Digestive and Circulatory Systems Review

Identify the 6 class of nutrients.

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Vitamins

Water

Minerals

Lipids

Explain what a food label tells you.

The nutritional facts found in processed foods.

1. Identify the following information for the food to the left.

a. Serving size

b. Total carbohydrates

c. Calories

d. Protein

2. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers?

2 crackers

10g60

2g

120 calories

Identify each structure labeled in the diagram.

oral cavity

stomachpancreas

small intestine

rectum

gall bladder

large intestine

1. Where does protein digestion begin?

2. What is the function of F?

3. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood?

In the stomach

Absorb water

In the small intestine

4. What does C produce? Where does it go?

5. What is the function of G?

6. Chemical digestion is completed in this structure.

7. What type of digestion occurs in A?

Pancreatic juiceGoes to the small intestine

store bile

small intestine

mechanical and chemical

1.What is the name of this process? What is its function?

1.Where in the digestive tract does this process occur?

•peristalsis•To push food through the digestive tract

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

1.What is structure F? What is the function of this substance?

2. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs here?

3. What is the function of structure A?

•liver •to produce bile

•stomach

The esophagus pushes food down into the stomach using peristalsis.

•chemical digestion

1.Through which of these structures does food pass?

1.Which organs are not part of the gastrovascular tract? How do they aid in digestion?

Esophagus (A)Stomach (B)

Small intestine (D)

•Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI•Gall bladder (E) – stores bile•Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI

Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion.

•Where most chemical digestion occurs

•Where chemical digestion is completed

•Lined with VILLI which absorb nutrients into the blood

Identify the labeled organs.

A - Oral cavity

B - Esophagus

C – Stomach

D – Pancreas

E - Large intestine

F - Appendix

G - Small intestine

H – Gall bladder

I - Liver

1. Through what organs does food pass? (in order)

Oral cavity

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

Anus

2. In which structures does peristalsis occur?

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

1. Where excess water reabsorbed?

2. What occurs in structure G?

3. What does I produce? Where does it go?

4. This is where chemical digestion begins.

5. This is where chemical digestion ends.

Large intestine

Villi absorb nutrients into blood

Bile – into small intestine

Oral cavity

Small intestine

Identify organs where there is no digestion occurring.

Esophagus

Liver

Salivary glands

Pancreas

Glass bladder

Which part of the human blood:

1. is the most numerous?

2. contains a nucleus?

3. is biconcave?

4. is produced in the bone marrow?

5. consists mainly of water?

wbc’srbc’s

rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets

rbc’s

plasma

Y Z

Identify structures X, Y, and Z.

red blood cell

white blood cell

platelet

Which activity is not a function of white blood cells in response to an invasion of the body by bacteria?

1. engulfing these bacteria

2. producing antibodies to act against this type of bacteria

3. preparing for future invasions of this type of bacteria

4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to detect these bacteria

Which part of the human blood transports hormones and nutrients?

1. plasma

2. platelets

3. red blood cells

4. white blood cells

The breaking apart of platelets in the blood helps in the

1. synthesis of hemoglobin

2. formation of a clot

3. release of antibodies

4. deamination of amino acids

Cardiovascular diseases interfere most directly with the normal functioning of system?

Explain the difference between arteries and veins.

•Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart.

•Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins.

•Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. •Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.

The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary.

Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur.

O 2

glucose

O 2

glucose

glucose

O 2

O 2

glucose

CO 2

CO 2

CO 2

The diagram represents a capillary near some cells. 1. Identify the substances diffusing out of the capillary and into cells. 2. Identify the substances diffusing out of cells into the capillary.

Blood normally flows from the capillaries directly into

1.small arteries

2.small veins

3. lymph vessels

4. heart atria

The movement of blood from the legs toward the heart is hindered by gravity. The effect of gravity is counteracted by

a. smooth muscle in the capillaries

b. cilia lining the blood vessels

c. valves in the veins

d. lymph nodes near major vessels

Which statement best describes arteries?

a. They have thick walls and transport blood away from the heart.

b. They have thick walls and transport blood toward the heart.

c. They have thin walls and transport blood away from the heart.

d. They have thin walls and transport blood toward the heart.

1. Identify the upper chambers of the heart.

2. Identify the lower chambers of the heart.

3. Identify the structures that separate the upper and lower chambers.

4. Identify the wall that separates the right and left side of the heart.

Right and left atria

Right and left ventricles

valves

septum

left ventricle

right ventricle

left atrium

right atrium

Identify structures B, D, E, F and H.

aorta

When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a

valve

Identify the part of the heart being described.

1. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood.

2. Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart.

3. Large artery that carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

4. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood.

Left atrium

Septum

Aorta

Right ventricle

5. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood.

6. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria and ventricles.

7. Chamber that pumps out oxygenated blood.

Right atrium

Valves

Left ventricle

For blood to pass through the heart from the left atrium to the left ventricle, it must first pass through

a. an artery

b. a valve

c. a vein

d. a capillary