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Oxford Brookes University
U08096 Project
Note 5
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Supervisor
Vincent Ching
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Note 5
Plagiarism & Referencing
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Learning Outcomes
Correctly reference and cite material.
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Plagiarism
Plagiarism is taking another person’s words (written or spoken), ideas, theories, facts (that are not considered general knowledge), statistics, art work, etc. and passing them off as your own. Simply changing the language of the information you are using also constitutes plagiarism if you do not acknowledge your source.
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Plagiarism Principles
When borrowing another person’s word, use quotation marks and include a complete reference.
Do not paraphrase another writer’s words and pass them off as your own.
When borrowing another person’s ideas (or Internet sources), acknowledge their origins.
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Citations and References It is very important to cite your sources
correctly. The University recommends you use the Harvard System - it is simple and comprehensive. You should note that citations and references imply that you have used another author’s material in your work.
Reference - a general pointer to work similar to your own.
Citation - a direct reference to another author’s work, used to support arguments or contentions in your own work.
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Citations and References
Whether a particular entry in a text is a simple reference or a citation cannot be deduced by the form of reference, and the distinction is only made so that one understands the difference between general references and those that support directly arguments or ideas in your work. The basic form is:
Authors, (Year of Publication), Name of Article or book, Edition, Place: Publisher.
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Citations and References
The following form is used to make reference to work where there are many authors.
First use in a text … processing structure and gender (Green, 1987, Brown and Blue, 1999)
For subsequent use we write … given that processing structure is contextually defined (Green et al).
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Citations and References
If you want to be more precise you can add the relevant page number after the date:
processing structure and gender (Green, 1987:234, Brown and Blue, 1999:23)
The following form is used to make reference to work where there is a single author.
... figures be the instruments of ornament in every language (Puttenham 1589)
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Citations and References If you need to make a specific citation to particular
elements or terms in another's work and where the author’s name is effectively part of the sentence use the form:
… play a role in the learning model advocated by Garlick (1989)
... Lightfoot (1991) suggests that such mission statements are strong linguistic constructs …
… Garlick and Lightfoot (1994) suggest that: “Mission statement are strong linguistic constructs that can
only be understood within a given context where a collective meaning has emerged.”
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Inclusions
This term implies that you have included in your document complete facsimiles of another document or more usually part of another document. Such inclusions will still require full referencing and care must be taken so that copyright law is not infringed. It is hard to give exact rules but typical elements are copies of a glossary, standard lists, diagrams and so on. In most cases such inclusions will be in appendices.
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Plagiarism Declaration
“I confirm that the enclosed assignment including any associated software is entirely my own work except where explicitly stated otherwise. I further declare that when such other work is used it only supports my own work and its inclusion is in accordance with normal scholarly conventions.”
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Harvard System Reference
The essential guide is found athttp://www.cie.uce.ac.uk/essential/harvard/index.html
http://www.tvu.ac.uk/lrs/guides/harvard.html
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Plagiarism Detection Tools
Advanced Google Searchwww.mydropbox.com
http://www.mydropbox.com
Lecturers use it for identifying any unduly derivative works.
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Harvard System Reference
References The author’s family name and the year of
publication are placed (in parentheses) at the end of the sentence or paragraph in which reference to the publication has been made.
Citation - This system must be used with a reference list to enable the reader to locate the reference later.
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Harvard System Reference
This is ONLY an example The integration of stand-alone and the existing company’s systems become
very difficult and most of them require the rewrite of the whole application to suit the new environment. [HAM2002]. The vendor tries to convince the customer to upgrade all their PCs to Office 2000. At end of day, customer takes their advice, and event they spent lots of money to buy Office 2000 from Microsoft.[KUL2001].
Cartwright (1988, p.6) suggests “this is the key to business success”. From above story, you should well understand why the server/client structure can minimize the software conflicting problem, and don’t forget another importance fact, you should have and you can have full control of your client software when you are using server/client structure.[DAV1990]
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Harvard System Reference
(i) World Wide Web Page with Author
[HAM2002]Hammond, W.F. 1999, Re: URL in Bibliography Item, [Online], Available:
http://nyjm.albany.edu:8800/hm/emj/1999/msg00108.html Accessed 30 September, 2000.
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Harvard System Reference
(ii) Direct Quote
Cartwright (1988, p.6) suggests “this is the key to business success”.
We use the Latin term “sic” to identify errors in direct quotes.
Example:
“I won’t rationalize [sic] this to any man on this earth, as only man [sic] can rule the world!” (Smith 1852, p.112).
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Harvard System Reference
(iii) Journal article with author
Example
[KLU2001]Kluvers, R. 2001, ‘Program Budgeting and Accountability in Local Government’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 60, no. 2, June, pp. 35-43.
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Harvard System Reference
(iv) Newspaper articles should be included in the reference list using the
author’s surname first.
Example:[DAV1990] Davidson, K. 1990, ‘Figures show
that the worst may be over.’ The Age, 30 Nov., p.16.
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Harvard System Reference
(v) Publications
Example:
Australian Bureau of Statistics 1985a, Domestic Travel and Tourism Survey, Australia, 1973, Cat. No. 9216.0, ABS, Canberra.
Ansett Transport Industries Ltd. 2000, Annual Report 1999 – 2000, ATI, Melbourne.
