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© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide]

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© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Research & Development

WH

O?

WHY?

HO

W?

WHAT ?

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WHAT IS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT?

Inventions and innovations are the results of specific, goal-oriented research.

Because the development of technologies these days is driven by the profit motive and the market, many companies have a Research and Development (R&D) department, whose responsibility is to work with innovations. Companies located in the United States that have research and development activities—both U.S.-owned businesses and U.S. affiliates of foreign parents—reported worldwide sales of $11 trillion in calendar year 2008 and worldwide R&D expenses of $330 billion

Companies located in the United States that have research and development activities—both U.S.-owned businesses and U.S. affiliates of foreign parents—reported worldwide sales of $11 trillion in calendar year 2008 and worldwide R&D expenses of $330 billion.

11,000,000,000,000

330,000,000,000

2008 Sales vs. R&D Costs

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

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WHO DOES RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT?

Each entity has its own process

Private Companies

Public Companies

Government

Universities

R& D Teams

Engineers

Product Designers

Researchers

Scientists

Creative and technical knowledge

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

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WHY DO COMPANIES DO RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT?

Companies use R&D to increase profit margins.

Completely new product

Improve on a current or previous product

IMPROVED!

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

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HOW DO COMPANIES DO RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT?

Each entity has its own process

Technology/Product need is identified

market research

research on manufacturing

brainstorm

Prototype testing and development

Optimization

Product documentation developed

Manufacturing and Marketing considerations

Full-scale production

Release product

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

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QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE

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INVENTION OF THE CAR

Car Accidents Began

Unanticipated Effect

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TECHNOLOGY TRADE OFFS

Automobiles- Get us many places that we never could get before, but the emissions are polluting the air we breathe.

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TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

Modifying a product as knowledge and skills increase to adapt it to the next generation.

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Patent is a limited duration property right relating to an invention, granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office in exchange for public disclosure of the invention.

Trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs.

Copyright protects works of authorship, such as writings, music, and works of art.

References

Text Needed

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide]