1.Digital_Fabrication_Studio.083D Printing from bits to atomsMassimo Menichinellimassimo.menichinelli@aalto.f@openp2pdesignhttp://www.slideshare.net/openp2pdesign

2. Today:* 3D printing: technologies* 3D printing: examples* Design techniques 3. 01.3D printing technologies:atoms from bits 4. 3D printing: becoming really popularSource: http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/1582-3D-Printing-Hits-the-Peak-of-the-Gartner-Hype-Cycle-for-Emerging-Technologies.html3D printing is now reaching the peak of the Gartner Hype Cycle. 5. Technologies: 3D printingSource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://youtu.be/7QP73uTJApwRefers to object made using ink jet technology in 3 dimensions bylayering powder and binding it with pigmented glue. 6. Technologies: Fused Deposition ModelingSource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://youtu.be/h8XJUqHXglsFused Deposition Modeling (FDM) creates models by heating andextruding a flament of plastic material. 7. Technologies: Fused Deposition ModelingSource: http://youtu.be/DQWyhezIze4http://www.the3doodler.com/Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) but with hand control: the frst3D printing pen. 8. Technologies: materials for FDMSource: http://www.protoparadigm.com/2011/11/filament-tolerances-and-print-quality/Most of the 3D Printing community uses either ABS or PLA in either3mm or 1.75mm diameters. 9. Technologies: StereolitographySource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://youtu.be/ygHVVKkJWlIStereolithography produces models by tracing a beam of UV light over aphotosensitive pool of liquid. Over time the part is lowered into the bath. 10. Technologies: StereolitographySource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://youtu.be/snOErpOP5XkStereolithography produces models by tracing a beam of UV light over aphotosensitive pool of liquid. Over time the part is lowered into the bath. 11. Technologies: Selective Laser SinteringSource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://youtu.be/lC0uVO_uT0sSelective Laser Sintering (SLS) is similar to stereolithography replacing theUV light with a laser and a vat of liquid with a powdered base. 12. Technologies: Laminated Object ManufacturingSource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://youtu.be/FjxI2HszHzoLaminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) machines cut and glue thousands ofsheets of material together to form solids, sometimes with standard A4 paper. 13. Technologies: Laminated Object ManufacturingSource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://www.mcortechnologies.com/galleryLaminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) machines cut and glue thousands ofsheets of material together to form solids, sometimes with standard A4 paper. 14. Technologies: Electron Beam MeltingSource: http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2009/02/4-types-of-3d-printing/http://youtu.be/E7--ZWPVVdQElectron Beam Melting (EBM) is similar to SLS except the process is far more exactand capable of producing implant grade parts to be used in orthopedic surgery. 15. 3D Metal printingSource: http://youtu.be/B9VOwqtOglghttp://www.shapeways.com/themes/stainless_steel_3dprinting_galleryNow it is possible to print your model in stainless steel on Shapeways! Thematerial will be fnished in a shining stainless steel look and costs $10 / cm3. 16. 3D Glass printingSource: http://youtu.be/BtK-Hqd6Q2Ihttp://www.shapeways.com/materials/milky_white_matte_glassThe material is porous, opaque and fragile and made from recycled soda-limeglass, the fne glass powder is glued together with a binder and then sintered. 17. 3D Ceramics printingSource: http://youtu.be/zZU7O1BHfyohttp://www.shapeways.com/materials/ceramicsMaterial properties are the same as standard ceramics. Fine ceramic powderbound together with binder, fred, glazed with lead-free, non-toxic gloss fnish. 18. Big size 3D printing: Endless chairSource: http://youtu.be/FvRTHynk9KAhttp://www.dirkvanderkooij.nl/enPrinting an Endless Chair from recycled refrigerators.Design by Dirk vander Kooij. 19. Big size 3D printing: D-ShapeSource: http://youtu.be/HBxx8XTpDZ4http://d-shape.com/D-Shape is a new robotic building system using newmaterials to create superior stone-like structures. 20. Small size 3D printing: 2 photons polymerizationSource: http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=26907A promising 3D microfabrication method that has recently attracted considerableattention is based on two-photon polymerization with ultrashort laser pulses. 21. Bio 3D PrintingSource: http://youtu.be/YOnIxcc0DW8A new tissue engineering technology now has the ability to arrange culture cellsin three dimensions. It is now possible to manufacture tissue in demand. 22. Bio 3D Printing: OrganovoSource: http://www.organovo.com/Organovo is focused on delivering breakthrough three-dimensional biologycapabilities to create tissue on demand for research and surgical applications. 23. Bio 3D Printing: OrganovoSource: http://www.organovo.com/products/novogen-mmx-bioprinterThe NovoGen MMX Bioprinter is a novel hardware and software platform at theforefront of bioprinting research and development. 24. Drug 3D PrintingSource: http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2012/04/who-needs-a-pharmacy-when-you-can-just-print-out-your-own-drugs-at-home/Researchers from Scotland have made their own DIY 3D-printing drugstore andyoull be able to use them to print your own drugs right at your own home. 25. Food 3D PrintingSource: http://laughingsquid.com/choc-creator-the-chocolate-3d-printer-is-now-available-to-purchase/http://youtu.be/r7xs-cHAt3IChoc Creator, the worlds frst 3D chocolate printer was developed by a team ofresearchers at the University of Exeter and is now available to purchase. 26. Food 3D PrintingSource: http://laughingsquid.com/choc-creator-the-chocolate-3d-printer-is-now-available-to-purchase/http://youtu.be/r7xs-cHAt3ICandyFab is a machine that can make arbitrary 3D solid objects at low cost from avariety of low-melting point materials including pure sugar. 27. Ice 3D PrintingSource: http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/12/st_3diceprinting/http://www.3ders.org/articles/20120103-3d-ice-printer.htmlPieter Sijpkes, a professor at McGill University, has discovered since cobblingtogether a machine that prints objects by building up ultrathin layers of ice. 28. Recycle plastic for your FDM machineSource: http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/rocknail/filabot-plastic-filament-makerA 3D plastic extrusion system for mostly any type of recyclable plastic, to makeusable 3D printing flament by grinding, melting, extruding the plastic flament. 29. Markus Kayser - Solar Sinter ProjectSource: http://vimeo.com/25401444In this experiment sunlight and sand are used as raw energy and material toproduce glass objects using a 3D printing process. 30. Open Source 3D printers: RepRapSource: http://reprap.org/wiki/MendelIts the second, improved version of RepRap: small enough to ft on yourdesk, but with a print volume large enough for you to make big things. 31. Open Source 3D printers: RepRapSource: http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRap_Family_TreeAgain, the evolution of an open sourceproject thats too big to ft into one slide... 32. Open Source 3D printers: RepRapSource: http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRap_Family_TreeAgain, the evolution of an open sourceproject thats too big to ft into one slide... 33. RepRap and its children... MakerbotSource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MakerbotThe frst user-friendly open source 3Dprinter, from RepRap 34. RepRap and its children... MakerbotSource: http://store.makerbot.com/replicator-404.htmlThe second edition of the Makerbot 35. RepRap and its children... UltimakerSource: http://reprap.org/wiki/Ultimakerhttp://blog.ultimaker.com/From the RepRap, the Ultimaker, the best resolutionand speed from an open source machine 36. RepRap and its children... UltimakerSource: http://www.hive76.org/insane-3d-printing-resolution-ultimaker-under-the-microThe average layer height in that pic isaround 0.074 mm (that is 74 microns). 37. A portable 3D printer...Source: http://www.core77.com/blog/digital_fabrication/a_suitcase-sized_3-in-1_cnc_multi-tool_23007.asphttp://vimeo.com/45911972PopFab: at its heart is a computer-controlled motion platformand a means of attaching various toolheads. 38. 02.3D printing: exampleswhat people are doing with it 39. Printable VELCROSource: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12798The velcro is printed with 0.3mm ABS with aMK6 extruder on a Makerbot. 40. 3D Printing Flexible GridsSource: http://lmnts.lmnarchitects.com/fabrication/printed-flexgrids/Done with a Grasshopper defnition that used the grid components tocreate a set of flexible triangular, square, and hexagonal grids. 41. 3D Printing Flexible GridsSource: http://lmnts.lmnarchitects.com/fabrication/printed-flexgrids/Done with a Grasshopper defnition that used the grid components tocreate a set of flexible triangular, square, and hexagonal grids. 42. Digi-FabricsSource: http://youtu.be/JSCDw6mThk4http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/525-White-Strong-and-Suuuuper-Flexible..htmlA test done by Shapeways with their White Strong & Flexiblematerial. 43. 3D printed bikiniSource: http://www.continuumfashion.com/N12.htmlThe N12 bikini is the worlds frst ready-to-wear, completely 3D-printed cloth. All of the pieces are snap together without any sewing. 44. 3D printed fashion designSource: http://www.wired.com/design/2012/04/10-things-3d-printers-can-do-now?pid=167Dutch designer Iris Van Herpen uses 3-D printers to create designerfashion for Bjrk and Lady Gaga. 45. 3D printed fashion designSource: http://blog.ponoko.com/2012/04/24/a-fashion-show-of-3d-printed-hats/http://i.materialise.com/challenge/the-hats-off-to-3d-printing-challenge/A collection of 3D printed hats and acessories were shown on the runway as partof the Materialise World Conference in Leuven, Belgium. 46. 3D printed shoesSource: http://blog.sculpteo.com/2012/03/29/3d-printing-for-green-fashion-melissas-footwear-experiments/Melissas shoes are among the most amazing examples of what 3D printing can dofor style and design. Designer Andreia Chaves created the Invisible Shoes 47. 3D printed charactersSource: http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/1332-Lifes-Memorable-Moments-Captured-In-3D.htmlYoni Binstock is using front and side portrait photos together with 123D Catch toreconstruct a facial model and texture this on to a cake topper design. 48. 3D printing media...Source: http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/1179-Video-of-3D-Printed-Record-Playing-Still-Alive-from-Portal.htmlA 3D printed record for the Fisher-Price record player playing Still Alive.The tune and model were all generated in Processing. Sold on Shapeways. 49. 3D printing media...Source: http://youtu.be/ElAJJnSvQtkA 3D printed record for the Fisher-Price record player playing Still Alive.The tune and model were all generated in Processing. Sold on Shapeways. 50. 3D printing media...Source: http://youtu.be/ERiw664xMKEThe frst 3D printed prototype of the programmable kalimba sequencer.Pegs can be set to produce different 16-step sequences of 5 tones. 51. 3D printing media...Source: http://youtu.be/aMfSGt6rHoshttp://blog.ponoko.com/2011/12/11/3d-prints-in-stop-motion-animation/3D printing of flm props has long been common in big budget movies, but nowits increased affordability is aiding its introduction to smaller budget productions. 52. 3D printing media...Source: http://youtu.be/_2F0PA7qUQEWith the help of technologies from Objet Geometries, the creative team behindthe feature flm, Coraline, broke new ground in stop-motion animation. 53. 3D printing media...3Drehkino took an animation in Blender, 3D printed it with Shapeways, hackedsome electronics and created his own zeotrope under a CC license.Source: http://drehkino.de/3Drehkino_en.php 54. 3D printing media...Source: http://drehkino.de/3Drehkino_en.php3Drehkino took an animation in Blender, 3D printed it with Shapeways, hackedsome electronics and created his own zeotrope under a CC license. 55. 3D printing media...Source: http://youtu.be/LVa_WwBFtA43Drehkino took an animation in Blender, 3D printed it with Shapeways, hackedsome electronics and created his own zeotrope under a CC license. 56. 3D printing in media: Print magazine coverSource: http://postspectacular.com/process/20080702_printmagcoverPrint magazine August 2008 cover design generatedwith Processing and 3D printed. 57. 3D printing in media: ArkitypoSource: http://johnsonbanks.co.uk/thoughtfortheweek/index.php?thoughtid=711The idea was to 3D-print an entire alphabet derived from the historicalstory of how a typeface beginning with the same letter came to be. 58. 3D printing in mediaSource: http://www.casualoptimist.com/2011/10/18/the-innovators-cookbook/Printing the cover of the book The Innovators Cookbookby Steven Johnson with a Makerbot. 59. 3D printing in mediaSource: http://youtu.be/S2EqxdvOKVchttp://www.casualoptimist.com/2011/10/18/the-innovators-cookbook/Printing the cover of the book The Innovators Cookbookby Steven Johnson with a Makerbot. 60. 3D printing opticsSource: http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/1671-Disney-Research-3D-Printed-Optics-and-Interfaces-VIDEO.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=eTeXTbXA6-YDisney Research is 3D printing optics, in order to createmore interesting and interactive product interface. 61. 3D printing media from Video gamesSource: http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/1635-Mario-in-a-3D-Printed-Mobius-Strip-Runs-on-Forever,-and-Ever.htmlA moebius strip out of a Super Mario videogame! 62. Successful transplant of a 3D printed jawSource: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16907104A 3D printer-created lower jaw has been ftted to an 83-year-old womans face inwhat doctors say is the frst operation of its kind. 63. 3D printing data: Luke JerramSource: http://www.lukejerram.com/projects/t%C5%8Dhoku_earthquakeTo create the sculpture a seismogram of the earthquake, was rotated and thenprinted in 3 dimensions using rapid prototyping technology. 64. 3D printing data: FacebookSource: http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/1881-turn-your-facebook-profile-into-3d-printed-art-with-the-creators-project-shapeways.htmlTurn your Facebook data in a custom 3D printed sculpture. 65. 3D printing data: soundSource: http://www.shapeways.com/creator/thevibeWelcome to the era of mass customization in which anyone canbuild a unique iPhone case for $25. 66. 3D printing data: soundSource: http://www.protoparadigm.com/2011/11/filament-tolerances-and-print-quality/Welcome to the era of mass customization in which anyone canbuild a unique iPhone case for $25. 67. 3D printed lampsSource: http://www.freedomofcreation.com/Freedom Of Creation is an edition of exclusive design objects,furnishing complements, lighting and accessories. 68. 3D fractal furniture designSource: http://www.platform-net.com/Fractal Table is a generative design table produced by Materialise as a singlepiece SLA in epoxy resin. Its dimensions in cm are: L98 x W61 x H42. 69. 3D fractal furniture designSource: http://www.platform-net.com/Fractal Table is a generative design table produced by Materialise as a singlepiece SLA in epoxy resin. Its dimensions in cm are: L98 x W61 x H42. 70. 3D printed furniture designSource: http://i.materialise.com/blog/entry/5-amazing-full-sized-furniture-pieces-made-with-3d-printingThe Throne of Paris (John Briscella) 71. 3D printed guitarSource: http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/16/view/20135/skeletal-3d-printed-guitar.htmlEach guitar is fully customizable, as the designers remove or insert varioussegments from the 3D model before each printing, with selectable colour. 72. 03.3D printing: design techniquesthings to consider... 73. 00: design with BlenderA good tutorial for designing the meshwith Blender.Source: http://cgcookie.com/blender/2013/02/04/modeling-3d-printing-shapeways/ 74. 00: check the mesh with Rhino 5A good tutorial for analysing the meshwith Rhino 5.Source: http://vimeo.com/60897890 75. 01: check the normalsThey shold point outwards! The faces ofa mesh are only 1-side. 76. 01: check the normalsEdit mode > W > Flip normals 77. 02: check your technologyCheck your specifc material and technology,Shapeways is a good resource.Source: http://www.shapeways.com/tutorials/design_rules_for_glass_3d_printing 78. 03: Yes to moving parts and undercutsBut not with FDM!!!Source: http://youtu.be/guTSrF7J6Y0 79. 03: FDM: use support materialPVA is the best option, it is water soluble.Source: http://youtu.be/FqhBmNyvNhQhttp://store.makerbot.com/makerbot-pva-1kg-spool.html 80. 04: Clean it with Netfabb / MeshlabAnd you may need to import it into Blender again.Source: http://meshlab.sourceforge.net/ 81. 3D printing: what could go wrong?Too fast: we cannot achieve the full cylinder.We had to slow the speed down and rise a bit the temperature. 82. 3D printing: what could go wrong?Too fast: we cannot achieve the full cylinder.We had to slow the speed down and rise a bit the temperature. 83. 3D printing: what could go wrong?Too fast: the material does not have the time to solidify.Also: too thin, and the roof collapses. On the right: slower and bigger detail. 84. Think about the speedEach different material melt at a different temperature,mixing them means slowing down the process. 85. Resolution0.5 or 0.25 or 0.125 mm? Higher resolution =more time for printing. 86. Skins and fillingYou can add extra skins and reduce thedensity of the flling, if you just need a shell. 87. 123D Catch: resultSee the orientation of the layers? 88. 123D Catch: resultSupport material (PLA) and object material(ABS) mixed a bit. 89. Thank you!!Massimo MenichinelliAalto Media Factorymassimo.menichinelli@aalto.f@openp2pdesignhttp://www.slideshare.net/openp2pdesign