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SEMANTIC WEB SEMANTIC WEB OPPORTUNITIES OPPORTUNITIES

FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIESFOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES

Enrique HerreraEnrique Herrera--ViedmaViedmaPamplona, Pamplona, DecemberDecember 20082008

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

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DIGITAL LIBRARIES (DL)DIGITAL LIBRARIES (DL)

TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL GoalGoal ofof DL:DL:offeroffer accessaccess toto largelarge amountsamounts ofof

contentcontent in in formform ofof digital digital documentsdocuments

((booksbooks, , journalsjournals))

QuestionQuestion::DL DL havehave toto makemake theirtheir informationinformation

sourcessources availableavailable toto a a widerwideraudienceaudience

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DIGITAL LIBRARIES (DL)DIGITAL LIBRARIES (DL)

TRADITIONAL PROBLEM: TRADITIONAL PROBLEM:

HOW TO ALLOW AN EASY ACCESS TO THE HOW TO ALLOW AN EASY ACCESS TO THE USER INFORMATION NEEDS?USER INFORMATION NEEDS?

SOLUTION:SOLUTION:APPLICATION OF WEB TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION OF WEB TECHNOLOGIES ((ProcessingProcessing, , disseminationdissemination, , storagestorage, , searchsearch

andand analysisanalysis ofof allall typestypes ofof digital digital informatoninformaton))

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EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL LIBRARIESLIBRARIES

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WEB TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN DLWEB TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN DLThreeThree kindskinds ofof webweb technologiestechnologies::

•• APPLYING TECHNOLOGIES WEB 1.0: APPLYING TECHNOLOGIES WEB 1.0:

DIGITAL LIBRARY 1.0 DIGITAL LIBRARY 1.0 (THE PAST)(THE PAST)

•• APPLYING TECHNOLOGIES WEB 2.0: APPLYING TECHNOLOGIES WEB 2.0:

DIGITAL LIBRARY 2.0 DIGITAL LIBRARY 2.0 (THE PRESENT)(THE PRESENT)

•• APPLYING TECHNOLOGIES FROM THE WEB 3.0:APPLYING TECHNOLOGIES FROM THE WEB 3.0:

DIGITAL LIBRARY 3.0 DIGITAL LIBRARY 3.0 (THE FUTURE)(THE FUTURE)

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DIGITAL LIBRARY 1.0DIGITAL LIBRARY 1.0

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BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 1.0 BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 1.0 andand DL 1.0DL 1.0

•• TheThe webweb as a as a portal portal ofof informationinformation

•• FocusedFocused onon informationinformation ofof thethe sitessitesexclusivelyexclusively

•• BasedBased onon owningowning contentcontent

•• DrawbacksDrawbacks::•• InteractionInteraction•• ScalabilityScalability

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DIGITAL LIBRARY 2.0DIGITAL LIBRARY 2.0

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BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 2.0BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 2.0From the OFrom the O’’Reilly pieceReilly piece::““A core concept of Web 2.0 is that A core concept of Web 2.0 is that people people

are the content of sitesare the content of sites. That is, a site is . That is, a site is not populated with information for users to not populated with information for users to consume. Instead, services are provided to consume. Instead, services are provided to individual users for them to build networks individual users for them to build networks of friends and other groups (professional, of friends and other groups (professional, recreational, etc.). recreational, etc.). The content of a site The content of a site then, comprises userthen, comprises user--provided provided information that attracts new members information that attracts new members of an everof an ever--expanding networkexpanding network..””

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BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 2.0BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 2.0•• TheThe webweb as a as a platformplatform ofof servicesservices

•• FocusedFocused onon useruser communitiescommunities ((createcreate andand validatevalidatecontentcontent))

•• BasedBased onon sharingsharing contentcontent

• Emphasis on ease of use

•• BasedBased onon InteractivityInteractivity

•• DrawbacksDrawbacks::•• PersonalizationPersonalization•• TrueTrue portabilityportability•• InteroperatibilityInteroperatibility

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2.02.0--stylestyle ServiceService ExamplesExamplesBlogging

User tagging

Folksonomies

User comments

User ratings

RSS feeds

Feed aggregators

Wikis

Skypecasts

Community citationservices

Community photo services

Community book services

IDEA:IDEA: TO APPLY THESE TOOLS in TO APPLY THESE TOOLS in DLsDLs

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Digital Digital LibraryLibrary 2.0: 2.0: PropertiesProperties

The library is everywhereThe library is everywhere

The library has no barriersThe library has no barriers

The library invites participationThe library invites participation

The library uses flexible, bestThe library uses flexible, best--ofof--breed, breed, componentcomponent--based systemsbased systems

The library is a humanThe library is a human--centered organizationcentered organization

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Digital Digital LibraryLibrary 1.0 versus Digital 1.0 versus Digital LibraryLibrary 2.0 2.0

Digital Library 1.0 is a Digital Library 1.0 is a pullpull modelmodel•• Acquire / store / lend / findAcquire / store / lend / find

Digital Library 2.0 is a Digital Library 2.0 is a pushpush modelmodel•• Acquire / store / Acquire / store / broadcastbroadcast / / converseconverse

PROBLEMS OF DL 2.0:PROBLEMS OF DL 2.0:•• PERSONALIZATIONPERSONALIZATION•• INTEROPERATIBILITYINTEROPERATIBILITY

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DIGITAL LIBRARY 3.0DIGITAL LIBRARY 3.0

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BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 3.0 BASIC CONCEPTS IN WEB 3.0

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WhatWhat isis thethe SemanticSemantic Web?Web?

•• An extension of the current Web in which An extension of the current Web in which information is given wellinformation is given well--defined meaning, defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. [work in cooperation. [Tim BernersTim Berners--LeeLee]]

•• Semantic Web is able to describe things in Semantic Web is able to describe things in a way that computers can understanda way that computers can understand

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ToolsTools ofof SemanticSemantic Web:Web:

•• RDFRDF (Resource Description Framework): (Resource Description Framework): AAfundamental fundamental datadata formatformat for describing for describing information and resources. Putting information information and resources. Putting information into RDF files makes it possible for into RDF files makes it possible for ““scuttersscutters”” or or RDF crawlers to RDF crawlers to search, discover, pick up, search, discover, pick up, collectcollect, , analyseanalyse and and processprocess information from information from the Webthe Web

•• Ontology languagesOntology languages for for modelingmodeling de data de data sourcesource’’s semantics: RDFs semantics: RDF SchemaSchema, OWL, , OWL, ectect..

•• IDEA:IDEA: TO APPLY THESE TOOLS in TO APPLY THESE TOOLS in DLsDLs

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SemanticSemantic Web Technologies Web Technologies forfor DLsDLs::

MetadataMetadata is the keyis the key conceptconceptthe Web the Web does not havedoes not have metadatametadata•• the idea of a Semantic Web is nice but difficult to the idea of a Semantic Web is nice but difficult to implementimplement

DLsDLs do havedo have metadata in place:metadata in place:•• We must make them available in a machine understandable formatWe must make them available in a machine understandable format•• Semantic Web provides the format: RDF Semantic Web provides the format: RDF

DLsDLs already havealready have controlled vocabularies, taxonomies controlled vocabularies, taxonomies or even or even ontologiesontologies in place:in place:•• We have to model this knowledge in a machine understandable wayWe have to model this knowledge in a machine understandable way•• Semantic Web provides Semantic Web provides ontologyontology languagelanguages:s: RDFRDF SchemaSchema oror OWLOWL

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DL 3.0 DL 3.0 basedbased onon SemanticSemantic Web= Web= SEMANTIC DLSEMANTIC DL

•• integrateintegrate information based on different metadata, e.g.: information based on different metadata, e.g.: resources, user profiles, bookmarks, taxonomiesresources, user profiles, bookmarks, taxonomies –– high high quality semantics = highly and meaningfully connected quality semantics = highly and meaningfully connected informationinformation

•• provide provide interoperabilityinteroperability with other systems (not only digital with other systems (not only digital libraries) on either metadata or communication level or both libraries) on either metadata or communication level or both –– RDF as common denominator between digital libraries and RDF as common denominator between digital libraries and other servicesother services

•• delivering more robust, delivering more robust, user friendly and adaptable search user friendly and adaptable search and browsingand browsing interfaces empowered by semanticsinterfaces empowered by semantics

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SemanticSemantic DL: DL: EvolvingEvolving KnowledgeKnowledge SpaceSpace

In stateIn state--ofof--thethe--art digital libraries users are art digital libraries users are consumersconsumers•• Retrieve contents based on available bibliographic recordsRetrieve contents based on available bibliographic records (DL 1.0)(DL 1.0)

Recent trends: Recent trends: user communitiesuser communities (DL 2.0)(DL 2.0)•• ConneteaConnetea•• FlickrFlickr

In Semantic In Semantic DLDL users are users are consumersconsumers//contributerscontributers//advisorsadvisors•• Tagging (Web 2.0)Tagging (Web 2.0)•• Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering •• AnnotationsAnnotations

SemanticSemantic DDLL enforce the enforce the transition from a static information to a transition from a static information to a dynamic (collaborative) knowledge spacedynamic (collaborative) knowledge space

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SemanticSemantic DLsDLs: BENEFITS: BENEFITS

TThe two main benefits of Semantic DL: he two main benefits of Semantic DL: new search paradigmsnew search paradigms for the information for the information spacespace•• OntologyOntology--based search / facet searchbased search / facet search•• CommunityCommunity--enabled browsingenabled browsing

providing interoperabilityproviding interoperability on the data levelon the data level•• integratingintegrating metadata from various heterogeneous metadata from various heterogeneous

sourcessources•• InterconnectingInterconnecting different digital library systemsdifferent digital library systems

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SemanticSemantic Digital Digital LibrariesLibraries: : ExamplesExamples

JeromeDLJeromeDL•• a social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and a social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and

Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and and usabilityusability

BRICKSBRICKS•• aims at establishing the organizational and technological foundaaims at establishing the organizational and technological foundations tions

for a digital library network in order to share knowledge and for a digital library network in order to share knowledge and resources in the cultural heritage domain.resources in the cultural heritage domain.

FEDORAFEDORA•• delivers flexible servicedelivers flexible service--oriented architecture to managing and oriented architecture to managing and

delivering content in the form of digital objectsdelivering content in the form of digital objects

SIMILESIMILE•• extends and extends and laverageslaverages DSpaceDSpace, seeking to enhance interoperability , seeking to enhance interoperability

among digital assets, schemata, metadata, and servicesamong digital assets, schemata, metadata, and services

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TRENDTREND

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FromFrom SemanticSemantic DL DL toto Social Social SemanticSemantic DLDL

ChallengeChallenge:: To get SOCIAL SEMANTIC DLTo get SOCIAL SEMANTIC DL

•• ItIt´́ss the following step towards DL 3.0the following step towards DL 3.0

•• Advantages:Advantages:Collaborative search and browsing (interface)Collaborative search and browsing (interface)

Users contribute to the classification processUsers contribute to the classification process

Users can understand community driven annotationsUsers can understand community driven annotations

Users enhance digital content using Users enhance digital content using blogsblogs, , wikiswikis on the sideon the side

•• Drawbacks:Drawbacks:Not everyone is convincedNot everyone is convinced

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION