discrimination and the media in the european unionec.europa.eu/.../archives/ebs/ebs_277_en.pdf ·...

Special Eurobarometer

Discrimination and the media in the European Union

Fieldwork: November – December 2006

Publication: September 2007

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This survey was requested by Directorate General Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities and coordinated by Directorate General Communication. This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

European Commission

Report

Special EUROBAROMETER 277 Media and Discrimination in the EU

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Table of contents

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 2

1. Assessment of the role of the media in fighting discrimination .......... 4

2. How can the media play a role in fighting discrimination? ................. 7

2.1. EU citizens’ opinion regarding what the media (television) could do in order to combat discrimination ................................................................... 7 2.2. The impact of having a journalist from an ethnic minority presenting television news .......................................................................................15 2.3. The impact of mentioning ethnic origin or religion in short news items..20

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 25

ANNEXES Technical note Questionnaire Tables


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INTRODUCTION The European Union is based on common values including respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.1 In 1999 the Amsterdam Treaty gave the European Community powers to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.2 In 2000, two Directives were unanimously adopted: the Racial Equality Directive, which implements the principle of equal treatment between people irrespective of racial or ethnic origin, and the Employment Equality Directive which protects people from discrimination based on religion or belief, sexual orientation and age in employment and training.3 This legislation comes in addition to the numerous laws adopted over the past 30 years to fight discrimination based on sex and to allow for equal treatment between men and women in the workplace. Despite widespread protection, discrimination still exists and further efforts are needed to ensure that the right not to be discriminated against is implemented effectively in the EU. Building upon numerous information campaigns aiming at raising awareness of the right to equal treatment and non discrimination in all EU Member States, 2007 has been designated European Year of Equal Opportunities for All. The European Year aims at making people more aware of their rights to enjoy equal treatment and a life free of discrimination, irrespective of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age and sexual orientation. It also allows for the promotion of equal opportunities for all, and launches a major debate on the benefits of diversity for European societies. Results of the recently conducted Special Eurobarometer 263 on Discrimination (2006) highlighted that a third of people living in Europe consider that the media have a role to play in combating discrimination.4 The European Commission’s Directorate-General Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities therefore commissioned a poll in order to further explore EU citizens’ position on the role of media in discrimination issues, with a particular focus on discrimination based on ethnic origin and religion, and television as a medium. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in respondents’ homes, in their national language, between 17th November and 19th December 2006. The countries surveyed were the at that time twenty-five Member States of the European Union as well as Bulgaria and Romania. The methodology used was that of the Standard Eurobarometer polls, managed by the Directorate-General Communication (“Opinion Polls and Media Monitoring” Unit). In the annex, a technical note details the interview techniques used by the institutes of the TNS Opinion & Social network, as well as levels of statistical confidence.

1 Article 6 (1) Treaty of the European Union: The Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law, principles which are common to the Member States. 2 Article 13 (1) Treaty of the European Community: Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Treaty and within the limits of the powers conferred by it upon the Community, the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament, may take appropriate action to combat discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. 3 http://www.stop-discrimination.info/index.php?id=43 4 Discrimination in the European Union; Special Eurobarometer 263, (Fieldwork June–July 2006); Published: January 2007 http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/stud/eurob07_en.pdf QA11 In your opinion, which of the following have an important role to play in combating discrimination?


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For each theme addressed in this poll, the analysis5 looks at the: • European Union as a whole; • individual countries; • socio-demographic variables where it is relevant; • systematically cross-tabulated variables of QE1 (assessment of the

importance of role of the national media in fighting discrimination) with the results for each question.

As this study has been conducted before the accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the EU, the global and socio-demographic analysis was based on the EU25 average. However, for information purposes, EU27 results are available as an annex. One should bear in mind that these are purely indicative as the impact of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania on results could not be anticipated; the reader should also be aware of the fact that the weight of the Romanian and Bulgarian results in the EU27 average is about 6.3% and that almost three quarters of these 6.3% are coming from the Romanian results only. In other words, the difference between EU25 average and EU27 is statistically limited. The recently published6 Special Eurobarometer 263 on Discrimination (2006) which looks at discrimination in general will be referred to with regard to certain questions in order to provide readers with some context to the issues.

5 In some cases, due to the rounding of figures, displayed sums can show a difference of one point from the sum of the individual cells. It should also be noted that the total percentages shown in the tables of this report may exceed 100% where the respondent is allowed to give several answers to a particular question. 6 Discrimination in the European Union; Special Eurobarometer 263, (Fieldwork June–July 2006); Published: January 2007 http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/stud/eurob07_en.pdf


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1. Assessment of the role of the media in fighting discrimination -EU citizens attach an important role to the media in fighting discrimination- The Special Eurobarometer 263 on Discrimination (2006) has shown that – when asked to say which actors, from a list of 13, have a role to play in fighting discrimination - EU citizens cite the media (34%) in third place on average, after educational institutes (42%) and parents (40%)7. This suggests that Europeans regard the media as having an important role to play in this respect. Questionnaire source: QE18 This new survey started by asking people if, in their opinion, media in their country have a role to play in fighting discrimination. Almost eight in ten respondents (79%) EU-wide consider that national media have an important role to play in fighting discrimination. Amongst this 79%, 36 % consider the role of the media to be very important and 43% regard it as fairly important.

7 Discrimination in the European Union; Special Eurobarometer 263 (pg. 26): QA11 In your opinion, which of the following have an important role to play in combating discrimination? 8 QE1 In your opinion, do the (NATIONALITY) media have a role to play in fighting discrimination?


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Turning now to individual country results, it appears that in all Member States of the European Union the vast majority of the population regard the role of the national media in combating discrimination to be important. The largest majorities are found in Sweden (91%) and Denmark (87%) with 55% and 56% respectively saying its role is very important. Estonia (51%), Latvia (61%) and Romania (65%) are found at the other end of the spectrum; yet even in these countries it is still the case that considerable majorities regard the role of the media in fighting discrimination to be significant.


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In socio–demographic terms, education, occupation and respondents’ place of birth seem to have a bearing on the answers. Those with higher educational levels and managers are more likely to find the media’s function important to fight discrimination. The same holds true for interviewees born outside Europe. Gender of respondent does not influence opinions about the media’s role in fighting discrimination.

QE1 In your opinion, do the (NATIONALITY) media have a role to play in fighting discrimination?

Important Not

important DK

EU25 79% 15% 6%

Sex

Male 78% 16% 6%

Female 78% 15% 7%

Education (End of)

15 73% 16% 11%

16-19 79% 16% 5%

20+ 85% 12% 3%

Still Studying 81% 13% 6%

Respondent occupation scale

Self-employed 79% 16% 5%

Managers 85% 12% 3%

Other white collars 82% 15% 3%

Manual workers 80% 15% 5%

House persons 74% 17% 9%

Unemployed 79% 15% 6%

Retired 74% 16% 10%

Students 81% 13% 6%

Place of birth*) Surveyed country 79% 15% 6%

EU 79% 12% 9%

Europe outside EU 81% 10% 9%

Outside Europe 86% 7% 7%

*) It should be noted that due to the small basis of respondents in category “place of birth”, figures in this category should be analysed with care.


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2. How can the media play a role in fighting discrimination? As we have seen in the previous chapter, European public opinion considers that the media plays a significant role in discrimination issues. In this chapter we will have a closer look at the nature of this influence. 2.1. EU citizens’ opinion regarding what the media (television) could do in order to combat discrimination

- Broad support for measures the media could undertake against discrimination -

Questionnaire source: QE29 The survey suggested three ways the media could participate in fighting against unequal treatment with a somewhat stronger focus on discrimination based on ethnic origin10 and religion; all of them received firmly positive feedback from EU citizens. Due to the limited number of questions asked and the fact that television is the most popular medium, the proposals tend to concentrate on television. The first measure offered to broadcast more reports or documentaries on discrimination. It was met with 73 % of favourable opinions. In the second proposal, people were asked whether they would be in favour or opposed to more drama (films or TV films) being broadcast featuring people of ethnic or religious minorities. With 64 % of people in favour, this proposal received somewhat less support than the other two. The third practical measure, proposing opening up of more access for ethnic minorities to certain professions such as television journalists, was endorsed by 67% of respondents. With regard to each of these measures, only a marginal proportion of Europeans answered spontaneously that it is not the role of the media to fight discrimination.

9 QE2 Please tell me whether you would be in favour or opposed to the following things which the (NATIONALITY) media could do in order to fight discrimination? 1. Broadcast more reports or documentaries dealing with the issue of discrimination. 2. Broadcast more drama (films or TV films) featuring people of ethnic (for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin) or religious minorities. 3. Implementing measures in order to make certain professions, for example television journalists, more accessible to ethnic (for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin) minorities. 10 The Special Eurobarometer 263 on Discrimination (2006) suggested that 64% of EU citizens perceive discrimination on the basis of ethnic origin to be widespread in their country. Discrimination in the European Union; Special Eurobarometer 263 (pg. 40): http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/stud/eurob07_en.pdf


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QE2 Please tell me whether you would be in favour or opposed to the following things which the (NATIONALITY) media could do in order to fight discrimination?

EU25

73%

64%

67%

17%

24%

19% 9%

4%

5%

5%

7%

6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Broadcast more reports ordocumentaries dealing with the

issue of discrimination

Broadcast more drama (films or TVfilms) featuring people of ethnic (forexample people of African, Arabic,

Asian, etc. origin) or religiousminorities

Implementing measures in order tomake certain professions, for

example television journalists, moreaccessible to ethnic (for examplepeople of African, Arabic, Asian,

etc. origin) minorities

In favour Opposed It’s not the role of the media to fight discrimination (SPONTANEOUS) DK

In all countries, a majority of the population is in favour of all three proposals described above. However, the level of this support varies considerably among countries. Country results and socio-demographic figures show some similarities when looking at all three proposals asked: In the top-five of the country scale for all three proposals, we find Finland and Luxembourg. These are countries where respondents appear to be most favourable towards measures that the media could take in order to combat discrimination. In contrast, citizens in Austria, Estonia and Latvia are the least favourable. Socio-demographic analysis reveals that younger respondents, the most educated interviewees, students, managers and other white collar employees are more supportive of the suggested measures. Furthermore, those with left-wing political views, inhabitants of large towns and respondents who were born, or have parents who were born, outside the EU or outside the European continent support the suggested measures to a greater extent11. Those who believe the media plays an important role when it comes to discrimination also support anti-discrimination measures in the media. In the following pages we will look at detailed results for each of three proposals.

11 It should be noted that due to the small basis of respondents in categories of “place of birth” and “place of parents’ birth” figures in these categories should be analysed with care.


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Questionnaire source: QE2.1 In all countries surveyed the majority would favour broadcasting more reports or documentaries dealing with discrimination. Support ranges from 55% in Austria to 86% in Luxembourg, Sweden and Malta.


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The most eye-catching socio-demographic finding of this question is that more than four in five respondents aged 15-24 are of the opinion, that the national media could contribute to fighting unequal treatment by broadcasting more reports and documentaries dealing with discrimination. QE2.1 Please tell me whether you would be in favour or opposed to the following things which the (NATIONALITY) media could do in order to fight discrimination? Broadcast more reports or documentaries dealing with the issue of

discrimination

In favour Opposed

In favour Opposed

EU25 73% 17% EU25 73% 17%

Sex Place of birth*)

Male 73% 18% Surveyed country 73% 18%

Female 74% 16% EU 76% 15%

Age Europe outside EU 81% 8%

15-24 81% 12% Outside Europe 79% 9%

25-39 77% 16% Parents' birth*)

40-54 75% 17% 2 born country 73% 18%

55 + 66% 20% 1 country EU 72% 20%

Education (End of) 2 EU 75% 16%

15 67% 19% At least 1 outside EU 80% 10%

16-19 73% 18% Left-Right scale

20+ 78% 16% (1-4) Left 79% 15%

Still Studying 81% 13% (5-6) Centre 75% 17%


(7-10) Right 67% 25%

Self-employed 69% 20% Role to play by the media

Managers 78% 17% Important 80% 15%

Other white collars 78% 16% Unimportant 50% 33%

Manual workers 75% 17%

House persons 69% 16% Unemployed 76% 14% Retired 65% 21%

Students 81% 13% *) It should be noted, that due to the small basis of respondents in categories of “place of birth” and “place of parents’ birth”, figures in these categories should be analysed with care.


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Questionnaire source: QE2.2 The idea of contributing to fighting discrimination by broadcasting more drama featuring people of ethnic or religious minorities enjoys the highest support in Finland with 73% holding this view. Respondents are the most divided on this question in Latvia, where 45% would be in favour of presenting more drama featuring people of ethnic or religious minorities, whereas 39% would oppose this.


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In socio-demographic terms, the proposal of broadcasting more drama with actors belonging to ethnic or religious minorities is the most popular among young respondents (71%) and, linked to this, students (73%). Those educated to the age of 20 or above (69%) are also more likely to favour the proposal than those who finished their education at the age of 15 or earlier (56%).

QE2.2 Please tell me whether you would be in favour or opposed to the following things which the (NATIONALITY) media could do in order to fight discrimination? Broadcast more drama (films or TV films) featuring people of ethnic

(for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin) or religious minorities

In favour Opposed In favour Opposed

EU25 64% 24% EU25 64% 24%



Female 65% 23% EU 67% 20%


15-24 71% 20% Outside Europe 73% 14%


40-54 66% 24% 2 born country 64% 25%

55 + 57% 28% 1 country EU 64% 28%




20+ 69% 22% (1-4) Left 73% 19%



(7-10) Right 56% 34%








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Questionnaire source: QE2.3 67% of EU citizens would favour measures making certain professions such as television journalists more accessible for ethnic minorities. Finland and Luxembourg head the country rankings again with 78% and 73% respectively saying they would be in favour of implementing such measures. In order to place this question in a wider context, it is interesting to mention some results from the Special Eurobarometer 263 on Discrimination (2006). It highlighted that 58% of Europeans surveyed thought that a person from a different ethnic origin would be less likely to get a job, be accepted for training or be promoted than others12. Moreover, 70% claimed to be in favour of specific measures providing equal opportunities in the workplace on the basis of ethnic origin13. It is therefore not surprising that 67% of EU citizens would favour measures making certain professions such as television journalists more accessible for ethnic minorities in the media.

12 Discrimination in the European Union; Special Eurobarometer 263 (pg. 18): QA7 Would you say that, with equivalent qualifications or diplomas, the following people would be less likely, as likely or more likely than others to get a job, be accepted for training or be promoted? 6. A person of different ethnic origin than the rest of the population http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/stud/eurob07_en.pdf 13 Discrimination in the European Union; Special Eurobarometer 263 (pg. 20): QA9 Would you be in favour of or opposed to specific measures being adopted to provide equal opportunities for everyone in the field of employment? Specific measures for people depending on their… 1. Ethnic origin http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/stud/eurob07_en.pdf


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In socio-demographic terms, we see the same pattern as for the previous proposal: the younger the respondent and the higher the level of their education, the more they are to be supportive of implementing measures in order to make certain professions such as television journalism more accessible to ethnic minorities.

QE2.3 Please tell me whether you would be in favour or opposed to the following things which the (NATIONALITY) media could do in order to fight discrimination? Implementing measures in order to make certain professions, for example television journalists, more accessible to ethnic (for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin)

minorities

In favour Opposed In favour Opposed

EU25 67% 19% EU25 67% 19%



Female 67% 19% EU 72% 16%


15-24 76% 14% Outside Europe 78% 8%


40-54 68% 19% 2 born country 67% 20%

55 + 60% 23% 1 country EU 69% 22%




20+ 73% 17% (1-4) Left 76% 15%



(7-10) Right 59% 29%








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2.2. The impact of having a journalist from an ethnic minority presenting television news

- The ethnic origin of news readers would not influence viewers’ choice of channel in the EU -

Questionnaire source: QE314 This question looked at the potential impact of a journalist from an ethnic minority group presenting news on TV. Around three quarters of EU citizens (74%) claim they would not be influenced in their choice of television channel if news on a particular channel were to be presented by a journalist of an ethnic minority. 21% of respondents declare that this would matter to them one way or the other, with 10% saying they would rather watch news on this channel and 11% saying it would make them rather watch news on another channel.

Compared to the 65% recorded in the ten new Member States which joined the EU in 2004 and the aggregated average of Bulgaria and Romania (63%), a higher share of respondents in the EU15 (75%) say the ethnic origin of the TV journalist presenting the news would not influence their choice of channel. On the other hand, there are slightly more respondents in the ten new Member States (15%) than in the EU15 (10%) who say they would rather watch TV news on a channel where the news reader is of an ethnic minority. At the same time, the proportion of respondents indicating they would rather watch another TV channel if news were presented by a journalist of an ethnic minority is also slightly higher in the ten new Member States (13%) than in the EU15 (10%).

14 QE3 If on a (NATIONALITY) television channel, the televised news was presented by a journalist of an ethnic minority, would this make you…?


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In all Member States of the European Union the majority of citizens reported that the ethnic origin of the news reader would not affect their preference of TV channel for news. Figures vary though from 90% in the Netherlands to 51% in Austria. Public opinion in Austria and Greece seems to be the most reactive to the ethnic origin of a TV journalist: the ethnic origin of a news reader would impact the choice of TV channel for 41% of respondents; with 20% Austrians and 17% of Greeks saying they would rather watch news on a channel where the journalist is from an ethnic minority and 21% and 24% respectively saying they would rather switch to another channel in such case. 20% of Hungarians and Poles responded that they would rather watch a channel on which a journalist from a different ethnic origin presents the news. This figure is twice as high as the EU average of 10%. On the other hand, 24% of Maltese and Greeks as well as 20% of Bulgarians compared to the EU average of 11% say that were TV news to be presented by a journalist of an ethnic minority, they would rather watch news on another channel.


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In addition to observing to what extent a journalist of an ethnic minority presenting the news would impact the television-watching habits of respondents, it is also interesting to examine results by country with regard to the direction of this impact: whether it makes citizens more likely to watch the channel with a journalist of an ethnic minority or to switch to another channel. The table below presents the difference by country between the segment of the poll that would rather watch the news on a channel with a journalist of an ethnic minority and those that would rather watch another channel. A positive difference means that the impact is likely to be towards watching a channel with a journalist of an ethnic minority and a negative difference implies a higher likelihood of switching to another channel.

QE3 If on a (NATIONALITY) television channel, the televised news were presented by a journalist of an ethnic minority, would this make you…?

Country TOTAL

Has an impact

Rather want to watch the

televised news on this channel


televised news on another channel

Difference

IE 27% 19% 8% 11 PL 32% 20% 12% 8 HU 35% 20% 15% 5

FR 14% 9% 5% 4 LU 20% 12% 8% 4 EE 25% 14% 11% 3 DK 11% 6% 5% 1 UK 11% 6% 5% 1 DE 24% 12% 12% 0 FI 22% 11% 11% 0 AT 41% 20% 21% -1

EU25 21% 10% 11% -1 ES 13% 6% 7% -1 PT 8% 3% 5% -2

BE 23% 10% 13% -3

NL 9% 3% 6% -3

SE 14% 5% 9% -4

IT 31% 13% 18% -5

SK 17% 6% 11% -5

SI 12% 3% 9% -6

EL 41% 17% 24% -7

CZ 17% 5% 12% -7

LV 23% 8% 15% -7

LT 29% 10% 19% -9

MT 34% 10% 24% -14 CY 22% 3% 19% -16 RO 27% 15% 12% 3 BG 28% 8% 20% -12

In some countries there is a significant difference (of at least 10 percentage points) between the two groups of respondents: In Cyprus (-16 points), Malta (-14 points) and Bulgaria (-12 points) the proportion of those claiming they would rather watch another channel considerably exceeds the share of those declaring the opposite. Meanwhile, in Ireland (+11 points) the number of respondents saying they would prefer to watch news on a channel where the news reader is from a different ethnic origin is significantly higher, than the number of those would react the opposite way.


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A socio-demographic analysis shows noteworthy differences, although most respondents in all observed groups claimed the ethnic origin of the news reader would not influence their choice of TV channel. Interviewees who finished their full time education at age 20 or above and managers are more often of the opinion that the ethnic origin of the journalist presenting TV news would not influence their choice of TV channel. Elderly, retired persons, respondents leaving school by age 15, interviewees who regard the role of media as unimportant in tackling discrimination and opponents of measures enabling more access for ethnic minorities to certain professions tend to say more often they would prefer to switch channel should a journalist of ethnic minority present TV news.



televised news on this channel


televised news on another

channel

Would not have any influence

whatsoever on your choice of

channel for watching the

televised news

EU25 10% 11% 74%

Sex

Male 10% 11% 73%

Female 11% 10% 74%

Education (End of)

15 11% 15% 66%

16-19 11% 11% 74%

20+ 9% 7% 81%

Still Studying 12% 8% 74%


Self-employed 9% 11% 73%

Managers 8% 8% 80%

Other white collars 9% 9% 78%

Manual workers 11% 10% 75%

House persons 12% 10% 71%

Unemployed 13% 9% 73%

Retired 11% 14% 68%

Students 12% 8% 74%

Left-Right scale

(1-4) Left 11% 8% 78%

(5-6) Centre 10% 10% 76%

(7-10) Right 10% 16% 70%

Role to play by the media

Important 12% 9% 76%

Unimportant 7% 16% 69%


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QE2.3 Implementing measures in order to

make certain professions, for example television journalists, more accessible to ethnic

minorities

QE3 If on a (NATIONALITY) television channel, the televised news was presented by a journalist of an ethnic minority, would this make you…?

In favour Opposed

Rather want to watch the televised

news on this channel

Rather want to watch the televised

news on another channel

Would not have any influence

whatsoever on your choice of channel for

watching the televised news

Television journalist of ethnic minority Make professions accessible to ethnic minorities

Watch this channel 84% 10% In favour 13% 7% 78%

Watch another channel 45% 45% Opposed 5% 25% 63%

No influence 71% 17% A cross-tabulation between questions on Europeans’ attitude towards news readers from an ethnic minority and the question of providing more access to certain professions such as TV journalists for ethnic minorities shows significant differences among respondent groups: Those declaring they would rather watch a television channel because a journalist of an ethnic minority is presenting the news are more in favour of measures enabling more access to people from ethnic minorities to media professions (84% against 10% those who are opposed). On the other hand, those saying they prefer to watch another channel in this case, are extremely divided: 45% of them would support and 45% would oppose measures favouring access of ethnic minorities to TV journalism.


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2.3. The impact of mentioning ethnic origin or religion in short news items

- European Union citizens feel the way media presents information contributes to tensions among communities of the society -

The Special Eurobarometer 263 on Discrimination (2006) suggested that 64% of EU citizens perceive discrimination on the basis of ethnic origin to be widespread in their country15. This chapter will explore Europeans’ opinion on how the media influences discrimination issues when mentioning people’s ethnic origin or religion. Questionnaire source: QE416 Respondents were asked to react to the following statement:

“Some people say that the way the (NATIONALITY) media present information contributes to the creation of tensions between the different communities in (OUR COUNTRY), for example when the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question in short news items is mentioned. Do you personally agree or disagree with this opinion? Across the European Union, around six in ten respondents (62%) believes that the media contributes to creating tensions between different communities for example by mentioning people’s ethnic origin or religion in short news items. Slightly over a quarter (27%) holds the opposite view while 11% had no opinion on the subject.

15 Discrimination in the European Union; Special Eurobarometer 263 (pg. 40): QA1 For each of the following types of discrimination, could you please tell me whether, in your opinion, it is very widespread, fairly widespread, fairly rare or very rare in (OUR COUNTRY)? Discrimination on the basis of…1. Ethnic origin http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/pubst/stud/eurob07_en.pdf 16 QE4 Some people say that the way the (NATIONALITY) media present information contributes to the creation of tensions between the different communities in (OUR COUNTRY), for example when the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question in short news items is mentioned. Do you personally agree or disagree with this opinion?


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When comparing the results of the 10 new Member States which joined the EU in 2004 (50%) or the average in Bulgaria and Romania (44%) with results of the EU15, we see that a significantly larger share of citizens in the old Member States (63%) has the impression that the way media presents information contributes to tensions between groups in their country. The highest percentages of people agreeing (totally or somewhat) with this statement are found in the Netherlands (75%), Denmark (74%), Greece (72%) and France (71%). It should also be noted that more than one in three respondents in France (35%) and in the Netherlands (34%) replied “totally agree” to this question. Looking at the outcome of the Special Eurobarometer 263 on Discrimination (2006), it is in the Netherlands (83%), France (80%), Denmark (79%) and Greece (76%) that we find the highest number of people who think that discrimination on the basis of ethnic origin is widespread in their country (EU average regarding this question: 64%). At the other side of the spectrum, a relative majority of Czechs (48% vs. 45%) and Luxembourgers (46% vs. 43%) doubt that the way media present information contributes to creating tensions between the different communities. It is, however, worth recalling that, in both countries, three in four respondents regard the role of the media as important to fight discrimination (Czech Republic 75% and Luxembourg 77%).

People with left-wing political views and those considering the role of the media to be important in discrimination issues (65% both) are more inclined to think that the way media present information contributes to creating tensions than respondents with right-wing political views (59%) or those who regard the media’s role to be unimportant (56%).


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Questionnaire source: QE517 The next question concentrated on the reporting of the ethnicity or religion of people involved in short news items. Respondents were asked whether they thought that this is justified or not. European public opinion appears divided on this issue: 50% consider it to be justified; meanwhile 39% think it is unjustified. An additional 11% could not form an opinion on this matter.

There are considerable discrepancies among country results. A country-by-country analysis suggests that more than 6 in 10 respondents in Germany (63%), the Czech Republic (63%) and Hungary (61%) believe it is justified to mention the ethnic origin or religion of people in short news items. In contrast, two thirds of French respondents (65%) regard such mentions in short news items not to be justified. This opinion is also shared by a majority of respondents in Luxembourg (51%), Slovakia (50%) and Latvia (48%).

17 QE5 When it comes to short news items, the (NATIONALITY) media may mention the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question. Do you personally think that this is justified or not justified?


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There is no clear link between citizens’ attitudes to the previous and the current question: In France, we have seen that people believe that mentioning the ethnic origin of people in short news items contributes to tensions between communities, and they also consider it not justified to mention the ethnic origin or religion of people in short news items. By contrast, in the Czech Republic, a relative majority of citizens think the way the media present information does not contribute to tensions and that it is justified to mention the ethnic origin of people in short news items. However, in Slovakia and in Luxembourg a great share of respondents believe mentioning the ethnic origin of people does not contribute to tensions, but they still do think it is not justified to mention the ethnic origin of people in short news items.


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Cross-tabulations at the European level show a balanced outcome: there is virtually no difference between the opinions of those who believe that the media contributes to creating tensions among communities by mentioning people’s ethnic origin and those who do not. Similarly there is no difference between the opinions those considering remarks on ethnic origin in short news items to be justified and those do not, when they asses the impact of such comments.

QE4 Some people say that the way the (NATIONALITY) media present information contributes to the creation of tensions between the different communities in (OUR COUNTRY), for example when the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question in short news items is mentioned. Do you personally agree or disagree with this opinion?

QE5 When it comes to short news items, the (NATIONALITY) media may mention the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question. Do you personally think that this is justified or not justified?

Agree Disagree Justified Not justified

EU25 62% 27% EU25 50% 39%

Media mention ethnic origin Media contributes to tensions between different communities

Justified 66% 29% Agree 54% 41%

Not justified 66% 29% Disagree 54% 40%


25

CONCLUSION Results presented in this Special Eurobarometer Report are based on a survey carried out in all Member States of the European Union18. Nearly 27 000 respondents were interviewed face-to-face at their homes in their national languages. The methodology used was that of the Standard Eurobarometer polls managed by the European Commission's Communication Directorate-General (“Public opinion and media monitoring” Unit).19 The survey explored citizen's position on the role of media in discrimination issues, with a particular focus on discrimination based on ethnic origin and religion, and television as a medium. Perhaps the most remarkable finding of the survey is that the vast majority of EU citizens consider the role of the media in fighting discrimination to be important (79%). Regarding concrete steps the media, and television in particular, could take in order to fight unequal treatment, European public opinion favours all three proposals put forward in the survey: they agreed most with the suggestion to broadcast more reports or documentaries dealing with discrimination (73%). 67 % of people were in favour of introducing measures to make certain professions such as television journalism more accessible to ethnic minorities, making this proposal the second most favoured option. Finally, 64% of Europeans were in favour of broadcasting more drama (films or TV films) featuring people from ethnic minorities. The youngest respondents, the better educated and people with left-wing political views seem to attach greater importance to fighting discrimination using the media. The survey also examined whether the ethnic origin of a journalist presenting the news would have an impact on citizens’ choice of a TV channel. The outcome of the poll reveals that for around three quarters of viewers the ethnic origin of the news reader would not influence their choice of news channel (74%). Finally, questions were asked as to the influence of the media in contributing to creating tensions between different communities. On average, 62% of EU citizens think that the way in which the media presents information contributes to tensions between communities, for example when the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in short news items is mentioned. Yet, when asked if they thought it justified to mention the ethnic origin or religion of people in short news items, 50% of respondents considered this to be justified, while 39 % thought this was not. The main conclusion of this survey is that the media is widely considered to play an important role in fighting discrimination. Its ability to influence people’s attitude is recognised by EU citizens who seem to be ready to desire to have people from ethnic minorities featuring on TV, either in films or when presenting the news.

18 As the fieldwork of this study took place at the end of 2006, i.e. before the accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the EU, for methodological reasons global and socio-demographic analysis is based on the EU25 average. 19 In the technical note, annexed to the report, details of the interview techniques used by the institutes of the TNS Opinion & Social network as well as the survey’s confidence levels are shown.

ANNEXES

Technical specifications

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N°277 “Media and discrimination”

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Between the 17th of November and the 19th of December 2006, TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between Taylor Nelson Sofres and EOS Gallup Europe, carried out wave 66.3 of the EUROBAROMETER, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate General Communication, “Public Opinion and Media Monitoring”. The SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N°277 is part of wave 66.3 and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N°277 has also been conducted in the two acceding countries (Bulgaria and Romania). In these countries, the survey covers the national population of citizens of the respective nationalities and the population of citizens of all the European Union Member States that are residents in those countries and have a sufficient command of one of the respective national language(s) to answer the questionnaire. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density. In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.

ABBREVIATIONS COUNTRIES INSTITUTES N° INTERVIEWS

FIELDWORK DATES

POPULATION15+

BE Belgium TNS Dimarso 1.009 18/11/2006 11/12/2006 8.650.994CZ Czech Rep. TNS Aisa 1.150 23/11/2006 11/12/2006 8.571.710DK Denmark TNS Gallup DK 1.037 19/11/2006 19/12/2006 4.411.580DE Germany TNS Infratest 1.504 18/11/2006 11/12/2006 64.361.608EE Estonia Emor 1.000 21/11/2006 15/12/2006 887.094EL Greece TNS ICAP 1.000 17/11/2006 14/12/2006 8.693.566ES Spain TNS Demoscopia 1.000 21/11/2006 15/12/2006 37.024.972FR France TNS Sofres 1.012 17/11/2006 15/12/2006 44.010.619IE Ireland TNS MRBI 1.000 21/11/2006 19/12/2006 3.089.775IT Italy TNS Abacus 1.038 18/11/2006 13/12/2006 48.892.559CY Rep. of Cyprus Synovate 504 18/11/2006 12/12/2006 596.752LV Latvia TNS Latvia 1.019 24/11/2006 14/12/2006 1.418.596LT Lithuania TNS Gallup Lithuania 1.025 18/11/2006 12/12/2006 2.803.661LU Luxembourg TNS ILReS 502 17/11/2006 13/12/2006 374.097HU Hungary TNS Hungary 1.000 22/11/2006 10/12/2006 8.503.379MT Malta MISCO 500 17/11/2006 11/12/2006 321.114NL Netherlands TNS NIPO 1.020 17/11/2006 15/12/2006 13.030.000AT Austria Österreichisches Gallup-Institut 1.029 17/11/2006 10/12/2006 6.848.736PL Poland TNS OBOP 1.000 23/11/2006 12/12/2006 31.967.880PT Portugal TNS EUROTESTE 1.004 24/11/2006 15/12/2006 8.080.915SI Slovenia RM PLUS 1.019 17/11/2006 10/12/2006 1.720.137SK Slovakia TNS AISA SK 1.003 20/11/2006 05/12/2006 4.316.438FI Finland TNS Gallup Oy 1.028 17/11/2006 14/12/2006 4.348.676SE Sweden TNS GALLUP 1.014 18/11/2006 15/12/2006 7.486.976UK United Kingdom TNS UK 1.315 17/11/2006 13/12/2006 47.685.578BG Bulgaria TNS BBSS 1.023 19/11/2006 30/11/2006 6.671.699RO Romania TNS CSOP 1.000 19/11/2006 14/12/2006 18.173.179

TOTAL 26.755 17/11/2006 19/12/2006 392.942.290

For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed above. Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:

Observed percentages 10% or 90% 20% or 80% 30% or 70% 40% or 60% 50%

Confidence limits ± 1.9 points ± 2.5 points ± 2.7 points ± 3.0 points ± 3.1 points

Questionnaire

A A(101-105) (101-105)

B B(106-107) (106-107)

C C(108-110) (108-110)

D D(111-116) (111-116)

notre numéro d'étude

EB66.2 C

numéro de l'interview

EB66.2 D

votre numéro d'étude

EB66.2 A

code pays

EB66.2 B

our survey number

EB66.2 C

Interview number

EB66.2 D

your survey number

EB66.2 A

country code

EB66.2 B

BilingualQuestionnaireEB663 1/85 29/11/2006

Q1 Q1

(117-148) (117-148)1, 1,2, 2,3, 3,4, 4,5, 5,6, 6,7, 7,8, 8,9, 9,

10, 10,11, 11,12, 12,13, 13,14, 14,15, 15,16, 16,17, 17,18, 18,19, 19,20, 20,21, 21,22, 22,23, 23,24, 24,25, 25,26, 26,27, 27,28, 28,29, 29,30, 30,31, 31,32, 32,

Chypre (Communauté Turque Chypriote)Autre paysNSP

BulgarieRoumanieTurquieCroatie

MaltePologneSlovaquieSlovénie

EstonieHongrieLettonieLituanie

SuèdeFinlandeRépublique de ChypreRépublique tchèque

Pays-Bas PortugalRoyaume-Uni (Grande Bretagne, Irlande du Nord)Autriche

FranceIrlandeItalieLuxembourg

DanemarkAllemagneGrèceEspagne

POSER ITEM 29 UNIQUEMENT EN COMMUNAUTE TURQUE CHYPRIOTE

Quelle est votre nationalité ? Veuillez indiquer le(s) pays qui s'applique(nt).

(PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)

Belgique

POSER ITEM 26 UNIQUEMENT EN BULGARIE

POSER ITEM 27 UNIQUEMENT EN ROUMANIE

POSER ITEM 28 UNIQUEMENT EN TURQUIE

POSER ITEM 28 UNIQUEMENT EN CROATIE

Cyprus (Turkish Cypriot Community)Other countriesDK

BulgariaRomaniaTurkeyCroatia

MaltaPolandSlovakiaSlovenia

EstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuania

SwedenFinlandRepublic of CyprusCzech Republic

Netherlands PortugalUnited Kingdom (Great Britain, Northern Ireland)Austria

FranceIrelandItalyLuxembourg

DenmarkGermanyGreeceSpain

ASK ITEM 29 ONLY IN TURKISH CYPRIOT COMMUNITY

What is your nationality? Please tell me the country(ies) that applies(y).

(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

Belgium

ASK ITEM 26 ONLY IN BULGARIA

ASK ITEM 27 ONLY IN ROMANIA

ASK ITEM 28 ONLY IN TURKEY

ASK ITEM 28 ONLY IN CROATIA


QE1 QE1

(643) (643)1 12 23 34 45 5

Un rôle pas très importantPas de rôle du toutNSP

NEW

D’après vous, les médias (NATIONALITE) ont-ils un rôle à jouer pour combattre les discriminations ?

(LIRE)

Un rôle très importantUn rôle assez important

Parlons d'un autre sujet.

Not a very important roleNo role at allDK

NEW

In your opinion, do the (NATIONALITY) media have a role to play in fighting discrimination?

(READ OUT)

A very important roleA fairly important role

Let's move on to another topic


QE2 QE2

Very in

favour

Somewhat in favour

Somewhat

opposed

Very opposed

It’s not the role of

the media to fight discrimination (SPONTANEOUS

DK Très favorable

Plutôt

favorable

Plutôt

défavorable

Très défavorable

Ce n’est pas le

rôle des médias de

combattre les discrimination

s (SPONTANE

)

NSP

(644)1 1 2 3 4 5 6

(644)1 1 2 3 4 5 6

(645)

2 1 2 3 4 5 6

(645)

2 1 2 3 4 5 6

(646)

3 1 2 3 4 5 6

(646)

3 1 2 3 4 5 6

Diffuser plus de reportages ou de documentaires qui traitent des questions de discriminationDiffuser plus de fictions (films ou téléfilms) dans lesquels seraient représentées des personnes issues des minorités ethniques (par exemple des personnes d'origine africaine, arabe, asiatique, etc.) ou religieusesMettre en place des mesures pour faciliter l’accès des minorités ethniques (par exemple des personnes d'origine africaine, arabe, asiatique, etc.) à certaines professions, comme par exemple les journalistes de télévision

NEW

Pour chacune des choses suivantes que pourraient faire les médias (NATIONALITE) pour combattre les discriminations, dites-moi si vous y êtes favorable ou défavorable.

(MONTRER CARTE AVEC ECHELLE – UNE RÉPONSE PAR LIGNE) (ENQ. : PRECISER, SI BESOIN, DES MINORITES ETHNIQUES PRESENTES DANS VOTRE PAYS)

(LIRE - ROTATION)

Broadcast more reports or documentaries dealing with the issue of discriminationBroadcast more drama (films or TV films) featuring people of ethnic (for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin) or religious minorities

Implementing measures in order to make certain professions, for example television journalists, more accessible to ethnic (for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin) minorities

NEW

Please tell me whether you would be in favour or opposed to the following things which the (NATIONALITY) media could do in order to fight discrimination?

(SHOW CARD WITH SCALE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) (INT.: IF NEEDED, STATE ETHNIC MINORITIES PRESENT IN YOUR COUNTRY)

(READ OUT – ROTATE)


QE3 QE3

(647) (647)1 12 2

3 34 4

QE4 QE4

(648) (648)1 12 23 34 45 5

NEW

Plutôt d’accordPlutôt pas d’accordPas du tout d’accord NSP

Certains disent que la façon dont l’information est présentée dans les médias (NATIONALITE) contribue à créer des tensions entre les différentes communautés en (NOTRE PAYS), par exemple lorsque l'origine ethnique ou la religion des personnes mises en cause dans des faits divers est mentionnée. Personnellement, êtes-vous d’accord ou pas d’accord avec cette opinion ?

(LIRE)

Tout à fait d’accord

Plutôt envie de regarder le journal télévisé sur une autre chaîneCa n’aurait aucune influence sur le choix de la chaîne sur laquelle vous regardez le journal télévisé NSP

NEW

Si sur une chaîne de la télévision (NATIONALITE), le journal télévisé était présenté par un journaliste issu d’une minorité ethnique, est-ce que cela vous donnerait … ?

(LIRE)

Plutôt envie de regarder le journal télévisé sur cette chaîne

NEW

Somewhat agreeSomewhat disagreeTotally disagreeDK

Some people say that the way the (NATIONALITY) media present information contributes to the creation of tensions between the different communities in (OUR COUNTRY), for example when the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question in short news items is mentioned. Do you personally agree or disagree with this opinion?

(LIRE)

Totally agree

Rather want to watch the televised news on another channelWould not have any influence whatsoever on your choice of channel for watching the televised newsDK

NEW

If on a (NATIONALITY) television channel, the televised news were presented by a journalist of an ethnic minority, would this make you…?

(READ OUT)

Rather want to watch the televised news on this channel


QE5 QE5

(649) (649)1 12 23 34 45 5NSP

NEW

Tout à fait justifié Plutôt justifié Pas vraiment justifié Pas du tout justifié

Lorsqu’ils parlent de certains faits divers, il arrive que les médias (NATIONALITE) mentionnent l’origine ethnique ou la religion des personnes mises en cause. Personnellement, est-ce que vous jugez que c’est justifié ou pas justifié ?

(LIRE)

DK

NEW

Absolutely justified Somewhat justifiedNot very justified Not at all justified

When it comes to short news items, the (NATIONALITY) media may mention the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question. Do you personally think that this is justified or not justified?

(READ OUT)


D1 D1

(736-737) (736-737)1

Left2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Right1

Gauche

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Droit

e1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 11

12 12

D8 D8

(738-739) (738-739)

D10 D10(740) (740)

1 12 2

D11 D11(741-742) (741-742)

Quel est votre âge ?

EB66.2 D11

Sexe du répondant.

HommeFemme

EB66.2 D10

A quel âge avez-vous arrêté vos études à temps complet ?

(ENQ. : SI "ETUDIE ENCORE", CODER ‘00’)

EB66.2 D8

PAS DE QUESTION D9

NSP

EB66.2 D1

PAS DE QUESTIONS D2 A D6

D7 POSEE AVANT QA

DEMOGRAPHIQUES

A propos de politique, les gens parlent de "droite" et de "gauche". Vous-même, voudriez-vous situer votre position sur cette échelle ?

(MONTRER CARTE) - (ENQ. : NE RIEN SUGGERER. SI LA PERSONNE HESITE, INSISTER)

Refus

How old are you?

EB66.2 D11

Gender.

MaleFemale

EB66.2 D10

How old were you when you stopped full-time education?

(INT.: IF "STILL STUDYING", CODE ‘00’)

EB66.2 D8

NO QUESTION D9

DK

EB66.2 D1

NO QUESTIONS D2 TO D6

D7 ASKED BEFORE QA

DEMOGRAPHICS

In political matters people talk of "the left" and "the right".How would you place your views on this scale?

(SHOW CARD) - (INT.: DO NOT PROMPT - IF CONTACT HESITATES, TRY AGAIN)

Refusal


D7 D7

(149-150) (149-150)1 12 23 34 4

5 56 67 78 89 9

10 10Refus (SPONTANE)

EB66.2 D7

Divorcé(e)Séparé(e)Veuf\Veuve Autre (SPONTANE)

Remarié(e)Célibataire vivant actuellement en couple Célibataire n'ayant jamais vécu en coupleCélibataire ayant déjà vécu en couple dans le passé mais actuellement seul(e)

SI AUTRE ou NSP ALORS FIN D'INTERVIEW

Pouvez-vous m'indiquer la lettre qui correspond le mieux à votre situation actuelle ?

(MONTRER CARTE - LIRE - UNE SEULE REPONSE)

Marié(e)

EB66.2 Q1

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

EB66.2 D7

DivorcedSeparatedWidowedOther (SPONTANEOUS)

RemarriedUnmarried, currently living with partnerUnmarried, having never lived with a partnerUnmarried, having previously lived with a partner, but now on my own

IF OTHER or DK THEN CLOSE INTERVIEW

Could you give me the letter which corresponds best to your own current situation?

(SHOW CARD - READ OUT - ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Married

EB66.2 Q1


D15a D15a

D15b D15b

(151-152) (153-154) (151-152) (153-154)

N'A JAMAIS EXERCE D'ACTIVITE PROFESSIONNELLE REMUNEREE

19 19

Autre ouvrier (non qualifié), personnel de maison 18 18

Contremaître, agent de maîtrise 16 16Ouvrier qualifié 17 17

Employé ne travaillant pas dans un bureau mais voyageant (vendeur, chauffeur, représentant, etc.)

14 14

Employé ne travaillant pas dans un bureau mais ayant une fonction de service (hôpital, restaurant, police, pompiers, etc.)

15 15

Cadre moyen 12 12

Employé travaillant la plupart du temps dans un bureau 13 13

Profession libérale salariée (docteur, avocat, comptable, architecte, etc.)

10 10

Cadre supérieur \ dirigeant (PDG\DG, Directeur, etc.) 11 11

Industriel, propriétaire (en tout ou en partie) d'une entreprise

9 9

SALARIES

Profession libérale (avocat, médecin, expert comptable, architecte, etc.)

7 7

Commerçant ou propriétaire d'un magasin, artisan ou autre travailleur indépendant

8 8

Agriculteur exploitant 5 5Pêcheur 6 6

A la retraite ou en congé de maladie prolongé 4 4INDEPENDANTS

Etudiants 2 2Au chômage \ temporairement sans emploi 3 3

PROFESSION ACTUELLE

PROFESSION PRECEDENTE

INACTIFSEn charge des achats courants et des tâches ménagères ou sans aucune activité professionnelle

1 1

Exerciez-vous une activité professionnelle rémunérée auparavant ? Laquelle en dernier lieu ?

D15a D15b

POSER D15b SI "PAS D'ACTIVITE ACTUELLE", CODES 1 à 4 en D15a

Quelle est votre profession actuelle ?

NEVER DID ANY PAID WORK 19 19

Other (unskilled) manual worker, servant 18 18

Supervisor 16 16Skilled manual worker 17 17

Employed position, not at a desk but travelling (salesmen, driver, etc.)

14 14

Employed position, not at a desk, but in a service job (hospital, restaurant, police, fireman, etc.)

15 15

Middle management, other management (department head, junior manager, teacher, technician)

12 12

Employed position, working mainly at a desk 13 13

Employed professional (employed doctor, lawyer, accountant, architect)

10 10

General management, director or top management (managing directors, director general, other director)

11 11

Business proprietors, owner (full or partner) of a company 9 9

EMPLOYED

Professional (lawyer, medical practitioner, accountant, architect, etc.)

7 7

Owner of a shop, craftsmen, other self-employed person 8 8

Farmer 5 5Fisherman 6 6

Retired or unable to work through illness 4 4SELF EMPLOYED

Student 2 2Unemployed or temporarily not working 3 3

CURRENT OCCUPATION

LAST OCCUPATION

NON-ACTIVEResponsible for ordinary shopping and looking after the home, or without any current occupation, not working

1 1

Did you do any paid work in the past? What was your last occupation?

D15a D15b

ASK D15b IF "NOT DOING ANY PAID WORK CURRENTLY", CODES 1 to 4 in D15a

What is your current occupation?


D25 D25

(743) (743)1 12 23 34 4

D40a D40a

(744-745) (744-745)

D40b D40b

(746-747) (746-747)

D40c D40c

(748-749) (748-749)ENQ. : LIRE - NOTER EN CLAIR)

EB66.2 D40c

Pouvez-vous me dire combien d’enfants de moins de 10 ans vivent dans votre foyer ?

ENQ. : LIRE - NOTER EN CLAIR)

EB66.2 D40b

Pouvez-vous me dire combien d’enfants de 10 à 14 ans vivent dans votre foyer ?


Pouvez-vous me dire combien de personnes âgées de 15 ans et plus vivent dans votre foyer, y compris vous-même ?

(ENQ. : LIRE - NOTER EN CLAIR)

EB66.2 D40a

Dans une ville petite ou moyenneDans une grande villeNSP

EB66.2 D25


Diriez-vous que vous vivez … ?

(LIRE)

Dans une commune rurale


D15a&b POSEES AVANT QA

INT.: READ OUT - WRITE DOWN)

EB66.2 D40c

Could you tell me how many children less than 10 years old live in your household?


EB66.2 D40b

Could you tell me how many children aged 10 to 14 years old live in your household?


Could you tell me how many people aged 15 years or more live in your household, yourself included?


EB66.2 D40a

Small or middle sized townLarge townDK

EB66.2 D25


Would you say you live in a...?

(READ OUT)

Rural area or village

NO QUESTION D12 TO D14

D15a&b ASKED BEFORE QA


D41 D41

(750) (750)1 12 23 34 45 56 6

D41bis D41bis

(751) (751)1 12 23 3

4 45 56 67 7

En Asie, en Afrique ou en Amérique latineEn Amérique du Nord, au Japon ou en OcéanieRefus (SPONTANE)

EB66.2 D41

Dans la Communauté Turque ChyprioteEn TurquieDans un autre Etat membre de l'Union européenneHors de Chypre, mais dans un Etat membre de l'Union européenne

POSER D41bis UNIQUEMENT EN CY(tcc)

Vous-même, êtes-vous né(e) ... ?


En Asie, en Afrique ou en Amérique latineEn Amérique du Nord, au Japon ou en OcéanieRefus (SPONTANE)

EB66.2 D41


En (NOTRE PAYS)Dans un autre Etat membre de l’Union européenneEn Europe, mais pas dans un Etat membre de l’Union européenne

NE PAS POSER D41 EN CY(tcc)

Vous-même, êtes-vous né(e) ?

In Asia, in Africa or in Latin AmericaIn Northern America, in Japan or in OceaniaRefusal (SPONTANEOUS)

EB66.2 D41

In the Turkish Cypriot Community In TurkeyIn another Member Country of the European UnionOutside Cyprus in Europe, but not in a Member Country of the European Union

ASK D41bis ONLY IN CY(tcc)

You, personally, were you born...?


In Asia, in Africa or in Latin AmericaIn Northern America, in Japan or in OceaniaRefusal (SPONTANEOUS)

EB66.2 D41


In (OUR COUNTRY)In another Member Country of the European UnionIn Europe, but not in a Member Country of the European Union

DO NOT ASK D41 IN CY(tcc)

You personally, were you born…?


D42 D42

(752) (752)1 1

2 2

3 3

4 45 56 6

D42bis D42bis

(753) (753)1 1

2 2

3 34 45 56 67 7

EB66.2 D42

Un de vos parents est né en TurquieVos deux parents sont nés en TurquieAutre situation (SPONTANE)NSP\ Refus


Votre père et votre mère sont nés à ChypreUn de vos parents est né à Chypre et l'autre est né dans un autre Etat membre de l'Union européenneUn de vos parents est né à Chypre et l'autre est né en dehors de l'Union européenne

NSP \ Refus (SPONTANE)

EB66.2 D42

POSER D42bis UNIQUEMENT EN CY(tcc)

laquelle de ces propositions correspond à votre situation ?

L’un de vos parents est né en (NOTRE PAYS) et l’autre est né dans un autre Etat membre de l’Union européenneVotre mère et votre père sont nés dans un autre Etat membre de l’Union européenneUn de vos parents est né en (NOTRE PAYS) et l’autre est né en dehors de l’Union européenneVotre père et votre mère sont nés en dehors de l’Union européenne

NE PAS POSER D42 EN CY(tcc) - NE PAS POSER D42 item 5 EN DEHORS DE L'UE25

Laquelle de ces propositions correspond à votre situation ?


Votre mère et votre père sont nés en (NOTRE PAYS)

EB66.2 D42

One of your parents was born in TurkeyBoth of your parents were born in TurkeyAnother situation (SPONTANEOUS)DK\ Refusal


Your mother and your father were born in Cyprus One of your parents was born in Cyprus and the other was born in another Member State of the European UnionOne of your parents was born in Cyprus and the other was born outside of the European Union

DK\Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

EB66.2 D42

ASK D42bis ONLY IN CY(tcc)

Which of these proposals corresponds to your situation?

One of your parents was born in (OUR COUNTRY) and the other was born in another Member State of the European UnionYour mother and your father were born in another Member State of the European UnionOne of your parents was born in (OUR COUNTRY) and the other was born outside of the European UnionYour mother and your father were born outside the European Union

DO NOT ASK D42 IN CY(tcc) - DO NOT ASK D42 item 5 OUTSIDE OF EU25

Which of these proposals corresponds to your situation?


Your mother and your father were born in (OUR COUNTRY)


D46 D46

(754-763) (754-763)1, 1,2, 2,3, 3,4, 4,5, 5,6, 6,7, 7,8, 8,9, 9,

10, 10,

EB66.2 D46

Un appartement \ Une maison que vous avez fini de payerUn appartement \ Une maison que vous êtes en train de payerAucun (SPONTANE)NSP

Un lecteur CD audioUn ordinateurUne connexion Internet à la maison Une voiture

Parmi les biens suivants, lesquels possédez-vous ?

(MONTRER CARTE - LIRE - PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)

Une télévisionUn lecteur DVD

D43a&b POSEES AVANT QB


EB66.2 D46

An apartment \ a house which you have finished paying forAn apartment \ a house which you are paying forNone (SPONTANEOUS)DK

Music CD playerComputerAn Internet connection at homeA car

Which of the following goods do you have?

(SHOW CARD - READ OUT - SEVERAL ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

TelevisionDVD player

D43a&b ASKED BEFOR QB



P1 P1(764-765) (766-767) (764-765) (766-767)

P2 P2

(768-769) (770-771) (768-769) (770-771)

P3 P3(772-774) (772-774)

P4 P4(775) (775)

1 12 23 34 4

P5 P5(776) (776)

1 12 23 34 4

BonneMoyenneMédiocre

EB66.2 P5

Cinq et plus

EB66.2 P4

Coopération du répondant

Excellente

Nombre de personnes présentes pendant l'interview, l'enquêteur inclus.

Deux (l'enquêteur et le répondant)TroisQuatre

EB66.2 P2

DUREE DE L'INTERVIEW EN MINUTES

MINUTES

EB66.2 P3

EB66.2 P1

HEURE DU DEBUT DE L'INTERVIEW

(ENQ. : DE 0 A 23 HEURE)

HEURE MINUTES

PROTOCOLE D'INTERVIEW

DATE DE L'INTERVIEW

JOUR MOIS

FairAverageBad

EB66.2 P5

Five or more

EB66.2 P4

Respondent cooperation

Excellent

Number of persons present during the interview, including interviewer

Two (interviewer and respondent)ThreeFour

EB66.2 P2

NUMBER OF MINUTES THE INTERVIEW LASTED

MINUTES

EB66.2 P3

EB66.2 P1

TIME OF THE BEGINNING OF THE INTERVIEW

(INT.:USE 24 HOUR CLOCK)

HOUR MINUTES

INTERVIEW PROTOCOLE

DATE OF INTERVIEW

DAY MONTH


P6 P6

(777-778) (777-778)

P7 P7

(779-780) (779-780)

P8 P8(781-788) (781-788)

P9 P9(789-796) (789-796)

P10 P10(797-804) (797-804)

P11 P11(805-812) (805-812)

Facteur de pondération

EB66.2 P11

N° point de chute

EB66.2 P9

N° enquêteur

EB66.2 P10

(CODES LOCAUX)

EB66.2 P7

Code postal

EB66.2 P8

Catégorie d'habitat

(CODES LOCAUX)

EB66.2 P6

Région

Weighting factor

EB66.2 P11

Sample point number

EB66.2 P9

Interviewer number

EB66.2 P10

(LOCAL CODES)

EB66.2 P7

Postal code

EB66.2 P8

Size of locality

(LOCAL CODES)

EB66.2 P6

Region


P13 P13(813) (813)

1 12 23 3

Langue 1Langue 2Langue 3

EB66.2 P13

POSER UNIQUEMENT en LU, BE, ES, FI, EE, LV, MT and TR

Langue de l'interview

Language 1Language 2Language 3

EB66.2 P13

ASK ONLY in LU, BE, ES, FI, EE, LV, MT and TR

Language of interview


Tables

TOTALUn rôle très

important / A very important role

Un rôle assez important / A fairly

important role

Un rôle pas très important / Not a

very important role

Pas de rôle du tout / No role at all

NSP / DK ImportantPas important / Not

important

UE25 / EU25 24732 36% 43% 10% 5% 6% 79% 15%UE27 / EU27 26755 36% 42% 10% 5% 7% 78% 15%BE 1009 39% 47% 9% 4% 1% 86% 13%CZ 1150 30% 45% 16% 6% 3% 75% 22%DK 1037 56% 31% 6% 5% 2% 87% 11%D-W 1000 47% 37% 8% 3% 5% 84% 11%DE 1504 47% 38% 8% 3% 4% 85% 11%D-E 504 48% 39% 8% 3% 2% 87% 11%EE 1000 11% 40% 23% 11% 15% 51% 34%EL 1000 39% 42% 12% 6% 1% 81% 18%ES 1000 26% 45% 10% 8% 11% 71% 18%FR 1012 44% 37% 9% 6% 4% 81% 15%IE 1000 42% 36% 8% 4% 10% 78% 12%IT 1038 18% 50% 17% 5% 10% 68% 22%CY 504 44% 32% 12% 3% 9% 76% 15%LV 1019 18% 43% 22% 8% 9% 61% 30%LT 1025 35% 44% 9% 4% 8% 79% 13%LU 502 41% 36% 12% 6% 5% 77% 18%HU 1000 36% 44% 9% 4% 7% 80% 13%MT 500 48% 31% 10% 3% 8% 79% 13%NL 1020 31% 44% 15% 9% 1% 75% 24%AT 1029 21% 47% 20% 6% 6% 68% 26%PL 1000 31% 49% 7% 3% 10% 80% 10%PT 1004 40% 46% 5% 3% 6% 86% 8%SI 1019 34% 50% 10% 2% 4% 84% 12%SK 1003 20% 46% 26% 6% 2% 66% 32%FI 1028 28% 57% 9% 4% 2% 85% 13%SE 1014 55% 36% 4% 2% 3% 91% 6%UK 1315 46% 37% 6% 5% 6% 83% 11%BG 1023 37% 42% 7% 2% 12% 79% 9%RO 1000 26% 39% 10% 9% 16% 65% 19%Sexe / SexHomme / Male 11904 37% 41% 11% 5% 6% 78% 16%Femme / Female 12828 35% 43% 10% 5% 7% 78% 15%Age15-24 3755 35% 44% 9% 5% 7% 79% 14%25-39 6468 38% 43% 10% 5% 4% 81% 15%40-54 6326 40% 42% 10% 4% 4% 82% 14%55 + 8183 32% 42% 11% 5% 10% 74% 16%Age de fin d'études / Education (End of)15 6147 31% 42% 11% 5% 11% 73% 16%16-19 10175 35% 44% 11% 5% 5% 79% 16%20+ 5626 45% 40% 8% 4% 3% 85% 12%Tjs étudiant / Still Studying 2341 37% 44% 9% 4% 6% 81% 13%Echelle Gauche-Droite / Left-Right scale(1-4) Gauche / (1-4) Left 6648 43% 40% 10% 4% 3% 83% 14%(5-6) Centre 8373 38% 43% 9% 5% 5% 81% 14%(7-10) Droite / (7-10) Right 4340 34% 45% 11% 6% 4% 79% 17%Echelle d'occupation du répondant / Respondent occupation scaleIndépendants / Self- employed 1876 35% 44% 10% 6% 5% 79% 16%Cadres directeurs / Managers 2241 48% 37% 8% 4% 3% 85% 12%Autres employés / Other white collars 2982 38% 44% 11% 4% 3% 82% 15%Ouvriers / Manual workers 5201 37% 43% 10% 5% 5% 80% 15%Femmes- hommes au foyer / House perso 2402 31% 43% 12% 5% 9% 74% 17%Chômeurs / Unemployed 1584 38% 41% 9% 6% 6% 79% 15%Retraités / Retired 6106 32% 42% 11% 5% 10% 74% 16%Etudiants / Students 2341 37% 44% 9% 4% 6% 81% 13%Urbanisation subjective / Subjective urbanisationVillage rural / Rural village 8005 34% 43% 10% 6% 7% 77% 16%Petite moyenne ville / Small/ mid size tow 10627 35% 43% 11% 5% 6% 78% 16%Grande ville / Large town 6068 41% 40% 9% 4% 6% 81% 13%

EU27 results are purely indicative as it is impossible to anticipate the impact of the accession of these countries on the results.Les résultats de l’UE27 sont purement indicatifs puisqu’il n’était pas possible d’anticiper l’influence de l’adhésion de ces pays sur les résultats.

QE1 D’après vous, les médias (NATIONALITE) ont-ils un rôle à jouer pour combattre les discriminations ?

QE1 In your opinion, do the (NATIONALITY) media have a role to play in fighting discrimination?

TOTALTrès favorable / Very in favour

Plutôt favorable / Somewhat in favour

Plutôt défavorable / Somewhat

opposed

Très défavorable / Very opposed

Ce n’est pas le rôle des médias de combattre les

discriminations (SPONTANE) / It’s not the role of the

media to fight discrimination

(SPONTANEOUS)

NSP / DKFavorable / In

favourDéfavorable /

Opposed

UE25 / EU25 24732 24% 49% 13% 4% 4% 6% 73% 17%UE27 / EU27 26755 24% 49% 13% 4% 4% 6% 73% 17%BE 1009 23% 51% 15% 7% 3% 1% 74% 22%CZ 1150 17% 46% 20% 6% 6% 5% 63% 26%DK 1037 30% 44% 14% 5% 3% 4% 74% 19%D-W 1000 31% 43% 16% 4% 3% 3% 74% 20%DE 1504 28% 45% 17% 5% 3% 2% 73% 22%D-E 504 20% 52% 19% 6% 2% 1% 72% 25%EE 1000 18% 41% 13% 7% 8% 13% 59% 20%EL 1000 36% 48% 8% 5% 3% - 84% 13%ES 1000 28% 47% 7% 3% 6% 9% 75% 10%FR 1012 19% 51% 17% 6% 5% 2% 70% 23%IE 1000 30% 43% 9% 3% 4% 11% 73% 12%IT 1038 17% 54% 13% 5% 5% 6% 71% 18%CY 504 46% 35% 5% 2% 4% 8% 81% 7%LV 1019 14% 47% 15% 9% 5% 10% 61% 24%LT 1025 21% 54% 10% 6% 1% 8% 75% 16%LU 502 45% 41% 6% 2% 3% 3% 86% 8%HU 1000 18% 47% 14% 6% 8% 7% 65% 20%MT 500 45% 41% 5% 2% 2% 5% 86% 7%NL 1020 27% 48% 15% 5% 2% 3% 75% 20%AT 1029 16% 39% 20% 6% 12% 7% 55% 26%PL 1000 19% 57% 11% 1% 2% 10% 76% 12%PT 1004 34% 51% 6% 1% 2% 6% 85% 7%SI 1019 20% 52% 12% 4% 5% 7% 72% 16%SK 1003 21% 61% 11% 2% 2% 3% 82% 13%FI 1028 25% 60% 9% 2% 3% 1% 85% 11%SE 1014 45% 41% 7% 2% 1% 4% 86% 9%UK 1315 25% 45% 12% 4% 6% 8% 70% 16%BG 1023 25% 42% 12% 4% 3% 14% 67% 16%RO 1000 29% 43% 9% 2% 2% 15% 72% 11%Sexe / SexHomme / Male 11904 24% 49% 14% 4% 4% 5% 73% 18%Femme / Female 12828 25% 49% 12% 4% 4% 6% 74% 16%Age15-24 3755 32% 49% 9% 3% 3% 4% 81% 12%25-39 6468 26% 51% 12% 4% 4% 3% 77% 16%40-54 6326 24% 51% 13% 4% 4% 4% 75% 17%55 + 8183 20% 46% 15% 5% 5% 9% 66% 20%Age de fin d'études / Education (End of)15 6147 21% 46% 14% 5% 5% 9% 67% 19%16-19 10175 23% 50% 14% 4% 5% 4% 73% 18%20+ 5626 27% 51% 13% 3% 3% 3% 78% 16%Tjs étudiant / Still Studying 2341 31% 50% 10% 3% 2% 4% 81% 13%Echelle Gauche-Droite / Left-Right scale(1-4) Gauche / (1-4) Left 6648 30% 49% 12% 3% 3% 3% 79% 15%(5-6) Centre 8373 25% 50% 13% 4% 4% 4% 75% 17%(7-10) Droite / (7-10) Right 4340 19% 48% 18% 7% 4% 4% 67% 25%Echelle d'occupation du répondant / Respondent occupation scaleIndépendants / Self- employed 1876 21% 48% 14% 6% 6% 5% 69% 20%Cadres directeurs / Managers 2241 27% 51% 14% 3% 3% 2% 78% 17%Autres employés / Other white collars 2982 24% 54% 12% 4% 4% 2% 78% 16%Ouvriers / Manual workers 5201 26% 49% 13% 4% 4% 4% 75% 17%Femmes- hommes au foyer / House person 2402 24% 45% 12% 4% 7% 8% 69% 16%Chômeurs / Unemployed 1584 28% 48% 10% 4% 4% 6% 76% 14%Retraités / Retired 6106 19% 46% 16% 5% 5% 9% 65% 21%Etudiants / Students 2341 31% 50% 10% 3% 2% 4% 81% 13%Urbanisation subjective / Subjective urbanisationVillage rural / Rural village 8005 23% 47% 15% 5% 4% 6% 70% 20%Petite moyenne ville / Small/ mid size town 10627 24% 50% 13% 4% 4% 5% 74% 17%Grande ville / Large town 6068 27% 49% 11% 3% 5% 5% 76% 14%

EU27 results are purely indicative as it is impossible to anticipate the impact of the accession of these countries on the resultsLes résultats de l’UE27 sont purement indicatifs puisqu’il n’était pas possible d’anticiper l’influence de l’adhésion de ces pays sur les résultats

Broadcast more reports or documentaries dealing with the issue of discrimination

QE2.1 Pour chacune des choses suivantes que pourraient faire les médias (NATIONALITE) pour combattre les discriminations, dites-moi si vous êtes favorable ou défavorable.

QE2.1 Please tell me whether you would be in favour or opposed to the following things which the (NATIONALITY) media could do in order to fight discrimination?

Diffuser plus de reportages ou de documentaires qui traitent des questions de discrimination




opposed





(SPONTANEOUS)



Opposed

UE25 / EU25 24732 18% 46% 18% 6% 5% 7% 64% 24%UE27 / EU27 26755 18% 46% 18% 6% 4% 8% 64% 24%BE 1009 12% 43% 25% 12% 6% 2% 55% 37%CZ 1150 10% 43% 25% 9% 6% 7% 53% 34%DK 1037 17% 40% 22% 11% 4% 6% 57% 33%D-W 1000 26% 44% 18% 5% 3% 4% 70% 23%DE 1504 24% 45% 20% 5% 3% 3% 69% 25%D-E 504 15% 48% 27% 7% 1% 2% 63% 34%EE 1000 12% 37% 18% 11% 8% 14% 49% 29%EL 1000 26% 40% 19% 10% 3% 2% 66% 29%ES 1000 25% 44% 10% 3% 6% 12% 69% 13%FR 1012 13% 43% 25% 11% 4% 4% 56% 36%IE 1000 20% 44% 12% 5% 5% 14% 64% 17%IT 1038 14% 54% 14% 5% 5% 8% 68% 19%CY 504 27% 35% 17% 7% 4% 10% 62% 24%LV 1019 9% 36% 25% 14% 5% 11% 45% 39%LT 1025 17% 51% 14% 8% 2% 8% 68% 22%LU 502 26% 44% 16% 6% 2% 6% 70% 22%HU 1000 17% 45% 16% 7% 8% 7% 62% 23%MT 500 22% 40% 15% 7% 2% 14% 62% 22%NL 1020 15% 49% 19% 8% 5% 4% 64% 27%AT 1029 14% 32% 26% 8% 13% 7% 46% 34%PL 1000 15% 54% 13% 3% 2% 13% 69% 16%PT 1004 22% 49% 12% 4% 3% 10% 71% 16%SI 1019 13% 48% 18% 6% 4% 11% 61% 24%SK 1003 11% 56% 24% 3% 2% 4% 67% 27%FI 1028 15% 58% 16% 5% 3% 3% 73% 21%SE 1014 28% 43% 14% 7% 2% 6% 71% 21%UK 1315 18% 40% 18% 7% 6% 11% 58% 25%BG 1023 13% 37% 24% 7% 3% 16% 50% 31%RO 1000 23% 42% 12% 3% 3% 17% 65% 15%Sexe / SexHomme / Male 11904 17% 46% 18% 7% 5% 7% 63% 25%Femme / Female 12828 19% 46% 17% 6% 4% 8% 65% 23%Age15-24 3755 23% 48% 16% 4% 3% 6% 71% 20%25-39 6468 20% 48% 16% 6% 5% 5% 68% 22%40-54 6326 17% 49% 18% 6% 4% 6% 66% 24%55 + 8183 15% 42% 20% 8% 5% 10% 57% 28%Age de fin d'études / Education (End of)15 6147 16% 40% 20% 8% 5% 11% 56% 28%16-19 10175 17% 47% 19% 6% 5% 6% 64% 25%20+ 5626 20% 49% 16% 6% 3% 6% 69% 22%Tjs étudiant / Still Studying 2341 23% 50% 14% 5% 2% 6% 73% 19%Echelle Gauche-Droite / Left-Right scale(1-4) Gauche / (1-4) Left 6648 25% 48% 14% 5% 4% 4% 73% 19%(5-6) Centre 8373 17% 47% 19% 6% 5% 6% 64% 25%(7-10) Droite / (7-10) Right 4340 12% 44% 24% 10% 4% 6% 56% 34%Echelle d'occupation du répondant / Respondent occupation scaleIndépendants / Self- employed 1876 17% 47% 16% 6% 6% 8% 64% 22%Cadres directeurs / Managers 2241 21% 50% 16% 5% 3% 5% 71% 21%Autres employés / Other white collars 2982 18% 50% 17% 5% 5% 5% 68% 22%Ouvriers / Manual workers 5201 18% 46% 20% 6% 4% 6% 64% 26%Femmes- hommes au foyer / House person 2402 20% 45% 15% 7% 5% 8% 65% 22%Chômeurs / Unemployed 1584 21% 46% 17% 5% 4% 7% 67% 22%Retraités / Retired 6106 14% 40% 21% 9% 5% 11% 54% 30%Etudiants / Students 2341 23% 50% 14% 5% 2% 6% 73% 19%Urbanisation subjective / Subjective urbanisationVillage rural / Rural village 8005 16% 44% 20% 7% 4% 9% 60% 27%Petite moyenne ville / Small/ mid size town 10627 17% 48% 18% 6% 4% 7% 65% 24%Grande ville / Large town 6068 22% 45% 15% 6% 5% 7% 67% 21%


Broadcast more drama (films or TV films) featuring people of ethnic (for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin) or religious minorities



Diffuser plus de fictions (films ou téléfilms) dans lesquels seraient représentées des personnes issues des minorités ethniques (p.e. des personnes d'origine africaine, arabe, asiatique etc.) ou religieuses




opposed





(SPONTANEOUS)



Opposed

UE25 / EU25 24732 20% 47% 14% 5% 5% 9% 67% 19%UE27 / EU27 26755 20% 47% 14% 5% 5% 9% 67% 19%BE 1009 19% 51% 15% 9% 4% 2% 70% 24%CZ 1150 11% 40% 24% 11% 6% 8% 51% 35%DK 1037 20% 44% 16% 9% 3% 8% 64% 25%D-W 1000 28% 44% 15% 4% 4% 5% 72% 19%DE 1504 26% 45% 16% 4% 4% 5% 71% 20%D-E 504 18% 47% 21% 8% 3% 3% 65% 29%EE 1000 13% 41% 11% 5% 9% 21% 54% 16%EL 1000 22% 43% 19% 10% 3% 3% 65% 29%ES 1000 25% 44% 9% 2% 6% 14% 69% 11%FR 1012 19% 52% 13% 6% 4% 6% 71% 19%IE 1000 21% 43% 9% 5% 5% 17% 64% 14%IT 1038 16% 53% 15% 4% 4% 8% 69% 19%CY 504 27% 33% 15% 6% 5% 14% 60% 21%LV 1019 11% 44% 18% 10% 6% 11% 55% 28%LT 1025 14% 47% 17% 8% 2% 12% 61% 25%LU 502 27% 46% 10% 5% 2% 10% 73% 15%HU 1000 18% 46% 14% 5% 9% 8% 64% 19%MT 500 19% 34% 17% 10% 3% 17% 53% 27%NL 1020 22% 48% 14% 7% 4% 5% 70% 21%AT 1029 16% 39% 19% 4% 14% 8% 55% 23%PL 1000 15% 53% 13% 4% 2% 13% 68% 17%PT 1004 24% 45% 15% 3% 3% 10% 69% 18%SI 1019 15% 48% 16% 5% 5% 11% 63% 21%SK 1003 10% 52% 26% 3% 2% 7% 62% 29%FI 1028 14% 64% 13% 3% 3% 3% 78% 16%SE 1014 31% 38% 14% 7% 2% 8% 69% 21%UK 1315 20% 43% 14% 4% 7% 12% 63% 18%BG 1023 13% 32% 24% 9% 3% 19% 45% 33%RO 1000 22% 41% 11% 3% 3% 20% 63% 14%Sexe / SexHomme / Male 11904 19% 48% 14% 6% 5% 8% 67% 20%Femme / Female 12828 21% 46% 15% 4% 5% 9% 67% 19%Age15-24 3755 27% 49% 11% 3% 3% 7% 76% 14%25-39 6468 21% 49% 14% 5% 4% 7% 70% 19%40-54 6326 20% 48% 14% 5% 5% 8% 68% 19%55 + 8183 16% 44% 17% 6% 5% 12% 60% 23%Age de fin d'études / Education (End of)15 6147 17% 43% 17% 6% 5% 12% 60% 23%16-19 10175 19% 48% 15% 5% 5% 8% 67% 20%20+ 5626 24% 49% 13% 4% 4% 6% 73% 17%Tjs étudiant / Still Studying 2341 28% 49% 11% 3% 2% 7% 77% 14%Echelle Gauche-Droite / Left-Right scale(1-4) Gauche / (1-4) Left 6648 27% 49% 12% 3% 4% 5% 76% 15%(5-6) Centre 8373 20% 50% 14% 4% 5% 7% 70% 18%(7-10) Droite / (7-10) Right 4340 14% 45% 20% 9% 5% 7% 59% 29%Echelle d'occupation du répondant / Respondent occupation scaleIndépendants / Self- employed 1876 18% 48% 15% 5% 5% 9% 66% 20%Cadres directeurs / Managers 2241 24% 48% 13% 5% 4% 6% 72% 18%Autres employés / Other white collars 2982 20% 52% 13% 4% 5% 6% 72% 17%Ouvriers / Manual workers 5201 21% 48% 15% 4% 5% 7% 69% 19%Femmes- hommes au foyer / House person 2402 21% 45% 13% 6% 6% 9% 66% 19%Chômeurs / Unemployed 1584 24% 47% 12% 4% 4% 9% 71% 16%Retraités / Retired 6106 15% 44% 17% 6% 6% 12% 59% 23%Etudiants / Students 2341 28% 49% 11% 3% 2% 7% 77% 14%Urbanisation subjective / Subjective urbanisationVillage rural / Rural village 8005 18% 45% 16% 6% 5% 10% 63% 22%Petite moyenne ville / Small/ mid size town 10627 20% 50% 14% 4% 4% 8% 70% 18%Grande ville / Large town 6068 25% 45% 12% 5% 5% 8% 70% 17%


Implementing measures in order to make certain professions, for example television journalists, more accessible to ethnic (for example people of African, Arabic, Asian, etc. origin) minorities



Mettre en place des mesures pour faciliter l’accès des minorités ethniques (p.e. des personnes d'origine africaine, arabe, asiatique, etc.) à certaines professions, comme par exemple les journalistes de télévision

TOTAL

Plutôt envie de regarder le journal télévisé sur cette chaîne / Rather

want to watch the televised news on this channel

Plutôt envie de regarder le journal télévisé sur une autre chaîne /

Rather want to watch the televised news on another channel

Ca n’aurait aucune influence sur le choix de la chaîne sur laquelle vous

regardez le journal télévisé / Would not have any influence whatsoever

on your choice of channel for watching the televised news

NSP / DK

UE25 / EU25 24732 10% 11% 74% 5%UE27 / EU27 26755 10% 11% 73% 6%BE 1009 10% 13% 76% 1%CZ 1150 5% 12% 79% 4%DK 1037 6% 5% 86% 3%D-W 1000 14% 11% 70% 5%DE 1504 12% 12% 72% 4%D-E 504 5% 15% 78% 2%EE 1000 14% 11% 66% 9%EL 1000 17% 24% 58% 1%ES 1000 6% 7% 79% 8%FR 1012 9% 5% 84% 2%IE 1000 19% 8% 66% 7%IT 1038 13% 18% 59% 10%CY 504 3% 19% 75% 3%LV 1019 8% 15% 73% 4%LT 1025 10% 19% 63% 8%LU 502 12% 8% 77% 3%HU 1000 20% 15% 58% 7%MT 500 10% 24% 59% 7%NL 1020 3% 6% 90% 1%AT 1029 20% 21% 51% 8%PL 1000 20% 12% 59% 9%PT 1004 3% 5% 89% 3%SI 1019 3% 9% 86% 2%SK 1003 6% 11% 78% 5%FI 1028 11% 11% 77% 1%SE 1014 5% 9% 82% 4%UK 1315 6% 5% 84% 5%BG 1023 8% 20% 61% 11%RO 1000 15% 12% 64% 9%Sexe / SexHomme / Male 11904 10% 11% 73% 6%Femme / Female 12828 11% 10% 74% 5%Age15-24 3755 12% 8% 74% 6%25-39 6468 10% 9% 77% 4%40-54 6326 10% 10% 76% 4%55 + 8183 10% 14% 69% 7%Age de fin d'études / Education (End of)15 6147 11% 15% 66% 8%16-19 10175 11% 11% 74% 4%20+ 5626 9% 7% 81% 3%Tjs étudiant / Still Studying 2341 12% 8% 74% 6%Echelle Gauche-Droite / Left-Right scale(1-4) Gauche / (1-4) Left 6648 11% 8% 78% 3%(5-6) Centre 8373 10% 10% 76% 4%(7-10) Droite / (7-10) Right 4340 10% 16% 70% 4%Echelle d'occupation du répondant / Respondent occupation scaleIndépendants / Self- employed 1876 9% 11% 73% 7%Cadres directeurs / Managers 2241 8% 8% 80% 4%Autres employés / Other white collars 2982 9% 9% 78% 4%Ouvriers / Manual workers 5201 11% 10% 75% 4%Femmes- hommes au foyer / House person 2402 12% 10% 71% 7%Chômeurs / Unemployed 1584 13% 9% 73% 5%Retraités / Retired 6106 11% 14% 68% 7%Etudiants / Students 2341 12% 8% 74% 6%Urbanisation subjective / Subjective urbanisationVillage rural / Rural village 8005 9% 11% 74% 6%Petite moyenne ville / Small/ mid size town 10627 11% 11% 73% 5%Grande ville / Large town 6068 12% 9% 73% 6%

EU27 results are purely indicative as it is impossible to anticipate the impact of the accession of these countries on the results.Les résultats de l’UE27 sont purement indicatifs puisqu’il n’était pas possible d’anticiper l’influence de l’adhésion de ces pays sur les résultats

QE3 Si sur une chaîne de la télévision (NATIONALITE), le journal télévisé était présenté par un journaliste issu d’une minorité ethnique, est-ce que cela vous donnerait … ?


TOTALTout à fait d’accord /

Totally agreePlutôt d’accord / Somewhat agree

Plutôt pas d’accord / Somewhat disagree

Pas du tout d’accord / Totally disagree

NSP / DK D'accord / AgreePas d'accord /

Disagree

UE25 / EU25 24732 21% 41% 20% 7% 11% 62% 27%UE27 / EU27 26755 20% 40% 20% 8% 12% 60% 28%BE 1009 22% 45% 24% 7% 2% 67% 31%CZ 1150 12% 33% 35% 13% 7% 45% 48%DK 1037 27% 47% 12% 8% 6% 74% 20%D-W 1000 22% 38% 24% 8% 8% 60% 32%DE 1504 22% 39% 24% 8% 7% 61% 32%D-E 504 22% 42% 23% 8% 5% 64% 31%EE 1000 15% 34% 18% 16% 17% 49% 34%EL 1000 24% 48% 20% 7% 1% 72% 27%ES 1000 15% 40% 18% 7% 20% 55% 25%FR 1012 35% 36% 16% 7% 6% 71% 23%IE 1000 13% 33% 18% 14% 22% 46% 32%IT 1038 15% 46% 21% 5% 13% 61% 26%CY 504 19% 39% 17% 12% 13% 58% 29%LV 1019 12% 42% 22% 12% 12% 54% 34%LT 1025 12% 45% 19% 9% 15% 57% 28%LU 502 20% 23% 27% 19% 11% 43% 46%HU 1000 20% 40% 22% 8% 10% 60% 30%MT 500 10% 33% 27% 11% 19% 43% 38%NL 1020 34% 41% 14% 8% 3% 75% 22%AT 1029 15% 40% 26% 8% 11% 55% 34%PL 1000 10% 37% 25% 8% 20% 47% 33%PT 1004 13% 39% 22% 9% 17% 52% 31%SI 1019 22% 48% 19% 4% 7% 70% 23%SK 1003 12% 39% 37% 7% 5% 51% 44%FI 1028 12% 50% 23% 9% 6% 62% 32%SE 1014 23% 39% 16% 11% 11% 62% 27%UK 1315 24% 42% 15% 7% 12% 66% 22%BG 1023 11% 32% 21% 14% 22% 43% 35%RO 1000 14% 31% 19% 15% 21% 45% 34%Sexe / SexHomme / Male 11904 22% 40% 20% 8% 10% 62% 28%Femme / Female 12828 20% 41% 20% 7% 12% 61% 27%Age15-24 3755 22% 41% 20% 6% 11% 63% 26%25-39 6468 22% 43% 19% 7% 9% 65% 26%40-54 6326 21% 42% 21% 8% 8% 63% 29%55 + 8183 19% 37% 21% 8% 15% 56% 29%Age de fin d'études / Education (End of)15 6147 17% 39% 20% 7% 17% 56% 27%16-19 10175 21% 41% 21% 7% 10% 62% 28%20+ 5626 24% 42% 20% 8% 6% 66% 28%Tjs étudiant / Still Studying 2341 22% 40% 20% 7% 11% 62% 27%Echelle Gauche-Droite / Left-Right scale(1-4) Gauche / (1-4) Left 6648 24% 41% 20% 7% 8% 65% 27%(5-6) Centre 8373 21% 42% 21% 8% 8% 63% 29%(7-10) Droite / (7-10) Right 4340 19% 40% 24% 9% 8% 59% 33%Echelle d'occupation du répondant / Respondent occupation scaleIndépendants / Self- employed 1876 18% 42% 21% 9% 10% 60% 30%Cadres directeurs / Managers 2241 24% 41% 20% 9% 6% 65% 29%Autres employés / Other white collars 2982 23% 45% 18% 7% 7% 68% 25%Ouvriers / Manual workers 5201 21% 42% 21% 7% 9% 63% 28%Femmes- hommes au foyer / House perso 2402 17% 40% 22% 7% 14% 57% 29%Chômeurs / Unemployed 1584 21% 44% 17% 6% 12% 65% 23%Retraités / Retired 6106 18% 36% 22% 8% 16% 54% 30%Etudiants / Students 2341 22% 40% 20% 7% 11% 62% 27%Urbanisation subjective / Subjective urbanisationVillage rural / Rural village 8005 20% 40% 19% 8% 13% 60% 27%Petite moyenne ville / Small/ mid size tow 10627 20% 41% 22% 7% 10% 61% 29%Grande ville / Large town 6068 23% 40% 20% 7% 10% 63% 27%


QE4 Certains disent que la façon dont l’information est présentée dans les médias (NATIONALITE) contribue à créer des tensions entre les différentes communautés en (NOTRE PAYS), par exemple lorsque l'origine ethnique ou la religion despersonnes mises en cause dans des faits divers est mentionnée. Personnellement, êtes-vous d’accord ou pas d’accord avec cette opinion ? QE4 Some people say that the way the (NATIONALITY) media present information contributes to the creation of tensions between the different communities in (OUR COUNTRY), for example when the ethnic origin or the religion of the peoplein question in short news items is mentioned. Do you personally agree or disagree with this opinion?

TOTALTout à fait justifié / Absolutely justified

Plutôt justifié / Somewhat justified

Pas vraiment justifié / Not very justified

Pas du tout justifié / Not at all justified

NSP / DK Justifié / JustifiedPas justifié / Not

justified

UE25 / EU25 24732 14% 36% 27% 12% 11% 50% 39%UE27 / EU27 26755 14% 36% 26% 12% 12% 50% 38%BE 1009 17% 34% 34% 13% 2% 51% 47%CZ 1150 22% 41% 23% 5% 9% 63% 28%DK 1037 17% 35% 28% 14% 6% 52% 42%D-W 1000 22% 39% 22% 7% 10% 61% 29%DE 1504 23% 40% 21% 7% 9% 63% 28%D-E 504 25% 44% 18% 5% 8% 69% 23%EE 1000 11% 30% 26% 14% 19% 41% 40%EL 1000 17% 38% 28% 16% 1% 55% 44%ES 1000 9% 35% 25% 15% 16% 44% 40%FR 1012 10% 21% 38% 27% 4% 31% 65%IE 1000 15% 37% 16% 12% 20% 52% 28%IT 1038 16% 44% 22% 5% 13% 60% 27%CY 504 24% 28% 20% 15% 13% 52% 35%LV 1019 6% 34% 34% 14% 12% 40% 48%LT 1025 13% 39% 25% 8% 15% 52% 33%LU 502 16% 24% 31% 20% 9% 40% 51%HU 1000 20% 41% 21% 7% 11% 61% 28%MT 500 12% 46% 20% 6% 16% 58% 26%NL 1020 16% 33% 31% 17% 3% 49% 48%AT 1029 19% 37% 24% 8% 12% 56% 32%PL 1000 7% 33% 29% 9% 22% 40% 38%PT 1004 8% 33% 29% 12% 18% 41% 41%SI 1019 15% 39% 28% 13% 5% 54% 41%SK 1003 7% 37% 40% 10% 6% 44% 50%FI 1028 15% 39% 32% 11% 3% 54% 43%SE 1014 14% 34% 26% 17% 9% 48% 43%UK 1315 13% 37% 26% 11% 13% 50% 37%BG 1023 19% 36% 17% 7% 21% 55% 24%RO 1000 18% 33% 17% 10% 22% 51% 27%Sexe / SexHomme / Male 11904 16% 37% 26% 11% 10% 53% 37%Femme / Female 12828 13% 35% 27% 12% 13% 48% 39%Age15-24 3755 13% 34% 30% 11% 12% 47% 41%25-39 6468 14% 37% 28% 13% 8% 51% 41%40-54 6326 15% 37% 26% 13% 9% 52% 39%55 + 8183 15% 35% 25% 10% 15% 50% 35%Age de fin d'études / Education (End of)15 6147 15% 36% 23% 10% 16% 51% 33%16-19 10175 16% 37% 26% 11% 10% 53% 37%20+ 5626 14% 33% 31% 15% 7% 47% 46%Tjs étudiant / Still Studying 2341 11% 35% 32% 11% 11% 46% 43%Echelle Gauche-Droite / Left-Right scale(1-4) Gauche / (1-4) Left 6648 13% 35% 30% 14% 8% 48% 44%(5-6) Centre 8373 15% 37% 27% 12% 9% 52% 39%(7-10) Droite / (7-10) Right 4340 18% 37% 27% 10% 8% 55% 37%Echelle d'occupation du répondant / Respondent occupation scaleIndépendants / Self- employed 1876 15% 37% 26% 11% 11% 52% 37%Cadres directeurs / Managers 2241 12% 36% 31% 14% 7% 48% 45%Autres employés / Other white collars 2982 15% 37% 28% 13% 7% 52% 41%Ouvriers / Manual workers 5201 15% 36% 26% 13% 10% 51% 39%Femmes- hommes au foyer / House person 2402 15% 36% 22% 12% 15% 51% 34%Chômeurs / Unemployed 1584 16% 35% 26% 12% 11% 51% 38%Retraités / Retired 6106 15% 35% 25% 10% 15% 50% 35%Etudiants / Students 2341 11% 35% 32% 11% 11% 46% 43%Urbanisation subjective / Subjective urbanisationVillage rural / Rural village 8005 14% 34% 26% 13% 13% 48% 39%Petite moyenne ville / Small/ mid size town 10627 14% 37% 28% 11% 10% 51% 39%Grande ville / Large town 6068 15% 35% 27% 12% 11% 50% 39%


QE5 Lorsqu’ils parlent de certains faits divers, il arrive que les médias (NATIONALITE) mentionnent l’origine ethnique ou la religion des personnes mises en cause. Personnellement, est-ce que vous jugez que c’est justifié ou pas justifié ?

QE5 When it comes to short news items, the (NATIONALITY) media may mention the ethnic origin or the religion of the people in question. Do you personally think that this is justified or not justified?

discrimination and the media in the european unionec.europa.eu/.../archives/ebs/ebs_277_en.pdf ·...

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