digestive system function: to obtain nutrients

48
QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Upload: winter-walton

Post on 03-Jan-2016

37 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients. Digestive System Function: obtaining nutrients. Activities of Digestion system: Ingestion – taking food or liquid into the mouth (eating or drinking). Movements Peristaltic and Segmentation Digestion Mechanical mastication - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Digestive SystemFunction:

to obtain nutrients

Page 2: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Digestive SystemFunction: obtaining nutrients

Activities of Digestion system:• Ingestion – taking food or liquid into the mouth (eating or drinking).• Movements

•Peristaltic and Segmentation• Digestion

•Mechanical• mastication• churning

• Chemical•Enzymes and acids

•Absorption – movement of substances into the body (across epithelium).• Elimination – involves compaction to eliminate waste from body

Page 3: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 4: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

The Digestive System

Page 5: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Layers of Gastrointestinal Tract

• Four layers:– Know layers and their composition

• Tunic mucosa– Epithelial– Propria– Muscularis mucosae

• Tunic submucosa• Tunica muscularis externa• Tunica serosa-visceral peritoneum

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 6: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

•Lines digestive tract•Moistened by glandular secretions•Simple or stratified depending on area of tract•Pleated for expansion (Surface Area)

Tunic Mucosa

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 7: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 8: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

A Mucous membrane1) Epithelium2) Lamina propria 3) Muscularis mucosae

2. Tunic Submucosa

1. Tunic Mucosa

•Areolar Connective Tissue •Innervation•May have glands

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 9: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Smooth muscle layer capable of plasticityAbility to tolerate stretching

Visceral smooth muscle

Muscularis Mucosa

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 10: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

3. Tunica Muscularis Externa

4. Tunica Serosa (or Adventitia*)

Smooth muscle layers

1) Inner Circular Layer 2) Outer Longitudinal Layer

Serous membrane – visceral peritoneum

* Name depends on location:a) Inside peritoneal cavity = serosab) Outside peritoneal cavity = adventitia

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 11: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Histology of the G.I. Tract

Page 12: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

The Peritoneum: Two layersVisceral peritoneum (a.k.a serosa)Parietal peritoneum

Lines inner surfaces of body wall

Mesenteries: Fused double sheets of peritoneal membrane – to suspend portions of digestive tract:

Greater omentumLesser omentumMesentery properTransverse mesocolonSigmoid mesocolon

Serous Membranes

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 13: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Retroperitoneal Structures – these are attached to posterior abdominal wall

Ascending colonDescending colonDuodenumPancreas

Page 14: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 15: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Salivary glands

• Parotid• Sublingual• Submandibular

– Slightly different secretions– Release enzymes - amylase– Lubrication oral cavity

Page 16: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Fig

25.6

Page 17: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 18: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Fig

25.7

Only example of gomphosis joint

Incisors -clipping/cutting

Canines -tearing/slashing

Premolars - mashing/grinding

Molars mashing/grinding

Page 19: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Teeth

Regions:CrownNeckRoot

Layers:EnamelDentinPulp Cavity with Pulp

CementumApical foramenRoot canalPeriodontal membrane

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 20: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Pharynx and Esophagus

Deglutition

Swallowing

Epiglottis closes over larynx

Voluntary control

Page 21: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 22: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 23: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Fig

25.11

Tunica muscularis has three layers of muscle

Tunica mucosa has folds, rugae when empty

Page 24: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 25: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Secretin and cholecystokininInhibit gastric secretion

Histology of Gastric glandsChief - Pepsinogen; Parietal - HCl; Neck/Mucous Cells

Page 26: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Lacteal (terminal lymphatic) for lipid absorption

Small IntestineDuodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Increase Surface Area for Absorption

Intestinal glandsGoblet cellsStem cells

Plicae CircularesIntestinal villiMicrovilli

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 27: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 28: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Diagrammatic view highlighting the distinguishing features of each region of the small intestine.

Page 29: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Duodenum:Duodenal (Brunner’s) glands produce:

•secretin •CCK•Alkaline mucus

Page 30: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Ilieum: lymphatic aggregations (Peyer’s patches)

Page 31: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Secretin

Page 32: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

CCK

Page 33: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Large intestine

Functions of large intestineReabsorb water and compact fecesAbsorb vitaminsStore fecal matter

CecumIleocecal valveCollects material from small intestineVermiform appendix

Colon - ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoidRectum

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 34: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 35: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Histology of Large Intestine

Large Intestine:Lack of villiAbundance of goblet cellsMucous-secreting intestinal glandsMuscularis reduced to Taenia coliFatty appendices

Page 36: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Rectum and Anal canal

Page 37: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Horizontal section through the upper abdomen showing the position of the liver relative to other visceral organs.

Other digestive organs

Page 38: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Liver

Page 39: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 40: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Bile Ducts

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 41: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Diagrammatic view of lobular organization.

Page 42: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 43: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients
Page 44: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Pancreas

Page 45: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

EtOH on Liver

Page 46: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Pancreas

Page 47: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients

Exocrine: acini

Endocrine:

Pancreatic islets

Isles of Langerhans

Pancreas

Page 48: Digestive System Function: to obtain nutrients