1861-1865
“Girding for War:The North and the South”
A. The Menace of Secession
March 4, 1861 – Lincoln’s Inauguration
Goal #1 – bring nation back together
B. South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861 - Civil War begins Firing on Ft. Sumter
Lincoln ordered supplies to fort
South opens fire – North surrenders
Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers and naval blockade
4 more states secede Confederate capital moved
to Richmond, VA
C. Brother’s Blood and Border Blood
Border states critical Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland Slave states that hadn’t
seceded Lincoln took questionable
steps martial law in Maryland declared fight not to end
slavery 5 “civilized tribes” join South “Brother v. Brother” fight
Tennessee – “volunteers” West Virginia – created during
war
D. The Balance of Forces
South’s advantages: Only had to defend Geography – “home field
advantage” Leadership – Lee, Jackson
North’s advantages: Population Industry Railroads Navy Money
South’s shortages caused the loss of the war
E. Dethroning King Cotton
South – get aid from England
Many Europeans support North end slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Southern King Cotton defeated by Northern “King Wheat and King Corn”
F. The Decisiveness of Diplomacy
Half-way support of England
Trent Affair southerners arrested from
English ship – England furious
C.S.S. Alabama English-made - captured
60+ vessels
G. Foreign Flare-ups
British “Laird Rams” Canadians burn American
cities Mexico
Austrian Archduke Maximilian named emperor
against Monroe Doctrine
H. President Davis v. President Lincoln
Southern government was a confederacy only loosely united States do their own thing
Pres. Davis not popular Pres. Lincoln head of
established government
I. Limitations on Wartime Liberties
Lincoln’s unconstitutional actions: increased army size suspended “habeas corpus” “monitored” border state
elections martial law in Maryland
J. Volunteers and Draftees: North and South
Military draft in North and South North = $300 exemption South = 20+ slaves
exemption Draft riots
NY – 1863 Union army – 90%
volunteer “A rich man’s war but a
poor man’s fight”
K. The Economic Stresses of War Morrill Tariff Act
raised tariff to 10% “greenbacks” printed
Led to inflation – 80% War bonds – largest revenue National Banking System
created – first since BUS standard money system regulated money in circulation roots of Federal Reserve
System today Southern economy struggling
Union blockade Inflation out of control –
9000%
L. The North’s Economic Boom
War = boom for business New machinery
Standard clothes sizes Mechanical reapers Oil in Pennsylvania
New roles for women Filled jobs Some even enlisted as men First female Doctor
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell Clara Barton – Red Cross
M. A Crushed Cotton Kingdom
South beaten down by war Southerners showed
character and put up strong fight