Study on Biomass potential: A comparative analysis of India and EU leading towards Bio-based economy

PIYUSH JOSHITERI, INDIA

International Conference on Advances in Energy Research

10th-12th December, 2013

Strengthening Networking on Biomass Research and Biowaste Conversion – Biotechnology for

Europe India Integration

“SAHYOG” at a Glance

SAHYOG is co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme (Project No. FP7-289615) and by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India

The project will help to identify opportunities for joint initiatives between the EU, its member states and India in the field of biomass production and biowaste conversion

A Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) and a R&D road map will be developed in order to facilitate concerted planning of future joint EU-India research initiatives

The project will identify actual biomass availability and promote new technologies that will drive Europe and India to an increased exploitation of biotechnology for biomass production and biowaste conversion

Fact Sheet “SAHYOG”

Objectives of SAHYOG

To bring together leading organisations in the field of biomass production and bio-waste conversion research carried out within EU research programmes and related programmes by Indian national institutions

Inventories of biomass and biowaste potentials and research projects are planned to be elaborated and analysed within SAHYOG

These inventories will be the basis for the joint Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) finally leading to a Roadmap for policymakers and researchers

SAHYOG will ensure wide-range networking of relevant industries and scientific communities and establish linkages between on-going research and innovation projects from EU and India

SAHYOG PARTNERS

1. Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable Economic

Development (ENEA), Italy

2. Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation (NL Agency), Holland

3. Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft - Und Raumfahrt Ev (DLR), Germany

4. Wageningen University & Research Centre Food & Biobased Research (WUR),

The Netherlands

5. Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Belgium

6. Wirtschaft Und Infrastruktur GMBH & Co Planungs KG (WIP), Germany

7. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece

8. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

9. Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR/IICT)

10.GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar

11. Tezpur University (TU), Assam

12. Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI), Pune

13. Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi

EU project partners

Indian Project partners

Achievements so far… Setup of project website

Draft of dissemination and exploitation plan

A full inventory of biomass and projects related to Biomass in India and EU has been compiled and report has been published in SAHYOG website

SAHYOG Stakeholder meeting and project meeting held at New Delhi, India (November 2012) and in Copenhagen, Denmark (June 2013)

Successful completion of 1st summer school of project in Athens, Greece (June 2013)

Identification and mapping of EU-Indian RnD projects and prioritization for project twinning, which was held at The Netherlands on 28th and 29th Oct, 2013

Launch of the short-term exchange programme for young researchers

Biomass availability in India

The current availability of biomass in India is estimated at about 500 millions metric tones per year

About 32% of the total primary energy use in the country is still derived from biomass

Biomass power generation in India is an industry that attracts investments of over Rs.600 crores every year

Estimated 5000 million units of electricity and yearly employment of more than 10 million man/days in the rural areas

Sugar industry has been traditionally practicing cogeneration by using bagasse as a fuel

India do not have surplus vegetable oil and biodiesel production should depend on imported oil !

The nation does not have land resources to support the cultivation of oil crops or any energy crops at levels which can meet the production demand !

India generates ~600 MMT of agricultural residues annually and this could be a potential feedstock for fuel production.

~51 % of the land surface in India is cultivated and the cultivated lands are mostly rain-fed !!!!

Sukumaran & Pandey 2010, India Country report, In: Eisentraut A (ed), Potential for sustainable production of 2nd generation biofuels, IEA 2010

Why bioethanol from agro-residues?

Biomass Resource Base

Energy Crops Forest Produce WasteAgro Residues Sugarcane & Sweet

Shorghum

Non edible oil seeds like Jatropha,

Karanja, Neem

Fuel wood,Pine Needles,

Bamboo

MSW, Market & Kitchen Waste, Livestock dung

Rice husk, Stalks, Wheat straw,

Groundnut shells

Several Biomass sources in India

National Programme on Energy Biosciences

Bioethanol

Algal Biofuel

Biodiesel

Energy Bioscience

Centre

Capacity Building

• Re-engineered feed stock

• Re-engineered microorganisms

• Process optimization • Collection and

characterization

• Establishment of repositories

• Development of production system

• Quality planting material

• Improved feed stock

• Process optimization • Biohydrogen

• Biobutanol

• Synthetic biology

• Energy Bioscience Chairs

• Energy Bioscience Overseas Fellowships

Next generation Biofuels

Source: Research and Development for Bio based economy : DBT. India (2012)

The Potential in India for Biofuels

Strengths

Alternate fuel source

Energy security of the country

Less GHG emissions, environment friendly

Higher Cetane number and better lubricating effect for biodiesel

Weaknesses

Wasteland requirements

Need for engine modifications in higher blends

Market still in nascent stage

Still in field trial stage in India

Opportunities

National Biodiesel policy

Keen interest of private players

R&D across the sector

Less dependency on depleting fossil fuels

Threats

The discovery of huge gas reserves in India may push biofuels on the back foot

Food vs. fuel debate

Cost effectiveness of Biofuels

Raw material

Comparatives analysis of Biomass in EU and India

Methodology followed for making common Biomass inventories

 Criteria adopted for data collection

Collection and compilation of information (last five years duration)

Visited Agricultural Universities, State Agricultural and Forest Departments, Central and State Research organizations and several Institutes of National importance

Collection of data from various sources (Reports, manuscripts , reviews, books, relevant online sources, Universities/ Institutes library and resource persons)

Preparation of Inventory sheets

Separate sheet for separate states and Pan India

The data collected is compiled and filled in the excel sheets

Includes all the possible data reported from relevant source

Most recent data was included in the sheets

All the crops grown in India was placed in the sheet and one master file was created

All data filled should have been converted into similar units so as to compare easily

EU sources for preparing inventories

In Europe the information was obtained through the

relevant ERA-NET networks on Bioenergy, Industrial

Biotechnology, Plant Genomics, EC Cordis database and

the relevant European projects like Star-Colibri, Bioref etc.

Pan India and state level inventorisation

We considered the several relevant sources of Govt. of

India which gives data on Biomass/crop production/yield,

but crops considered in each database in not uniform

Biomass Resource Atlas of India, (2004) .

Annual report of Indian States of Forest, (2011).

Statistical Year Book, Government of India,(2012).

Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of India,

(2012).

Reserve Bank of India, Data base, Ministry of Agriculture,

Government of India , (2012).

TIFAC Biomass resources Report (Technology Information,

Forecasting and Assessment Council), (2009).

The annual reports published in India by authenticated

Government sources, in most recent years (2010-2012).

Central Pollution Control Board report (CPCB,2012).

Report on Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India by

Ranjith Kharvel Annepu, Columbia University in the City of New

York, (2012).

Biomass sourceConversion

processGeographical

location Source/link Reference year Notes

Tons1

m3

Tons m3

Tons m3

MWh TJ KtoeA) Biomass from forestry

1) Direct supply of wood biomass from forests and other wooded land for energy, materials and chemicals production

2. Indirect supply of wood biomass for energy, materials and chemicals production

B) Biomass from agriculture and fishery

1. Agricultural crops and fishery products directly provided for energy, materials and chemical production

2. Agricultural by-products / processed residues and fishery by-products for energy, materials and chemicals production

C) Biomass from wastes1. Biowastes

2. Biodegradable fraction of industrial

waste (including paper, cardboard,

pallets)

3. Sewage sludge

4. Landfill gas

Total biomass/gross potential Used biomass Net biomass potential

2Energy content

3

Finalized common Biomass Inventory Sheet

TERI - Punjab, Municipal waste (India), Forest residue (India), Pan India

GBPUAT - Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh

JNU - Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh

ARTI - Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh ,Goa

TU - North East

IICT - Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala

Work distribution of among India partners

Biomass land in Europe and India

Europe: 420 M ha India: 330 M ha

25% crops 44% crops

13% grass 15% grass

42% forest 21% forest 

20% others 20% others 

Wood stock growing in India

S.No.

Growing Stock (Million. cu.m)

2003 2005 2009

1. Trees Outside Forest 1,632 1,616 1599.57

2. Inside Forest 4,782 4,602 4498.66

3. Total 6,414 6,218 6098.23

Source: State of Forest Report (2012), Forest Survey of India

Total growing stock of wood follows a decreasing trend (Table ) in

forest and trees outside forests (TOF). Moreover, average growing

stock per hectare of forest area has declined to 58.46 cubic meters

(cu. m) in 2009 from 61.72 cu. m in 2003. Thus there are legal

implications for usage of forest biomass as a substrate for its

conversion to bioenergy by Ministry of Environment and Forests,

India

The type of conversion processed used for conversion of the

biomass to energy as identified in India were mainly Pyrolysis (57%),

Gasification (29%) and Combustion / Anaerobic digestion (14%)

Fig: The utilization of biomass for bioenergy production in EU-27

Bio-energy Installed Capacity in India

  Grid ConnectedCapacities in MW

(Cumulative achievement up to 31.07.2013)

1. Biomass Power 1264.80

2. Baggas Cogeneration 2337.43

3.Waste to Power

(Urban & Industrial)96.08

Off Grid / Captive Power 

MWEQ 

4. Waste to Energy (Urban & Industrial) 115.57

5. Biomass(non-bagas) Cogeneration 486.84

6. Biomass Gasifiers (Rural & Industrial) 158.77

7. Family Biogas Plants (in Lakhs) 46.55

  Total 4506.04

Source: Ministry of Non-conventional & Renewable Energy (MNRE)

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE … Indian Scenario

• Energy content in waste is not being used • No creation of new jobs

Source : CPCB report, 2012

For agricultural data, the total amount of residues (actual biomass) were calculated using CRR ratio but the data for used and surplus residues (net biomass) were not available

TOF (Tree outside forest) data is present in scattered form and no information on there consumption is present with ministry or on net

Short rotational forestry and energy plantation were reported from some regions but there is no such Pan India data base

Limitations faced during Biomass inventorisation

Data for industrial waste generated is not available since

there is no reported data indicating the actual amount of

industrial wastes from whole country

Since the amount of MSW generated in whole country

was not available, thus extrapolations were done on the

population basis, in order to calculate the actual amount

of waste generated and the power generation potential

that can be derived from it

The major challenge in India is related to centralized documentation of authenticated databases and updating of relevant information of Biomass availability and projects funded for biomass research, as it is available in Europe. Therefore under the present study we have tried to compiled all the latest available data into one web page, for easy access in the future research.

For more details kindly visit project web site : http://www.sahyog-europa-india.eu/

Conclusion

A bright future for bio-based economy in EU and India

THANK YOU