discoverdiscoverarmfield.com/media/transfer/doc/fe_series_web.pdf · apparatus - fel5 demonstration...

IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT – FEL/FEXFE SERIES

Soil/Water Model Tank - FEL2

Demonstration Infiltration Apparatus - FEL5

Demonstration Lysimeter - FEL6

Drain Permeameter -FEL10

Soil Moisture Suction Sand Table - FEL4

Flumes and Gauging Weirs - FEX26

WSC Flumes - FEX26 Float Operated Tilting Gate - FEX40

Rainfall Simulator - FEL3

ISSUE 1This data sheet is available online at:

discoverarmfield.com/en/products/index/series:fe

™enviro

PRODUCTS

*

WITH DISCOVER

ARMFIELD FE SERIES - IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT

Armfield offer a wide variety of equipment for the study of irrigation and water management. This includes laboratory equipment for teaching purposes, which can also be used to analyse soil samples taken in the field and a wide selection of open channel flumes and weirs for field installations.

Flumes and Gauging Weirs FEX26-1-11A wide range of equipment for meauring and investigating open channel flow in the field is available. This includes:• Parshall Flumes• Washington State College (WSC) Flumes• Thin Plate Weirs• Broad-Crested and Crump Weirs

Sluicegates and Control Structures FEX40-3-7A range of field equipment including:• Sluicegates• Automatic Water Control Gates• Float Operated Tilting Gate• Floating Weir Gate

The range includes:Soil/Water Model Tank FEL2Used to demonstrate sub-surface effects, surface effects and irrigation rates to students. It can also be used to investigate and compare different soil types and samples taken from the field.

Rainfall Simulator FEL3Can be used both in the laboratory and in the field to demonstrate and investigate rainfall effects onto soil and the associated erosion mechanisms.

Soil Moisture and Suction Sand Table FEL4Used to demonstrate soil suction, water retentivity and soil moisture characteristics to students. Can also be used to investigate and compare different soil types and samples taken from the field.

Demonstration Infiltration Apparatus FEL5Used to demonstrate infiltration to students. Can also be used to investigate and compare different soil types and samples taken from the field.

Demonstration Lysimeter FEL6Used to demonstrate and investigate transpiration and plant water usage.

Drain Permeameter FEL10Used in the laboratory to demonstrate field draining, and can be used to investigate different drain filter materials and filter/soil combinations.

ARMFIELD FE SERIES - IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT SOIL/WATER MODEL TANK – FEL2 For laboratory-scale investigations of surface irrigation and related systems

DESCRIPTION

The apparatus consists of a narrow transparent fronted tank, which may be partially filled with any soil type. It is supported on a bench mounted frame. The equipment is self-contained with a sump tank, pump and flow meter fitted behind the tank. Water may be discharged along the soil surface or directed to twin drip nozzles to demonstrate trickle irrigation. Measurement of rates of water penetration into the soil is aided by a grid on the tank front. Removable end plates enable soil samples to be changed quickly and easily.

REQUIREMENTS

Cold water supply Electrical supply: FEL2-A: 220-240V/1Ph/50Hz FEL2-B: 120V/1Ph/60Hz FEL2-G: 220-240V/1Ph/60Hz

INSTRUCTIONAL CAPABILITIES

As a result of using this equipment students will be able to:

> Understand surface and sub-surface effects of surface water application

> Understand optimum irrigation application rates to maximise infiltration and minimise surface run-off

> Visualise the drainage systems

OVERALL DIMENSIONS

Height: 0.75m Width: 1.1m Depth: 0.5m

SHIPPING SPECIFICATION

Volume: 0.9m3 Gross weight: 130kg

ORDERING SPECIFICATIONSoil/Water Model Tank comprising:

• Sand tank, 1.00m x 0.025m x 0.450m (L x W x H)

• One large side formed from a sheet of transparent material

• Metal frame supporting sump tank from which water is pumped via a flow meter to the soil surface

• Flood and drip surface outlets (two can be used together by fitting a Y-connector)

• Overflow system to remove surface water to sump

• Complete with instruction manual

FEL3 spray head detail

RAINFALL SIMULATOR – FEL3 For use in simulated soil erosion and stabilisation studies

DESCRIPTION The Rainfall Simulator consists of a metal frame that supports the spray head assembly. The unit may be placed directly on the ground for field studies or used with its accessory tray for laboratory experiments. In use, water is pumped from the holding tank via a control valve to the spray nozzle.

Water from the spray nozzle is interrupted by a horizontal rotating disc driven by a variable speed motor. Adjustable width apertures in the disc enable some water to pass and the remainder is recirculated via the tank. For use in field or laboratory, electrical and water supplies are required.

REQUIREMENTS

Cold water supply Electrical supply: FEL3-A: 220-240V/1Ph/50Hz FEL3-B: 120V/1Ph/60Hz FEL3-G: 220-240V/1Ph/60Hz



> Investigate the relationship between rainfall intensity and soil erosion

> Investigate the nature of soil erosion potential on different soil types

> Investigate the methods by which soil erosion may be prevented

OVERALL DIMENSIONS




ORDERING SPECIFICATIONRainfall Simulator comprising:

• Spray head assembly supported by metal stand

• Storage tank from which water is pumped to spray head via flow meter and control valve

• Small square test plots

• Field test plots

• Tilting stand for test plots

• Sample vessels

• Rain gauges


FEL3 accessories

FEL3

Detail of FEL4

FEL4

SOIL MOISTURE SUCTION SAND TABLE – FEL4 For the derivation of soil moisture characteristic curves

DESCRIPTION

The equipment consists of a free-standing circular tank filled with saturated sand (not supplied).

Equilibrated soil samples placed on the sand are then subjected to a known variable suction range of 0-800mm of water. The suction is applied by means of a buried porous pipe and an associated sliding control chamber. In order to maintain the suction, an uninterrupted low volume water supply is required.

A lightweight cover is provided to prevent evaporative water loss during experiments and the table is large enough to permit the simultaneous evaluation of several samples.

REQUIREMENTS

Cold water supply: Connection to a permanent cold water supply Drain (cold water): Suitable laboratory drain required



> Understand the principles of water retentivity in terms of soil suction

> Understand the relationship between water retentivity and soil

> Derive soil moisture characteristic curves for a variety of soil

OVERALL DIMENSIONS




ORDERING SPECIFICATIONSoil Moisture Suction Sand Table comprising:

• 300mm diameter, with sliding suction control chamber giving tension range 0-800mm of water (using sandy-loam)

• Complete with three soil sample retaining rings (80mm diameter)


FEL5

ORDERING SPECIFICATION Demonstration Infiltration Apparatus comprising:

• Three graduated perspex cylinders, resting on a permeable support screen, into which soil samples are placed

• Complete apparatus is supported by a metal stand

• Can be bench mounted


DESCRIPTION The Armfield Demonstration Infiltration Apparatus provides a simple but effective laboratory demonstration of the infiltration processes, which are fundamental to any form of irrigation.

The unit comprises three transparent cylinders in which soil samples are placed. Water poured onto the soil surface can then be observed as it infiltrates the sample.

Each cylinder features a graduated scale so that observations may be quantified. Each cylinder incorporates an air breather and a perforated base plate to facilitate drainage without undue soil loss.

REQUIREMENTS

Cold water supply



> Understand the effects of soil texture and structure on infiltration

> Understand the effects of existing soil moisture conditions on infiltration

OVERALL DIMENSIONS




DEMONSTRATION INFILTRATION APPARATUS – FEL5 For the laboratory demonstration of infiltration processes

ORDERING SPECIFICATIONDemonstration Lysimeter Apparatus comprising:

• Base and inner disc to support soil filled container and plant, resting on a hydraulic sensing device located in the base that is connected to a graduated water column mounted above the lysimeter

• Complete with spare plant containers


DESCRIPTION

The Armfield Lysimeter consists of three 300mm diameter containers in which a variety of crop types can be grown in any soil type.

Each container can then in turn be placed on a hydraulically mounted plate, which is used to monitor system weight changes arising from evapotranspiration.

Despite its simplicity, the apparatus has a high degree of sensitivity and may be used for student project work as well as for demonstration purposes.



> Use Lysimeter apparatus> Determine plant water usage> Understand the relationship between

re ference maximum and actual transpiration

OVERALL DIMENSIONS




DEMONSTRATION LYSIMETER – FEL6 For the measurement of evapotranspiration by the water-balance method

ORDERING SPECIFICATIONDrain Permeameter comprising:

• Acrylic column, 100mm diameter supported on a metal stand

• Removable test section is provided at the base of the column to house the filter medium to be tested

• May be bench mounted


DESCRIPTION The Armfield Drain Permeameter is suited for use both as a teaching and demonstration tool and for laboratory testing and research. The equipment consists of a 100mm diameter transparent column, which may be filled with any soil type. A removable base section is provided into which the filter material to be investigated is placed.

Water is added to the column under a constant head and permeating water and soil is collected at the base. The discharge from the drain can be monitored to assess the efficiency of the filter material.

The apparatus is supported on a sturdy metal frame and may be conveniently placed on a laboratory bench close to a water supply and drain.

REQUIREMENTS

Cold water supply



> Determine relative efficiencies of drain filter materials> Select optimum filter/soil combinations

OVERALL DIMENSIONS




DRAIN PERMEAMETER – FEL10 For the laboratory investigation of field drain filter materials

FEX26-1/2/3 Parshall Flumes

ORDERING SPECIFICATION

• Parshall Flumes constructed in GRP

• Supplied with measuring scales, spirit levels and calibration curves

DESCRIPTION

Named after the inventor, this widely used flume causes little head loss and passes sediment readily. Constructed in Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP), flumes are supplied with measuring scales, spirit levels and calibration curves.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

FEX26-1: Parshall Flume 25mm throat for flows 0.3 to 5 l/sec



OVERALL DIMENSIONS

FEX26-1: Height: 0.270m Width: 0.360m Length: 0.710m




FEX26-1: Volume: 0.24m3 Gross weight: 40kg



PARSHALL FLUMES – FEX26-1/2/3FLUMES AND GAUGING WEIRS – FEX26-1–11 A series of flumes and weirs for the measurement of water flow rates in open channels

FEX26-1/2/3 Parshall Flumes

All flumes and weirs in the FEX26 series have the following features:

• Low Cost

• Highly Portable

• Extremely Durable

FEX26 series comprising:

FEX26-1/2/3 Parshall Flumes FEX26-4/5/6 WSC Flumes FEX26-7 Thin Plate Weirs & Accessories FEX26-8 Stilling Well with Depth Gauge FEX26-9 Channel section FEX26-10 Broad-Crested Weir FEX26-11 Crump Weir

FEX26-4 WSC Flume

Discharge (L/sec)

Up

stre

am

wa

ter l

eve

l (g

aug

e)

mm

Calibration curve for a typical WSC Flume

FEX26-4/5/6 WSC Flumes

ORDERING SPECIFICATION• WSC Flumes constructed in GRP • Fitted with depth measuring scale • Supplied with calibration curve

DESCRIPTION This trapezoidal design of flume, developed by Washington State College (WSC) for field irrigation, has many advantages over a rectangular flume. It gives a greater depth range, conforms closely to the channel section and enables sediment to pass more freely. Constructed in Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP), these flumes are fitted with a depth measuring scale supplied with calibration curve.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

FEX26-4: WSC Flume for flows 0.1 to 2.0 l/sec FEX26-5: WSC Flume for flows 1.0 to 7.5 l/sec FEX26-6: WSC Flume for flows 6.0 to 76 l/sec

OVERALL DIMENSIONS








WSC FLUMES – FEX26-4/5/6

FEX26-7

ORDERING SPECIFICATION• Thin Plate Weirs constructed of stainless steel and

mounted on a painted weir plate carrier with a simple head scale attached

DESCRIPTION

Armfield Thin Plate Weirs are constructed of stainless steel and mounted on a painted weir plate carrier, which can set either into the banks and bed of a small stream or fixed to the end of a concrete channel. A simple head scale is attached to each weir plate but a stilling well can be fitted for greater accuracy.

The following weir plates are supplied: Rectangular Weir, Cipoletti Weir, 90° V-notch Weir, ½ 90° V-notch Weir.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Rectangular Weir: Max flow rate of 28 l/secCipoletti Weir: A trapezoidal shaped weir with a max flow rate of 28 l/sec90° V-notch Weir: Max flow rate of 15 l/sec½ 90° V-notch Weir: Max flow rate of 7.5 l/sec



DESCRIPTION

Depth gauge comprises 300mm hook and point gauge, resolution 0.1mm.



THIN PLATE WEIRS & ACCESSORIES – FEX26-7

STILLING WELL WITH DEPTH GAUGE – FEX26-8

ORDERING SPECIFICATION• Stilling well with depth gauge comprising

hook and point gauge

FEX26-8

FEX26-10FEX26-9 FEX26-11

DESCRIPTION – FEX26-9 A lightweight channel section made from corrosion resistant material with the provision for easy mounting of the FEX26-10/11.

DESCRIPTION – FEX26-10 Used for controlling upstream water levels and measuring discharge rate. The weir is set perpendicular to the flow across the channel bed. It is particularly useful in sediment laden waters that can be detrimental to sharp edged weirs. Made from Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP).

DESCRIPTION – FEX26-11 Named after its designer, C.S. Crump, this Broad-Crested Weir is triangular in section making it less likely to trap silt and debris. The weir is used for accurate measurement of discharge rates. Made from GRP.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

FEX26-10: Flow range: 0-30 l/sec FEX26-11: Flow range: 0-30 l/sec

OVERALL DIMENSIONS








CHANNEL SECTION – FEX26-9 | BROAD-CRESTED WEIR – FEX26-10 | CRUMP WEIR – FEX26-11

ORDERING SPECIFICATIONFEX26-9:

• Lightweight portable channel section constructed of corrosion resistant material

FEX26-10:

• Broad-Crested Weir constructed of GRP

FEX26-11:

• Triangular shaped Broad-Crested Crump Weir constructed of GRP

FEX26-9 shown with FEX26-11 Crump Weir

FEX26-9

FEX40-3/4

GAUGING AND CONTROL STRUCTURES – FEX40-3-7

FEX40 series comprising:

FEX40-3/4 Sluicegates FEX40-5/6/7 Automatic Water Control Gates: FEX40-5 Float Operated Radial Gate FEX40-6 Float Operated Tilting Gate FEX40-7 Floating Weir Gate

In a surface irrigation distribution network it is necessary to establish a command from which water may be discharged to the area where it will be applied to growing crops. Regulation of discharge, its distribution & disposal is carried out using a range of control structures selected to suit particular situations.

In order to familiarise technicians with the mode of operation of a variety of control structures, Armfield has designed & produced a range of demonstration units.

DESCRIPTION

The two types of adjustable Sluicegate, Undershot and Overshot, are widely used for the control of water in canal systems.

In the absence of more accurate devices they may be used for the approximation of flow rates.

Armfield Sluicegates are made from stainless steel and plastic and are designed to fit in a rectangular section channel 0.450m wide.

Two types are available - Undershot (FEX40-3) and Overshot (FEX40-4).

SPECIFICATION SUMMARY

Adjustable Undershot Sluicegate complete with user instruction sheetAdjustable Overshot Sluicegate complete with user instruction sheet

OVERALL DIMENSIONS

0.580m x 0.585m x 0.080m (width 0.450m)


FEX40-3/4: Volume: 0.1m3 Gross weight: 20kg

Automatic Control Gates are used extensively in canal systems for regulating water levels and discharge. They are float operated and are designed to maintain constant levels in the canal so that discharges from offtakes can be kept at a constant rate. Armfield is able to supply models of three types of gate.

FLOAT OPERATED RADIAL GATE – FEX40-5

This is a counterbalanced radial-type gate, which is controlled by means of a displacer located in a chamber. The displacer chamber is fed with upstream water via a V-notch Weir and water is discharged from the chamber downstream through a circular orifice. The flow through this orifice may be adjusted by means of a throttle valve, altering the characteristics of the gate as required. The gate, of the undershot type, provides upstream level control and is designed to fit in a rectangular channel section 0.450m wide.


Float Operated Radial Gate complete with user instruction sheet

OVERALL DIMENSIONS

Height: 0.475m Length: 0.715m Width: 0.480m



SLUICEGATES – FEX40-3/4 AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL GATES – FEX40-5/6/7

FEX40-5

FEX40-6 FEX40-7

This consists of a gate flap, which is hinged at the base. The position of the gate is controlled by means of a displacer housed in a chamber. Water is fed to the chamber from the upstream side over a V-notch Weir and discharged downstream through an orifice.

A throttle valve enables the orifice flow to be controlled and the gate characteristics to be modified as required. The gate, of the overshot type, provides a further method of control of upstream level and is designed to fit in a rectangular channel section 0.450m wide.


Float Operated Tilting Gate complete with instruction manual

OVERALL DIMENSIONS




FLOAT OPERATED TILTING GATE – FEX40-6 FLOATING WEIR GATE – FEX40-7

This is a radial-type gate incorporating buoyancy tanks. The gate floats at a constant depth so the head of water over the gate crest remains constant despite variations in upstream level. The gate is suitable for applications where constant flow is required, for example in irrigation canal offtakes, and is designed to fit in a rectangular channel section 0.450m wide.


Floating Weir Gate complete with instruction manual

OVERALL DIMENSIONS




learn more! discoverarmfield.com/en/products/index/series:s

The Armfield S17 is a professionally built simulation tank to demonstrate and simulate the formation of river features, including flow and bed load motion. It makes an excellent introduction to the study of fluvial geomorphology and can also demonstrate sophisticated and advanced concepts for research purposes.

EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES

• Experimental investigation on erosion and deposition

• Characteristics of meandering water courses

• Formation of river features and development over time: – erosion – deposition – thalweg – cut banks – sand point bars – riffles – straight, braided and meandering channels

• Sediment transport and bedload motion capabilities

• Determination of hydrographs from model behaviour

• Channel morphology studies

The Armfield S12MkII demonstrates some of the major physical processes found in hydrology and fluvial geomorphology, including: rainfall hydrographs for catchment areas of varying permeability; the abstraction of ground water by wells, both with and without surface recharge from rainfall; the formation of river features and effects of sediment transport.

Realistic results can be obtained from this small-scale, floor standing apparatus, which can be conveniently located and requires no special services.

EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES

• Determination of run-off hydrographs from model catchments - including multiple storms, moving storms, effect of reservoir storage and land drains

• Construction of draw-down curves for one or two well systems in a sand bed

• Hydraulic gradients in ground water flow

• Investigation of model stream flow in alluvial material

• Formation of river features and development over time

• Sediment transport, bedload motion, scour and erosion

Introducing the Armfield S:Series Applied Hydraulics and Hydrology.

S12MkII Advanced Hydrology Study System

S17 River Flow Simulator

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/s17

view full details online:www.armfield.co.uk/s12

Head Office: Armfield Limited Bridge House, West Street, Ringwood, Hampshire. BH24 1DY England

Telephone: +44 1425 478781Fax: +44 1425 470916E-mail: [email protected]

U.S. Office: Armfield Inc. 9 Trenton - Lakewood Road Clarksburg NJ 08510Tel/Fax: (609) 208-2800 E-mail: [email protected]

An ISO 9001 Company

Innovators in Engineering Teaching Equipment

learn more! www.armfield.co.uk

Find us on YouTube! www.youtube.com/user/armfieldUKFollow us on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and WordPress

Scan QR code* to visit our website* Scan with smartphone with

QR code scanning software installed.

©2014 Armfield Ltd. All Rights Reserved We reserve the right to amend these specifications without prior notice. E&OE 03/14/3kCorrect at time of going to press.

*

* Excluding DLMx range

WITH DISCOVER

discoverdiscoverarmfield.com/media/transfer/doc/fe_series_web.pdf · apparatus - fel5 demonstration...

Documents