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Frick Fine Arts Library

Art History: Sources in Architecture

Library Guide No. 24

"Qui scit ubi scientis sit, ille est proximus habenti." Brunetiere*

Before Beginning Research

FFAL hours: M-H, 9-9; F, 9-5; Sa-Su, Noon – 5 Policies:

Food and drink may only be consumed in the building’s cloister and not in the library. Personal Reserve: Undergraduate students may, if working on a class term paper, ask that books be checked out to the “Personal Reserve” area where they will be placed under your name while working on your paper. The materials may not leave the library. Requesting Items: All ULS libraries allow you to request an item that is in the ULS Storage Facillity at no charge by using the Requests Tab in Pitt Cat. Items that are not in the Pitt library system may also be requested from another library that owns them via the Requests tab in Pitt Cat. There is a $5.00 fee for journal articles using this service, but books are free of charge. Photocopying and Printing: There are two photocopiers and one printer in the FFAL Reference Room. One photocopier accepts cash (15 cents per copy) and both are equipped with a reader for the Pitt ID debit card (10 cents per copy). Funds may be added to the cards at a machine in Hillman Library by using cash or a major credit credit car; or by calling the Panther Central office (412-648-1100) or visiting Panther Central in the lobby of Litchfield Towers and using cash or a major credit card. The printers in ULS libraries also accept the Pitt ID debit card. NOTE: One may also pay for library fees and fines with the Pitt ID debit card or a major credit card. Retrieving Materials in the FFAL: Journals and books will be retrieved for you by student assistants in the Reading Room of the FFAL. Please submit to them a complete citation for the items you need (including complete call number). Use My Account Tab in Pitt Cat to keep track of requests made, know what fees may have accrued in your account, and renew books yourself.

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Notes on Using the Internet for Research

• For research purposes, the Internet consists of the “free web” and Internet resources that are purchased and provided by ULS Libraries on the “deep web” (i.e., Grove’s Dictionary of Art and other databases listed below and Pitt Cat, the ULS online catalog).

• Web resources on the “deep web” – including many article databases – are carefully

chosen to support academic work. Use these resources to locate books, articles, and other resources that you cannot access through the “free web.” Start on the ULS home page to search Internet resources provided by the ULS.

• The “free web” is a great place to look for factual and introductory information and for

some types of images. Note, however, that only about 6% of the “free web” is academic in nature. Much of the rest of what is on the Internet is commercial or personal.

• Sites on the “free web” vary greatly in quality and must be critically evaluated. While

books and journals are usually reviewed for substance and accuracy before they are published, anyone can create a web site that says anything at all. Evaluate each web site and choose the best ones for your work. For more on this topic see the ULS web site entitled Surfing the Cyber Library http://www.library.pitt.edu/guides/eval/

• Use search engines to search the “free web.” Each search engine has strengths and

weaknesses and will produce different results. None effectively searches the entire web. Try using more than one search engine for your searches. Use an “advanced search” more to do more flexible searching.

Navigating the ULS Digital Library www.library.pitt.edu

Login: Pitt User Name and Password

ULS Digital Library includes over 400 databases that are available for your use with your Pitt User Name and Password 24/7 from dorm, office, or home.

Connecting From Home or Dorm Room You can connect from home to the ULS Digital Library and search the online databases to which it subscribes by using a web- based service called SSL VPN. Instructions on doing this are provided at a link in the NEWS section of the ULS Digital Library home page. Click on “Accessing Library Resources from Off Campus.” No special software is required. If you have problems connecting with SSL VPN, please contact Pitt’s Technology Department help line at 412-624-HELP (4357) for assistance. NOTE: If you do not connect to SSL-VPN, you will not be able to access any databases to which the ULS subscribes! Part of the fees you pay to attend Pitt pays for the databases, so you will want to put them to good use during your research projects.

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Introduction

This bibliography is highly selective and is intended only as a guide to follow in beginning the research process. All items listed are either in the Frick Fine Arts Library or Hillman Library, but one must also note whether the title is in the Reading. Reference Room or stacks of the Frick Fine Arts Library or the Reference Department (Ground floor) of Hillman Library.

Gathering Information Two important words of advice: Throughout the research process it is essential that you record the complete citations as you find them. Incomplete citations will cause you to spend additional time attempting to locate them later! In addition, when doing research in the field of art and architectural history, it is also essential to keep track of where illustrations are located. Illustrations are not indexed well and keeping a record of where they are located will save you the time of trying to find the illustrations again after you decide you want to use some in your term paper. Creating Your Working Bibliography It is important to create a working bibliography while you search for materials.

• E-mail, save to a disk / flash drive or printout the class reserves list • E-mail, save to a disk / flash drive or printout Pitt Cat citations; or use the BookBag

feature of Pitt Cat to keep a list of the citations. • E-mail, save to a disk / flash drive or printout citations for journal articles in

databases • Fully explore footnotes and/or bibliographies in encyclopedia articles, books on

reserve, books found in Pitt Cat, essays and journal articles • Keep a list of where illustrations are located that you may want to use in your

written paper

Gathering Introductory Information

Locating Introductory Information When beginning research on a topic with which one is unfamiliar, it is sometimes wise to look for background information. This can be accomplished by using specialized dictionaries and encyclopedias as a starting point for research. Their function is two-fold:

• To present introductory information clearly and concisely; articles are written by scholars in the field

• To lead the reader to further sources of information (by using the bibliographies at the end of each article)

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Encyclopedias Anderson, Janice. The Encyclopedia of North American Architecture. Edison, NJ: Chartwell Books, 2006. Frick – Reference – On order as of 1/16/2007 Encycopedia of American Architecture. Ed. by Robert T. Packard. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1995. Frick – Reference – Encyclopedias – NA705/P3/1995 Encyclopedia of Architecture: Design, Engineering & Construction. Ed. by Joseph A. Wilkes. New York: Wiley, 1988 - . Hillman Library – Reference – Ground floor – NA31/E59/1988 Encyclopedia of 20th Century Architecture. Ed. by R. Stephen Sennott. 3 vols. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004. Frick – Reference – Encyclopedias – NA680/E495/2000

Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World. Ed. by Paul Oliver. 3 vols. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Frick - Reference - NA208/E53/1997 A Global History of Architecture. Ed. by Francis D. K. Ching; Mark M. Jarzombek; and Vikramaditya Prakash. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. Frick – Reference – Encyclopedias – NA200/C493/2007

Arranged in chronological order, this encyclopedia covers architects and famous buildings throughout the world. Includes black-and-white photographs, floorplans, and timelines of historical periods.

Grove Dictionary of Art. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “G,” and then click the title of the database.

This recent full-text encyclopedia for the field of art and architecture provides articles under the names of individual countries, including those in Africa and Asia (i.e., Central Asia, China, et al); biographies of individual artists and architects; and articles on art schools and concepts. Cities can also be searched as can the names of individual buildings. The articles and bibliographies have been written by art and architectural historians around the world. All of the information is current and updated periodically. Grove’s is particularly good for biographies on all but the most obscure artists -- and it is written in English, unlike many biographical resources on artists. New articles are added to the electronic database periodically (i.e. Contemporary Asian Art was added in Fall 2005). The key feature that sets this encyclopedia apart from all others in the field is that it covers all cultures and all countries. NOTES: Each article includes information on “How to Cite the Article” (scroll to the bottom of the article). While this database now places illustrations within recently written articles, when the database was first created, the images were located at a separate Links button and then search by subject or artist’s name.

Harris, Cyril M. American Architecture: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998. Frick – Reference – Encyclopedias – NA705/H36/1998 Historic Architecture Sourcebook. New York: McGraw Hill, 1977. Frick - Reference – Encyclopedias - NA31/H67

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International Dictionary of Historic Places. Ed. by Trudy Ring. 5 vols. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1995 - . Hillman Library – Reference – Ground floor – CC135/I585/1995 Lampagnani, Vittorio. Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Architecture. 3 vols. New York: Abrams, 1986. Frick - Reference – Encyclopedias - NA680/H3913/1986 MacMillan Encyclopedia of Architects. 4 vols. New York: Free Press, 1982. Frick - Reference – Biography – NA40/M25/1982

The standard, comprehensive biographical dictionary.

Smith George Everard Kidder. Source Book of American Architecture: 500 Notable Buildings from the 10th Century to the Present. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996. Frick – NA705/S578/1996

Updated ed. of: The Architecture of the United States (1st ed. 1981.). Includes a bibliographic essay entitled “The Literature of American Architecture” by Kazys Varnelis, pp. 637-643.

Stierlin, Henri. Encyclopaedia of World Architecture. New York: Facts on File, 1977 Frick - Reference – Encyclopedias - NA202/S76/1977 Dictionaries Dictionaries offer an excellent way to locate the definitions of specialized terminology in the field of architecture.

Burden, Ernest. Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 1998. Frick - Reference – Dictionaries - NA31/B83/1998 Carley, Rachel. Visual Dictionary of American Domestic Architecture. New York: Henry Holt, 1994. Frick - Reference - NA7205/C27/1994 Curl, James Stevens. Encyclopedia of Architectural Terms. London: Donhead, 1992. Frick - Reference – Dictionaries - NA31/C87/1993 Fleming, John. The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture. 4th ed. New York: Penguin Books, 1991. Frick - Reference – Dictionaries - NA31/F55/1991 Harris, Cyril M. Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1993. Frick - Reference – Dictionaries - NA31/H32/1993 A solid technical dictionary. ________. Historic Architecture Sourcebook. New York: McGraw Hill, 1977. Frick - Reference – Encyclopedias - NA31/H67 A one-volume handbook with line drawings of architectural details. Harris, John. Illustrated Glossary of Architecture, 850-1830. London: Farber and Farber, 1966. Frick - Reference – Dictionaries - NA31/H31

An authoritative dictionary with many black-and-white photographs

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International Dictionary of Architects and Architecture. 2 vols. Detroit: St. James Press, 1993. Frick - Reference – Dictionaries - NA40/I48/1993 Lever, Jill. Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture, 800-1914. 2nd ed. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1993. Frick - Reference – Dictionaries - NA31/L45/1993 Sturgis, Russell. A Dictionary of Architecture and Building, Biographical, Historical and Descriptive. 3 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1901-1902. Frick - Reference – Encyclopedias - NA31/S93

Timelines

Timeline Archive http://www.factmonster.com/spot/timelinearchive.html Timeline of Art History (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/splash.htm Timelines of History http://timelines.ws/

Biographical Sources Also consult some of the encyclopedias listed above such as Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, Grove’s Dictionary of Art, MacMillan’s Encyclopedia of Architects and the database entitled Avery Index listed below because it includes obituaries of architectus who are often difficult to find in other resources.

American Architects Directory. New York: R. R. Bowker. Hillman - Rq NA53 A512.

British Architecture Library. Royal Institute of British Architects. Directory of British Architects, 1834-1900. London: Mansell, 1993. Frick - NA967/D57/1993 Campbell, Cindy. Architects: A Guide to Biographical Sources. Chicago: Council of Planning Librarians, 1989-. Hillman - Reference – Ground floor - Z674.5 A2 C852 no. 233. Colvin, Howard Montagu. A Biographical Dictonary of English Architects, 1660-1840. 3rd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. Frick - Reference – Biographies - NA996/C6/1995

Contemporary Architects. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980. Frick - Reference - iNA40/ C76 (3rd ed., 1994 on order as of 5/22/07)

Harvey, John Hooper. English Mediaeval Architects: A Biographical Dictionary Down to 1550, Including Master Masons, Carpenters, Carvers, Building Contractors, and Others Responsible for Design. London: Batsford, 1954. Frick - NA996 H34

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Illustrated Directory of Architects, 1986/87. 2nd ed. London: The Architectural Press, 1986. Frick - NA60 G7 I44 1986

International Dictionary of Architects and Architecture. 2 vols. Detroit: St. James Press, 1993. Frick - Reference – Biographies - NA40 I48 1993 Tatman, Sandra L. and Roger W. Moss. Biographical Dictionary of Philadelphia Architects, 1700-1930. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1985. Frick - Reference – Biographies - NA735/P5T28/1985 Who's Who in Architecture: From 1400 to the Present. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1977. Hillman - Reference – Ground floor - NA40 W48.

Withey, Henry F. Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased). Los Angeles: New Age Pub., 1956. Frick - Reference – Biographies - NA31 W82.

A Guide to the Literature Marmor, Max. Guide to the Literature of Art History 2. Chicago: American Library Association, 2005. Frick – Reference – Bibliographies – Z5931/M374/2005 Bibliographies Selected bibliographies important in the field of architectural history are listed below. Others may be located by executing a subject search in Pittcat, the online catalog. Bibliographies may have been published on individual architects who are especially renowned.

Architects Bibliography Architects England Bibliography Architecture United States Bibliography Wright Frank Lloyd Bibliography

American Association of Architectural Bibliographers. Papers. New York: Garland Publishing, 1-12, 1965-1976. Frick – NA35/A51p Aurand, Martin. Pittsburgh Architecture: A Bibliography available online at the Carnegie Mellon University, Hunt Library web site: http://www.library.cmu.edu/Research/ArchArch/PGHARCHres/biblio.html Avery’s Choice: Five Centuries of Great Architectural Books: One Hundred Years of an Architectural Library, 1890-1990. New York: G. K. Hall, 1997. Frick - Z5941/A94/1997 Ehresmann, Donald L. Architecture: A Bibliographic Guide to Basic Reference Works, Histories, and Handbooks. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1984. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies - Z5941 E38 1984

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Harris, Eileen. British Architectural Books and Writers, 1556-1785. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies – Bibliographies - NA965/H37/1990

A great historical bibliography of British architectural literature. Rich in information about the author as as well as publishers of the books.

Hitchcock, Henry Russell. American Architectural Books: A List of Books, Portfolios, and Pamphlets on Architecture and Related Subjects Published in America before 1895. New expanded ed. New York: Da Capo Press, 1976. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies - NA707/H67/1976

A standard bibliography of early American architectural literature. Includes as an appendix: Chronological Short-title List of Hitchcock’s American Architectural Books and A Listing of Architectural Periodicals before 1895.

Johns Hopkins University. The Fowler Architectural Collection of the Johns Hopkins University; Catalogue. Baltimore: Everygreen House Foundation, 1961. Frick - NA35/J65

A standard scholarly catalogue of one of the great collections of architectural classics. Regularly cited by antiquarian booksellers of architectural books because of its detailed bibliographic descriptions.

Markowitz, Arnold L. Historic Preservation: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit: Gale Research, 1980. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies - Z1251 M34. Park, Helen. A List of Architectural Books Available in America before the Revolution. New ed., rev. and enl. Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, 1973. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies - Z5944/U58Pe

A list of books available in pre-Revolutionary America. Includes 18th century locations as well as modern loations.

Rath, Frederick L. Guide to Historic Preservation, Historical Agencies, and Museum Practices: A Selective Bibliography. Cooperstown: New York State Historical Association, 1970. Hillman - Reference - Z5940 R3

Roos, Frank John. Bibliography of Early American Architecture: Writings on Architecture Constructed Before 1860 in Eastern and Central United States. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1968. Frick - Reference – Bibliography - NA707 R78 1968.

Sharp, Dennis. Sources of Modern Architecture: A Critical Bibliography. 2nd ed. Westfield, NJ: Eastview Editions, 1981. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies - NA680 S53s.

Sokol, David M. American Architecture and Art: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit: Gale Research, 1976. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies - N6505 S68.

Tannler, Albert M. Pittsburgh’s Landmark Architecture, 1785-1950: A Concise Bibliography. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation, 1994. Frick - NA2127/P5T25/1994

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Toker, Franklin. Roots of Architecture in Pittsburgh and Allegheny County: A Guide to Research Sources. Pittsburgh: Hisotical Society of Western Pennsylvania, 1979. Frick – Reading Room – Faculty Shelf - NA735/P69/T6 Weibenson, Dora. Mark J. Millard Architectural Collection. Intro. And catalogue, Dora Wiebenson; bibliographic description, Claire Baines. Washington, National Gallery of Art; New York: George Braziller, 1993. Frick – iZ5944/F7W54/1993

A two-volume bibliography of French and English architecture books. Wodehouse, Lawrence. British Architects, 1840-1976: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit: Gale Research, 1978. Frick - Reference – Bibliographies - NA961 W83.

________. Indigenous Architecture Worldwide: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit: Gale Research, 1980. Frick – Reference – Bibliographies – NA208/W83 Publishers’ Series Architectural Foundation Books

Titles in the series can be located by executing a title search for ARCHITECTURAL FOUNDATION BOOKS in Pitt Cat, the ULS online catalog. Includes such wide-ranging titles as: Politics of the German Gothic Revival, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Larkin Building, Cathedral of Bourges and Its Place in Gothic Architecture, In Search of Modern Architecture, and others.

Architecture in Detail Published in London, this series issues individual monographs on important buildings. To see a list of titles in the library’s collection, execute a title search in Pitt Cat for ARCHITECTURE IN DETAIL, the ULS online catalog. Using Pitt Cat is described below. Includes such titles as: The Getty Center: richard Meier & Partners; University of Pennsylvania Library: Frank Furness; Lawson-Westen House: Eric Owen Moss; California Aerospace Museum: Frank Gehry; Salk Institute: Louis I. Kahn; and others.

Buildings of the United States

A series issued irregularly by Oxford University Press, under the auspices of the Society of Architectural Historians. To see a list of titles in the library’s collection, execute a title search in Pitt Cat for BUILDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES. The series is still being published and includes volumes on the District of Columbia, Michigan, Louisiana, Rhode Island and others.

Cambridge Studies in the History of Architecture

Published by Cambridge University Press, titles in the series may be located in Pitt Cat, the ULS online catalog, by exsecuting a titles search for CAMBRIDGE STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE. Includes such titles as: Cathedral: The Social and Architectural Dynamics of Construction, French Architects and Engineers in the Age of Enlightenment, Sir James Pennethorne and the Making of Victorian London, and others.

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Contemporary Architecture by Country. A series compiled by Philip Jodidio on contemporary buildings in individual countries. To see a list of titles in the library’s collection, execute a title search in Pitt Cat for CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE BY COUNTRY. The series continues to be published and currently includes volumes on Japan, the United Kingdom, Japan and Switzerland. Other titles will soon be published.

Global Architecture Published by ADA EDITA in Toyko, GA publishes individual monographs on important buildings. To see a list of titles in the library’s collection, execute a title search in Pitt Cat for GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE, the ULS online catalog. Using Pitt Cat is described below. Includes such titles as: David B. Gamble House, Pasadena, California, 1908; Sydney Opera House; Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City; TWA Terminal Building, Kennedy Airport, New York; and others.

History of World Architecture

Published by Harry N. Abrams, a list of titles may be found in the library’s collection by executing a title search in Pitt Cat for HISTORY OF WORLD ARCHITECTURE. Includes such titles as: Architecture of the Renaissance, Baroque Architecture, Roman Architecture, Architectrure of the Nineteenth Century, and others.

Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture. Frick – NA705/P472 – 1-6, 9-10 (1982-2003 also available online in the J-Stor Database. To access it, begin at the ULS web page, click on Databases A-Z, click the letter J and then click on the database title, J-STOR. J-STOR offers a full-text archive of this journal and others.)

An irregularly published series on vernacular architecture in the United States. Each volume consists of papers presented at various meetings of the Vernacular Architecture Forum.

Gathering Substantial Information

More substantial and detailed information may be found by:

• consulting the bibliographies in the encyclopedias listed above • searching for books in the library’s online catalog • searching for materials using the bibliographies listed below

Pitt Cat (the Online Catalog) Books will provide you with more extensive information than what can be found in encyclopedias, dictionaries and other reference sources. One can ascertain what books are owned by the ULS by searching Pitt Cat, the ULS online catalog. It is accessible through the ULS Digital Library, mounted on terminals in all ULS libraries. Pitt Cat is a database of all materials in ULS libraries and may be searched by author, title, Library of Congress subject heading and keyword. It is important to know how to combine terms and revise keyword searches. For additional information on using Pitt Cat, consult the library’s instructional sheets

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on how to use Pitt Cat. Copies of the sheets are available near the computer terminals in all ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library (www.library.pitt.edu) and click on Pitt Cat. Chose the type of search you want. Examples are listed below. To locate books within the ULS libraries, see Library Guide No. 2 entitled Frick Fine Arts Library: How to Find Books. It also explains how to locate materials that are not owned by ULS libraries.

Author Search Toker Frank

Title Search Global History of Architecture Keyword Search (allows you to select search fields and use search connectors) Pittsburgh [subject search] AND Architecture [subject search]

Limit Keyword Searches: One can also limit keyword searches by FIRST clicking the SET LIMITS button to the bottom right of the keyword search screen. Searches can be limited in several ways but the most commonly used are limiting by language or date or location. NOTE: After each limited search, one must click the CLEAR SEARCH LIMITS button at the bottom of the screen, otherwise all other searches will be limited.

Language: To limit searches to the English language only, after clicking the SET LIMITS button, choose the language search and click the language of choice. Then click the SET SEARCH LIMITS button at the bottom of the limit screen. Resulting searches will only result in English language materials. Date: To limit searches by date or date span follow the same instructions as above, but choose the date search and indicate the date or date span. Then click the SET SEARCH LIMTIS button at the bottom of the limit screen. Resulting searches will only result in materials published within the chosen date or date span. Location: To limit searches to the Frick Fine Arts Library, follow the same instructions as above, but choose the location search and indicate the library of choice. Then click the SET SEARCH LIMITS button at the bottom of the limit screen. Resulting searches will only result in materials located in the Frick Fine Arts Library. NOTE: Use this limit carefully because many related materials may be located in Hillman Library and using this search limit will not result in those materials.

Boolean Search: Allows you to use truncation symbols, search connectors, and search results include essays and chapters within books. The question mark tells the computer to search for all forms of the word (i.e., architect, architectural, architecture, architects).

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Koolhaas AND Interview? Borromini AND Rome

Subject Searching in Pitt Cat Books on the biography of some architects may be found by searching the architect’s name in Pitt Cat or by using the following Library of Congress Subject Headings in Pitt Cat, the ULS online catalog (described more fully below). Begin at the ULS Digital Library (www.library.pitt.edu) and click on Pitt Cat. Chose the type of search you want. Examples are listed below. The general subject of architecture is sub-divided by location, architectural style and type of reference.

Architecture France Architecture Italy Architecture Great Britain Architecture United States Architecture Chicago Architecture Pittsburgh

Architecture London Architecture Rome

Architecture Romanesque Architecture Gothic Revival Architecture Gothic Architecture Greek Revival Architecture Renaissance Architecture Modern Architecture Baroque Architecture Modern 20th Century Architecture Rococo Architecture Modern 21st Century Architecture 19th Century Architecture Postmodern

Books on architecture are also listed under the adjective form of the country’s name. For example:

Architecture American Architecture Italian Architecture French Architecture Japanese

Schools of Architectural Thought Bauhaus Deconstructivism (Architecture) Brutalism Neoclassicism (Architecture)

Information may be located on architects by using that term as a subject heading and by searching the architect’s name.

Architects Women Architects Adjaye David Ledoux Charles Nicholas Burnham Daniel Libeskind Daniel Calatrava Santiago Lin Maya Ying

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Gray, Eileen Mies van der Rohe Ludwig Gropius Walter Neutra Richard Hadid Zaha Palladio Hornbostle Henry Pei I M Ito Toyo Richardson Henry Hobson Johnson Philip Frederick Vitruvius Koolhaas Rem Wren Christopher Le Corbusier Wright Frank Lloyd Information may also be located by searching the name of an architectural firm.

Asymptote Firm McKim Mead and White Coop Himmelblau Nox Firm Diller + Scofidio Office for Metropolitan Architecture Longfellow Alden and Harlow Skidmore Owings Merrill MVRDV Firm Space Lab Cook - Fournier

Names of Buildings When a building is very well known, its name may be used as a subject heading. Remember, though, that when searching for information on a church, it may be listed under its official name rather than its popular name (i.e., material on the Duomo in Florence, Italy is listed under its official name, Sta Maria del Fiore).

Allegheny County Courthouse Museo Guggenheim Bilbao Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano Notre Dame Paris Casa Mila Palazzo da Medici Cathedral of Learning Pantheon Rome Chapelle Notre Dame du Haut Parthenon Chartres Cathedral Seattle Central Library Empire State Building Sydney Opera House Fallingwater United States Holocaust Museum Getty Center Villa Savoye Hampton Court Westminster Abbey Johnson House Windshield House Kunsthaus Graz World Trade Center

Historic places may also be entered as subject headings when the library has publications on such places.

Allegheny Cemetery Palazzo Vecchio (Florence) Clayton Pittsburgh PA Place Vendome Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum United States Capitol Mount Vernon (Va) Estate Versailles Monticello (Va) White House

History of Individual Cities

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London History Pittsburgh PA History Paris History Venice History

Travel guides and city guidebooks may also be important sources of information. The same sibject heading structure works for locating materials about other cities and regions around the world.

Architecture Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Guidebooks Pittsburgh PA Buildings, Structures, Etc. Guidebooks Pittsburgh PA Guidebooks Subject Headings for Related Material Architectural Criticism Gardens Architectural Design Historic Buildings Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Architectural Drawing Historic Sites Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Architectural Models Landscape Architecture United States Architecture and Society Pitsburgh PA Buidings Structures Etc Architects and Patrons Pittsburgh PA City Planning Buildings Design and Construction Public Space Space (Architecture) Campus Planning Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Symbolism in Architecture City Planning Pennsylvania Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Build Domestic Architecture Vernacular Archicture

Selected Titles on Architectural History

Architecture and History Architecture History Architecture United States History

Ching, Frank. A Global History of Architecture. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons, 2007. Frick – Reference – Encyclopedias - NA200/C493/2007 Gloag, John. The Architectural Interpretation of History. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977. Frick – NA2543/H55G56/1977 Jodidio, Philip. Architecture Now! 4 vols. Cologne: Taschen, 2001- . Frick – NA680/J559/2001 Pevsner, Nikolaus, Sir. An Outline of European Architecture. 7th ed., reprinted with rev. bibliography. Harmondsworth, Eng.; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1963, 1968/1974. Frick - NA950/P51/1963

A classic historiography.

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________. Some Architectural Writers of the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972. Frick - NA25/P51

A history of (mostly English) architectural literature from Horace Walpole to William Morris.

Rambert, Francis. Architecture Tomorrow. Paris: Edigroup/Terrail, 2005. Frick – NA687/R36/2005 Roth, Leland. American Architecture: A History. Boulder, CO: Icon Editions/Westview Press, 2001. Frick – NA705/R669/2001 (copy also in Hillman Library) ________. Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History, and Meaning. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2007. Frick – NA2500/R68/2007 Trachtenberg, Marvin. Architecture, from Prehistory to Post-Modernity. 2nd ed. New York: Abrams, 2002. Frick - NA200/T7/2002

A standard one-volume survey. Watkin, David. A History of Western Architecture. 4th ed. New York: Watson – Guptill, 2005. Frick – NA200/W412/2005

A standard survey of the study of architectural history. Selected Titles on Architectural Theory

Architecture Architecture Modern 20th Century Philosophy Architecture Philosophy

Architectural Theory. Ed. by Harry Francis Mallgrave. 2 vols. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2006 - . NA2500/A7115/2006 Capron, David Smith. Architectural Theory. 2 vols. New York: John Wiley, 1999. New York: John Wiley, 1999. NA2500/C3146/1999 Hearn, Fil. Ideas That Shaped Buildings. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003. Frick – NA2500/H379/2003 Kruft, Hanno-Walter. A History of Architectural Theory: From Vitruvius to the Present. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994. Frick - NA2500/K7513/1994

A standard history of architectural theory. Malgrave, Harry Francis. Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673-1968. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Frick – NA2500/M28/2005 Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture. Ed. by Charles Jencks. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Academy, 2006. Frick – NA680/T44/2006

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Wiebenson, Dora, ed. Architectural Theory and Practice from Alberti to Ledoux. 2nd ed., rev. Chicago: Architectural Publications, dist. by University of Chicago Press, 1983. Frick - NA2500/A72/1983

Originally an exhibition catalog, now one of the most accessible English-language surveys of architectural treatises.

Selected Titles on Building Types Architectural Record: Building Types Study

For many years, Architectural Record magazine has published “Building Types Studies” with case-study examples of a specific building type featured in each issue. Recent studies are now available on the Internet. Look here for contemporary examples of various building types. Set up an account for full access.

Pearman, Hugh. Contemporary World Architecture. London: Phaidon, 1998. Frick – NA680/P32/1998

A survey of contemporary building types and the forces that shape them, addressing hundreds of recent buildings.

Pevsner, Nikolaus. A History of Building Types. Princeton: Princeton University, 1976. Frick – NA4170/P51 Wayne, Katheryn M. Architecture Sourcebook: A Guide to Resources on the Practice of Architecture. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 1997. Hillman Library – Z5943/A72A75/1997

Most of this guide is organized by building type and each section points to key reference sources, associations, bibliographies, books, and periodicals pertaining to that buiding type.

Selected Titles on Design and Composition

Architectural Design Architecture Architecture Composition Proportion Etc

Alexander, Christopher. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977. Frick – NA9031/A37 Ching, Frank. Architecture: Form, Space & Order. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 1996. Frick – NA2760/C46/1996 The Experimental Tradition: Essays on Competitions in Architecture. Ed. by Helene Lipstadt. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1989. Frick – NA2340/E9/1989 Frank Lloyd Wright: A Primer on Architectural Principles. Ed. by Robert McCarter. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1991. Frick – NA737/W7F678/1991

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Haraguchi, Hideaki. A Comparative Analysis of 20th Century Houses. London: Academy Editions, 1988. Frick – NA7125/H38/1988 Laseau, Paul and James Tice. Frank Lloyd Wright: Between Principle and Form. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992. Frick – NA737/W7L37/1991 Rasmussen, Steen Eiler. Experiencing Architecture. 2nd U.S. ed. Trans. from Danish by Eve Wendt. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1962. Frick – NA2550/R22/1962 Unwin, Simon. Analysing Architecture. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2003. Frick – NA2750/U58/2003 Selected Titles on Architectural Models

Architectural Models Buckles, G. Matthew. Building Architectural & Interior Design Models Fast! Ranchero Cucamonga, CA: Belpine Pub. Co., 1991. Frick – NA2790/B82/1991 Greenstreet, Bob. Architectural Representation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. Frick – NA2705/G74/1988 Knoll, Wolfgang and Martin Hechinger. Architectural Models: Construction Techniques. New York: McGraw Hill, 1992. Frick - NA2790/K5913/1992 Mills, Criss. Designing with Models: A Studio Guide to Making and Using Architectural Design Models. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2005. Frick – NA2790/M5/2005 Morris, Mark. Models: Architecture and the Miniature. Chichester, England: Wiley-Academy, 2006. Frick – NA2790/M67/2006

Locating Current or More Detailed Information

After obtaining the necessary books and completing request forms for items that you may need, but that we do not own, it is important to search for more current or specific information. Begin at the ULS Home Page (www.library.pitt.edu) To locate journals within ULS libraries, see Library Guide No. 3 entitled Frick Fine Arts Library: How to Find Journal Articles. It also includes information on how to loate materials that are not owned by ULS libraries.

Use “Databases A-Z” for a title list of individual databases

Databases, Periodical Indexes and Abstract Journals Art Index Retrospective. 1929-1983. Indexing only.

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Art Full Text. 1984+, Full Text of SOME titles, 1997+ Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title of the database.

One can either search these databases individually or simultaneously. The databases cover the art of all periods in most American and major European art journals and museum bulletins. Coverage includes African, Chinese, Egyptian, classical Greek and Roman, Indian and Southeast Asian, Islamic, Japanese, Latin American, Native American, Oceanic and Pre-Columbian arts written in English and European languages. Includes journal articles, book reviews, exhibition reviews, and indexing of art reproductions. For assistance in using this database, see Library Guide No. 4 entitled Art FullText which will soon be mounted as a Research Guide on the Art and Architectural History Subject Page of the ULS Digital Library.

Avery Index to Architectural Publications 1930s+ with some coverage back to 1860. Citations only. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title of the database.

The Avery Index provides citations to more than 1,000 periodicals published worldwide on archaeology, city planning, interior design, and historic preservation, as well as architecture. This database indexes not only the international scholarly and popular periodical literature, but also the publications of professional associations, US state and regional periodicals, and the major serial publications on architecture and design of Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Australia. Expanded coverage includes obituary citations providing an excellent source of biographical data – often the only information available for less-published architects. The AI is producted by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library of Columbia University, the Getty Information Institute, and the Research Libraries Group, Inc. For assistance in using the AI, please use the “Online Help” feature that is a part of the database or see Library Guide No. 6 entitled Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals which will soon be mounted as a Research Guide on the Art and Architecural History Subject Page on the ULS Digital Library. Updated weekly.

Bibliography of the History of Art (BHA) 1990+ Citations and abstracts (summaries) only. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “B,” and then click the title of the database.

BHA provides citations and abstracts (summaries) to published materials in all periods of art and architectural history, including the entire contents of its predecessor, RILA (1975-1989) and part of the contents to another predecessor (RAA, 1973-1989; NOTE: 1929-1972 of this index are only available in the printed edition located in the library’s reference room). BHA is the most comprehensive art bibliography available worldwide, covering European and American visual arts from late antiquity to the present. This database indexes and abstracts books, exhibition catalogs, dissertations, essays, journal articles, Festschriften, conference proceedings and dealer catalogs. Broad in scope, the bibliography’s citations encompass art, architecture, painting, sculpture, drawing, prints, decorative arts, crafts, graphic arts, and folk and popular art. BHA is updated quarterly. For assistance in using BHA, please consult Library Guide No. 5 entitled Bibliography of the History of Art. It will soon be mounted as a

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Research Guide on the Art and Architectural History Subject Page on the ULS Digital Library.

America: History and Life 1964+ Citations and abstracts (summaries) only. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title of the database.

A comprehensive bibliography of articles on the history and culture of the United States and Canada from prehistory to the present. (For coverage of non-North American history see Historical Abstracts listed below.) Abstracts (summaries) and indexing for some 8,000 articles appearing in more than 2,000 journals published worldwide in history, related humanities, and the social sciences. This database also includes citations to book reviews from approximately 100 major journals of American history and culture and relevant dissertations. The database is updated bi-monthly. For help in using AHL, please consult the database’s “Help” button.

Historical Abstracts 1960+ Citations and abstracts (summaries) only Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “H,” and then click the title of the database. 1955 to 1959 are only available in the printed edition. They were updated four times per year and must be searched manually. They are located in Hillman - Reference - Ground floor - Index Tables.

HA is a database providing citations and abstracts to literature on the history of the world from 1450 to the present (excluding the United States and Canda, which are covered in America: History and Life (see above). The database is packed with annotated references to information on topics from the Renaissance to Tiananmen Square – over half a million entries. HA covers more than 2,000 journals published throughout the world, relevant dissertations completed worldwide, approximately 3,000 citrations to useful historical books reviewed by the most prestigious journals in the field, and citations for in-process English-language articles (items for which abstracts (summaries), chronologies, and subject terms are not yet available). HA is updated monthly. For assistance in using this database, please consult the “Online Search Help” feature.

E-Journals and Newspapers Full-text databases are continually being developed that help the research locate historical newspapers and journals. Pitt libraries subscribe to some of those databases. See also Library Guide No. 37 entitled: Art History: E-Journals (with a List). Selected architecture journal titles available in full text via the E-Journals link on the ULS home page (www.library.pitt.edu): Architectural Design Grey Room Architectural History Journal of Architecture (London) Architectural Record Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians Architectectural Review (London) Journal of Urban Design Architecture (Washington, DC) Perspecta

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American Periodical Series Online (1740-1900) Fulltext. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title of the database.

APS Online includes digitized images of the pages of American magazines and journals published from colonial days to the dawn of the 20th century. Titles range from Benjamin Franklin’s General Magazine, popular magazines such as Ladies’ Home Journal and regional and niche publications, as well as groundbreaking journals like The Dial, Puck and McClure’s.

British Periodicals (1680s-1930s). Fulltext. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “B,” and then click the title of the database.

BPO traces the development and growth of the periodical press in Britain from its origins in the 17th century through to the Victorian “age of periodicals” and beyond. This database is still in process, but when it is completed this archive will consist of almost 500 periodical runs published from the 1680s to the 1930s. Among the periodicals included in BPO are titles founded, edited or regularly contributed to by a host of important figures.

J-STOR. Fulltext. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “J,” and then click the title of the database..

JSTOR is not a current issues database, but an archive of important scholarly journals in digital format. The articles show the pages as they were originally designed, printed and illustrated. Journals archived in JSTOR span many disciplines, including architecture. Because of JSTOR’s archival mission, there is a gap, typically from one to five years, between the most recently published journal issues and the back issues available in JSTOR.

National Newspapers. Fulltext. Coverage varies. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “N,” and then click the title of the database.

A database that provides citations, abstracts and full text to articles in the following current newspapers: Christian Science Monitor, Los Angeles Times, New York Times, New York Times Book Review, New York Times Magazine, Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post. Updated daily. For assistance in using this database, please use the “Online Search Help” button.

New York Times Historical (1885-2001) Full text. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Database A-Z,” click the letter “N,” and then click the title of the database.

Provides full text access to the New York Times newspaper from 1885-2001, inluding book and exhibition reviews.

Pittsburgh Post Gazette Coverage varies. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “P,” and then click the title of the database.

A link to the internet edition to full text of the Pittsburgh Post Gazette. Contains current information. The PPG web site includes a wealth of information about the Pittsburgh region,

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current events and activities, in-depth looks at major news stories and world and national news. This database is updated daily. NOTE: Full-text access to the PPG back to 1997 is available through the following database:

Academic Universe Coverage varies. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title of the database.

AU provides full text and citation access to information in the reference, business, medical and legal disciplines. The database does provide full text access to the PPG back to 1997. News information is updated daily; wire services, several times daily. For assistance in using AU, please use the “Academic Universe Online Help” feature.

Pittsburgh Tribune Review http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/tribune-review/

Another mainstream newspaper published in the Pittsburgh area. The web site allows a person to search issues from1988+.

Times of London Digital Archive, 1785-1985. Full text. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “T,” and then click the title of the database.

Provides the indexing, abstracts (summaries) and full text of The Times of London newspaper from 1785-1985. For current articles (1985+), see the database entitled Academic (Lexis-Nexis).

A Directory Pittsburgh Register of Historic Places. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Historic Review Commission, 1994. Hillman Library - 3rd floor - Archives of Industrial Society - Reference - F159/P68A26/1994

Adopted on December 10, 1993 by the Commission. Maps City of Pittsburgh Maps (Department of City Planning, City of Pittsburgh)

Located in the John Robbin Building, 200 Ross Street (4th Street), Downtown Pittsburgh The source for the official city lot maps and topographical maps with building footprints. Call ahead (412-255-2216) about hours and fees.

City of Pittsburgh Maps http://www.city.pittsburgh.pa.us/cp/maps/

Good online maps of Pittsburgh neighborhoods, parks, etc. But not the official city lot maps and topographical maps with building footprints (see above). All maps are available in Adobe PDF format by clicking the link located above and to the right of all map images. PDF maps can be printed at a high resolution. To zoom in on a map, first open the PDF version of it. Then use the magnifying glass tool located in the browser toolbar to click and drag on the map.

Google Earth www.google.com

Click on the Maps tab, type city (and, if needed, an address). Navigate the map by using the directional arrows and double click on the city sections to zoom in and out

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Hillman Library Map Collection (University of Pittsburgh) Hillman Library – Ground floor – Adjacent to the Reserves Desk in the Lending Department.

The best collection in town including a complete set of United States Geological Survey (USGS) maps and GIS resources. The collection contains a wide variety of maps, ranging from general historical, thematic and road maps and maps published by the National Geographic Society and the US Army Map Service/Defense Mapping Agency. Depository maps from the US government include forestry maps, census maps, CIA maps, and maps from various other government agencies. In addition to all the above paper maps, the Map Collection and Government Documents Department offer geographic data available through the GIS Service Center (located on ground floor near the Information Desk). For additional information on the ULS Map Collection, please see the online subject guide developed by librarians at www.library.pitt.edu/subject_guides/govtpublications/hlmaps.html

Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access http://www.pasda.psu.edu/flash.shtml

PASDA is the State Geospatial Data Clearinghouse and is also a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Clearinghouse node that provides free public access to geospatial data and metadata via the Internet. PASDA supports search, display, and retrieval of GIS data, imagery, such as satellite images and aerial photographs, and metadata related to Pennsylvania. In addition to GIS data sets, PASDA also provides GIS tutorials, and extensive FAQ and information about metadata. This resources includes free sources of USGS 1:24K topographical maps (DRGs) for all areas of Pennsylvania.

Plat Maps / Fire Insurance Maps These maps were published in book format since the 1870s, most by G. M. Hopkins and the Sanborn Map Company. They usually show the names of property owners, street addresses, and dimensions for individual properties; and show footprints, building materials, and number of stories for buildings. They were republished periodically; thus a comparison of volumes for the same area shows development over time.

• Historic Pittsburgh (University of Pittsburgh and the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania) Site includes online access to many G. M. Hopkins maps for Pittsburgh.

• Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps (Hunt Library, Carnegie Mellon University)

This library has the Sanborn maps on microfilm. USGS Maps and Aerial Photo Images Online http://nationalmap.gov/gio/viewonline.html

Online sources for United States Geological Survey (USGS) maps, aerial photographs (satellite images), etc.

Atlases The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary World Architecture. Comprehensive ed. London: Phaidon, 2004. Frick – Reference – Tables – oNA687/P43 Sachar, Brian. An Atlas of European Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984. Hillman - Reference - qNA950 S2 1984.

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Rand McNally Atlas of World History. (1987) Hillman Library - Reference - Ground floor - G1030/R36/1987

The most detailed treatment is given to North American and European history (particularly for the 19th and 20th centuries, but coverage includes maps of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

The World Atlas of Architecture. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1984. Frick – Reference – Tables - iNA200 W67 1984.

Searching for Drawings and Images It is important to keep a record of the images in the library materials that you may be discussing in your paper. Even though the Internet has made it somewhat easier to locate images, it can still be a time-consuming business. Many of the resources listed above include illustrations and so do books and journal articles on individual architects and architectural firms. In addition, several of the web sites listed below include images, plans and maps. It is possible to locate books that include architectural drawings and images by executing Subject Searches in Pitt Cat, the ULS online catalog. See that section above for information on using Pitt Cat. Suggested LC Subject Headings include:

Architectural Drawing Architecture Modern 20th Century Designs and Plans Architecture Modern 21st Century Designs and Plans Architectural Rendering Architecture Design and Plans Architecture Sketch-books

The latter two subject headings, for example, may provide you with such titles as the following:

Le Corbusier, il linguaggio delle pietre The Notebooks and Drawings of Louis I. Kahn (1962)

Using the names of famed architects may also lead you to publications about archives of their drawings. For example, the following LC Subject Heading leads one to the book entitled: The Architectural Drawings of Alvar Aalto, 1917-1939.

Alvar Aalto Archive Using such LC Subject Headings as the following will lead one to sketchbooks and catalogs of famed architects’ drawings.

Le Corbusier Notebooks Sketchbooks, Etc. Rossi Aldo Catalogs Villard de Honnecourt Notebooks Sketchbooks Etc

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Images may also be located in journal articles about an architect, architectural firm or building. Consult the following databases that include image location features.

Art Index Retrospective. 1929-1983. Indexing only. Art Full Text. 1984+, Full Text of SOME titles, 1997+ Databases available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title of the database. See description above.

Includes indexing of art reproductions. For assistance in using this database, see Library Guide No. 4 entitled Art FullText which will soon be mounted as a Research Guide on the Art and Architectural History Subject Page of the ULS Digital Library.

ARTstor. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title.

A digital libray of images, their associated information, and software tools designed to enhance teaching, learning, and scholarship. The ARTstor Digital Library contains approximately 500,000 images from a wide range of cultures and time periods; including images of architecture, painting, photography, prints, drawings, sculpture, decorative arts, design, archeological and anthropological objects. One must be a Pitt-affiliated user in order to utilize the full features of the database, including downloading and saving images.

Avery Index to Architectural Publications 1930s+ with some coverage back to 1860. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “A,” and then click the title of the database. See description above. One may search for citations to various types of images of buildings in this database that have been published within publications.

Searching for Illustrations in the Avery Index One can also search the Avery Index for floor plans, elevations, sesctions, isometric and axonometric drawings, not to mention details, photographs, and other technical and decorative images of buildings, their elements and interiors. The Avery Index list of the terms used for a variety of illustrative material includes: aerial photos, axonometric drawings, charts, computer drawings, details, diagrams, drawings, elevations, figures, graphs, ill., isometric drawings, maps, models, photos., plans, ports., reconstructions, sections, site plans, and sketches. Definitions of some of the terms are provided below. • Elevations: Drawings depicting a building’s exterior features illustrated in one plane. • Figures: This term is most frequently used for archaeological illustrations that

represent a three-dimensional object such as a coin, vase, or other artifact. • Ill.: This term was often the only used term given to many of the older articles. It

also applies to decorative graphics and to reproductions of two-dimensional works of art other than drawings or sketches.

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• Maps: Maps are considered to be representations of the surface of the earth or some portion of it. (See also site plans below.)

• Models: Any photograph of a model is termed a model, as it is the information conveyed by the three-dimensional form of the model that is paramount.

• Photos: This abbreviated term will retrieve any record in which any form of photograph is recorded, whether originally indexed as singular or plural, or as an aerial photograph.

• Plans: Use this term for one or more floor plans. It site plans are also desired Plans will retrieve them as well. But if site plans are wanted specifically, select site plans as the preferred term.

• Reconstructions: This term retrieves hypothesized views of how a non-extant built work (e.g., a ruin or excavated archaeological site) is imagined to have originally appeared.

• Sections: A slice of an interior, revealing an elevation of the remaining part of the building. Both corss-sections and longitudinal sections, as identified in the article, are included but are not differentiated in the indexed record.

• Site plans: Site plans depict a building or group of buildings or built works in the context of their natural environment. Site plans typically illustrate the natural physical topography of the terrain, and can include trees, gradients and land contours, roads, sidewalks, ground cover, rivers, lakes, or in urban areas, adjoining blocks. The building is usually shown in roof plan but the ground floor plan may appear instead.

In order to retrieve citations for materials featuring plans of, for example, Fallingwater:

1. Execute a Subject Word search = Fallingwater, then click the Search button. 2. Choose a Subject Heading (like, for example, the 8th one) = 34 results and click that

subject heading for a list of results. 3. Click Limit (to open another search window). 4. Choose Illustration as a search type (opens another search box). 5. Scroll down the list of illustration types and click on Plans (to obtain citations of

materials that include floorplans and site plans). 6. Click Apply Limit for a list of results.

Use the same process whether you are looking for elevations of a Palladian villa in Italy, a Luytens house in the English countryside, an isometric drawing of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain or the competition models for the World Trade Center site in New York City.

Grove Dictionary of Art. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases Alphabetically,” click the letter “G,” and then click the title of the database. See description above.

While this database now places illustrations within recently written articles, when the database was first created, the images were located at a separate Links button and then search by subject or artist’s name.

One may also try image searches using the following search engines on the Internet:

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• Google Image Search

• www.google.com • Click on Images tab

• Altavista Image Search • www.altavista.com • Click on Images tab

Sources of Print Reproductions See Library Guide No. 19 entitled Art History: Locating Art Historical Images. It will soon be mounted on the ULS web page. Dunster, David. Key Buildings of the Twentieth Century. 2 vols. New York: Rizzoli, 1985; London: Butterworth, 1990. Frick – NA2705/W44/2004

A two-volume set that documents major 20th century buildings in plans drawn to the same scale (1:250).

Fletcher, Banister, Sir. A History of Architecture. 20th ed. Boston: Architectural Press, 1996. Frick - Reference - NA200/F63/1996

First published in 1896, this is a standard reference work most often consulted for its line drawings of plans, sections and elevations.

Millon, Henry A., ed. Key Monuments of the History of Architecture. New York: Prentice Hall and Abrams, 1964. Hillman Library - 3rd floor - NA202/M656

An enormous corpus of black-and-white photographs. Richardson, Ruth. The Builder: Illustrations Index, 1843-1883. London: The Builder Group, 1994. Frick – Reference - iNA967/R54/1994

The Builder was the foremost illustrated architectural journal of the Victorian era. It began regular publication in 1843 and rapidly became influential. Now renamed Building, the journal is the UK’s longest running business weekly. The journals’s subject matter is broad and international. It includes new and old buildings of all types with associated arts and sciences, such as archaeology, sculpture, building materials and construction methods. This index features six comprehensive indexes to more than 12,000 images published in the journal from 1843 to 1883.

Royal Institute of British Architects. Catalogue of the Drawings Collection of the Royal Institute of British Architects. 21 vols. Farnsborough, Eng.: J. Gregg International, 1968- . Frick – On order as of 5/29/07 Smith, Kendra Schank. Architects’ Drawings: A Selection of Sketches by World Famous Architects through History. Oxford; Burlington, MA: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 2005. Frick – NA2700/S65/2005 Stierlin, Henri. Encyclopaedia of World Architecture. 2 vols. New York: Facts on File, 1977. Frick – NA202/S76/1977

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Plans, elevations, sections, and some color photographs of hundreds of key buildings. Teague, Edward H. Index to Italian Architecture: A Guide to Key Monuments and Reproduction Sources. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992. Frick - Reference - NA111/T4/1992

A guide to reproductions published within monographs. ________. World Architecture Index: A Guide to Illustrations. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991. Frick - Reference – Encyclopedias - NA202/T4/1991

A guide to reproductions published within monographs. Weston, Richard. Key Buildings of the Twentieth Century: Plans, Sections, and Elevations. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004. Frick – NA2705/W44/2004

Features 106 of the most significant and influential buildings of the 20th century. Includes a CD-ROM (available at the Library’s Reference Desk)..

The World Atlas of Architecture. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1984. Frick – Reference – Tables - iNA200 W67 1984

A pictorial history of architecture useful for its variety of color photographs, diagrams, and drawings.

Selected Internet Guides to Architecture

• Architecture and Building (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) http://library.nevada.edu/arch/rsrce/webrsrce/contents.html

• Architecture Virtual Library (University of Toronto)

http://42explore.com/arch.html

• Cyburbia: The Urban Planning Portal (Univeristy at Buffalo) http://www.cyburbia.org/

• Centre for Landscape Research (includes the Virtual Library of Landscape Architecture),

University of Toronto http://www.clr.utoronto.ca/

Selected Individual Web Sites

• archINFORM International Architecture Database http://eng.archinform.net/ Claims to be the largest online database for international architecture, including nearly 10,000 buildings and projects, mostly from the 20th century.

• ArchNet http://www.suite101.com/external_link.cfm?elink=http://archnet.org A global resource for architecture with a special focus on the Islamic world.

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• Emporis http://www.emporis.com/en/ Emporis is a provider of building-related information specializing in high-rise buidings. Lots of data and images. Was formerly Skyscrapers.com.

• The Great Buildings Collection http://www.greatbuildings.com/ Documentation of important buildings and architects. Project entries may include textual information, photos, drawings, 3-D models, and references. The web site will frequently tell you that there is additional information on the Great Buildings Collection CD-ROM. While this is not available in the Frick Fine Arts Library, the Art and Architecture Dept. of Hunt Library at Carnegie Mellon University has it. Pitt students may borrow items from Hunt Library, but before doing so, must begin at the Lending Desk, Ground floor of Hillman Library.

• The Society of Architectural Historians Image Database http://mexplaza.udg.mx/wm/ An image exchange that covers ancient, medieval, Renaissance – modern periods as well as Non-Western architecture.

• SPIRO (http://www.mip.berkeley.edu/query_forms/browse-spiro_form.html) Architecture Slide Library, University of California at Berkeley. Visual online catalog of architectural slides. Currently, about 20,000 thumbnail images with descriptions are searchable by Personal Names, Object Titles, Locations, Subject Terms, or Abbreviations. Searches also can be refined by selecting a Period or Topic.

• THAIS (http://www.thais.it) This site has hundreds of images of Italian sculpture and European architecture searchable by keyword or browesable by indexes.

Research Collections

American Memory: Historical Collections for the National Digital Library (Library of Congress http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html

A constantly growing online collection of images and other historic records. Includes documentation of buildings, landscapes, cities, and more. Start with the “Collection Finder” link.

Built in America: Historic American Buildings Survey / Historic American Engineering Record, 1933 – present

Measured drawings, photographs, and written histories for thousands of historic structures and sites.

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Historic Pittsburgh. Fulltext and images. Available for you to search yourself at any electronic device in ULS libraries. Begin at the ULS Digital Library Home Page, click “Databases A-Z,” click the letter “H,” and then click the title of the database.

Historic Pittsburgh is a digital collection that provides an opportunity to explore and research the history of Pittsburgh and the surrounding Western Pennsylvania area on the Internet. It is a joint project of the University of Pittsburgh and the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania. The Historic Pittsburgh Image Collections contain thousands of images from over a dozen photographic collections held by three local cultural heritage institutions in Pittsburgh. The images visually document the cultural, educational and social development of Pittsburgh, as well as depict the vast infrastructure and industry of the region. Most of the materials in Historic Pittsburgh's Full-Text Collection were published or produced before the early 1920s and are out of print or not readily accessible. These materials cover the growth and development of Pittsburgh and the surrounding Western Pennsylvania area from the period of exploration and settlement to the period of industrial revolution and modernization. The Historic Pittsburgh Maps Collection comprises plat maps published by the G. M. Hopkins Company and covers the greater Pittsburgh area of 1872 to 1939. The Historic Pittsburgh Finding Aids Project facilitates the discovery or archival and manuscript resources held by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh and the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania. The finding aids describe important archival collections on greater Pittsburgh area history. The Historic Pittsburgh Census Project enables the searching of the U.S. Census Schedules for the city of Pittsburgh from the years 1850-1880 and for Allegheny City from the years 1850-1870. The Historic Pittsburgh Web site is produced by the Digital Library of the University Library System, University of Pittsburgh. Contents cover the history of Pittsburgh in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Making of America (University of Michigan)

http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moagrp/

A digital library of 19th century primary sources in American social history.

Urban Planning, 1794-1918: An International Anthology of Articles, Conference Papers, and Reports (John W. Reps, Cornell University)

http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/homepage.htm

Archives

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh 4400 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Telehone: 412-622-3114 Web site: www.carnegielibrary.org

The Music Department (formerly the Music and Art Department), on the second floor of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, houses the important Pittsburgh Artist File. It is a card catalog that indexes clippings on local artists and local art shows such as Pittsburgh Associated Artists and the Carnegie International. This file may also refer you to the clippings themselves or citations to articles in journals and information contained within

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books. This Department of the Carnegie Library will also have the best collection of exhibition catalogs for the annual shows by the Associated Artists of Pittsburgh. The Pennsylvania Room, also on the second floor of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, offers a wonderful collection of books, photographs, and other materials on all aspects of Pittsburgh history that may include information on the city’s artists. In addition, the Pennsylvania Room also houses a clippings file of materials relating to the city’s art, sculpture, and architecture, as well as other aspects of the city’s history.

Carnegie Mellon University Hunt Library, 2nd floor 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 Telephone: 412-268-7402 E-mail for University Archives: jbenford@andrew.cmu.edu Web site: http://www.library.cmu.edu

The repository for university records documenting CMU’s history, University Archives contains official records and personal papers generated by faculty, academic departments, administrative offices, and campus organizations of historical or administrative importance. Some collections are available in full text format at the CMU web site. More than 200,000 photographs documenting the history of CMU and its institutional predecessors are also found in the archive. Important collections relating to art include: The Robert Adrian Papers (on the DAX Collection), the Andrew Carnegie Collection, the Digital Art Exchange (DAX) Collection, the Arnold Bank Collection, the Lee Goldman Collection, and the Robert L. Lepper Collection (the professor who taught Andy Warhol, Philip Pearlstein, and Mel Bochner). University archives also holds information on the buildings on the CMU campus. In addition, the Art Department of Hunt Library includes a special Architecture Archives. See the Department’s web site for important information accessible in that part of Hunt Library, including digital projects: www.library.cmu.edu/Research/ArchArch/index.html Includes collections information and links to Pittsburgh Architecture: A Guide to Research by Martin Aurand, Charette Digital Project (1920-1974), AIA Pittsburgh Awards and sites for information on CMU campus architecture.

History Society of Western Pennsylvania Library and Archives Senator John Heinz Pittsburgh Regional History Center 1212 Smallman Street (6th floor) Pittsburgh, PA 15222 Telephone: 412-454-6364 E-mail: library@hswp.org Web site: http://www.pghhistory.org

Fee charged to non-members: History Center admission ($6.00 for adults as of November 10, 2004; no charge for members). The library and Archives collections document 250 years of life in Western Pennsylvania. The collection’s strength is the nineteenth century. Holdings include more than 40,000 books, 600 periodicals, 500 maps and atlases, 500,000 photographs, 35,000 individual archival collections of personal and family papers, as well as organizational records and business and industry records.

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University of Pittsburgh – Archives Service Center 400 N. Lexington Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Telephone: 412-244-7090 E-mail: ascref@pitt.edu Web site: www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/archives

The collections of the Archives Service Center include the University Archives, Archives of Industrial Society, and other collections. Established in 1966, the University Archives documents the history of the University of Pittsburgh since its founding in 1787. Included in the UA collection is memorabilia and biographical files of faculty, outstanding alumni and others, as well as 14,000 photographs, paintings, blueprints, posters, and Pitt artifacts. The Archives of Industrial Society (AIS) is the general designation for the hundreds of historical collections related to the development of the urban industrial society, with an emphasis on Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania, preserved by Pitt. AIS consists of 626 collections and more than 132,000 photographs, over 1,300 architectural drawings and blueprints, and 6,681 volumes.

Organizations and Repositories

Cultural Landscape Foundation http://www.tclf.org/

DOCOMOMO International http://www.archi.fr/DOCOMOMO/pagelongpubl.html International Working Party for Documentation and Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighborhoods of the Modern Movement

Historic American Buildings Survey / Historic American Engineering Record (HABS/HAER) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/habs_haer/ International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) http://www.international.icomos.org/home.htm

National Historic Landmarks (National Park Service) http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/INDEX.htm

National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service) http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/

National Trust for Historic Preservation http://www.nationaltrust.org/

Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation http://www.phlf.org/

Society of Architectural Historians (SAH) http://www.sah.org/

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Vernacular Architecture Forum (VAF) http://www.vernaculararchitectureforum.org/

Writing Manuals

The writing aids listed below will assist you in learning how to write about a work of art. Each author addresses the issues of analyzing a work of art, defining and compiling a bibliography, and how to put an academic paper together.

Barnet, Sylvan. Short Guide to Writing about Art. 7th ed., 2003. Frick – Reference – N7476/B37/2003

This resource is frequently on course reserve in the Reading Room.

Sayre, Henry. Writing about Art. 4th ed. 2002. Frick – Reference - N7476/S29/1999 This resource is frequently on course reserve in the Reading Room.

Style Manuals

Style manuals provide assistance with citing different types of materials (books, journal articles, essays, etc.) when compiling a bibliography for a term paper. There is a link to several style manuals, including the Chicago Manual of Style and Art Bulletin Style Guide, mounted on the ULS Digital Library at http://www.library.pitt.edu/guides/citing/ .

• Choose the portion on “Citation Styles Online” and click on “Chicago Manual of Style.”

Questions: Remember to E-mail the Public Services Librarian in the Frick Fine Arts Library at frickart@pitt.edu and use “Ask-a-Librarian” feature on the ULS Digital Library http://www.library.pitt.edu/reference/

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*"The person who knows where knowledge is, as good as has it." -- Brunetiere No. 24 – Rev. 04/15/07