provides term as
other people to feel good on the assumption
the same willbe done to them which is believed
be different from society to society'They further state that the precise ways of
ting respect for face may be specific culture
d not subject to direct translation' For example,o^*o ..rlfirreq initial refusal of an offer may be
Harlinah Sahib : Expres sing Compliments "'
Brown" G. Yule, G' 1983' ?itt":'y Analysk'
n ptiot. Cambridge Ud^y*P rresst
all data written in the table'Canale, iuf. n"O Swain' 1980' Theorical Base^s
G a; is significant similarities';f"
i;;;ir*n"+PProyhes .to X::::b"*..rr lndonesian and English |""g,r;t;;, and Tesitig' Toronto : Ontario
compliments. Both Indonesian ffi.oy"of Educationpeople state compliment wl-en
Holmes,J.(19it8;."Paying Complimentl as'*
ffi; feautiru ot interesting' rr\rl'^:
ential Politeness Strategy"-Journal of
ItAoo"tiio PeoPle are rarelY useddonesian people are rarely useo Pragmaticst2:445-465'-rfr", thannnglish' In-other wold'
Holmes, J. Igg2. 'oPoliteness.- Stategjes ll
il ;;;"donly reluctant to be """--kt ru"tior,:'. Journal of Pragmatics' tj
air""tty. Only among members of (105-116). l:---.i^+in,p"opf" are conrmonlY reluctant
::^'^:
.i*, *rto have been exsposed to 'ot nes, J.2^,lAnlntroductiontosociolinguistic"
ms. Although English people are (2'dedition)',London:Longman' .;- nt-^nt;*"g cJmptments they do not
Lakoff, R. 1993. Languange.":d Y".*::' Place'
tr"it"p.olpt"*ttoarecomplimented' in Wardhaughlryt " An Introduction to
il tfto* their friendlY manner' The io.ioio"g"iJti". Massaschussette : Basil
by English people in the table above Bbckwell' 'vJ L'Lb--"--r--r oo mAqt worrlost " '*?"1^.r., Mirrorof
complimented, such as, great, y* 19* Manes, J. 1983. ComplimentsA
ieht what have you been doing?- hi' Cultural Values inwofson &Judd ltqt)'re toot i"g3ust terrific' Failure i*iii*S"istic & Languange Acquistion'
in the process of interaction il;"ty : Rowely, MA: Newbury Hoytl .
;;;" are looking just tenific' Failure^acc nf interactioll
causedby differences in cultures, values Mun"r,J.& iVofsonS. (1981)' Compliment
mdnormsthatthe interlocutorharbor' formula.ytp.Couttnas,(Ed.),Conversational
" fot-t a small contribution to the
. , I ^ ^ - . ^ de.. ror,,'r a small contribution to the routine,115-132.TheHague:Mouton';;at *;ur.t o" language *d:ot:; Richards, J.c' and Rw' -schemiut,
(:u:l-|*:
lt*i".y of acts such as expressive of '"-'-*Co"rersationalAnalysis' L:."d:".'1""ff9
."rgr"Jitl"g, and thanking. Richards,J.c. and R.w schmidt (eds)' 1987't ^- ' l^n '
Curbridge UniversitY Press'
t t, U"*versal inLanguange' Cambridge
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fune univrrrot iniirigugogu. cambridge: york: oxford university Press'
t .jr-^ rr*i,,orcirrr pr"ess. WolfsorU Nattu. l983An empirically based
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95. -RowlY'
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