Do you know what each letter Do you know what each letter means? See how many you know!means? See how many you know!

D D - date- date

►Tells when Tells when the map was the map was made!made!

O - O - orientationorientation►Refers to the Refers to the

cardinal cardinal directions (N, directions (N, S, E, W) and is S, E, W) and is shown by an shown by an arrow or arrow or compass rose!compass rose!

G - G - gridgrid►A set of A set of

intersecting intersecting lines that lines that provides a way provides a way of determining of determining the absolute the absolute location of a location of a place!place!

S - S - scalescale►Shows the Shows the

relationship of relationship of map distances map distances to actual to actual distances on distances on the earth’s the earth’s surface!surface!

T - T - titletitle

►Describes Describes what the what the map map shows!shows!

A - A - authorauthor

►Identifies the Identifies the individual or individual or institution institution that created that created the map!the map!

I - I - indexindex►Presents an Presents an

alphabetical alphabetical list of places list of places on a map and on a map and gives the grid gives the grid location of location of each place!each place!

L – L – legend (key)legend (key)

►Defines the Defines the map’s map’s symbolssymbols

S - S - sourcesource►Identifies the Identifies the

institution or institution or resource from resource from which the which the information information on the map on the map was compiled!was compiled!

Now do you know what each letter Now do you know what each letter means? means?

See how many you can remember! See how many you can remember!

Globes and MapsGlobes and Maps

► mapmakers want to mapmakers want to present information present information about Earth about Earth accuratelyaccurately scale or relative size scale or relative size

very importantvery important

► show’s the show’s the relationship of map relationship of map distances to actual distances to actual distances on Earthdistances on Earth

Globes and MapsGlobes and Maps

►flat maps were flat maps were easier way to easier way to show larger show larger areasareas however, there is however, there is

some distortionsome distortion►mapmakers mapmakers

today rely on today rely on aerial photos and aerial photos and satellite images satellite images to make mapsto make maps

Getting It All On The MapGetting It All On The Map

►Gerardus Mercator Gerardus Mercator (1569)(1569) projection method of projection method of

mapping Earth on a mapping Earth on a flat surfaceflat surface

some distortion near some distortion near poles, but shows poles, but shows direction accuratelydirection accurately

Greenland actually Greenland actually only 1/8 size of S. only 1/8 size of S. Am, but on wld map Am, but on wld map appears much largerappears much larger

Getting It All On The MapGetting It All On The Map

►Other projections – Equal-Area, Other projections – Equal-Area, Robinson (most accurate wld map Robinson (most accurate wld map available), etc.available), etc.

Reading MapsReading Maps

►Parts of a mapParts of a map

Legend/Key: Explains symbols or shading on the map

N

S

EW

Compass Rose: Cardinal directions

Scale Bar: Map distances vs actual distances