Disasters in IndiaDisasters in India(Types & Consequences)(Types & Consequences)

&&Nature of Civil Defence Nature of Civil Defence

Organization Organization

Mohandas Karamchand GandhiWe pay homage to the Pioneer of Indian Ambulance Corps in South

Africa as first voluntary service organized by an Indian in Modern Times.

Mahatma Gandhi was awarded QSA Boer War MedalMahatma Gandhi was awarded QSA Boer War Medal in 1900in 1900

A A TributeTribute

Civil Defence in Civil Defence in IndiaIndia

Building People’s Disaster ResilienceBuilding People’s Disaster Resilience

Civil Defence in Civil Defence in IndiaIndia

Building People’s Disaster ResilienceBuilding People’s Disaster Resilience

Civil DefenceCivil Defence

Civil Defence all over the world and in Civil Defence all over the world and in India has been a government program that India has been a government program that provides guidance and assistance in provides guidance and assistance in preparing for, responding to and preparing for, responding to and recovering from public emergencies that recovering from public emergencies that result from conflict or natural disasters. result from conflict or natural disasters.

CD MeasuresCD Measures

Civil Defence measures are designed to Civil Defence measures are designed to deal with immediate emergency deal with immediate emergency conditions, protect the public and restore conditions, protect the public and restore vital services and facilities that have been vital services and facilities that have been destroyed or damaged by disaster.destroyed or damaged by disaster.

Major Tasks of Civil DefenceMajor Tasks of Civil Defence To make sure that the public is warned of danger and To make sure that the public is warned of danger and

provided with instructions on how to avoid hazards. provided with instructions on how to avoid hazards. Advice people to protect themselves by either Advice people to protect themselves by either

evacuating the area or remain and take shelter. evacuating the area or remain and take shelter. Organizing immediate relief to the survivors. Organizing immediate relief to the survivors. Support emergency servicesSupport emergency services

Rescue Operations Rescue Operations Firefighting Firefighting Law Enforcement Law Enforcement Medical CareMedical Care Public Works repair Public Works repair Provision of voluntary Food, Shelter and Clothing.Provision of voluntary Food, Shelter and Clothing.

Assist in Recovery OperationsAssist in Recovery Operations Clearance of debrisClearance of debris Restoring utility servicesRestoring utility services Managing relocations centersManaging relocations centers

What was the need ?What was the need ?

The number of incidents happening The number of incidents happening during World War II were enormous & during World War II were enormous & beyond the capacity of local beyond the capacity of local Emergency services.Emergency services.

There was a need for unifying the There was a need for unifying the overall efforts of the country to survive overall efforts of the country to survive a catastrophe & raise public morale.a catastrophe & raise public morale.

Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Internationaland relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Armed

Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.Chapter VI. Civil DefenceChapter VI. Civil Defence

Art 61. - Definitions and scopeArt 61. - Definitions and scopeFor the purpose of this Protocol:For the purpose of this Protocol:

(1) "Civil defence" means the performance of some or all of the under-mentioned (1) "Civil defence" means the performance of some or all of the under-mentioned humanitarian tasks intended to protect the civilian population against the dangers, and humanitarian tasks intended to protect the civilian population against the dangers, and to help it to recover from the immediate effects, of hostilities or disasters and also to to help it to recover from the immediate effects, of hostilities or disasters and also to provide the conditions necessary for its survival. These tasks are:provide the conditions necessary for its survival. These tasks are:

(a) warning;(a) warning;(b) evacuation;(b) evacuation;(c) management of shelters;(c) management of shelters;(d) management of blackout measures;(d) management of blackout measures;(e) rescue;(e) rescue;(f) medical services, including first aid, and religious assistance;(f) medical services, including first aid, and religious assistance;(g) fire-fighting;(g) fire-fighting;(h) detection and marking of danger areas;(h) detection and marking of danger areas;(i) decontamination and similar protective measures;(i) decontamination and similar protective measures;(j) provision of emergency accommodation and supplies;(j) provision of emergency accommodation and supplies;(k) emergency assistance in the restoration and maintenance of order in distressed (k) emergency assistance in the restoration and maintenance of order in distressed areas;areas;(l) emergency repair of indispensable public utilities;(l) emergency repair of indispensable public utilities;(m) emergency disposal of the dead;(m) emergency disposal of the dead;(n) assistance in the preservation of objects essential for survival;(n) assistance in the preservation of objects essential for survival;(o) complementary activities necessary to carry out any of the tasks mentioned above, (o) complementary activities necessary to carry out any of the tasks mentioned above, including, but not limited to, planning and organization;including, but not limited to, planning and organization;

Art 62. General ProtectionArt 62. General Protection

Civilian civil defence organizations and Civilian civil defence organizations and their personnel shall be respected and their personnel shall be respected and protected, subject to the provisions of protected, subject to the provisions of this Protocol, particularly the this Protocol, particularly the provisions of this section. They shall provisions of this section. They shall be entitled to perform their civil be entitled to perform their civil defence tasks except in case of defence tasks except in case of imperative military necessity.imperative military necessity.

Article 15 : International Article 15 : International Distinctive signDistinctive sign

The international distinctive sign of civil defence provided for in The international distinctive sign of civil defence provided for in Article 66, paragraph 4, of the Protocol is an equilateral blue Article 66, paragraph 4, of the Protocol is an equilateral blue triangle on an orange groundtriangle on an orange ground. A model is shown in Figure 4:. A model is shown in Figure 4:

It is recommended that:It is recommended that:a) if the blue triangle is on a flag or armlet or tabard, the ground a) if the blue triangle is on a flag or armlet or tabard, the ground to the triangle be the orange flag, armlet or tabard;to the triangle be the orange flag, armlet or tabard;

b) one of the angles of the triangle be pointed vertically b) one of the angles of the triangle be pointed vertically upwards;upwards;

c) no angle of the triangle touch the edge of the orange groundc) no angle of the triangle touch the edge of the orange ground ..

Civil Defence in IndiaCivil Defence in India

The Civil Defence programme in The Civil Defence programme in India relies on the individual India relies on the individual and the locality, doing that and the locality, doing that

which is necessary to increase which is necessary to increase the chances of survival, to the chances of survival, to minimise damage and to minimise damage and to

recover quickly. recover quickly.

The ThreatThe Threat

India’s Security ConcernsIndia’s Security Concerns

India faces varied and complex India faces varied and complex security challenges ranging security challenges ranging from low intensity conflicts from low intensity conflicts characterized by tribal, ethnic characterized by tribal, ethnic and left wing movements and and left wing movements and ideologies ideologies

India is one of the most India is one of the most disaster prone countries disaster prone countries

in the worldin the world.. Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes;

70% of land under cultivation prone to drought;

40 million hectares to floods;

8,000 km coastline to cyclones.

A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years;

5 crore people affected annually

10 lakh houses damaged annually along with human,social and other losses

During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to natural disasters has been estimated at 7 crore US $

The TSUNAMI in the Indian Ocean

TerrorismTerrorism

The global environment has The global environment has reduced the probability of conflict reduced the probability of conflict considerably but Terrorism is on considerably but Terrorism is on the rise and becoming a cheap the rise and becoming a cheap mode for nations to commit acts mode for nations to commit acts

of aggression with less fear of of aggression with less fear of retaliation.retaliation.

Why Worry about Why Worry about Radiological Weapons ?Radiological Weapons ?Why Worry about Why Worry about Radiological Weapons ?Radiological Weapons ? Enough fissile material is missing to construct Enough fissile material is missing to construct

numerous nuclear devicesnumerous nuclear devices Enough radioactive material is missing to Enough radioactive material is missing to

contaminate large areas using Radiation contaminate large areas using Radiation Dispersion Devices (RDD) Dispersion Devices (RDD)

Technology to build a nuclear device, radiation Technology to build a nuclear device, radiation bomb, or RDD is readily availablebomb, or RDD is readily available

Nuclear weapon facilities within the former Nuclear weapon facilities within the former Soviet Union have not been well guarded or Soviet Union have not been well guarded or financed, which increased the probability of theftfinanced, which increased the probability of theft

Why Worry about Why Worry about Chemical Weapons?Chemical Weapons? Why Worry about Why Worry about Chemical Weapons?Chemical Weapons? Some countries covertly allow terrorists to use their Some countries covertly allow terrorists to use their

stockpilestockpile

The production technology is widely availableThe production technology is widely available

Production facilities can be disguised as legitimate Production facilities can be disguised as legitimate chemical business activitieschemical business activities

Terrorists have already used chemical weaponsTerrorists have already used chemical weapons

At least 28 nations have chemical weapons programsAt least 28 nations have chemical weapons programs

POISON

Why Worry about Why Worry about Biological Weapons?Biological Weapons?Why Worry about Why Worry about Biological Weapons?Biological Weapons? Theft from production facilities is likelyTheft from production facilities is likely

Production technology is widely availableProduction technology is widely available

Terrorists have already used biological weaponsTerrorists have already used biological weapons

Biological weapons production can be Biological weapons production can be disguiseddisguised as a legitimate pharmaceutical enterpriseas a legitimate pharmaceutical enterprise

At least 12 nations possess biological weaponsAt least 12 nations possess biological weapons

Why Worry about Why Worry about Big Conventional Bombs?Big Conventional Bombs?

Why Worry about Why Worry about Big Conventional Bombs?Big Conventional Bombs?

Technology is more availableTechnology is more available

Terrorist have used large Terrorist have used large bombsbombs

Military grade explosives are Military grade explosives are more availablemore available

Yield big news media Yield big news media coverage coverage

Hazardous Chemical IncidentHazardous Chemical Incident Methylisocyanate (MIC) Methylisocyanate (MIC)

incident at Bhopal, Indiaincident at Bhopal, India

3,300 people killed 3,300 people killed immediately; 16,000 after immediately; 16,000 after ten yearsten years

40 tons of MIC released 40 tons of MIC released that covered 20 Kmthat covered 20 Km22

Over 500,000 people Over 500,000 people suffered effects of gassuffered effects of gas

Ground water hazard for Ground water hazard for ten yearsten years

Climate ChangeClimate ChangeEven if we go by the estimates of Even if we go by the estimates of

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100, 5764 sq. km of India’s coastal area by 2100, 5764 sq. km of India’s coastal area will be submerged under the sea, triggering will be submerged under the sea, triggering massive migration of the people towards massive migration of the people towards hinterlandhinterland

63 million people in India and 62 million in 63 million people in India and 62 million in Bangladesh live within 10 meters of the sea Bangladesh live within 10 meters of the sea levels that includes the population of cities of levels that includes the population of cities of Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai.Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai.

Beginning of the conflicts Beginning of the conflicts Displaced people will need food, water shelter Displaced people will need food, water shelter

and jobs and jobs Government may be in a position to provide Government may be in a position to provide

shelter but already in dire state government will shelter but already in dire state government will be not be able to provide food, water and jobs be not be able to provide food, water and jobs alsoalso

Desperation will lead to agitation Desperation will lead to agitation Unable to solve the root cause of agitation will Unable to solve the root cause of agitation will

result in conflicts result in conflicts Radical Groups will exploit the situation & major Radical Groups will exploit the situation & major

conflicts will begin leading to breakdown of any conflicts will begin leading to breakdown of any semblance of administration and internal semblance of administration and internal securitysecurity

Can Civil Defence do Anything?Can Civil Defence do Anything? Relatively, small investments in Preparedness Relatively, small investments in Preparedness

against emergencies enable communities to speed against emergencies enable communities to speed up Recovery by months or years and thereby up Recovery by months or years and thereby prevent millions of deaths due to hunger, weather prevent millions of deaths due to hunger, weather and epidemics that may occur consequent to many and epidemics that may occur consequent to many major disasters. major disasters.

According to the human capital theory in economics, According to the human capital theory in economics, the country’s population is valued more than other the country’s population is valued more than other factors like land, industry and wealth due to its factors like land, industry and wealth due to its capacity to rebuild a country after its destruction by capacity to rebuild a country after its destruction by nature’s forces. Therefore, to ensure economic nature’s forces. Therefore, to ensure economic stability and security of the country it is essential that stability and security of the country it is essential that a strong Civil Defence Corps is available for a strong Civil Defence Corps is available for protection of its people.protection of its people.

Civil Defence builds ResilienceCivil Defence builds Resilience

Civil Defence has stressed on building Civil Defence has stressed on building confidence, reducing fear and uncertainty, confidence, reducing fear and uncertainty, ensure higher survival rate, assist in raising ensure higher survival rate, assist in raising people’s quality of life that has made people’s quality of life that has made economic benefits feasible. The Civil economic benefits feasible. The Civil Defence concept’s core objective has been Defence concept’s core objective has been to instill in people, the strength to to instill in people, the strength to understand that they are in control of their understand that they are in control of their own destiny and well prepared for the own destiny and well prepared for the uncertainties of the future. uncertainties of the future.

CIVIL DEFENCECIVIL DEFENCE ““Civil Defence” includes any measures, not Civil Defence” includes any measures, not

amounting to actual combat, for affording protection amounting to actual combat, for affording protection to any person, property, place or thing in India or to any person, property, place or thing in India or any part of the territory thereof against any hostile any part of the territory thereof against any hostile

attack, whether from air, land, sea or any other attack, whether from air, land, sea or any other places, or, for depriving any such attack of the places, or, for depriving any such attack of the

whole or part of its effect, whether such measures whole or part of its effect, whether such measures are taken before, during, at or after the time of such are taken before, during, at or after the time of such

attack or any measure taken for the purpose of attack or any measure taken for the purpose of disaster management, before, during, at, or after disaster management, before, during, at, or after

any disaster. any disaster.

CIVIL DEFENCE ORGANISATIONCIVIL DEFENCE ORGANISATIONCENTRAL

MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

UNION HOME MINISTER

CD COMMITTEE

HOME SECRETARY

JOINT PLANNING STAFF

Director General NDRF & CD JOINT SECRETARY

DY. SECRETARY

CD BRANCHDY. DGCD H.G. & CD

FIRE ADVISOR

SECRETARY (BM)

CIVIL DEFENCE ORGANISATIONCIVIL DEFENCE ORGANISATIONSTATE

HOME DEPARTMENT

CIVIL DEFENCE ADVISORY

COMMITTEE DIRECTOR OF

CIVIL DEFENCE

LOCAL LEVELCIVIL DEFENCE CONTROLLER

CIVIL DEFENCE OFFICER

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

ZONAL OFFICERS

DIVISIONAL WARDENS

POST WARDENS

SECTOR WARDENS

Organization in a TownOrganization in a Town CD ControllerCD Controller

Dy. CD ControllerDy. CD Controller

Zone (6 lakh) ………………….Zone (6 lakh) ………………….

Divisional Warden (2 lakh)……………Divisional Warden (2 lakh)…………… Dy. Divisional Warden Dy. Divisional Warden

Post Warden (20,000)…………..Post Warden (20,000)…………..

Sector Wardens (4000)………….Sector Wardens (4000)………….

Civil Defence CorpsCivil Defence CorpsServices RenderedServices Rendered

HEADQUARTER SERVICEHEADQUARTER SERVICEWARDEN SERVICEWARDEN SERVICECOMMUNICATION SERVICECOMMUNICATION SERVICECASUALTY SERVICECASUALTY SERVICEFIRE FIGHTING SERVICEFIRE FIGHTING SERVICETRAINING SERVICETRAINING SERVICERESCUE SERVICERESCUE SERVICESALVAGE SERVICESALVAGE SERVICEDEPOT & TRANSPORT SERVICEDEPOT & TRANSPORT SERVICESUPPLY SERVICESUPPLY SERVICEWELFARE SERVICEWELFARE SERVICECORPSE DISPOSAL SERVICECORPSE DISPOSAL SERVICE

Do we need it today ?Do we need it today ?

Obviously Obviously YESYES, because –, because –The Emergency Services are still not The Emergency Services are still not

adequate.adequate.The Response time-lag for services to The Response time-lag for services to

arrive at the scene of incident is growing arrive at the scene of incident is growing longer.longer.

The higher degree of stress for the The higher degree of stress for the Emergency Services personnel needs Emergency Services personnel needs large resource of back-up volunteers.large resource of back-up volunteers.

Training NeedsTraining NeedsThe tasks performed by Civil Defence The tasks performed by Civil Defence

volunteers with the assistance of local volunteers with the assistance of local authorities are authorities are Immediate search & rescueImmediate search & rescueMedical support and transportation Medical support and transportation Security and Traffic arrangementsSecurity and Traffic arrangementsFire Fighting supportFire Fighting support Immediate relief in the form of food, shelter, Immediate relief in the form of food, shelter,

clothingclothingDisposal of dead and carcasses. Disposal of dead and carcasses.

Conclusion Conclusion

Research into Human reactions to Research into Human reactions to Disaster has overwhelmingly recognized Disaster has overwhelmingly recognized that Resilience to Disasters is much more that Resilience to Disasters is much more commonly displayed by individuals having commonly displayed by individuals having pre-knowledge and training to withstand pre-knowledge and training to withstand the consequences. the consequences.

We Can’t do Everything

But

We Can Do Some thing

and

We Intend to

do Them Very Well

Thank youThank you