Discontent and Discontent and Unrest over Unrest over

SlaverySlavery

Chapters 10.1 – 10.2Chapters 10.1 – 10.2

Differences between the Differences between the North and SouthNorth and South

The North continued to industrialize quickly The North continued to industrialize quickly Small towns (like Chicago) grew into cities Small towns (like Chicago) grew into cities

quickly due to the massive amounts of quickly due to the massive amounts of goods and people traveling by railroad goods and people traveling by railroad

Many immigrants began to work in Many immigrants began to work in northern factories northern factories

The South however, remained mostly rural The South however, remained mostly rural Southerners mostly used rivers for Southerners mostly used rivers for

transportationtransportation Few immigrants settled in the south Few immigrants settled in the south The conflict over slavery continued to rattle The conflict over slavery continued to rattle

Southern society Southern society

Slavery in the TerritoriesSlavery in the Territories The The Wilmot Proviso Wilmot Proviso divided Congress along divided Congress along

regional lines regional lines Southerners feared if the Proviso became law, Southerners feared if the Proviso became law,

it would shift representational power it would shift representational power permanently to the North permanently to the North

1850, California applied for statehood as a 1850, California applied for statehood as a “Free State” “Free State”

Zachary Taylor believed Zachary Taylor believed it best if each state decided it best if each state decided for itself whether or not it for itself whether or not it wanted to be a free or slave state wanted to be a free or slave state Some Southerners began Some Southerners began to question whether the South to question whether the South should remain in the Unionshould remain in the Union

The Senate DebatesThe Senate Debates The 31st Congress in December 1849 was The 31st Congress in December 1849 was

surrounded by heated debates between surrounded by heated debates between Northern and Southern ideals Northern and Southern ideals

Many Southerners began to threaten Many Southerners began to threaten secession secession

Henry Clay worked tirelessly to compose the Henry Clay worked tirelessly to compose the Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850

The Compromise also allowed residents of The Compromise also allowed residents of New Mexico and Utah to have New Mexico and Utah to have popular popular sovereignty sovereignty when applying for statehood when applying for statehood

Long time rivals Clay and Daniel Webster Long time rivals Clay and Daniel Webster were even able to come together to support were even able to come together to support the Compromise of 1850the Compromise of 1850

The Compromise is The Compromise is AdoptedAdopted

Senate rejected the Compromise in July Senate rejected the Compromise in July Stephen A. Douglas Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois picked up of Illinois picked up

the pro-compromise reins the pro-compromise reins July 9, 1850 – Zachary Taylor dies and July 9, 1850 – Zachary Taylor dies and

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore takes over as president takes over as president President Fillmore called the compromise President Fillmore called the compromise

the “final settlement” of the question of the “final settlement” of the question of slavery and sectional differences slavery and sectional differences

Fugitive SlavesFugitive Slaves Anti-slavery calls in the North grew rapidly after the Anti-slavery calls in the North grew rapidly after the

passing of the passing of the Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive Slave Act Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was

subject to a $1,000 fine and 6 months in jail subject to a $1,000 fine and 6 months in jail ““The colored men’s rights are less than those of a The colored men’s rights are less than those of a

jackass. No man can take away a jackass without jackass. No man can take away a jackass without submitting the matter to twelve men in any part of submitting the matter to twelve men in any part of this country. A black man can be carried away this country. A black man can be carried away without any reference to a jury. It is only necessary without any reference to a jury. It is only necessary to claim him, and that some villain should swear to to claim him, and that some villain should swear to his identity. There is more protection there for a his identity. There is more protection there for a horse, for a donkey, or anything, rather than a horse, for a donkey, or anything, rather than a colored man” – Frederick Douglasscolored man” – Frederick Douglass

Nine Northern states passed Nine Northern states passed personal liberty laws personal liberty laws Southern slave owners were infuriated by the Southern slave owners were infuriated by the

North’s resistance North’s resistance

Fugitive Slave ImagesFugitive Slave Images

As time went on, African Americans and As time went on, African Americans and white abolitionists became known as the white abolitionists became known as the Underground Railroad Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman became one of the most became one of the most famous conductors famous conductors

The Underground Railroad escape route The Underground Railroad escape route was extremely dangerous despite help was extremely dangerous despite help from conductors from conductors

Once fugitive slaves reached the North, a Once fugitive slaves reached the North, a major decision had to be mademajor decision had to be made

The Underground The Underground RailroadRailroad

The Underground RailroadThe Underground Railroad

Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin 1852, abolitionist 1852, abolitionist Harriet Harriet

Beecher Stowe Beecher Stowe published published Uncle Tom’s Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Delivered the message that Delivered the message that slavery was a great moral slavery was a great moral struggle struggle

Northerners increased their Northerners increased their protests to the Fugitive protests to the Fugitive Slave Act – Southerners Slave Act – Southerners criticized the book as an criticized the book as an attack on the South as a attack on the South as a wholewhole

Tension in Kansas and Tension in Kansas and NebraskaNebraska

1854, Stephen Douglas 1854, Stephen Douglas developed a proposal to developed a proposal to divide the huge territory divide the huge territory west of Iowa and west of Iowa and Missouri into two Missouri into two territories – Kansas and territories – Kansas and Nebraska Nebraska

Douglas failed to Douglas failed to comprehend how comprehend how strongly opposed to strongly opposed to slavery most slavery most Northerners had Northerners had becomebecome

January 23, 1854, January 23, 1854, Douglas officially Douglas officially proposed his proposed his Kansas-Kansas-Nebraska Act Nebraska Act

90-percent of Southern 90-percent of Southern congressmen voted for congressmen voted for the bill the bill

Violence Erupts in Violence Erupts in “Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

By March 1855, Kansas has enough settlers to By March 1855, Kansas has enough settlers to hold an election for a territorial legislature hold an election for a territorial legislature

Thousands of “border ruffians” from Missouri Thousands of “border ruffians” from Missouri crossed into Kansas and voted illegally crossed into Kansas and voted illegally

Anti-slavery proponents quickly set up a rival Anti-slavery proponents quickly set up a rival government in Topeka government in Topeka

May 21, 1856 – “The Sack of Lawrence” occurs in May 21, 1856 – “The Sack of Lawrence” occurs in the antislavery town the antislavery town

May 24th, May 24th, John Brown John Brown retaliated with the retaliated with the “Pottawatomie Massacre” “Pottawatomie Massacre”

The entire territory quickly became known as The entire territory quickly became known as Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas

Violence in the SenateViolence in the Senate May 19, Mass. Senator Charles Sumner May 19, Mass. Senator Charles Sumner

delivered his “Crime Against Kansas” delivered his “Crime Against Kansas” speech speech

May 22, Congressman Preston S. Brooks May 22, Congressman Preston S. Brooks attacked Sumner attacked Sumner

Southerners showered Brooks with Southerners showered Brooks with applause and even new canes applause and even new canes

As the two sections grew further apart, the As the two sections grew further apart, the old national parties were town apart, and old national parties were town apart, and new political parties began to emergenew political parties began to emerge