dka case presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Case DiscussionCase Discussion
Ext. Nuchsarang Udomkaewkanjana
4802050
Patient Profile: หญิ�งไทยคู่� อาย� 70 ปี� Chief Compliant: ซึ�มลง เหนื่��อยมากขึ้��นื่ 1 วั�นื่ PTA
Brief HistoryBrief History • Symptoms • Trauma • Medication • Underlying disease
Primary SurveyPrimary Survey• Airway – clear• Breathing & Ventilation – RR 30 /min O2 sat 97%• Circulation – BP 130/70 mmHg PR 162 bpm, full & regular• Disability – E3V2M5, no evidence of head trauma, no focal
neurodeficit
6.00 PM
• DTX STAT = 388 mg%• O2 Sat = 97%• β-OH butyrate- positive• Urine ketone dipstick- positive
Initial managementInitial management
? DKA ?
6.05 PM
• O2 canula 3 LPM
• IV Fluid- 0.9%NSS 1000 ml/hr
• Retained foley’s cath
• Meropenem 2 g IV STAT
• CBC, BUN, Cr, Electrolyte, Ca, Mg, P, LFT
• UA, U/G, U/C, CXR
• EKG 12 leads, ABG room air, Lactate
• F/U DTX q1h , Elyte at 8 PM
6.10 PM
Present Illness: 1 wk PTA ผู้�ปี วัยมา ER ด้�วัยไขึ้�สูง คู่ล��นื่ไสู�อาเจี$ยนื่ UA – WBC 15-20 dx UTI ได้� Ceftriaxone IV OD *3 d. หล�งจีาก F/U อาการด้$ขึ้��นื่ แต่�ย�งม$ไขึ้� U/C, H/C – NG จี�งได้�เปีล$�ยนื่เปี(นื่ Ciprofloxacin PO *14 d.
1 d PTA ญิาต่�สู�งเกต่วั�าหายใจีเร*วั ซึ�มลง ไม�คู่�อยพูด้ เร$ยกร�ต่�วั ไม�ท,าต่ามสู��ง ไม�ม$ปีระวั�ต่�ศี$รษะกระแทก ไม�ม$ไอ/นื่,�ามก ปี0สูสูาวัะปีกต่� ไม�ปีวัด้ท�อง ไม�ถ่�ายเหลวั ม$ไขึ้�สูง จี�งพูามารพู.
Past Illness: Underlying DM, HT, DLP, distal CBD stricture with obstructive jaundice S/P stent
No drug or food allergy, no smoking and alcoholic drinking
Secondary SurveySecondary Survey 6.20 PM
Physical ExaminationPhysical ExaminationVital Signs: BP 130/70 mmHg RR 30/min PR 162
bpm T 40.1 °CGA: A Thai old woman, drowsiness, tachypnea,
mild jaundiceHEENT: no bruise or petechiae, marked pale
conjunctivae, icteric sclerae
CVS: tachycardia, full and regular pulse, normal s1 s2, no murmur
RS: normal breath sound, no wheezing, no crepitation
GI: soft, no mass, no guardingCNS: E4V5M6, drowiness, pupils 2 MM RTLBE,
motor tone- normal, power gr III at leastExt: no pitting edema
Differential Differential DiagnosisDiagnosis• Intracranial• Extracranial
• DTX = 390 mg%• 0.9% NSS 1000ml
+ KCl 40 mEq IV 100 ml/hr
• 0.9% NSS 1000ml IV 400 ml/hr
• RI 10 u IV push RI 10 u IM
• AG = 19.3
EKG 12 LEADS – Sinus tachycardia rate 160 bpmCXR – no cardiomegaly, no infiltrationUrine – 150 ml clearUA – pH 5.0 spec. 1.019 glucose 4+ protein2+ ketone marked + WBC 0-1 RBC 2-3 ELECTROLYTE 129 3.16 24 89 20.7 1.0
7.20 PM
• DTX = 302 mg%• IV เด้�ม• RI IV drip 0.1 u/kg/hr• F/U elyte• Respiratory alkalosis
with metabolic acidosis• HCO3
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• Consult MED – ย�าย 7NW
CBC10.3 17,550 N 9131.1 229,000 L 5UG- no organism seenABG pH 7.505 pO2 71.3 pCO2 23.8 HCO3
- 18.9Lactate 0.6 mmol/L (5 mg/dl)
8.20 PM
MED noteMED note• Diagnosis : Sepsis with hyperglycemia• DTX = 252 mg%• IV 5%DN/2 + KCl 40 mEq
9.20 PM
ELECTROLYTE 135 2.25 24 100 22.9 1.0
Diagnostic criteria: • serum glucose >250 mg/dl• arterial pH <7.3• serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/l• moderate ketonuria or
ketonemia.
D K AD K A H H S H H S Diabetic KetoacidosisDiabetic Ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic StateHyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Diagnostic criteria: • serum glucose >600 mg/dl• arterial pH >7.3• serum bicarbonate >15 mEq/l• minimal ketonuria and ketonemia
D K AD K ADiabetic Diabetic
KetoacidosisKetoacidosisInsulin Deficiency
With counteregulatory hormone response
Protein Breakdown
Lipolysis
Hepatic gluconeogenesis
Cellular underutilization of glucose
Loss of nitrogenMuscle wasting
Osmotic diuresis
Hyperglycemia
Ketoacid
Dehydration
SHOCKCompensatory
tachypnea
N/V
Wide AG acidosis
Ketonuria
I V
KK & & RIRI
Monitoring Treatment OutcomeMonitoring Treatment Outcome
Out Of DKA ?• DTX• pH• Serum ketone• Urine ketone• Urine betahydroxybutyrate• AG• HCO3
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Thank You !Thank You !