docsis 3.0 overview

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

DOCSIS 3.0 Overview

SCTE Presentation

John J. Downey

Cisco Systems – BNE


Agenda

Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0?

DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview

DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons

Bandwidth Management

Migration Strategy

DOCSIS 3.0 Status

Potential Issues

Summary

Case Studies/ Architecture Ideas


Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0?


Growing Services Consuming HFC Spectrum

More HD Video Services– Growth plans to 100+ HD channels

More SD Video Content– Expansion to nx100 SD chs to compete w/ satellite

Personalized Video Services– Migration from Broadcast to Unicast services– VoD, Startover, MyPrimetime, etc

Broadband Internet Services Growth– Migration from Web to Web2.0, Video Streaming and

P2PTV Applications– Increased per home BW consumption– Expansion of the peak hour to whole evening

Competitive pressure!


Spectral Solutions Being Investigated & Deployed

Use every channel available

SDV

Narrowcast QAM injection

Node splits

Analog reclamation

1 GHz upgrade

Traffic “grooming”

MPEG-4


Goal:– Increase Scalability– Reduce Cost

Components:– Low Cost E-QAM– CMTS Core Processing

M-CMTS

Overall Industry Objectives

DOCSIS 3.0

Goal:– More aggregate speed– More per-CM speed– Enable New Services

Components:– Channel Bonding– IPv6– Multicast– AES

• Better stat muxing with bigger “pipe”• Offer >37 Mbps for single CM


DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview


• MAC Layer– Downstream Channel Bonding – Upstream Channel Bonding

• Network Layer– IPv6 support– IP Multicast (IGMPv3/MLDv2,

SSM, QoS)

• Security– Certificate Revocation

Management– Runtime SW / Config validation– Enhanced Traffic Encryption

(AES)– Certificate Convergence – Early Authentication &

Encryption– TFTP Proxy

• Network Management– Diagnostic Log (Flaplist)– Extension of Internet Protocol

Data Records (IPDR) usage– Capacity management – Enhanced signal quality

monitoring

• Physical Layer– Switch-able 5-42 MHz, 5-65 MHz,

or 5-85 MHz US band– S-CDMA active code selection

with new Logical channel

• Commercial Services– T1/E1 Circuit Emulation support

DOCSIS 3.0 Features


Channel Bonding In a nutshell, channel bonding means data is

transmitted to or from CMs using multiple individual RF channels instead of just one channel

Channels aren't physically bonded into a gigantic digitally modulated signal; bonding is logical

With DOCSIS 1.x & 2.0, data is transmitted to modems using one channel

With DOCSIS 3.0, data is transmitted to modems using multiple channels


DOCSIS 3.0 Registration DiagramWCM acquires QAM/FEC lock of DOCSIS DS channelSYNC, UCD, MAP messages

WCM performs usual US channel selection, but does not start initial rangingMDD message

WCM performs bonded service group selection, and indicates via initial rangingB-INIT-RNG-REQ message

Usual DOCSIS initial ranging sequence

DHCP DISCOVER packet

REG-REQ message

DHCP RESPONSE packet

DHCP REQUEST packet

DHCP OFFER packet

WCM transitions to ranging station maintenance as usual

REG-ACK message

REG-RSP message

Usual BPI init. If configured

TOD Request/Response messages

TFTP Request/Response messagesWCM provides Rx-Chan(s)-Prof

WCM receives Rx-Chan(s)-Config

WCM confirms all Rx Channels


DOCSIS 3.0 - DS Channel Bonding


Downstream Bonding - Features

Packet bonding of a minimum of 4 channels– Delivers in excess of 150 Mbps

Non-disruptive technology– Seamless migration from DOCSIS 1.x/2.0

– M-CMTS and high density I-CMTS cards

– EQAMs

New hardware required for scalability and cost reduction

New CM silicon required


Downstream Bonding Service Drivers Competition against FTTH

– Deliver 100 Mbps

High BW residential data

IP Video over DOCSIS(VDOC)– High definition Video to multiple devices

• PCs, hybrid STBs, portable devices– High BW Internet streaming

Video conferencing– TelePresence

Commercial service– High BW data services– Bonded T1– High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service


Reasons to Develop DRFI Beyond D2.0 RFI

Required to specify a multi-channel environment– DOCSIS 2.0 and lower was only single carrier

Cleaned up inaccuracies in 2.0 and lower

Basic idea was no need for external combiner, laser loading concerns and cost reduction?

Criteria was 60 dB CNR assuming a worse case lineup

Applies only to 3.0 CMTS or any multi-carrier DS connector (e-qam)


dBmV

N=1 : 60

Single Carrier DRFI

1

Center FrequencyMUST 91 <-> 867 MHzMAY 57 <-> 999 MHz

Channel BW6 MHz & 8 MHz

• Annex A & B• Variable Depth Interleaver• HRC, IRC, STD• 64 & 256 QAM• Inband Spurious, Distortion and Noise MER Unequalized MER >35dB, Equalized MER >43dB

• Inband Spurious and Noise ≤-48dBc Spurious and noise within ±50 kHz of the carrier is excluded.

• Phase Noise (single carrier) 1 kHz - 10 kHz: -33dBc double sided noise power 10 kHz - 50 kHz: -51dBc double sided noise power 50 kHz - 3 MHz: -51dBc double sided noise power

• Output Return Loss >14 dB within an active output channel from 88 MHz to 750 MHz >13 dB within an active output channel from 750 MHz to 870 MHz >12 dB in every inactive channel from 54 MHz to 870 MHz >10 dB in every inactive channel from 870 MHz to 1002 MHz

• Power per channel +/- 2dB• Diagnostic Carrier Suppression ≥50dB

• MUST be F Connector.• DRFI compliance testing conducted at room temp


N=n : 60-ceil[3.6*log2(n)] dBmV

dBmV

N=1 : 60N=2 : 56N=3 : 54N=4 : 52

Power Output for Multiple Carriers per RF Spigot

1 21 21 3 21 3 4

N dBmV

1 60

2 56

3 54

4 52

8 49

16 45

32 42


DOCSIS 3.0 - US Channel Bonding


Upstream Bonding - Features

Packet Striping of a minimum of 4 channels– Delivers in excess of 50 Mbps

AES and scalability require hardware upgrade

New CM silicon required

Phased and seamless technology migration


Upstream Bonding Service Drivers

Competition against FTTH– Deliver 20+ Mbps

High BW residential data

User generated content– Video and photo uploads– Proliferation of social sites

Video conferencing– TelePresence

Commercial service– High BW symmetrical data services– Bonded T1– High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service


D2.0 is Still not Used

27.2 Mbps total aggregate speed

Achieved 18 Mbps for single CM on US– Fragmentation and concatenation with a huge max burst

Linerate possible of ~ 27 Mbps

Make sure 1.0 CMs, which can’t fragment, have a max burst < 2000 B


DOCSIS 1.1 Phy Change (PRE-EQ)

US EQ is supported on all cards for 1.0 & 1.1– 8-tap blind equalizer

1.1 allows 'pre-eq' where EQ coefficients are sent during IM & SM allowing CM to pre-distort its signal

Supported on all linecards & IOS that support 1.1– Requires 1.1 capable CMs, but not .cm file– Configurable option

2.0 increases the EQ tap length from 8 to 24– Supported on U/H cards in ATDMA & mixed mode

– Off by default


Upstream Adaptive Equalization Example

Upstream 6.4 MHz bandwidth 64-QAM signal

After adaptive equalization:DOCSIS 2.0’s 24-tap adaptive equalization—actually pre-equalization in the modem—was able to compensate for nearly all of the in-channel tilt (with no change in digital channel power). The result: No correctable or uncorrectable FEC errors and the CMTS’s reported upstream MER (SNR) increased to ~36 dB.

Before adaptive equalization:Substantial in-channel tilt caused correctable FEC errors to increment at a rate of about 7000 errored codewords per second (232 bytes per codeword). The CMTS’s reported

upstream MER (SNR) was 23 dB.


DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons


DOCSIS 3.0 Migration: M-CMTS

HFC

Edge QAMs

Current CMTS

DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS

1.x/2.0 CMs

DOCSIS 2.0 US


M-CMTS Network Topology

L1/L2/L3 CIN

CMTS

Legacy DS

Bonding Port

EQAM

CM 1Legacy CM

CM 3Legacy CM

CM 43-Ch Bonding

DS 4DS 3DS 2

DS 1

US 1

DTI Server

CM 23-Ch CM

doing 2-Ch Bonding

DTI Clock Card


M-CMTS

M-CMTS

M-CMTS Core

EQAM

UpstreamReceiver

DOCSIS Timing Server

Wide Area Network

Network Side

Interface (NSI)

Operations Support Systems Interface (OSSI)

Cable Modem to CPE

Interface (CMCI)

Downstream External-Phy

Interface (DEPI)

DOCSIS Timing

Interface (DTI)

Edge Resource Management

Interfaces (ERMI)

Downstream RF Interface

(DRFI)

Cable Modem

(CM)

Operations Support System

Edge Resource Manager

Customer Premises

Equipment (CPE)

Radio Frequency Interface

(RFI)

Hybrid Fiber-Coax Network (HFC)

• Key DOCSIS 3.0 enabling technology• DS scalability of DOCSIS 1.x/2.0• Easy migration to DOCSIS 3.0 DS channel bonding• Enables service convergence and QAM sharing (Video and Data)

• Creates efficiency in CAPEX/service


DOCSIS 3.0: M-CMTS

HFC

Edge QAMs

CMTS Core

Supports DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs

DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US


DOCSIS 3.0: I-CMTS

HFC

I-CMTS

Supports DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs

DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US

DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded DS

High Density Linecards


Spectrum Example

TDMA @10 Mbps

usf1

FN3 FN4 FN5

Frequency

MC520

MCMTSEQAM

us0

us1

ds0 (P)

e0a (P)

us2

us3 ATDMA @ 25 Mbps

4 X 4 MAC

Domain

usf0

dsf0

dsf1

dsf2

dsf3

e1a (P)

ds1 (P) ds2 (P)

e2a (P)

ds3 (P)

e3a (P)

ds4 (P)

e4a (P)

us10

us9

us8us6

us7

us4

us5 us15

us14

us13

us12

us11 us19

us18

us17

us16

FN2FN1 FN7FN6 FN9 FN10FN8

Bonded Channels

e0c (P)

e0b (P) e1b (P)

e1c (P)

e2b (P)

e2c (P)

e3b (P)

e3c (P)

e4b (P)

e4c (P)

4 X 4 MAC

Domain

4 X 4 MAC

Domain

4 X 4 MAC

Domain

4 X 4 MAC

Domain


Bandwidth Management


Bandwidth Management Solutions

SDV– Offer more HD and SD content using less total RF

spectrum with the same STB– Only transmit the content being actively watched– Could make more QAMs available for DOCSIS and

VOD if QAM sharing is implemented Node splits

– Physically reduce the homes passed per HFC node, thus reduce contention per home for Unicast services

– Decombine more attractive– Triggers additional QAMs and CMTS Ports


Bandwidth Management Solutions (cont)

Traffic “Grooming”

MPEG-4

Broadcast to narrowcast QAM injection– Reduce broadcast domains to smaller DOCSIS & video service groups

– Ultimately a complete Unicast lineup on a per node basis

Analog reclamation for more digital spectrum– More QAM channels for Digital Broadcast, VoD, SDV and DOCSIS

Use every channel available– Manage the channel lineup, fill in the gaps, mitigate noise to enable all

spectrum

1GHz upgrade– Make new spectrum for new CPE above 860 MHz


1 GHz Upgrade• Network Impact

• <= 750 MHz of BW may not be enough

• Node splitting & SDV alone do not solve HFC BW problem

• 1 GHz BW upgrade required

• 1GHz Network Benefits• Value added capacity

• 60 analog 6 MHz chs gained• Minimal cost per home

passed cost to implement• Electronic-only drop-ins in

most cases

1 GHz is a cost-effective tool to increase broadcast and

narrowcast BW

1GHz Bandwidth Enhancement & Segmentation


Migration Strategy


DOCSIS 3.0 Migration Steps - Phased Approach for Improved Time-to-Market

Downstream Bonding

IPV6

Upstream Bonding

Multicast QoS

AES

IPDR


Initial Migration Goal

Deliver very high speed data service– Deliver 100+ Mbps DS– Deliver 50+ Mbps US

Reduction of node split cost– Multiple DSs per node

• M-CMTS or I-CMTS load balancing– Multiple USs per node

• Leverage existing ports and deploy 2.0 USs

BW flexibility & reduction of CMTS port cost– Break DS/US dependence i.e. independent scalability of US and DS– Reduce cost of DS ports by more than 1/10 – Reduce CMTS port/subscriber cost by 30-50%


Migration Strategy

Target CMTS upgrades in high priority markets– FiOS & U-Verse competitive markets

– High growth & demographics

– Markets with capacity issues

– Your node

Add more DS QAMs per service group and load balancing– Via I-CMTS and M-CMTS

– Current 1x4 mac domain leaves US stranded

– Increase capacity to existing 1.x/2.0 modem


Migration Strategy (cont)

Deliver targeted bonded DS chs to DOCSIS 3.0 CMs

Video and data convergence– Video and DOCSIS service group alignment

– DSG & Tru2way will leverage DOCSIS DS BW

Share & leverage existing assets– UEQAMs for VoD, SDV and DOCSIS

– UERM to enable QAM sharing


DOCSIS 3.0 Status


DOCSIS 3.0 Status

CMTS can be submitted for Bronze, Silver, or Full

Cablelabs– Qualified 3 CMTS vendors for Bronze for CW56– CW 58 currently underway and will conclude with results

in early May 2008

CMs are only allowed to go for "Full 3.0 Certification" – No 3.0 CMs have been certified by CableLabs

Only silicon that exists to build a FULL capable 3.0 CPE is the Texas Instruments PUMA5 chip– PUMA5 is chip used in most vendor CMs going through CableLabs

CW-58 testing


DOCSIS 3.0 Status

Broadcom is working on a competing chip for 3.0 CPE but it is not available yet

DPC3000 in CW-58 certification for Full 3.0– Plan is to ship in volume by June 2008

Operators– Working on models to determine QAM requirements– Testing pre and DOCSIS 3.0 compliant DS Bonding– Testing IPV6 in labs – Developing management tools and provisioning


Three Reference Designs

Broadcom's 3381 3-ch/tuner– SA DPC2505....,

– DPC2100 locks only 6 MHz channels

– EPC2100 locks 8 MHz or 6 MHz channels

TI Puma3 based– Linksys WCM300 with 2 tuners, 6 & 50 MHz passband

TI Puma5 3.0 based– SA DPC3000 w/ 4-ch US & DS bonding, 60 MHz

passband for annex B and 64 MHz for annex A


Potential Issues


Design Rules and Restrictions

SA 3 ch CM needs all 3 DS on e-qam for 111 Mbps

– Can do annex B on control channel & 2 annex A chs to get ~95 Mbps, but requires 6+8+8 MHz of BW

SA 4 ch CM has 96 MHz passband filter

Linksys CM has 2 tuners, 1 for control & 1 w/ 50 MHz band

– Starts at lowest freq configured

D3.0 spec goes to 1050 MHz, but some equipment may not

– SA DPC2505 speced to 930 MHz

Can e-qam put out 2 or 4 “haystacks” per port?

– What if it is annex A at 8 MHz ch width?


DS Ports with Edge-QAM for DS Bonding

DS Combiner

DS Splitter

Requires:

• 4 DS freqs

• 3 US freqs in each node

DS 4 = 609 MHzDSs 0-3 = 603 MHz

Edge1 = 615 MHzEdge2 = 621 MHz

DS Tx

DS0

U0/C0U1/C2

U2/C16

1x3

DS1

U0/C4U1/C6

U2/C17

1x3

DS4

U0/C0

U1/C2

U2/C4

U3/C6

U4/C8

U5/C10

U6/C12

U7/C14

1x8

MC5x20

DS2

U0/C8U1/C10U2/C18

1x3

DS3

U0/C12U1/C14U2/C19

1x3

Edge-QAM

Potential Isolation Path

How to deal with freq stacked DSs if not using them all?


Harmonic “dsync” Timing Adjustment - Background

To support advanced DCC initialization techniques (2 and >), difference between CM timing offset on old ch and new ch need to be < ~ +/- 6 timing offset units

Harmonic EQAM introduces SYNC timestamp delay which needs to be manually adjusted on per QAM basis using “dsync” command


Summary


New Technology Cornerstones DOCSIS 3.0 - channel bonding for higher capacity

–Enable faster HSD service–MxN mac domains now–Enable video over IP solutions

M-CMTS–Lower cost downstream PHY–De-couple DS and US ports

I-CMTS–Allows higher capacity in same box–Same wiring


DOCSIS 3.0/M-CMTS Concluding Remarks

Promises ten times BW at fraction of cost

Introduce new HSD service of 50 to 75 Mbps

Widespread deployment of DS Bonding in 2008

Backward compatible with existing DOCSIS standards

Allows migration of existing customers to higher tier and DOCSIS 3.0 capability

Allows more BW for legacy DOCSIS 2.0 CM

Allows for a phased deployment

IPV6, US bonding, and other features will follow


Case Studies/ Architecture Ideas


Case Study 1Downstream Frequencies

DF1

Upstream Frequencies

UF1 UF2 UF3 UF4DF2 DF3 DF4 DF5

D5

D5

D5

D5

Fiber Node aFNa

U1

U2

U3

U4

Fiber Node bFNb

Fiber Node cFNc

Fiber Node dFNd

U1

U2

U3

U4

U1

U2

U3

U4

U1

U2

U3

U4

D4

Fiber Node eFNd

U1

U2

U3

U4

D3

D2

D1

D4

D3

D2

D1

Load Balancing GroupDOCSIS 3.0 Non Primary

DOCSIS 2.0

DOCSIS 3.0 Primary



DF1



D5

D5

D5

Fiber Node aFNa

U1

U2

U3

U4

Fiber Node bFNb

Fiber Node cFNc

Fiber Node dFNd

U1

U2

U3

U4

U1

U2

U3

U4

U1

U2

U3

U4

Fiber Node eFNd

U1

U2

U3

U4

D3

D2

D1

D4

D3

D2

D1

Load Balancing Group

D4



DF1



D5

D5

D5

Fiber Node aFNa

Fiber Node bFNb

Fiber Node cFNc

Fiber Node dFNd

Fiber Node eFNd

D3

D2

D1

D4

D3

D2

D1

Load Balancing GroupFor DOCSIS 2.0 .

D4

Bonding Group For DOCSIS 3.0

C0 C1 C4 C5

C2 C3 C6 C7

C8 C9 C10 C11

C12 C13 C16 C17

C14 C15 C18 C19

DS1DS0

DS2

DS3DS4

Only used for bonding on Node C

Blocks of 3 QAM

4th QAM optional

If 4th qam enabled, can serve 6, 5x20 linecards (30 nodes)

Requires 8*6 = 48 e-qam per 10K

Requires 2*8 = 16 e-qam connectors from NSG9000



DF1



D5

D5

D5

Fiber Node aFNa

C0

Fiber Node bFNb

Fiber Node cFNc

Fiber Node dFNd

Fiber Node eFNd

D3

D2

D1

D4

D3

D2

D1

D4

Low usage DS

C1 C4 C5

C2 C3 C6 C7

C8 C9 C10 C11

C12 C13 C16 C17

C14 C15 C18 C19

DS1DS0

DS2

DS3DS4

Blocks of 3 QAM

4th QAM optional

If 4th qam enabled, can serve 6, 5x20 linecards (30 nodes)

Requires 8*6 = 48 e-qam per 10K

Requires 2*8 = 16 e-qam connectors from NSG9000

Load Balancing GroupFor DOCSIS 2.0

Bonding Group For DOCSIS 3.0


Common Option

Pros– 2 bonding freqs / e-qam connector– Can offer 75 Mbps service– Plenty of growth in e-qam chassis– Spare slot can be used for N+1 or 3G40– Legacy = 2 DS/2 nodes & 2 US/1 node– 68 nodes covered = ~ 7 linecards

Cons– 41 e-qam connectors = 48 chs– Only 1 Primary freq / e-qam connector– Last DS on 7th card has no extra

primary ch

• 4 DS freqs

• 2 US freqs

• 2 SPAs

• 3 e-qam chassis

• 5, 2x4 domains + 2

3.2 MHz

6.4 MHz

SPADSs

5x20DSs

WB

P

P PP P

B

603

609

f1

f2

31

FN1 FN2 FN3 FN4 FN5 FN6 FN7 FN8

24

Frequency

TDMA

FN9 FN10

P

P P P P P

ATDMA


Common Option Wiring

Ups

trea

m

US0

US2

US4

US16D

owns

trea

m

DS0

DS1

DS2

DS3

DS4

US14

US12

US10

US8

US6

US18

Slo

t 2W

B S

PA

Slo

t 4/0

/0H

H G

igE

Slo

t 3/

0/0

HH

Gig

ES

lot

1W

B S

PA

PR

E2

PR

E2

Slo

t 5/0

8x1

8x1

8x1

8x1

603 MHz

603 MHz

603 MHz

603 MHz

1x2

1x2

1x2

1x2

eQAM

Node 1

Node 2

Node 3

Node 4

Node 5

Node 6

Node 7

Node 8

1x8

609, 615 MHz

Combined with Slot 7/0 RFCombined with Slot 6/0 RF

Combined with Slot 5/0 RF

Combined with Slot 6/1 RFCombined with Slot 7/1 RFCombined with Slot 8/1 RF

24 & 31 MHz6.4 & 3.2 MHz

Slot 8/0

Node 9

Node 10

603 MHz

1x2

8x1

Combined with Slot 8/0/0; 621 MHzCombined with Slot 8/0/1Combined with Slot 8/0/2Combined with Slot 8/0/3Combined with Slot 8/0/4

Slot 8/0

Slot 8/1

Slot 7/0

Slot 7/1

Slot 6/0

Slot 6/1

Slot 5/0

May require special isolation amp

eQAM

eQAM

docsis 3.0 overview

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