disease control in shrimp aquaculture with probiotic bacteria - j moriaty

7/31/2019 Disease Control in Shrimp Aquaculture with Probiotic Bacteria - J Moriaty

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Mbgrhobci Bl{jrcg{bhlw bl Cszcgzi{zrj

Mbgrhobci Obhww{jmw> Ljt Frhl{bjrwUrhgjjkbldw hf {aj 1{a Bl{jrlc{bhlci Wmuhwbzm hl Mbgrhobci Jghihd

Ojii G_) Oriblw` M) Nhalwhl-Drjjl U !jkw"C{icl{bg Gclckc Whgbj{ fhr Mbgrhobci Jghihd) Acibfcq) Gclckc) 3222,

Kbwjcwj Ghl{rhi bl Warbmu Cszcgzi{zrj tb{a Urhobh{bg Ocg{jrbc

Kcvbk N, T, Mhrbcr{

Obhmclcdjmjl{ Ww{jmw U{, I{k,) 73: Mcbl _hck) Tjiibld{hl Uhbl{, Szjjlwiclk ;365 Czw{rcibc)

clk Kjucr{mjl{ hf Gajmbgci Jldbljjrbld) [aj Zlbvjrwb{ hf Szjjlwiclk, Sik, ;54? Czw{rcibc,

COW[_CG[

Warbmu cszcgzi{zrj urhkzg{bhl bl mzga hf {aj thrik bw kjurjwwjk o kbwjcwj) ucr{bgzicrigczwjk o izmblhzw Vborbh clk(hr vbrzwjw, Cl{bobh{bgw) tabga acvj ojjl zwjk bl icrdjszcl{b{bjw) crj bl mcl gcwjw bljffjg{bvj) hr rjwzi{ bl blgrjcwjw bl vbrzijlgj hf uc{ahdjlwclk) fzr{ajrmhrj) crj gczwj fhr ghlgjrl bl urhmh{bld {rclwfjr hf cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgj {hazmcl uc{ahdjlw, Urhobh{bg {jgalhihd urhvbkjw c whiz{bhl {h {ajwj urhoijmw, [ajmbgrhobci wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl bl ac{gajr {cl`w hr icrdj cszcgzi{zrj uhlkw gcl oj gacldjko ckkbld wjijg{jk ocg{jrbci wujgbjw {h kbwuicgj kjij{jrbhzw lhrmci ocg{jrbc, Vbrzijlgj hf

izmblhzw Vborbh wujgbjw gcl oj ghl{rhiijk bl {abw mclljr, Cozlkclgj hf izmblhzw Vborbhw{rcblw kjgrjcwjk bl uhlkw clk {cl`w tajrj wujgbcii wjijg{jk) urhobh{bg w{rcblw hfOcgbiizwwujgbjw tjrj ckkjk, C fcrm hl Ljdrhw) bl {aj Uabibuubljw) tabga ack ojjl kjvcw{c{jk oizmblhzw Vborbh kbwjcwj tabij zwbld ajcv khwjw hf cl{bobh{bgw bl fjjk) cgabjvjk wzrvbvcihf 15-355* hf warbmu bl cii uhlkw {rjc{jk tb{a urhobh{bgw,

Bl{rhkzg{bhl

[aj ZL FCH jw{bmc{jw {ac{ acif hf {aj thrikw wjcfhhk kjmclk tbii oj mj{ o cszcgzi{zrjbl ?5?5) cw tbik gcu{zrj fbwajrbjw crj hvjrjquihb{jk clk crj bl kjgiblj, Warbmu !hr urctl"gzi{zrj bw tbkjwurjck {arhzdahz{ {aj {rhubgci thrik, B{ bw bl cl blkzw{r wj{ fhr c ujrbhk hfw{rhldi drhtbld kjmclk) clk bw gzrrjl{i thr{a crhzlk ZW+35 obiibhl, Ujlcjzw

mhlhkhl) {aj oicg` {bdjr warbmu) bw {aj mhw{ tbkji gzi{zrjk wujgbjw,Bl mzga hf {aj thrik) ahtjvjr) {aj warbmu cszcgzi{zrj blkzw{r bw ojwj{ o kbwjcwj)mhw{i kzj {h ocg{jrbc !jwujgbcii {aj izmblhzw Vborbh acrvjb" clk vbrzwjw, [aj abdakjlwb{ hf clbmciw bl ac{gajr {cl`w clk uhlkw bw ghlkzgbvj {h {aj wurjck hf uc{ahdjlw)clk {aj cszc{bg jlvbrhlmjl{) tb{a rjdzicr cuuibgc{bhlw hf urh{jbl-rbga fjjk) bw bkjci fhrgzi{zrbld ocg{jrbc,

B fjji {ajwj urhoijmw acvj ojjl jqcgjroc{jk ojgczwj {aj bl{jrcg{bhlw hf mbgrhojw)clbmciw clk {ajbr jlvbrhlmjl{ c{ bl{jlwbvj urhkzg{bhl wgcijw acvj ojjl ghlwbkjrjkurbmcrbi frhm c giblbgci uc{ahihd ujrwujg{bvj, [ac{ bw) {aj kbwjcwj tcw {rjc{jk rc{ajr {acl{aj zlkjribld gczwj, Tajl uc{ahdjlbg ocg{jrbc hr vbrzwjw crj kj{jg{jk) fcrmjrw cuuicl{bmbgrhobci ghmuhzlkw {h {aj fjjk clk tc{jr, Mcl fcrmjrw ciwh zwj cl{bobh{bgw cw

urhuaicg{bgw bl icrdj szcl{b{bjw) jvjl tajl uc{ahdjlw crj lh{ jvbkjl{, [abw acw ijck {h clblgrjcwj bl vborbhw) clk urjwzmcoi h{ajr ocg{jrbc) acvbld mzi{buij cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgjclk {h cl blgrjcwj bl mhrj vbrzijl{ uc{ahdjlw, Mcl hf {aj uc{ahdjlw cuujcr {h acvjmz{c{jk {h mhrj vbrzijl{ fhrmw {acl tjrj urjwjl{ c kjgckj cdh) clk {azw jvjl tajl {ajwarbmuw crj lh{ w{rjwwjk o uhhr tc{jr szcib{ {aj wzggzmo {h c{{cg`, [azw B fjji {ac{ {ajblgbkjlgj hf kbwjcwj acw ojjl jqcgjroc{jk o {aj cg{bhlw hf {aj warbmu fcrmjrw,


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[aj whiz{bhl ibjw bl {aj fbjik hf mbgrhobci jghihd) lh{ bl {aj fbjik hf uacrmcghihd) b,j,bl kjvjihubld ljt cl{bobh{bgw hr vcggbljw P:], Warbmu fcrmjrw acvj {h ijcrl {h ibvj tb{a cghmuijq ghmmzlb{ hf mbgrhojw clk mclcdj {ajm, [aj zwj hf ojljfbgbci ocg{jrbc!urhobh{bgw" {h kbwuicgj uc{ahdjlbg ocg{jrbc o ghmuj{b{bvj urhgjwwjw bw c oj{{jr rjmjk{acl ckmblbw{jrbld cl{bobh{bgw, Clk b{ thr`w#

[aj mbgrhobci wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl bl cszcgzi{zrj uhlkw gcl oj gacldjk o ckkbldwjijg{jk wujgbjw {h kbwuicgj kjij{jrbhzw ghmmhl ocg{jrbc, Wzggjww kjujlkw zuhl kjfblbld{aj jghihdbgci urhgjww hr urhgjwwjw {h oj gacldjk) {aj {ujw hf kjij{jrbhzw wujgbjw {ac{ crjkhmblcl{ clk {aj kjwbrcoij ci{jrlc{bvj wujgbjw hr w{rcblw hf ocg{jrbc {ac{ ghzik oj ckkjk,Ghmuj{b{bvj jqgizwbhl bw hlj hf {aj jghihdbgci urhgjwwjw {ac{ ciihtw mclbuzic{bhl hf {ajocg{jrbci wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl bl {aj tc{jr) wjkbmjl{ clk clbmci dz{w,

Cl{bmbgrhobciw clk Uc{ahdjlw

Vborbh wuu,) jwujgbcii {aj izmblhzw V,acrvjb) acvj ojjl bmuibgc{jk cw {aj mcbl ocg{jrbciuc{ahdjlw hf warbmuw P?], Cl{bobh{bgw acvj ojjl zwjk bl c{{jmu{w {h ghl{rhi {ajwj ocg{jrbc)oz{ {ajbr jffbgcg bw lht) bl djljrci) vjr uhhr, Bl {aj Uabibuubljw) izmblhzw Vborbh kbwjcwjgczwjk c mcnhr ihww bl warbmu urhkzg{bhl bl 3226) clk mcl fcrmw acvj gjcwjk {h urhkzgjwarbmuw ojgczwj wzrvbvci tcw wh uhhr, [aj Vborbh wujgbjw tjrj rjwbw{cl{ {h jvjrcl{bobh{bg zwjk) blgizkbld gaihrcmuajlbghi) fzrc~hibkhlj) hq{j{rcggiblj) clkw{rju{hmgbl) clk tjrj mhrj vbrzijl{ {acl bl urjvbhzw jcrw,

Bl [acbiclk {abw jcr) c fcrmjr tah tcw zwbld ghiihbkci wbivjr bl cii fjjkw jqujrbjlgjk cicrdj blgrjcwj bl mhr{cib{ frhm vborbhwbw, [abw tcw mclcdjk fhr c tabij tb{a icrdj khwjwhf lhrfihqcgbl bl cii fjjkw, Ahtjvjr) tajl b{ tcw w{huujk cii warbmuw kbjk tb{abl ? kcw,Gijcri) c abdai vbrzijl{ w{rcbl hf izmblhzw Vborbh ack kjvjihujk bl rjwuhlwj {h {aj zwj hf{aj wbivjr clk cl{bobh{bgw,

Gaihrblj bw tbkji zwjk bl ac{gajrbjw clk uhlkw) oz{ b{w zwj w{bmzic{jw {aj kjvjihumjl{hf mzi{buij cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgj djljw bl ocg{jrbc P1], Whmj fcrmjrw bl [acbiclk acvjrjuhr{jk {ac{ tajl gaihrblj bw zwjk bl uhlkw {h `bii ~hhuicl`{hl ojfhrj w{hg`bld warbmu){ajrj bw c rcubk blgrjcwj bl Vborbhacrvjb lzmojrw cf{jr {aj gaihrblj bw rjmhvjk, [abw bw {hoj jqujg{jk cw mcrblj vborbhw acvj vjr fcw{ drht{a rc{jw) clk {aj gaihrblj {rjc{mjl{ tbiiihtjr {aj lzmojrw hf ghmuj{b{hrw fhr lz{rbjl{w clk `bii cidcj) {azw blgrjcwbld fhhkrjwhzrgjw, B{ bw ib`ji) {ajrjfhrj) {ac{ {aj vborbhw wzrvbvbld cf{jr gaihrblj {rjc{mjl{ crj lh{hli mhrj rjwbw{cl{ {h cl{bobh{bgw) oz{ crj ciwh uc{ahdjlbg, [azw {aj urhoijmw acvj ojjljqcgjroc{jk o {aj zwj hf cl{bmbgrhobci ghmuhzlkw,

Bf cl{bobh{bgw hr kbwblfjg{cl{w crj zwjk {h `bii ocg{jrbc) whmj ocg{jrbc tbii wzrvbvj) jb{ajrw{rcblw hf {aj uc{ahdjl hr h{ajrw) ojgczwj {aj gcrr djljw fhr rjwbw{clgj, [ajwj tbii {ajldrht rcubki ojgczwj {ajbr ghmuj{b{hrw crj rjmhvjk, Cl vbrzijl{ uc{ahdjlw {ac{ rj-jl{jr{aj uhlk hr ac{gajr {cl`) ujracuw frhm tb{abl obhfbimw bl tc{jr ubujw hr bl {aj dz{w hfclbmciw) gcl {ajl jqgacldj djljw tb{a {aj rjwbw{cl{ ocg{jrbc clk wzrvbvj fzr{ajr khwjw hf

cl{bobh{bg, [azw) cl{bobh{bg-rjwbw{cl{ w{rcblw hf uc{ahdjlw jvhivj rcubki,[aj {rclwfjr hf rjwbw{clgj {h azmcl uc{ahdjlw clk dz{ ocg{jrbc bw hf mcnhr ghlgjrl,

Wzga {rclwfjrw urhocoi acuujl jcwbi clk hf{jl) cw kbwgzwwjk o Wcijrw P35], _jwbw{clgjuicwmbkw jlghkbld fhr mcl cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgj djljw tjrj {rclwfjrrjk oj{tjjluc{ahdjlbg clk lhl-uc{ahdjlbg Drcm ljdc{bvj ocg{jrbc bl wjvjrci jlvbrhlmjl{w blgizkbldwjc tc{jr, Bl {aj urjwjlgj hf {j{rcggiblj ghlgjl{rc{bhlw {ac{ tjrj lh{ abda jlhzda {h `bii{aj ocg{jrbc) {aj rc{j hf djlj {rclwfjr oj{tjjl Vborbh gahijrcj clkCjrhmhlcw wcimhlbgbkcblgrjcwjk 355 {bmjw P;],


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[abw thr` rcbwjw szjw{bhlw lh{ hli cohz{ {aj zwj hf cl{bobh{bgw bl cszcgzi{zrj) oz{ cohz{{aj zwj hf ocg{jrbc gihwji rjic{jk {h uc{ahdjlbg wujgbjw cw urhobh{bgw, Lh{ hlicl{bmbgrhobci rjwbw{clgj djljw) oz{ ciwh djljw fhr vbrzijlgj gcl oj {rclwfjrrjk o _uicwmbkw clk {rclwuhwhlw, Cw {aj _ uicwmbkw gcl {rclwfjr djljw oj{tjjl tbkji kbffjrjl{ocg{jrbc bl {aj Drcm ljdc{bvj drhzu) b{ thzik oj uh{jl{bcii kcldjrhzw {h zwj Vborbh hr

Uwjzkhmhlcw) fhr jqcmuij) cw urhobh{bgw,[arhzdahz{ Cwbc) warbmu fcrmjrw zwj cl{bobh{bgw bl icrdj szcl{b{bjw, Tcrjahzwjwwzuuibld {aj blkzw{r bl cii {aj mcnhr gjl{rjw wjii c rcldj hf cl{bobh{bgw bl ghl{cbljrw hf:55 d hr mhrj bl wb~j, [aj cl{bobh{bgw bl gzrrjl{ zwj blgizkj fizhrhszblhihljw jwujgbciilhrfihqcgbl clk jlrhfihqcgbl) fzrc~hibkhlj) hqhiblbg cgbk) hq{j{rcggiblj) {rbmj{ahurbmclk wziuackbc~blj, B{ bw kbffbgzi{ {h fblk hz{ nzw{ aht mzga cl{bobh{bg zwj {ajrj bw bl {ajblkzw{r) oz{ b{ bw uhwwboij {h mc`j cl jw{bmc{j frhm fjjk zwcdj clk urhkzg{bhl, Bl 322;[acbiclk urhkzgjk cohz{ ?:5)555 {hlljw !c szcr{jr hf {aj thrik urhkzg{bhl" hf fcrmjkwarbmuw) tabga ghlwzmjk cohz{ :55)555 - 655)555 {hlljw hf fjjk, Tb{a {aj kbwjcwjurhoijmw) warbmu urhkzg{bhl icw{ jcr tcw khtl {h 3:5)555 {hlljw, Fhr jcga grhu c{wjmb-bl{jlwbvj {h bl{jlwbvj wgcijw hf urhkzg{bhl) fcrmjrw zwj : - 35 d cl{bobh{bgw ujr `d

fjjk c{ ijcw{ hlgj ujr kc c{ tjj`i bl{jrvciw0 whmj zwj {ajm fhr mhrj jq{jlwbvj ujrbhkw,[azw cl{bobh{bgw thzik oj zwjk bl cohz{ 35* hf fjjk, B{ bw uhwwboij) {ajrjfhrj) {ac{ {ajcl{bobh{bg zwcdj bl warbmu fcrm urhkzg{bhl bl [acbiclk bl 322; tcw cw mzga cw :55 - 655{hlljw) cwwzmbld cii fcrmjrw zwjk {ajm clk {abw khjw lh{ blgizkj {ac{ zwjk bl ac{gajrbjwfhr fr urhkzg{bhl,

Cw mzga hf {abw tbii jlk zu urhkzgbld ocg{jrbc tb{a mzi{buij cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgj blfcrm jffizjl{w {ac{ {ajl ghl{cmblc{j ghcw{ci tc{jrw) {aj uh{jl{bci bmucg{ hl azmcl ajci{abw wbdlbfbgcl{, [abw urhoijm tcw kbwgzwwjk o Czw{bl bl 3217 P3] tb{a rjfjrjlgj {h fbwafcrmbld) oz{ b{ acw ojghmj fcr thrwj tb{a {aj mcnhr blgrjcwj bl warbmu fcrmbld {ac{ acwhggzrrjk wblgj {ajl,

Urhobh{bg Ocg{jrbc

[aj zwj hf ojljfbgbci ocg{jrbc !urhobh{bgw" {h kbwuicgj uc{ahdjlw o ghmuj{b{bvj urhgjwwjwbw ojbld zwjk bl {aj clbmci blkzw{r cw c oj{{jr rjmjk {acl ckmblbw{jrbld cl{bobh{bgw clk bwlht dcblbld cggju{clgj fhr {aj ghl{rhi hf uc{ahdjlw bl cszcgzi{zrj P7], [aj {jrmurhobh{bg acw ojjl kjfbljk cw> c urhobh{bg bw c mhlh- hr mbqjk gzi{zrj hf ibvjmbgrhhrdclbwmw {ac{) cuuibjk {h clbmci hr mcl) cffjg{ ojljfbgbcii {aj ahw{ o bmurhvbld{aj urhujr{bjw hf {aj blkbdjlhzw mbgrhfihrc P7], Bl {abw kbwgzwwbhl) {aj cz{ahrw ghlwbkjrjkhli azmcl clk iclk fcrm clbmciw, Bl jq{jlkbld {ajbr kjfblb{bhl {h cszcgzi{zrj) B wzddjw{{ac{ b{ ciwh cuuibjw {h {aj ckkb{bhl hf ibvj) lc{zrcii-hggzrrbld ocg{jrbc {h {cl`w clk uhlkw bltabga {aj clbmciw ibvj) ojgczwj {ajwj ocg{jrbc mhkbf {aj ocg{jrbci ghmuhwb{bhl hf {ajtc{jr clk wjkbmjl{, [aj ajci{a hf clbmciw bw {azw bmurhvjk o {aj rjmhvci) hr kjgrjcwj bluhuzic{bhl kjlwb{) hf uc{ahdjlw clk o bmurhvbld tc{jr szcib{ {arhzda {aj mhrj rcubk

kjdrckc{bhl hf tcw{j hrdclbg mc{{jr,Zlib`j iclk clbmciw) cszc{bg fcrmjk clbmciw crj wzrrhzlkjk o c mbibjz {ac{ wzuuhr{w

huuhr{zlbw{bg uc{ahdjlw blkjujlkjl{i hf {aj ahw{ clbmci) clk wh {aj uc{ahdjlw gcl rjcgaabda cozlkclgj crhzlk {aj clbmci, Vborbh drht c{{cgajk {h cidcj) clk mc rjcga abdauhuzic{bhl kjlwb{bjw cf{jr ojbld bldjw{jk tb{a {aj cidcj clk {ajl jqgrj{jk tb{a iwjk cidcjbl fcjgci ujiij{w o ~hhuicl`{hl0 {aj crj dz{ ocg{jrbc bl fbwa clk warbmuw cw tjii cw~hhuicl`{hl P4], Bl cszcgzi{zrj uhlkw) tajrj clbmci clk cidci uhuzic{bhl kjlwb{bjw crjvjr abda) Vborbh lzmojrw crj ciwh abda ghmucrjk {h {aj hujl wjc, [aj hlwj{ hf warbmu


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kbwjcwj kzj {h jquhwzrj {h abda lzmojrw hfVborbh) jwujgbcii tajl uc{ahdjlbgb{ acwblgrjcwjk o hvjrzwj hf cl{bmbgrhobci ghmuhzlkw blkbgc{jw {ac{ c kjfjlwj bw ljjkjk,

[aj wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl hf c mbgrhobci ghmmzlb{) wzga cw {ac{ bl c uhlk) tbii ojkj{jrmbljk ucr{i o w{hgacw{bg uajlhmjlc) {ac{ bw) gaclgj) clk ucr{i o kj{jrmblbw{bg clkurjkbg{coij fcg{hrw {ac{ ciiht hlj wujgbjw {h drht clk kbvbkj mhrj rcubki {acl h{ajrw) clk

{azw khmblc{j lzmjrbgcii, Gaclgj fcvhzrw {ahwj hrdclbwmw {ac{ acuujl {h oj bl {aj rbda{uicgj c{ {aj rbda{ {bmj {h rjwuhlk {h c wzkkjl blgrjcwj bl lz{rbjl{w) j,d, frhm {aj iwbw hfcidci gjiiw hr {aj kjghmuhwb{bhl hf fjjk ujiij{w {ac{ fcii crhzlk {ajm, [aj fcrmjr gclmclbuzic{j {aj wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl o wjjkbld icrdj lzmojrw hf kjwbrcoij w{rcblw hfocg{jrbc hr cidcj0 bl h{ajr thrkw) o dbvbld gaclgj c ajiubld aclk,

Ghmuj{b{bvj jqgizwbhl bw hlj hf {aj jghihdbgci urhgjwwjw {ac{ gcl oj mclbuzic{jk {hmhkbf {aj wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl hf c whbi hr tc{jr ohk hr h{ajr mbgrhobci jlvbrhlmjl{,Wmcii gacldjw bl fcg{hrw {ac{ cffjg{ drht{a hr mhr{cib{ rc{jw tbii ijck {h gacldjw blwujgbjw khmblclgj, Tj crj w{bii c ihld tc frhm `lhtbld cii {aj fcg{hrw {ac{ ghl{rhidrht{a rc{jw hf ucr{bgzicr wujgbjw, [aj ghmuij{j wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl bl lc{zrcijlvbrhlmjl{w bw icrdji zl`lhtl) oz{ jlhzda bw `lhtl {h crdzj {ac{ b{ bw uhwwboij {h

gacldj wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl o mc`bld zwj hf ghmuj{b{bvj jqgizwbhl urblgbuijw P33], [azwocg{jrbc gcl ghmuj{j o wjgrj{bld cl{bmbgrhobci ghmuhzlkw {ac{ kh lh{ ljgjwwcrbi `bii cii{ajbr ghmuj{b{hrw) oz{ blgrjcwj mhr{cib{ rc{jw nzw{ jlhzda {h {bu {aj ociclgj bl rjwhzrgjz{bib~c{bhl, Fhr jqcmuij) bf cOcgbiizw w{rcbl tjrj {h urhkzgj cl cl{bobh{bg {ac{ blabob{jk cVborbh) {ajl {aj Vborbhw mhr{cib{ rc{j thzik blgrjcwj) wabf{bld {aj khmblclgj {h {ajOcgbiizw) jvjl bf {aj cl{bobh{bg tjrj lh{ urhkzgjk c{ abda jlhzda ghlgjl{rc{bhl {h `bii cii hrmhw{ Vborbh gjiiw kbrjg{i,

Mbgrhobci jghihd clk obh{jgalhihdbjw acvj ckvclgjk bl {aj icw{ kjgckj) {h {aj uhbl{{ac{ ghmmjrgbci urhkzg{w clk {jgalhihdbjw crj cvcbicoij fhr {rjc{bld icrdj crjcw hf tc{jrclk iclk {h jlaclgj uhuzic{bhl kjlwb{bjw hf ucr{bgzicr mbgrhobci wujgbjw hr obhgajmbgcicg{bvb{bjw, [aj urcg{bgj hf obhrjmjkbc{bhl !hr obhczdmjl{c{bhl" bw cuuibjk bl mcl crjcw)oz{ wzggjww vcrbjw drjc{i) kjujlkbld hl {aj lc{zrj hf {aj urhkzg{w zwjk clk {aj {jgalbgciblfhrmc{bhl cvcbicoij {h {aj jlk zwjr, [aj ocg{jrbc {ac{ crj ckkjk mzw{ oj wjijg{jk fhrwujgbfbg fzlg{bhlw {ac{ crj cmjlcoij {h obhrjmjkbc{bhl) clk oj ckkjk c{ c abda jlhzdauhuzic{bhl kjlwb{) clk zlkjr {aj rbda{ jlvbrhlmjl{ci ghlkb{bhlw) {h cgabjvj {aj kjwbrjkhz{ghmjw, Obhczdmjl{c{bhl clk {aj zwj hf urhobh{bgw crj wbdlbfbgcl{ mclcdjmjl{ {hhiw fhrcszcgzi{zrj) oz{ {ajbr jffbgcg kjujlkw hl zlkjrw{clkbld {aj lc{zrj hf ghmuj{b{bhl oj{tjjlucr{bgzicr wujgbjw hr w{rcblw hf ocg{jrbc, [aj rji hl {aj wcmj ghlgju{w {ac{ crj zwjkwzggjwwfzii fhr whbi obhrjmjkbc{bhl clk urhobh{bg zwcdj bl {aj clbmci blkzw{r,

Urhobh{bgw wzga cw {aj Drcm uhwb{bvjOcgbiizw hffjr cl ci{jrlc{bvj {h cl{bobh{bg {ajrcufhr wzw{cblcoij cszcgzi{zrj, Ocgbiizw wujgbjw crj ghmmhli fhzlk bl mcrblj wjkbmjl{w clk{ajrjfhrj crj lc{zrcii bldjw{jk o clbmciw wzga cw warbmuw {ac{ fjjk bl hr hl {aj wjkbmjl{,Cl ckvcl{cdj hf zwbldOcgbiizw wujgbjw bw {ac{ {aj crj zlib`ji {h zwj djljw fhr cl{bobh{bgrjwbw{clgj hr vbrzijlgj frhm {aj vborbhw hr rjic{jk Drcm ljdc{bvj ocg{jrbc, [ajrj crjocrrbjrw c{ {aj {rclwgrbu{bhlci clk {rclwic{bhlci ijvjiw {h {aj jqurjwwbhl hf djljw frhmuicwmbk) uacdj clk garhmhwhmci KLC hfJ, ghib blO, wzo{bibw P2],

Urhobh{bg Cuuibgc{bhlw bl Cszcgzi{zrj

Ocg{jrbci wujgbjw ghmuhwb{bhl bl warbmu uhlkw) tabga crj icrdj tc{jr ohkbjw zu {h cajg{crj hr mhrj bl wb~j) ac{gajr {cl`w clk warbmu dz{w gcl jcwbi oj gacldjk clk {azw


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rjwzi{ bl cl bmurhvjmjl{ bl warbmu urhkzg{bhl, Bl ucr{bgzicr) izmblhzw Vborbh gcl ojghl{rhiijk bl {abw mclljr, [h m `lhtijkdj) {ajrj acw lh{ ojjl cl rbdhrhzw w{zk mckjhfVborbh uhuzic{bhlw bl warbmu hl fcrmw) bl rjic{bhl {h cl{bobh{bg hr urhobh{bg zwcdj, [azw{aj kc{c rjfjrrjk {h ajrj crj dbvjl cw jqcmuijw hf tac{ acw ojjl howjrvjk) oz{ {ajghlgizwbhlw ljjk {h oj wzow{cl{bc{jk,

Cl jqcmuij bw {aj Vbvjrhw fcrm bl Ljdrhw) tajrj ihwwjw frhm izmblhzw Vborbh ack ojjlgc{cw{rhuabg) jvjl {ahzda cl{bobh{bgw tjrj zwjk bl {aj fjjk clk dcvj urh{jg{bhl whmj hf {aj{bmj, Izmblhzw Vborbh cozlkclgj bl {aj uhlk tc{jrw hf {ac{ rjdbhl tjrj hf{jl cw abda cw357 {h 35; ujr mi tb{abl ? - 7 tjj`w hf fbiibld clk fjr{bib~bld uhlkw, Ahtjvjr) tajl {ajurhobh{bg ocg{jrbc tjrj zwjk) lh kbwjcwj tcw jqujrbjlgjk clk blkjjk wzrvbvci tcw vjrabda !15-355*") jvjl bl {aj urjwjlgj hf izmblhzw Vborbh wujgbjw ![coijw 3) ?" P6],

[coij 3, Warbmu urhkzg{bhl hl c fcrm bl Ljdrhw) [aj Uabibuubljw) tb{a Obhmclcdjmjl{Ww{jmw urhobh{bg ocg{jrbci {jgalhihd) ghmucrjk {h ghl{rhiw tb{a cl{bobh{bgw Pkc{c frhmmcl h{ajr ghl{rhi uhlkw {ac{ ghiicuwjk cf{jr 75-65 kcw crj lh{ wahtl], Uhlkw tjrjacrvjw{jk bl Kjgjmojr 3226(Nclzcr 3224, Cii warbmuw kbjk hvjrlbda{ bl uhlk 6 frhm

vborbhwbw) tabga tcw c ghlwbkjrcoij ihww c{ 3?5 kcw hf gzi{zrj,OMW Uhlkw Ghl{rhi Uhlkw

Uhlk ' 3 ? 7 ; : 6

W{hg`bld> L(m? 75 3: 75 7? 7? 7?

Kcw hf Gzi{zrj 32: 312 326 31? 325 3?5Wzrvbvci !*" 11 355 355 64 47 5Acrvjw{ !{hllj(ac" 4,? :,; 1,6 6,: 6,1 5

[coij ?, Wjghlk grhu frhm c fcrm bl Ljdrhw !w{hg`jk Curbi 3224) acrvjw{jk Wju{jmojr" bl: hf {aj uhlkw rjfjrrjk {h bl [coij 3 cohvj,

Uhlk ' 3 ? 7 ; :

Uhlk crjc !m?" 6755 1?55 4?55 4?55 6555

W{hg`bld> L(m? ?5 ?5 32 31 31Kcw hf Gzi{zrj 3:1 3:2 3:1 3;4 3;6Fjjk ghlvjrwbhl rc{bh 3,:; 3,6? 3,:; 3,;4 3,;6Wzrvbvci !*" 355 47 2? 13 23Acrvjw{ !{hllj(ac" 6,3 ;,2 :,7 :,5 :,3

Bl wjvjrci uhlkw bl {aj Uabibuubljw) izmblhzw Vborbh lzmojrw bl {aj ajuc{huclgrjcw hf

warbmuw fjii frhm crhzlk 3 q 35

;

ujr dz{ tajl cl{bobh{bgw tjrj zwjk bl {aj fjjk) {h ~jrhtajl urhobh{bgw tjrj cuuibjk {h {aj uhlk !Fbdzrj 3", [aj warbmu dz{ fihrc tcw hf{jlkhmblc{jk o Vborbh wujgbjw {ac{ tjrj wzgrhwj ljdc{bvj !drjjl hl [GOW cdcr" clkizmblhzw bl {aj urjwjlgj hf cl{bobh{bg {rjc{mjl{) tajrjcw wzgrhwj uhwb{bvj w{rcblw !jiihtghihlbjw" tjrj zwzcii mhrj cozlkcl{ hr jszcii cozlkcl{ tajl urhobh{bgw tjrj zwjk !Fbd,3", Mcl fcrmjrw lht rjcib~j {ac{ {aj gcllh{ whivj {aj vborbhwbw kbwjcwj urhoijm ozwbld cl{bobh{bgw,


6/7


3J+5

3J+3

3J+?

3J+7

3J+;

3J+:

3J+6

3?5 375 3;5 3:5 365 345 315

Rjiiht

Drjjl

Izmblhzw

Kcw hf Gzi{zr j

Fbd, 3, [h{ci clk izmblhzw Vborbh bl mbkdz{ !ajuc{huclgrjcw" hf warbmuw bl Uhlk ?: ) _hqcw) Uabibuubljw,Izmblhzw Vborbh tjrj hf{jl cozlkcl{ bl {aj urjwjlgj hf cl{bobh{bgw> b,j, {aj tjrj rjwbw{cl{ clk warbmumhr{cib{ tcw abda) ci{ahzda whmj{bmjw {aj tjrj wjlwb{bvj) j,d, c{ 37? Kcw hf Gzi{zrj) tajl {aj cl{bobh{bgwtjrj gacldjk, Cf{jr Kc 365) tajl {aj urhobh{bg Uhlkurh-VG tcw ckkjk kcbi {h {aj uhlk) izmblhzw Vborbhtjrj jibmblc{jk frhm {aj dz{, !Kc{c tjrj `blki wzuuibjk o CC Jqbgh) _hqcw Gb{,"

Izmblhzw Vborbh tjrj ghmuij{ji jibmblc{jk frhm {aj tc{jr ghizml clk frhm {ajwjkbmjl{ hf uhlkw bl Blkhljwbc tajl urhobh{bg w{rcblw wjijg{jk fhr {ajbr kbrjg{ blabob{hrjffjg{ tjrj zwjk P33], Bl ghl{rcw{) Vborbh lzmojrw blgrjcwjk mcr`jki frhm crhzlk ?5 {hhvjr ?55 gfz(mi bl warbmu uhlkw tajrj cl{bobh{bgw tjrj zwjk bl {aj fjjk, Wzrvbvci) clk{azw urhkzg{bhl) tcw abda bl cii uhlkw tajrj urhobh{bgw tjrj zwjk,

[ajwj kc{c waht {ac{ {aj kbwjcwj urhoijmw gcl oj hvjrghmj o cuuibld urhobh{bgobh{jgalhihd) tabga bw cl cuuibgc{bhl hf mbgrhobci jghihd, B{ mc`jw zwj hf {aj lc{zrcimjgaclbwmw o tabga ocg{jrbc ghmuj{j cdcblw{ jcga h{ajr, Bl h{ajr thrkw) warbmu fcrmjrwtah ijcrl {h fcrm mbgrhhrdclbwmw tbii oj fcr mhrj ib`ji {h cgabjvj wzggjwwfzi acrvjw{w,

Tb{a {aj rbda{ ghmoblc{bhl hf ocg{jrbc clk cjrc{ bhl) tc{jr jqgacldj gcl oj mblbmb~jkclk tc{jr gcl oj rjggijk oj{tjjl grhuw) {azw ijwwjlbld jlvbrhlmjl{ci bmucg{w clk {ajib`jibahhk hf bl{rhkzgbld uc{ahdjlw, [aj {rclwfjr hf cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgj {h azmcluc{ahdjlbg ocg{jrbc) tabga bw jqcgjroc{jk o {aj cozwj hf cl{bobh{bgw bl {aj cszcgzi{zrjblkzw{r) tbii kjgrjcwj,

_jfjrjlgjw

3, Czw{bl) O !3227" Jlvbrhlmjl{ci bwwzjw bl {aj ghl{rhi hf ocg{jrbci kbwjcwjw hf fcrmjkfbwa, Bl> Jlvbrhlmjl{ clk Cszcgzi{zrj bl Kjvjihubld Ghzl{rbjw, Uziibl) _WV,_hwjl{aci) A) Mcgijcl) NI !jkw", BGIC_M Ghlfjrjlgj Urhgjjkbldw 73, BGIC_M)Mclbic, uu ?74-?:3

?, Oc{bgckhw) MGI) Icvbiic-Ub{hdh) G_) Grz~-Icgbjrkc) J_) kj ic Ujlc) IK) Wzlc~) LC!3225" W{zkbjw hl {aj gajmbgci ghl{rhi hf izmblhzw ocg{jrbc Vborbh acrvjb clk V,wuijlkbkzw bwhic{jk frhm kbwjcwjk Ujlcjzw mhlhkhl icrvcj clk rjcrbld tc{jr, KbwCszc{ Hrd 2> 377-372


7/7


7, Acvjlccr) _) [jl Orbl`) O) Azbw bl{ Vjik) N A N !322?" Wjijg{bhl hf w{rcblw fhrurhobh{bg zwj, Bl> _, Fziijr !jk") Urhobh{bgw> {aj wgbjl{bfbg ocwbw) Gacumcl clk Acii)Ihlkhl, uu ?52-??;,

;, @rzwj) A) Wrzm) A !322;" [rclwfjr hf mzi{buij krzd rjwbw{clgj uicwmbkw oj{tjjlocg{jrbc hf kbvjrwj hrbdblw bl lc{zrci jlvbrhlmjl{w, Cuui Jlvbrhl Mbgrhobhi 65> ;53:-

;5?3:, Mhrbcr{) KNT !3224" [aj rhij hf mbgrhhrdclbwmw bl cszcgzi{zrj uhlkw, Cszcgzi{zrj3:3> 777-7;2,

6, Mhrbcr{) KNT !3221" Ghl{rhi hf izmblhzw Vborbh wujgbjw bl ujlcjbk cszcgzi{zrjuhlkw, Cszcgzi{zrj 36;> 7:3-7:1

4, Mhrbcr{) K,N,T, 3225, Bl{jrcg{bhlw hf mbgrhhrdclbwmw clk cszc{bg clbmciw)ucr{bgzicri {aj lz{rb{bhlci rhij hf {aj dz{ fihrc, Bl> _, Iwji !jk,") Mbgrhobhihd blUhjgbih{ajrmw> Urhgjjkbldw hf {aj Bl{jrlc{bhlci Wmuhwbzm hl Mbgrhobhihd blUhjgbih{ajrmw, Jiwjvbjr Wgbjlgj Uzoibwajrw) O,V, uu, ?34- ???,

1, Mzrrc) D, J,) [hobl) _, W,) Nzl`blw) O,) @zwaljr) K, N, !321;" Jffjg{ hf gaihrblc{bhlhl cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgj urhfbijw hf wjtcdj rjic{jk ocg{jrbc, Cuui Jlvbrhl Mbgrhobhi,

;1> 47-442, _coblhtb{~ NG) _hojr{w) M !3216" [rclwic{bhlci ocrrbjrw ibmb{bld jqurjwwbhl hfJ, ghibdjljw blOcgbiizw clk h{ajr Drcm-uhwb{bvj hrdclbwmw, Bl> Ijv) W,O) Lhvbg`) _,U !jkw"Oclozr _juhr{ ?;> Cl{bobh{bg _jwbw{clgj Djljw> Jghihd) [rclwfjr clk Jqurjwwbhl,Ghik Wurbld Acrohzr Icohrc{hr uu?24-73?

35,Wcijrw) C C !322:" Cl{bobh{bg rjwbw{clgj {rclwfjr bl {aj mcmmcibcl bl{jw{blci {rcg{>bmuibgc{bhlw fhr azmcl ajci{a) fhhk wcfj{ clk obh{jgalhihd, Wurbldjr-Vjricd) LjtRhr`, uu 352-376,

33,Wmb{a) V A !3227" Bmuibgc{bhlw hf rjwhzrgj-rc{bh {ajhr fhr mbgrhobci jghihd, IbmlhiHgjclhdr 71>?72-?;2,

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