do now work silently. raise hand to ask ms. hughes anything. 1.describe thomson’s atomic model....

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Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1. Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2. Describe Dalton’s atomic model.

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Page 1: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Do NowWork silently. Raise hand to ask Ms.

Hughes anything.

1. Describe Thomson’s atomic model.

2. Describe Dalton’s atomic model.

Page 2: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Announcements

• Unit 3 test next Friday

• If you have not taken 2 chemistry tests yet this semester, see me after to arrange a make up

• Also, come in for quick tutoring, then RETAKE GLEs for a GRADE BOOST

Page 3: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Mystery Element#1: Too little of this element in the

body causes osteoporosis.

#2: You can get this element from drinking milk

#3: It is good for your bones!

Page 4: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Numero Cinco! - R. A. Millikan

• Experiment: Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

• When: 1909

• Where: U.S.A!!!!

Page 5: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment

Page 6: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Millikan!

• Sprayed oil drops• Drops fell between magnetic plates• Drops radiated to give them negative

charge• Measured how fast they fell to find charge

and mass• Gravity pulls them down…But since

opposite charges attract and likes repel• The magnetic plates pushed the drops up

Page 7: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Millikan’s Calculations – Whoa!

Page 8: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

What were Millikan’s conclusions?

I have most accurately measured the charge

of an electron:

-1.59 x 10-19 Coulombs

Page 9: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

What were Millikan’s conclusions?

I have also most

accurately measured

the mass of an electron:9.109 x 10-

31kg

Page 10: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

What were Millikan’s conclusions?

The electron is

really really

small and has a

negative charge

Page 11: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Numero Seis! - Ernest Rutherford

• Experiment: Gold Foil Experiment

• When: 1910• Where: Montreal

Page 12: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Gold Foil Experiment Explained

• Alpha helium particles were shot through a piece of gold foil

– Think aluminum foil but thinner and made out of gold!

• Alpha helium particles are 8000 times more massive (bigger) than electrons

• Rutherford thought alpha particles would knock electrons out of the way, since atom is only electrons in sea of positive charge

Page 14: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Remember! This is the current model of the atom (Thanks to

Thomson)

Page 15: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

More History

Ernie’s (Rutherford) Big AdventureErnie’s (Rutherford) Big Adventure

Thin Sheet of GoldAtoms

Page 16: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

What were Rutherford’s conclusions?

• Pretend you are Rutherford

• As Rutherford, what conclusion would you make based on the data from the Gold Foil Experiment?

=Hint: Positive repels positive, negative repels

negative

Page 17: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

-

-

- -+

Page 18: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

What were Rutherford’s conclusions?

•Discovered the nucleus, a concentrated mass with positive protons!•Nucleus is in the center of the atom•The atom is mostly empty space•Electrons orbit around nucleus

Page 19: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

What’s this empty space idea?

• The atom is mostly empty space!

• The nucleus is TINY compared to the size of the entire atom!

• Called “the planetary model” because electrons orbit like planets in empty space

Page 20: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Relative Size of Nucleus to the Atom

Page 21: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Rutherford Simulation

• Let’s do this thing OURSELVES…but without radioactive particles

Page 22: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

James Chadwick

• Experiment: Beryllium Foil Experiment

• When: 1932• Where:

Cambridge (England)

Page 23: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Beryllium foil experiment

• Similar to gold foil experiment

• Shot alpha particles at beryllium foil

• Noticed neutral radiation coming out

• That neutral radiation could knock protons out of the way

• Therefore, heavy neutral particles exist in the atom

Page 24: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

What were Chadwick’s conclusions?

Neutral radiation emitted; therefore,

the nucleus contains another

subatomic particle called the

neutron (has a neutral charge)

Page 25: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

-

-

- -

++

+ +

-

-

-

-

NUCLEUS

NEUTRONELECTRON

PROTON

Page 26: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Picture History

Draw a picture history of the atomic model on the timeline

Page 27: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

RAFT - Independent Work TimeDue Friday

R = RolePretend to be either Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford.

A = AudienceYou are writing to the theorist directly before you.

F = FormatNewspaper article, Letter or Rap

T = TopicDetails of your discovery, how you know it is true,

and why it is better than the guy before you.YOU HAVE “WORKED” HARD…DEFEND YOUR

RESEARCH!

Page 28: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Assignment: RAFT

• Option 1: Rap

• Role: An atomic Theorist

• Audience: Writing to another atomic theorist

• Form: an appropriate rap

• Topic: Why your theory and model is better than theirs

+3 points for presenting on Friday

Page 29: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Assignment: RAFT

• Option 2: Polite, Formal Letter or Newspaper article

• Role: An atomic Theorist• Audience: Writing to another atomic

theorist• Form: a formal letter• Topic: Politely stating why your theory and

model proves theirs wrong +3 points for presenting on Friday

Page 30: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Assignment: RAFTThings to Include

• Personal information about both theorists - where they’re from, physical appearance, etc.

• All necessary facts about both theories or models

• How the theory is better than the one that came before it

Page 31: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

3 Subatomic Particles

• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons

Page 32: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

THE PROTON

p+

• Fat (heavy)

• Positive (charge)

• Doesn’t move (lazy)

Page 33: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

THE NEUTRON

• Fat (heavy)

• Neutral (charge)

• Doesn’t move (lazy)

Page 34: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

THE ELECTRON• Skinny (very light)

• Negative (charge)

• Moves a lot (runs around)

e-

Page 35: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Review of Subatomic Particles

Subatomic Particle

Location Mass Charge

Protons

Neutrons

Electrons

NUCLEUS

NUCLEUSOUTSIDE NUCLEU

S

1.6726 x 10-27 kg

1.6749 x 10-27 kg

9.1094 x 10-

31 kg

1+NEUTRAL

1-

Page 36: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Review: Subatomic Particles

e-

NP+

Page 37: Do Now Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.Describe Thomson’s atomic model. 2.Describe Dalton’s atomic model

Exit Slip

1. What experiment did Rutherford use to? What did he discover?

2. How did Rutherford change the atomic model?

• Hw: Make it a QUALITY short answer– What are the three subatomic particles and

how did we discover each? Name the experiment and give a brief description.

• Top ten: how’d we do?