Seminar on Disaster Managementby Group A students

1. Abhay Vimal2. Abhilasha Goyal3. Ajay Solanki4. Akanksha Lamba5. Akanksha Srivastava

Under the guidance of:

Dr. Sanjay Dixit sirDr. Harish Shukla sir

INTRODUCTION

India often faces many natural calamities like floods, cyclones, drought, etc. because of its large geographical size and unpredictable climatic conditions.

WHAT IS DISASTER?

Disaster is any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.

EFFECTS OF DISASTER

Completely disrupts the normal day to day life.

Negative influence on emergency system

Normal needs and processes affected

MAIN FEATURES OF DISASTER

UnpredictabilityUnfamiliaritySpeedUrgencyUncertaintyThreat

Thus, in simple terms we can define disaster as a hazard causing heavy loss to life, property and livelihood.

TYPES OF DISASTERMajor natural disasters:•Flood•Cyclone•Drought•Earthquake

Minor natural disasters:•Cold wave•Heat waves•Mud slides•Thunderstorms

Major man made disasters:•Setting of fires•Epidemic•Deforestation•Chemical pollution•Wars

Minor man made disasters:•Road train accidents•Food poisoning•Environmental pollution•Industrial disasters

PARAMETERS OF DISASTER

RiskVulnerabilityHazards

disaster risk= hazard + vulnerability

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

                      

DISASTER IMPACT AND RESPONSE

Steps for Management of Mass Casualties:

• Search, rescue and first aid• Field care• Triage and Tagging• Hospitalization and Treatment• Care of the dead

Search, Rescue and First aid

Field Care

Adequate health care facilities• Bed availability• Food and shelter• Center for responding

to enquiries• Identification of victims• Adequate mortuary space

Triage

Classifying the injured on basis of severity of injuries and likelihood of survival with medical intervention.

High priority: prognosis can be affected by medical intervention

Low priority: require great deal of attention with questionable benefit.

Triage (cont..)

Triage: Four Color Code System

Red- high priority or transfer

Yellow- medium priority

Green- ambulatory patients

Black- dead

Tagging

Tagging: For Identification

Care of the Dead

Removal of dead bodies

Shifting to mortuary

Identification

Reception of relatives

Relief Phase

Relief phase: assistance from outside

Steps in Managing Relief Supplies:• Acquisition of supplies• Transportation• Storage• Distribution

Relief supplies:• Emergency phase• Delayed phase

Vaccination

WHO does not recommend typhoid and cholera vaccination in endemic areas.

Recommended for health workers Best protection- routine immunization

Nutrition

Food relief programme:

Steps for ensuring effectiveness-• Assess food supplies• Assess nutritional needs• Monitor nutritional status

Rehabilitation

Definition Services under rehabilitation:• Water supply • Food safety• Basic sanitation and personal hygiene• Vector control

Water Supply

Survey of all public water supplies:• Microbiological• Chlorination• Chemical Measures of protection of water sources

Food Safety

Poor hygiene- cause of food borne disease

Maintain:• Kitchen sanitation• Personal hygiene

Basic Sanitation and Personal Hygiene

Fecal contamination of food and water- causes communicable diseases

Emergency latrines Facilities provided: washing, cleaning

and bathing

Vector Control

Control programme: intensified Special concern:

dengue fever,

malaria,

leptospirosis,

rat bite fever,

typhus and plague

Disaster Mitigation

Measures include:• Flood mitigation works• Land use planning• Improved building course• Reduction of vulnerable population and

structures

Types of Mitigation

Structural: proper layout of buildings

example- flood levees Non structural:

example- legislation, land use planning, insurance

Hazard specific risks: Rh

Combines probability and level of impact

Rh = H x Vh

Rh = Hazard specific risk

H = Hazard

Vh = Population vulnerability to the hazard

Personal Mitigation Knowing and avoiding unnecessary

risks Example: avoid buying property exposed to

hazard Measures of personal structural

mitigation: • Earthquake valve• Seismic retrofits• House built on poles

PREPAREDNESS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

It is a program of long term developmental activities whose goals are to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of a country to manage efficiently all types of emergency.

WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?

Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for use when a disaster occurs, i.e. PLANNING.

survival kit -

72hr kit

OBJECTIVES OF PREPAREDNESS

PROGRAM To ensure provision of assistance

to victims To facilitate relief measures To provide rehabilitation

services Disaster preparedness handbook

CORNERSTONE OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

PROGRAM Community members Resources Organizations Administrations

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS

Community members have the most to lose from being vulnerable to disasters and most to gain from preparedness program.The first response always comes from within the community.Resources are most easily pooled at community levelFor sustained development

MEASURES FOR PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM

Evaluation of risk Multiagency co-ordination Communication plans Organization of information systems Community emergency response team Adoption of standards and regulations

MEASURES FOR PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM

(contd.) Emergency shelters

and evacuation plans Stock piling, inventory,

supplies and equipment Emergency operation centre Trained volunteers amongst civilians Development of educational programs

PERSONAL PROTECTION

Measures to be taken during all emergencies:

1.Do not use the phone except to call for help. 112- Emergency phone no

2.Listen to messages broadcasted by radio and other means of communication.

3.Keep a family emergency kit ready

FLOODS

Beforehand measures

During a flood measures

After flood measures

STORM, HURRICANE & TORNADOES

Beforehand measures

During an emergency

After the emergency

EARTHQUAKES

Beforehand measures

During an earthquake

After the emergency

DISASTERS IN INDIA

DISASTERS IN INDIA

Cyclic weather variations:

Northern mountains- Snow storms, landslides, earthquakes

Eastern- Floods and cyclones

Western- Droughts

8 major natural calamities a year

DISASTERS IN INDIA (contd.)

Orissa- Cyclone (29th October 1999)

Gujarat- Earthquake (26th January 2001)

Tamil Nadu- Tsunami (December 2004)

ROLE PLAYED BY GOVERNMENT

State Government- Execution of reliefCentral Government- Supplementation

of final resources Ministry of Agriculture- Nodal ministry

for coordination of all activities

during a natural disaster

Disaster Management Act ( DMA) 2005

President of India gave assent to DMA 2005 on Jan 9, 2006.

Act comprises of 79 sections and 11 chapters..

Natural disaster management

authority

EMERGENCY MEDICAL RELIEF WING

Health is an important part of disaster management. So under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare there is a wing called “Emergency Medical Relief” Wing.

FOREWARNING THE DISASTER

IMD (Indian Meteorological Department). It has 5 centres.

DWS (Disaster Warning System), Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

SASE (Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment), Manali.

MAN MADE DISASTERS

3 categories: Sudden disasters e.g. Bhopal Gas

TragedyChernobyl

accident

Insidious disasters e.g. Research Labs & Chemical Plants

Wars and Civil conflicts e.g. World Trade Centre

World Disaster Reduction Day-

2nd Wednesday Of October

THANK YOU