disk-outflow connection and the molecular dusty torus

Disk-outflow Connection and the Molecular Dusty Torus

Moshe Elitzur University of Kentucky

Unification Scheme for AGN

M ~ 106 ndash 1010 M

Rs ~ 1011 ndash 1015

cm

Toroidal

Obscuration

Required by

Unification

SchemesObscuring matter mdash optically thick dusty clouds Krolik amp

Begelman lsquo88

Torus Properties mdash Obscuration

Equatorial V gt~ 30 40

NH gt~ 1023 cm-2

f2 mdash fraction of obscured sources = N2(N1 + N2)

Seyferts f2 = 70 Schmitt+ lsquo01

f2 = 50 Hao+ lsquo05

f2 = sin = 05 mdash 07

asymp 30˚ mdash 45˚

HRo ~ 1

H

Torus Direct Evidence

NGC 1068

D = 144 Mpc

01rdquo = 72 pc

Weigelt+ 04

bispectrum specle interferometry

Jaffe+ 04

VLTI 8-13 m

Torus Size mdash Observations

NGC1068 2m imaging ndash R ~ 1 pc (Weigelt+ 04)

8―13m VLTI ndash R ~ 2 pc (Jaffe+ 04)

Cen A 8―13m VLTI ndash R ~ 03 pc ( Meisenheimer+

07)

Circinus 2m ndash R ~ 1 pc (Prieto+ 04)

8―13m VLTI ndash R ~ 1 pc (Tristram+ 08)

8 amp 18m ndash R lt 2 pc (Packham+ 05)

NGC1097 amp NGC5506 2m ndash R lt 5 pc (Prieto+ 04)

All observations are consistent with RoutRd no larger than ~2030 and perhaps even

only ~510

Torus orientation amp the host galaxy

AGN axis (jet) randomly oriented with respect to

bull galactic disk in Syefert galaxies (Kinney et al 00)

bull nuclear dust disk in radio galaxies (Schmitt et al 02)

NGC 1068

Galaxy ~ face on

Torus ~ edge on (le5ordm)bull H2O masers

Gallimore+ 01

bull NLR kinematics Crenshaw+ 00

NGC 1068 CO amp H2 observations

Galliano et al rsquo03 HR ~ 015

20 pc

140 pc

bull Molecular disk outside ldquothe torusrdquo

bull Disk amp torus roughly aligned

15ordm

Schinerer+ 00 at R ~ 70 pc H ~ 10 pc HR ~

015

NGC 1068 H2 SINFONI observations

Muller Sanchez+ 08

bull Infall at ~ 10 pc no rotation

bull Torus size lt~ 10 pc

NGC 1068 H2O Masers amp 8 GHz Continuum

Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus

Smooth continuation of the BLR

Risaliti Elvis amp Nicastro 02

Smooth distribution of dusty and dust-free (BLR) clouds

X-ray Obscuration

Dusty clouds absorb both UVoptical and X-rays

Dust-free clouds absorb only X-rays

Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)

bull Broad-emission line lags for objects that also have infrared lags bull Including Hi amp Lo ionization lines)

(nucleus)

Lag Times ― BLR and near-IRSuganuma et al 06

BLR is dust bound (Netzer amp Laor 93)

No correlation with M

( luminosity)

Rd

r lt Rd mdash dust free clouds Broad Lines Region X-ray Obscuration Region

BLRXOR

r gt Rd mdash dusty clouds Toroidal Obscuration Region

TOR

TOR = Torus

The Dust-Sublimation Transition

Everett amp Konigl lsquo00

Bottorff+ 97

The Disk Wind Paradigm

Grand Unification Theory

masers

Emmering Blandford amp Shlosman 92

BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR

Toroidal Obscuration

Region

Clumpy Torus Modeling

N0 = 5 ndash 10 clouds

= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2

Rd = 04Lfrac1245 pc Ro ge 5 Rd

Standard ISM dust works fine

N N0 exp(-22)rq

Nenkova et al lsquo02 lsquo08

s

Cloud Properties in TOR Outflow

IR modeling

v ~ 30 ndash 120 NH ~ 1022 ndash 1023 cm-2

n gt 107 M7 rpc3 cm-3

Rc lt 1016 NH23 rpc3 M7 cm

Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG

Elitzur amp Shlosman 06

Resistance to tidal shearing

Circinus Water Masers

Greenhill+ 03

02 pc

Circinus VLTI Imaging

Tristram+ 07

Geometry

Clouds rise and expand

Column density decreases

Toroidal structure for both BLR XOR and

TOR

TOR Mass Outflow Rate

Torus should disappear at small LLEdd

THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML

v(Rd) vK(Rd) (MbullRd)frac12 (LEddLfrac12)frac12

TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12

Torus Disappearance at Low Luminosities

Nucleus visible in FR I radio galaxies (Chiaberge+

99)

hellip and LINERs too (Maoz+ 05)

LINER 1 amp 2 UV colors similar (AV lt~ 1)

No torus dust emission in M87 (Whysong amp

Antonucci 04 Perlman+ 07)

No torus dust emission in FR I and ~ half of FR II

(van der Wolk+ 08)

If only TOR is removed all low-luminosity AGN become

type 1HOWEVER

Both type 1 and type 2 LINERs do exist

(Maoz et al 05)

ldquotruerdquo type 2 AGN exist at L lt 1042 erg

s-1 (Panessa amp Bassani 02 Laor 03)

THEREFORE

BLR must disappear at some lower L

Ho 08 BLR disappears at LLAGN

Wind diminishes mdash mass outflow directed to jets ()

Ho lsquo02 Sikora et al lsquo07 Radio loudness (LradLopt) varies inversely with Macc

BLR TOR

R = LradLopt = LLEdd

Radio-loudness Sikora+ lsquo07



Similar effect in X-ray binaries

Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness

Full Unification Scheme

both type 1 amp 2

molecular outflow extinguished

Torus disappears type 1 only

atomic outflow extinguished

BLR disappears ldquotruerdquo type 2

High

High

Low

Low

TOR Energy Outflow Rate

Negligible in the energy budget

13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation

With ~ 01 the required accretion rate is

Macc ~ 01 L45 M yr-1

The AGN phase lasts ~ 107 108 yrs

Overall accreted mass ~ 106 107 L45 M

Is the whole Seyfert phenomenon the accretion of

just a single GMC

Are QSO triggered differently (mergers)




Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration

Lag Times ― BLR and near-IR


Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


M ~ 106 ndash 1010 M

Rs ~ 1011 ndash 1015

cm

Toroidal

Obscuration

Required by

Unification

SchemesObscuring matter mdash optically thick dusty clouds Krolik amp

Begelman lsquo88



NH gt~ 1023 cm-2






HRo ~ 1

H


NGC 1068

D = 144 Mpc

01rdquo = 72 pc

Weigelt+ 04


Jaffe+ 04

VLTI 8-13 m





07)






only ~510





NGC 1068

Galaxy ~ face on


Gallimore+ 01




20 pc

140 pc



15ordm


015


Muller Sanchez+ 08




Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation



NH gt~ 1023 cm-2






HRo ~ 1

H


NGC 1068

D = 144 Mpc

01rdquo = 72 pc

Weigelt+ 04


Jaffe+ 04

VLTI 8-13 m





07)






only ~510





NGC 1068

Galaxy ~ face on


Gallimore+ 01




20 pc

140 pc



15ordm


015


Muller Sanchez+ 08




Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


NGC 1068

D = 144 Mpc

01rdquo = 72 pc

Weigelt+ 04


Jaffe+ 04

VLTI 8-13 m





07)






only ~510





NGC 1068

Galaxy ~ face on


Gallimore+ 01




20 pc

140 pc



15ordm


015


Muller Sanchez+ 08




Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation





07)






only ~510





NGC 1068

Galaxy ~ face on


Gallimore+ 01




20 pc

140 pc



15ordm


015


Muller Sanchez+ 08




Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation





NGC 1068

Galaxy ~ face on


Gallimore+ 01




20 pc

140 pc



15ordm


015


Muller Sanchez+ 08




Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation



20 pc

140 pc



15ordm


015


Muller Sanchez+ 08




Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


Muller Sanchez+ 08




Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


Gallimore+

04

04 pc

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation

What is the Torus




X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation



X-ray Obscuration



Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation

Broad Emission Line

NIR(K-band)


(nucleus)




( luminosity)

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation

Rd


BLRXOR


TOR

TOR = Torus



Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


Bottorff+ 97



masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


masers


BLRXOR

Broad Lines Region

X-ray Obscuration

Region

WA

Warm Absorber

TOR


Region



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation



= 30deg ndash 60deg

V = 30 ndash 120

q = 1 ndash 2



N N0 exp(-22)rq


s


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


IR modeling




Mc lt 710-3 NH23 Rc162 M

B ~ 15 1kms n712 mG




Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


Greenhill+ 03

02 pc


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


Tristram+ 07

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation

Geometry




TOR



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation



THdd

TORout N)R(vRM

2TORacc

2BHacc cMcML


TH

21Edd

41TORacc

TORout N

LL

LM

M

Rd Lfrac12



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation



99)






(van der Wolk+ 08)


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation


type 1HOWEVER


(Maoz et al 05)



THEREFORE





BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation




BLR TOR






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation






Accre

tion R

ate

(LL

Edd)

Radio

Lo

ud

ness


both type 1 amp 2





High

High

Low

Low



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation



13

36

T23H

2145

35w sergvNL107L I

dAvnvML cc2cc2

1w

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation

Final Speculation






just a single GMC





Slide 4

Slide 5



NGC 1068




What is the Torus

X-ray Obscuration



Slide 16






Geometry



Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30


Final Speculation

disk-outflow connection and the molecular dusty torus

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