doehs vector surveillance 2006 sand fly and mosquito surveillance in centcom richard d. wells...
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DOEHS Vector Surveillance 2006DOEHS Vector Surveillance 2006 Sand Fly and Mosquito Surveillance in CENTCOMSand Fly and Mosquito Surveillance in CENTCOM
Richard D. Wells
ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCES PROGRAM
US ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
• Iraq• Leishmaniasis
• Operational Risk Estimate – Low• Sand fly fever
• Operational Risk Estimate – Low
• Afghanistan• Malaria
• Operational Risk Estimate – Moderate• Leishmaniasis
• Operational Risk Estimate – Low
Vector Borne Disease Threats
Cutaneous• Leishmania major• L. tropica
Leishmaniasis
Sand Flies Phlebotomus papatasi L. major P. sergenti L. tropica P. alexandri L. donovani/infantum
Visceral• L. donovani• L. infantum
IRAQ
Elevated Cutaneous Risk
Elevated Viseral Risk
Leishmaniasis DistributionCutaneous and Viseral Risk Areas
ForestScrub/ShrubGrasslandBarrenUrbanAgricultureAgriculture RiceWetland HerbaceousWetland MangroveWater Ice/Snow
Land Cover Type
Baghdad
Mosul
Tikrit
Kirkuk
Al Basrah
An Nasiriyah
MSMR, Vol. 13 No. 1, January 2007
DOEHS Vector SurveillanceKey Players
PM Units
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
USACHPPM• USACHPPM North • Deployment Environmental Surveillance Program• Entomological Sciences Program
Sand Fly and Mosquito Surveillance Supplies and Equipment
2005 • 35 Kits sent to Iraq and Afghanistan• 4 Sets of Light Traps to Iraq
2006• 64 Kits sent to Iraq, Afghanistan and Kuwait• 14 Equipment Sets to Iraq
Year CountryTotal # of Sand flies Collected
No of Pools of
Sand flies tested
No of Sand flies
Tested
No of Positive
Pools
% of Sand flies
Infected
Ph
leb
oto
mu
s
Se
rge
nto
my
ia
To
tal I
D'd
2003 Iraq 77,766 2,874 31,662 422 1.33 3,791 2,395 6,1862004 Iraq 46,493 2,311 18,368 260 1.42 2,109 1,301 3,4112005 Iraq 25,575 1,273 7,120 24 0.33 1,953 1,216 3,169
Summary of Results 2003 - 2005
Summary of Results 2006
2006 Iraq 9,531 1,272 6,778 1 0.08 6,778 2,753 9,531
LeishmaniasisRisk Estimate
2003-2005
IRAQ
ForestScrub/ShrubGrasslandBarrenUrbanAgricultureAgriculture RiceWetland HerbaceousWetland MangroveWater Ice/Snow
Land Cover Type
Sand Fly Surveillance 2006 Locations
IRAQ
ForestScrub/ShrubGrasslandBarrenUrbanAgricultureAgriculture RiceWetland HerbaceousWetland MangroveWater Ice/Snow
Land Cover Type
Daily Sand Fly Collections
per Trap per Night
BIAP GroupPhlebotomus spp. 2006
0
1
10
100
1000
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Num
ber
Per
Tra
p P
er N
ight
Balad GroupPhlebotomus spp. 2006
0
1
10
100
1000
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Num
ber
Per
Tra
p P
er N
ight
DiwaniyahPhlebotomus spp. 2006
0
1
10
100
1000
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Num
ber
Per
Tra
p P
er N
ight
Average Number of Sand Fliesper Trap per Night
2003 - 2004 2006
IRAQMalaria Distribution
BaghdadBaghdad
MosulMosul
TikritTikrit
KirkukKirkuk
Iraq Mosquito Surveillance 2006
Location Aedes Anopheles Culex Culiseta Uranotaenia Total
Al Asad 81 5 947 13 1046
Balad 199 2 87 288
BIAP 1877 20 2438 196 10 4541
Diwaniyah 479 19 301 799
Kirkuk 243 243
Mosul 106 106
Sulaymaniyah 12 12
Taji 88 1047 3 1138
Grand Total 2724 46 5181 212 10 8173
Daily Mosquito Collections per Trap per Night
Taji Mosquitoes 2006
0
1
10
100
1000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Dec
-06
Num
ber
Per
Tra
p P
er N
ight
DiwaniyahMosquitoes 2006
0
1
10
100
1000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Dec
-06
Num
ber
Per
Tra
p P
er N
ight
BIAP GroupMosquitoes 2006
0
1
10
100
1000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Dec
-06
Num
ber
Per
Tra
p P
er N
ight
Al AsadMosquitoes 2006
0
1
10
100
1000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Dec
-06
Num
ber
Per
Tra
p P
er N
ight
Daily Culex spp. and Aedes spp. Collections by Trap by Night
Taji Mosquitoes
0
1
10
100
1000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06Num
ber p
er T
rap
per N
ight
Aedes Culex
Diwaniyah Mosquitoes
0
1
10
100
1000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Num
ber p
er T
raps
per
Nig
ht
Aedes Culex
BIAP Mosquitoes
0
1
10
100
1000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06Num
ber p
er T
rap
per N
ight
Aedes Culex
Al Asad Mosquitoes
0
1
10
100
1000
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep
-06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06Num
ber p
er T
rap
per N
ight
Aedes Culex
Mosquito Test Results2006
Genus PathogenNo.
TestedNo.
PoolsNo.
Positive
Anopheles spp. Malaria 46 41 0
Culex spp. West Nile Virus 5181 1070 0
Malaria
MSMR, Vol. 13 No. 1, January 2007
USACHPPM SubComands PCR testing capabilityEurope takes over CENTCOM specimens
USACHPPM SupportSurveillance KitsEquipment Sets
GIS Threat Mapping
Mosquito and Sand Fly DOEHS Vector Surveillance
2007
Questions?Questions?
Richard D. Wells
ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCES PROGRAM
US ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE