dieter timmermann financing lifelong learning

Dieter Timmermann

Financing Lifelong Learning.

Results and Recommendations of the Expert Commission on Financing Lifelong Learning

Prof. Dr. Dieter TimmermannUniversitt Bielefeld, Universittstrasse 25, 33615 BielefeldTel.: 0521-2001/ 2000, e-mail: [email protected]

Contents

Mandate and Objectives of the Commission

Why do we need more Learning after a first vocational or higher education degree? Financing Instruments: A Survey Architecture of the Recommendations

1.1 The MandateNew Financing StrategiesA sound holistic ConceptRealistic ModelsConsideration of entrepreneurial and societal RequirementsConsideration of distributional as well as redistributional marginsStrengthening individual responsibility for learning and participationStrengthening individual wilingness and readiness to learnPromotion of vocational, general, political and cultural learningConsidering the educational chances of education-distant and disadvantaged groupsFocus on lifelong learning for adults

1.2The CommissionProf. Dr. Uschi Backes-Gellner, Business Economics, in particular empirical methods of personell economics, University of Zrich Prof. Dr. Gisela Frber, Professor of General Economics and Economic Finance, Deutsche Hochschule fr Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer, (Vice Chair of Commission)Prof. Dr. Bernhard Nagel, Professor of Economic Law, University of KasselProf. Dr. Gerhard Bosch, Vice President of the Institute of Work and Technologie in the Science Center of Northrhein-Westfalia, Professor of Sociologie, University Duisburg-EssenProf. Dr. Dieter Timmermann, Rector of Bielefeld University, Professor of the Economics of Education, Educational Planning and Educational Politics, (Chair of the Commission)

1.3The Rational for LLL: the Objectives

Fostering Innovations, Poductivity growth and economic expansion byInnovations induced by learningEnhancing competitiveness of companies, in particular of SMEs Supporting the employability of individuals and promoting individual talents and potentialsImproving the opportunities of societal participation and civil society engagementStrengthening social cohesionStrengthening the willingness of individuals to learn, strengthening their self-responsibility by fostering their competencies to choose, decide and compete in the educational, commodity and labor markets

Conclusion: Financing LLL neither only for economic promotion nor only for support of the disadvantaged individuals resp. groups

Balance between participation in LLL and financing burden Sustainability of financing effects efficient provision of an effective and manifold supply of learning opportunities Creating transparency with respect to suppliers, programs, career paths, relevance and value of certificates, and quality of programs as well as courses1.4The Objectives

1.5Sources of Evidence

4 information trips to France, England, Denmark, Sweden, Italy24 Meetings of the commissionHearings with 33 expertsPlacement of 9 expert opinions

1.6Sources of EvidenceExpert opinions ordered by the commission:Ressourcen fr die allgemeine Weiterbildung in Deutschland, P. Faulstich, Universitt Hamburg, Hamburg, 2002Datenlage und Interpretation der Weiterbildung in Deutschland L. Bellmann, Institut fr Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Nrnberg, 2002Nichtteilnahme an beruflicher Weiterbildung. Motive, Beweggrnde, Hindernisse, H. Schrder, S. Schiel, F. Aust, Institut fr angewandte Sozialwissenschaften (infas), Bonn, 2003Analyse bildungsbedingter Transfers in Deutschland. Untersuchung des Transfersystems anhand von Modellhaushalten, Sparverhalten privater Haushalte, T. Arens, H. Quinke, Fraunhofer Institut Angewandte Informationstechnik, Forschungsgruppe MIKMOD, Sankt Augustin, 2003 Berufliche Weiterbildung in West- und Ostdeutschland. Teilnehmer, Struktur und individueller Ertrag, F. Bchel, M. Pannenberg, Max-Planck-Institut fr Bildungsforschung u. DIW, Berlin, 2003Lebenslanges Lernen fr ltere. Finanzielle Anreize und Anstze, C. Barkholdt, Universitt Dortmund, Institut fr Soziologie, Lehrstuhl fr soziale Gerontologie, Dortmund, 2003Auswirkungen institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen auf das individuelle und betriebliche Qualifizierungsverhalten am Beispiel der Gesundheitswirtschaft, J. Hilber,. Institut Arbeit und Technik, Gelsenkirchen, 2003Kostenschtzung zu den Empfehlungen, T. Arens, Fraunhofer Institut Angewandte Informationstechnik, Forschungsgruppe MIKMOD, Sankt Augustin, 2004

2.1Why more LLL?

Front-end model of education systemsThe obsolescence rate of education is acceleratingNecessity of multiple change of vocations/ occupationsNo far reaching arguments

2.2Why more LLL?

Fostering innovations, productivity and economic growthEnhancing individual employability in times ofAging and shrinking society(im)migrationDifferenciated development paths and biografies of individualsImprovement of participation opportunitiesThe most important arguments:

2.3Why more LLL ?Growth rates of GNP clearly under average of comparable countries, innovation and growth weakness as a consequence of underinvestement in education and LLLSince 20 years productivity growth below average of OECD and EU countries, also in high technology branchesSince 1986 (2,15%) shrinking proportion of total public and private expenditures for LLL of GNP (1999 = 1,62%)In a comparative international perspective sub-proportional educational expenditures, measured in percentage of GNP (private plus public) as well as measured in percentage of the public budget (only public outlays)Investments in human capital and in reasearch and development stagnate in their relative importanceInvestments in education fall behind investments in real capital during the 1990sFostering Economic Growth(I)

2.4Why more LLL ?

Tabelle1

jhrliche Wachstumsraten ausgewhlter Lnder, 1991 bis 2004, in %

19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0

Australien:http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/mesi/mesi81.htmEuropische Kommission: Beschftigung in Europa 2003, Brssel 2004, S. 202 bis 207

Australien:Monthly Economic and Social Indicators 2003-04

OECD: Sources of Economic Growth, Paris 2003

Monthly Economic and Social Indicators 2003-04

Wachstumstrends

1.62.6

21.9

1.92

1.32.5

1.82

1.63.5

1.53.5

1.61.4

0.63

3.87.1

21.5

2.90.6

6.74.3

1.72.2

1.32.2

1.52

2.32.7

1.32.5

0.90.8

2.12.2

22.3

gewichtete Durchschnittegewichtete Durchschnitte

1.82

2.11.9

1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Quelle: OECD, Economic Outlook,Nr. 72

Wachstumsraten

Average growth rate of GNP per head during selected periods, in %

Tabelle2

Durchschnittliche Wachstumstrends des BIP pro Kopf ber ausgewhlte Perioden, in %

1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8

Vereinigtes Knigreich2.12.2

USA2.02.3

gewichtete Durchschnitte

Europische Union1.82.0

OECDb2.11.9

a) Westdeutschland vor 1991. Fr die Jahre 1980 - 1995 schliet der Durchschnittswert das Jahr 1991 aus

b) ohne Tschechien, Ungarn, Polen und Slowakei

Quelle: OECD: Economic Outlook, No 72

Tabelle2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten

Jhrliche Wachstumsraten ausgewhlter Lnder,in %, 1991 bis 2004

Tabelle3

2.5Why more LLL ?

Diagramm6

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

years

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Wachstumsraten

Annual growth rates of selected countries, in%, 1991 to 2004, GNP

Tabelle1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0



OECD: Sources of Economic Growth, Paris 2003Statistics Canada: http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/econ86a.htm


Wachstumstrends

1.6Australien2.6AustralienAustralien

2sterreich1.9sterreichsterreich

1.9Belgien2BelgienBelgien

1.3Kanada2.5KanadaKanada

1.8Dnemark2DnemarkDnemark

1.6Finnland3.5FinnlandFinnland

1.5Frankreich3.5FrankreichFrankreich

1.6Deutschlanda1.4DeutschlandaDeutschlanda

0.6Griechenland3GriechenlandGriechenland

3.8Irland7.1IrlandIrland

2Italien1.5ItalienItalien

2.9Japan0.6JapanJapan

6.7Korea4.3KoreaKorea

1.7Niederlande2.2NiederlandeNiederlande

1.3Neuseeland2.2NeuseelandNeuseeland

1.5Norwegen2NorwegenNorwegen

2.3Spanien2.7SpanienSpanien

1.3Schweden2.5SchwedenSchweden

0.9Schweiz0.8SchweizSchweiz

2.1Vereinigtes Knigreich2.2Vereinigtes KnigreichVereinigtes Knigreich

2USA2.3USAUSA

gewichtete Durchschnittegewichtete Durchschnittegewichtete Durchschnittegewichtete Durchschnittegewichtete Durchschnitte

1.8Europische Union2Europische UnionEuropische Union

2.1OECDb1.9OECDbOECDb

1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Lnder

Wachstumsraten

Durchschnittliche Wachstumstrends des BIP pro Kopf in ausgewhlten Perioden, in %

Tabelle2


1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8


USA2.02.3



OECDb2.11.9




Tabelle2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten

Jhrliche Wachstumsraten ausgewhlter Lnder,in%, 1991 bis 2004, BIP

Diagramm2

Diagramm2

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Vernderungsraten

Jhrliche Vernderungsrate der Produktivitt in ausgewhlten Lndern, 1991 bis 2004, in %

Tabelle3

jhrliche Vernderungsraten der Arbeitsproduktivitt ausgewhlter Lnder, 1991 bis 2004, in %

19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.72.61.52.91.61.21.61.11.21.50.40.71.21.7

USA0.63.20.61.50.21.72.02.02.21.80.63.12.12.0

Japan1.2-0.1-0.10.91.83.00.8-0.51.02.90.91.52.11.6

Belgien1.72.0-0.23.7-1.90.92.70.31.91.8-0.60.91.31.6

Dnemark1.71.41.54.01.51.51.70.91.42.41.12.31.71.8

Deutschland2.33.80.32.51.51.11.60.90.81.10.10.81.31.8

Griechenland5.6-0.7-2.50.11.22.84.2-0.73.64.34.54.23.33.4

Spanien1.42.41.92.90.91.20.90.20.60.70.30.71.01.4

Frankreich1.12.30.92.21.21.21.72.11.31.10.30.51.11.8

Italien0.61.42.23.22.90.81.60.81.11.40.1-0.70.61.0

Niederlande1.30.61.12.80.90.50.71.41.61.4-0.5-0.30.91.7

sterreich2.12.21.32.82.02.21.12.41.52.60.21.41.21.6

Finnland-0.74.25.45.11.72.53.12.90.83.2-0.61.32.42.6

Schweden0.42.86.45.12.52.23.82.12.41.9-0.81.71.72.5

UK1.93.03.23.82.01.61.61.41.21.91.51.11.62.0

Kanada-0.22.21.53.62.4-0.22.61.62.83.33.61.72.50.2

Australien1.63.54.11.6-0.43.03.24.02.80.61.71.60.92.1




http://www.oecd.org/document: Wages, Costs, Unemployment and Inflation, Annex Table 12. Labour productivity


2.6Why more LLL ?

Diagramm5

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

years

Vernderungsraten

Annual rate of productivity change in selected countries, 1991 to 2004, in %

Tabelle1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0





Wachstumstrends





















2USA2.3USAUSA




1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Lnder

Wachstumsraten


Tabelle2


1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8


USA2.02.3



OECDb2.11.9




Tabelle2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm2

Diagramm2

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Vernderungsraten


Tabelle3


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.72.61.52.91.61.21.61.11.21.50.40.71.21.7

USA0.63.20.61.50.21.72.02.02.21.80.63.12.12.0

Japan1.2-0.1-0.10.91.83.00.8-0.51.02.90.91.52.11.6

Belgien1.72.0-0.23.7-1.90.92.70.31.91.8-0.60.91.31.6

Dnemark1.71.41.54.01.51.51.70.91.42.41.12.31.71.8

Deutschland2.33.80.32.51.51.11.60.90.81.10.10.81.31.8

Griechenland5.6-0.7-2.50.11.22.84.2-0.73.64.34.54.23.33.4

Spanien1.42.41.92.90.91.20.90.20.60.70.30.71.01.4

Frankreich1.12.30.92.21.21.21.72.11.31.10.30.51.11.8

Italien0.61.42.23.22.90.81.60.81.11.40.1-0.70.61.0

Niederlande1.30.61.12.80.90.50.71.41.61.4-0.5-0.30.91.7

sterreich2.12.21.32.82.02.21.12.41.52.60.21.41.21.6

Finnland-0.74.25.45.11.72.53.12.90.83.2-0.61.32.42.6

Schweden0.42.86.45.12.52.23.82.12.41.9-0.81.71.72.5

UK1.93.03.23.82.01.61.61.41.21.91.51.11.62.0

Kanada-0.22.21.53.62.4-0.22.61.62.83.33.61.72.50.2

Australien1.63.54.11.6-0.43.03.24.02.80.61.71.60.92.1






2.7Why more LLL ?

Diagramm8

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

years

% des BIP

Total financing volume for Lifelong Learning in % of GNP

Tabelle1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0





Wachstumstrends





















2USA2.3USAUSA




1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Lnder

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm7

Diagramm7

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

% des BIP

Tabelle4

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

Jahre

% des BIP

Gesamtfinanzierungsvolumen fr Lebenslanges Lernen in % des BIP

Tabelle2

Gesamtfinanzierungsvolumen fr Weiterbildung

in % des BIP

Jahre1986199119961999

% des BIP2.152.021.791.62

Diagramm2


1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8


USA2.02.3



OECDb2.11.9




Diagramm2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten


Tabelle3

Tabelle3

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Vernderungsraten



19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.72.61.52.91.61.21.61.11.21.50.40.71.21.7

USA0.63.20.61.50.21.72.02.02.21.80.63.12.12.0

Japan1.2-0.1-0.10.91.83.00.8-0.51.02.90.91.52.11.6

Belgien1.72.0-0.23.7-1.90.92.70.31.91.8-0.60.91.31.6

Dnemark1.71.41.54.01.51.51.70.91.42.41.12.31.71.8

Deutschland2.33.80.32.51.51.11.60.90.81.10.10.81.31.8

Griechenland5.6-0.7-2.50.11.22.84.2-0.73.64.34.54.23.33.4

Spanien1.42.41.92.90.91.20.90.20.60.70.30.71.01.4

Frankreich1.12.30.92.21.21.21.72.11.31.10.30.51.11.8

Italien0.61.42.23.22.90.81.60.81.11.40.1-0.70.61.0

Niederlande1.30.61.12.80.90.50.71.41.61.4-0.5-0.30.91.7

sterreich2.12.21.32.82.02.21.12.41.52.60.21.41.21.6

Finnland-0.74.25.45.11.72.53.12.90.83.2-0.61.32.42.6

Schweden0.42.86.45.12.52.23.82.12.41.9-0.81.71.72.5

UK1.93.03.23.82.01.61.61.41.21.91.51.11.62.0

Kanada-0.22.21.53.62.4-0.22.61.62.83.33.61.72.50.2

Australien1.63.54.11.6-0.43.03.24.02.80.61.71.60.92.1






2.8Why more LLL ?

Tabelle1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0





Wachstumstrends





















2USA2.3USAUSA




1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Lnder

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm7

Diagramm7

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

% des BIP

Tabelle4

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

Jahre

% des BIP


Tabelle2


in % des BIP

Jahre1986199119961999

% des BIP2.152.021.791.62

Diagramm2


1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8


USA2.02.3



OECDb2.11.9




Diagramm2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm1

Diagramm1

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Vernderungsraten


Tabelle5

5.76

6.25.8

76.1

6.37.1

6.35.8

6.36

5.55.3

4.64.6

4.94.9

7.16.4

5.44.9

6.26.5

5.55.5

7.37.3

1995

2001

Source: OECD, Education at a Glance 2004, p. 244

education expenditure (private and public) in % of GNP

Tabelle3

Bildungsausgaben insgesamt (ffentlich und privat) in % des BIP

AustraliensterreichKanadaDnemarkFinnlandFrankreichDeutschlandJapanNiederlandeNorwegenSpanienSchwedenUKUSA

19955.76.27.06.36.36.35.54.64.97.15.46.25.57.3

20016.05.86.17.15.86.05.34.64.96.44.96.55.57.3

Quelle: OECD, Bildung auf einen Blick,OECD-Indikatoren 2004, Paris 2004, S. 244, Tabelle B2.1a


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.72.61.52.91.61.21.61.11.21.50.40.71.21.7

USA0.63.20.61.50.21.72.02.02.21.80.63.12.12.0

Japan1.2-0.1-0.10.91.83.00.8-0.51.02.90.91.52.11.6

Belgien1.72.0-0.23.7-1.90.92.70.31.91.8-0.60.91.31.6

Dnemark1.71.41.54.01.51.51.70.91.42.41.12.31.71.8

Deutschland2.33.80.32.51.51.11.60.90.81.10.10.81.31.8

Griechenland5.6-0.7-2.50.11.22.84.2-0.73.64.34.54.23.33.4

Spanien1.42.41.92.90.91.20.90.20.60.70.30.71.01.4

Frankreich1.12.30.92.21.21.21.72.11.31.10.30.51.11.8

Italien0.61.42.23.22.90.81.60.81.11.40.1-0.70.61.0

Niederlande1.30.61.12.80.90.50.71.41.61.4-0.5-0.30.91.7

sterreich2.12.21.32.82.02.21.12.41.52.60.21.41.21.6

Finnland-0.74.25.45.11.72.53.12.90.83.2-0.61.32.42.6

Schweden0.42.86.45.12.52.23.82.12.41.9-0.81.71.72.5

UK1.93.03.23.82.01.61.61.41.21.91.51.11.62.0

Kanada-0.22.21.53.62.4-0.22.61.62.83.33.61.72.50.2

Australien1.63.54.11.6-0.43.03.24.02.80.61.71.60.92.1






2.9Why more LLL ?

Tabelle1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0





Wachstumstrends





















2USA2.3USAUSA




1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Lnder

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm7

Diagramm7

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

% des BIP

Tabelle4

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

Jahre

% des BIP


Tabelle2


in % des BIP

Jahre1986199119961999

% des BIP2.152.021.791.62

Diagramm2


1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8


USA2.02.3



OECDb2.11.9




Diagramm2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm1

Diagramm1

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Vernderungsraten


Tabelle5

5.76

6.25.8

76.1

6.37.1

6.35.8

6.36

5.55.3

4.64.6

4.94.9

7.16.4

5.44.9

6.26.5

5.55.5

7.37.3

1995,0

2001,0

Quelle: OECD, Bildung auf einen Blick 2004, S. 244

Bildungsausgaben (privat u. fentlich) in % des BIP

Diagramm3



1995.05.76.27.06.36.36.35.54.64.97.15.46.25.57.3

2001.06.05.86.17.15.86.05.34.64.96.44.96.55.57.3


Tabelle6

13.614.4

10.711.1

13.112.7

12.715.4

11.512.7

11.311.2

8.29.7

1110.5

910.7

15.30

10.611.3

10.612.8

11.411.4

017.1

1995

2001

Source: OECD, Education at a Glance 2004, p. 268

Public expenditure for education in % of the total public budget

Tabelle3

Die ffentlichen Gesamtausgaben fr Bildung in % der ffentlichen Gesamtausgaben


199513.610.713.112.711.511.38.211.09.015.310.610.611.4-

200114.411.112.715.412.711.29.710.510.7-11.312.811.417.1

Quelle: OECD, Bildung auf einen Blick, OECD-Indikatoren 2004, S. 268, Tabelle B4.1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.72.61.52.91.61.21.61.11.21.50.40.71.21.7

USA0.63.20.61.50.21.72.02.02.21.80.63.12.12.0

Japan1.2-0.1-0.10.91.83.00.8-0.51.02.90.91.52.11.6

Belgien1.72.0-0.23.7-1.90.92.70.31.91.8-0.60.91.31.6

Dnemark1.71.41.54.01.51.51.70.91.42.41.12.31.71.8

Deutschland2.33.80.32.51.51.11.60.90.81.10.10.81.31.8

Griechenland5.6-0.7-2.50.11.22.84.2-0.73.64.34.54.23.33.4

Spanien1.42.41.92.90.91.20.90.20.60.70.30.71.01.4

Frankreich1.12.30.92.21.21.21.72.11.31.10.30.51.11.8

Italien0.61.42.23.22.90.81.60.81.11.40.1-0.70.61.0

Niederlande1.30.61.12.80.90.50.71.41.61.4-0.5-0.30.91.7

sterreich2.12.21.32.82.02.21.12.41.52.60.21.41.21.6

Finnland-0.74.25.45.11.72.53.12.90.83.2-0.61.32.42.6

Schweden0.42.86.45.12.52.23.82.12.41.9-0.81.71.72.5

UK1.93.03.23.82.01.61.61.41.21.91.51.11.62.0

Kanada-0.22.21.53.62.4-0.22.61.62.83.33.61.72.50.2

Australien1.63.54.11.6-0.43.03.24.02.80.61.71.60.92.1






2.10Why more LLL ?

Tabelle1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0





Wachstumstrends





















2USA2.3USAUSA




1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Lnder

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm7

Diagramm7

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

% des BIP

Tabelle4

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

Quelle: Zwischenbericht, S. 111, Tabelle 5.5

% des BIP


Tabelle2


in % des BIP

Jahre1986199119961999

% des BIP2.152.021.791.62

Diagramm2


1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8


USA2.02.3



OECDb2.11.9




Diagramm2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm1

Diagramm1

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Vernderungsraten


Tabelle5

5.76

6.25.8

76.1

6.37.1

6.35.8

6.36

5.55.3

4.64.6

4.94.9

7.16.4

5.44.9

6.26.5

5.55.5

7.37.3

1995

2001


Abbildung 5: Bildungsausgaben (privat u. fentlich) in % des BIP

Diagramm3



19955.76.27.06.36.36.35.54.64.97.15.46.25.57.3

20016.05.86.17.15.86.05.34.64.96.44.96.55.57.3


Tabelle3

13.614.4

10.711.1

13.112.7

12.715.4

11.512.7

11.311.2

8.29.7

1110.5

910.7

15.30

10.611.3

10.612.8

11.411.4

017.1

1995

2001


ffentliche Bildungsausgaben in % der ffentlichen Ausgaben

Diagramm4


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.72.61.52.91.61.21.61.11.21.50.40.71.21.7

USA0.63.20.61.50.21.72.02.02.21.80.63.12.12.0

Japan1.2-0.1-0.10.91.83.00.8-0.51.02.90.91.52.11.6

Belgien1.72.0-0.23.7-1.90.92.70.31.91.8-0.60.91.31.6

Dnemark1.71.41.54.01.51.51.70.91.42.41.12.31.71.8

Deutschland2.33.80.32.51.51.11.60.90.81.10.10.81.31.8

Griechenland5.6-0.7-2.50.11.22.84.2-0.73.64.34.54.23.33.4

Spanien1.42.41.92.90.91.20.90.20.60.70.30.71.01.4

Frankreich1.12.30.92.21.21.21.72.11.31.10.30.51.11.8

Italien0.61.42.23.22.90.81.60.81.11.40.1-0.70.61.0

Niederlande1.30.61.12.80.90.50.71.41.61.4-0.5-0.30.91.7

sterreich2.12.21.32.82.02.21.12.41.52.60.21.41.21.6

Finnland-0.74.25.45.11.72.53.12.90.83.2-0.61.32.42.6

Schweden0.42.86.45.12.52.23.82.12.41.9-0.81.71.72.5

UK1.93.03.23.82.01.61.61.41.21.91.51.11.62.0

Kanada-0.22.21.53.62.4-0.22.61.62.83.33.61.72.50.2

Australien1.63.54.11.6-0.43.03.24.02.80.61.71.60.92.1






Diagramm6

Tabelle8

520er Jahre0

3.219700

2.219890

1.8819922.17

1.9119932.22

1.9519942.28

1.9919952.33

2.0319962.37

2.0619972.41

2.0919982.44

Sachkapital Brutto zu Humankapital Brutto

Sachkapital Netto zu Humankapital Netto

Quellen: Buttler & Tessarin 1993, S. 467; Ewerhart 2003, S. 50, Tabelle 22

Relation

Abbildung 7: Das Verhltnis von Sach- zu Humankapital in Deutschland

Diagramm5

Das Verhltnis von Sach- zu Humankapital in Deutschland

Sachkapital Brutto zu Humankapital BruttoSachkapital Netto zu Humankapital Netto

20er Jahre5.0-

19703.2-

19892.2-

19921.882.17

19931.912.22

19941.952.28

19951.992.33

19962.032.37

19972.062.41

19982.092.44

Quellen: Buttler & Tessaring 1993, S. 467 (bis 1989) und Ewerhart 2003, S. 50, Tabelle 22(ab 1992)

Tabelle7

2.71.7

3.52.2

3.42.3

3.12.4

3.22.6

3.32.7

3.22.6

3.32.6

3.42.8

3.32.8

3.42.9

3.32.9

3.32.9

3.22.8

3.22.6

2.82.5

2.72.4

2.62.3

2.62.3

2.72.3

2.62.3

2.62.3

2.62.5

2.72.5

2.82.5

2.72.5

ffentliche Ausgaben fr FuE in % des ffentlichen Gesamthaushalts

ffentliche und private Ausgaben fr FuE in % des Bruttonationaleinkommens

Source: Basic and struktural data 2003/ 2004, p. 346

in %

Expenditure for R & D in Germany in %

Tabelle6

Ausgaben fr Forschung und Entwicklung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in %

19651970197519801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

ffentliche Ausgaben fr FuE in % des ffentlichen Gesamthaushalts2.73.53.43.13.23.33.23.33.43.33.43.33.33.23.22.82.72.62.62.72.62.62.62.72.82.7

ffentliche und private Ausgaben fr FuE in % des Bruttonationaleinkommens1.72.22.32.42.62.72.62.62.82.82.92.92.92.82.62.52.42.32.32.32.32.32.52.52.52.5

Quelle: Grund- und Strukturdaten 2003/ 2004, BMBF, Bonn, Berlin, 2004, S. 346, Tabelle 7.3.1



199513.610.713.112.711.511.38.211.09.015.310.610.611.4-

200114.411.112.715.412.711.29.710.510.7-11.312.811.417.1


2.11Why more LLL ?

Tabelle1


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.81.1-0.32.82.41.62.52.92.83.51.61.11.32.3

USA-0.53.12.74.12.73.64.54.34.13.80.32.52.42.5

Japan3.31.00.31.01.93.41.8-1.10.12.80.40.21.51.3

Belgien1.81.5-1.03.22.41.23.62.03.23.70.80.71.22.3

Dnemark1.10.60.05.52.82.53.02.52.62.91.41.61.52.2

Deutschland5.12.2-1.12.31.70.81.42.02.02.90.60.20.42.0

Griechenland3.10.7-1.62.02.12.43.63.43.64.24.14.03.63.8

Spanien2.50.9-1.02.42.82.44.04.34.24.22.72.02.03.0

Frankreich1.01.5-0.92.11.71.11.93.43.23.82.11.21.12.3

Italien1.40.8-0.92.22.91.12.01.81.73.11.80.41.02.1

Niederlande2.51.70.92.63.03.03.84.44.03.31.30.20.51.7

sterreich3.32.30.42.61.62.01.63.92.73.50.71.01.22.0

Finnland-6.3-3.3-1.14.04.13.96.44.93.45.50.61.62.22.9

Schweden-1.1-1.71.14.24.01.32.43.64.64.41.11.91.42.7

UK-1.40.22.54.72.92.63.42.92.43.12.11.82.22.6

Kanada-2.10.92.44.72.81.64.33.95.14.41.73.61.7...

Australien-0.62.43.94.74.14.13.55.44.53.42.13.93.24.0





Wachstumstrends





















2USA2.3USAUSA




1980 - 1995

1995 - 2002

Lnder

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm7

Diagramm7

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

% des BIP

Tabelle4

2.15

2.02

1.79

1.62

Jahre

% des BIP


Tabelle2


in % des BIP

Jahre1986199119961999

% des BIP2.152.021.791.62

Diagramm2


1980 - 19951995 - 2002

Australien1.62.6

sterreich2.01.9

Belgien1.92.0

Kanada1.32.5

Dnemark1.82.0

Finnland1.63.5

Frankreich1.53.5

Deutschlanda1.61.4

Griechenland0.63.0

Irland3.87.1

Italien2.01.5

Japan2.90.6

Korea6.74.3

Niederlande1.72.2

Neuseeland1.32.2

Norwegen1.52.0

Spanien2.32.7

Schweden1.32.5

Schweiz0.90.8


USA2.02.3



OECDb2.11.9




Diagramm2

1.8-0.53.31.81.15.13.12.511.42.53.3-6.3-1.1-1.4-2.1360822098-0.6049724284

1.13.111.50.62.20.70.91.50.81.72.3-3.3-1.70.20.85975583282.4188477557

-0.32.70.3-10-1.1-1.6-1-0.9-0.90.90.4-1.11.12.52.39200711843.868731777

2.84.113.25.52.322.42.12.22.62.644.24.74.72095066344.6768854003

2.42.71.92.42.81.72.12.81.72.931.64.142.92.81338608844.1346086424

1.63.63.41.22.50.82.42.41.11.1323.91.32.61.56542953584.1476174237

2.54.51.83.631.43.641.923.81.66.42.43.44.28364723933.4679485976

2.94.3-1.122.523.44.33.41.84.43.94.93.62.93.92614253755.4194339261

2.84.10.13.22.623.64.23.21.742.73.44.62.45.06583743094.4989957524

3.53.82.83.72.92.94.24.23.83.13.33.55.54.43.14.43136761183.4025713806

1.60.30.40.81.40.64.12.72.11.81.30.70.61.12.11.72.1

1.12.50.20.71.60.2421.20.40.211.61.91.83.63.9

1.32.41.51.21.50.43.621.110.51.22.21.42.21.73.2

2.32.51.32.32.223.832.32.11.722.92.72.604

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Wachstumsraten


Diagramm1

Diagramm1

1.70.61.21.71.72.35.61.41.10.61.32.1-0.70.41.9-0.21.6218444109

2.63.2-0.121.43.8-0.72.42.31.40.62.24.22.832.23.4506692886

1.50.6-0.1-0.21.50.3-2.51.90.92.21.11.35.46.43.21.54.0767402649

2.91.50.93.742.50.12.92.23.22.82.85.15.13.83.61.572634697

1.60.21.8-1.91.51.51.20.91.22.90.921.72.522.4-0.4062827826

1.21.730.91.51.12.81.21.20.80.52.22.52.21.6-0.22.95008564

1.620.82.71.71.64.20.91.71.60.71.13.13.81.62.63.1799747944

1.12-0.50.30.90.9-0.70.22.10.81.42.42.92.11.41.64.0132160187

1.22.211.91.40.83.60.61.31.11.61.50.82.41.22.82.7644283772

1.51.82.91.82.41.14.30.71.11.41.42.63.21.91.93.30.5522916317

0.40.60.9-0.61.10.14.50.30.30.1-0.50.2-0.6-0.81.53.61.6589452028

0.73.11.50.92.30.84.20.70.5-0.7-0.31.41.31.71.11.71.6409814358

1.22.12.11.31.71.33.311.10.60.91.22.41.71.62.50.8747950196

1.721.61.61.81.83.41.41.811.71.62.62.520.22.0800564289

EU

USA

Japan

Belgien

Dnemark

Deutschland

Griechenland

Spanien

Frankreich

Italien

Niederlande

sterreich

Finnland

Schweden

UK

Kanada

Australien

Jahre

Vernderungsraten


Tabelle5

5.76

6.25.8

76.1

6.37.1

6.35.8

6.36

5.55.3

4.64.6

4.94.9

7.16.4

5.44.9

6.26.5

5.55.5

7.37.3

1995,0

2001,0


Bildungsausgaben (privat u. fentlich) in % des BIP

Diagramm3



1995.05.76.27.06.36.36.35.54.64.97.15.46.25.57.3

2001.06.05.86.17.15.86.05.34.64.96.44.96.55.57.3


Tabelle3

13.614.4

10.711.1

13.112.7

12.715.4

11.512.7

11.311.2

8.29.7

1110.5

910.7

15.30

10.611.3

10.612.8

11.411.4

017.1

1995

2001


ffentliche Bildungsausgaben in % der ffentlichen Ausgaben

Diagramm4


19911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

EU1.72.61.52.91.61.21.61.11.21.50.40.71.21.7

USA0.63.20.61.50.21.72.02.02.21.80.63.12.12.0

Japan1.2-0.1-0.10.91.83.00.8-0.51.02.90.91.52.11.6

Belgien1.72.0-0.23.7-1.90.92.70.31.91.8-0.60.91.31.6

Dnemark1.71.41.54.01.51.51.70.91.42.41.12.31.71.8

Deutschland2.33.80.32.51.51.11.60.90.81.10.10.81.31.8

Griechenland5.6-0.7-2.50.11.22.84.2-0.73.64.34.54.23.33.4

Spanien1.42.41.92.90.91.20.90.20.60.70.30.71.01.4

Frankreich1.12.30.92.21.21.21.72.11.31.10.30.51.11.8

Italien0.61.42.23.22.90.81.60.81.11.40.1-0.70.61.0

Niederlande1.30.61.12.80.90.50.71.41.61.4-0.5-0.30.91.7

sterreich2.12.21.32.82.02.21.12.41.52.60.21.41.21.6

Finnland-0.74.25.45.11.72.53.12.90.83.2-0.61.32.42.6

Schweden0.42.86.45.12.52.23.82.12.41.9-0.81.71.72.5

UK1.93.03.23.82.01.61.61.41.21.91.51.11.62.0

Kanada-0.22.21.53.62.4-0.22.61.62.83.33.61.72.50.2

Australien1.63.54.11.6-0.43.03.24.02.80.61.71.60.92.1






Diagramm6

Tabelle8

520er Jahre020er Jahre

3.2197001970

2.2198901989

1.8819922.171992

1.9119932.221993

1.9519942.281994

1.9919952.331995

2.0319962.371996

2.0619972.411997

2.0919982.441998

Sachkapital Brutto zu Humankapital Brutto

Sachkapital Netto zu Humankapital Netto

Sources: Buttler & Tessarin 1993, p. 467; Ewerhart 2003, p. 50, Table 22

Relation

The ratio between human and real capital in Geremany

Diagramm5

Das Verhltnis von Sach- zu Humankapital in Deutschland

Sachkapital Brutto zu Humankapital BruttoSachkapital Netto zu Humankapital Netto

20er Jahre5.0-

19703.2-

19892.2-

19921.882.17

19931.912.22

19941.952.28

19951.992.33

19962.032.37

19972.062.41

19982.092.44

Quellen: Buttler & Tessaring 1993, S. 467 (bis 1989) und Ewerhart 2003, S. 50, Tabelle 22(ab 1992)

Tabelle7

2.71.7

3.52.2

3.42.3

3.12.4

3.22.6

3.32.7

3.22.6

3.32.6

3.42.8

3.32.8

3.42.9

3.32.9

3.32.9

3.22.8

3.22.6

2.82.5

2.72.4

2.62.3

2.62.3

2.72.3

2.62.3

2.62.3

2.62.5

2.72.5

2.82.5

2.72.5

ffentliche Ausgaben fr FuE in % des ffentlichen Gesamthaushalts

ffentliche und private Ausgaben fr FuE in % des Bruttonationaleinkommens

Quelle: Grund- und Strukturdaten 2003/ 2004, S. 346

in %

Ausgaben fr FuE in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in %

Tabelle6

Ausgaben fr Forschung und Entwicklung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in %

19651970197519801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002

ffentliche Ausgaben fr FuE in % des ffentlichen Gesamthaushalts2.73.53.43.13.23.33.23.33.43.33.43.33.33.23.22.82.72.62.62.72.62.62.62.72.82.7

ffentliche und private Ausgaben fr FuE in % des Bruttonationaleinkommens1.72.22.32.42.62.72.62.62.82.82.92.92.92.82.62.52.42.32.32.32.32.32.52.52.52.5

Quelle: Grund- und Strukturdaten 2003/ 2004, BMBF, Bonn, Berlin, 2004, S. 346, Tabelle 7.3.1



199513.610.713.112.711.511.38.211.09.015.310.610.611.4-

200114.411.112.715.412.711.29.710.510.7-11.312.811.417.1


2.12Warum mehr LLL?Since 1992 (until 2001) slightly decreasing expenditures of public and private employers for LLL (in absolute and relative terms).Strong deficits at SMEs (about 75 % abstinent)LLL-expenditures per head of german firms by far below EU average, proportion of LLL-active firms also below EU average CVTS II)Focus of in-company learning on informal learning as well as on short-term adaptive learning hampers innovations at the work placePromotion of economic growth (II)

2.13Why more LLL?

Employment (chances) depend(s) growingly on qualifications Between 70 und 90 % participants in vocational LLL judge their participation as advantageous Returns from LLL: Lowering the unemployment risk for 20 to 44 years old worker and employees (West 2%, East 5%)Growth of the gross monthly income by 4,5%, for men and women, fully employed and aged 20 to 44 years (West Germany), in East Germany by 7-8% also for 20 bis 64 year old men and womenIndividual carreer leaps seen only for fully employed men in Westgermany (+2%)Strengthening the individual Employability(I)

2. 14 Why more LLL?Employment ratio according to qualification level (2002)Increase of individual employability (II)

2.15 Why more LLL?

Groups whose probability of participating in LLL is significantly below average Persons with low or without formal vocational traning or occupational status, persons in low-knowledge or obsolescence-intensive occupationsPersons working in traditional work organisationPersons without occupational status, being jobless or in precarious occupational statusWorkers and employees in SMEsWomen with children or health care obligations (LLL abstinence grows with numberf of childen)Low income personsImmigrants Surprising: Age and part-time employment have no particular effect on participation in LLLIncrease of individual employability (III)

2.16 Why more LLL?

9,6% of all pupils leave schools without main school certificat (2000/2001) Tendency is slowly increasing 25 % of annual initial vocational traning contracts are cut short (the 1984 rate was 14%) 62% stay somewhere and somehow in the education system the rest drops out and disappearsAbout 27 % of students drop out of their study (some move into jobs, some into another training paths)High proportion of unskilled people among immigrants, immigration often connected with breaks of the education and work biographie

Differenciated development pathways and biografiesConclusion: High Need for a second Chance

The german education system does by far not exhaust the learning and performance potential of its learners.German enterprises do not exhaust the learning and performance potential of their employees compared to employers in partner countries.During the coming decades the german population will age and shrink, and c.p. the speed of economic growth will be damped. The active population will age. The average age of the employes and workers will increase, the ability and capability for innovations will more and more depend on an older and aging work force.The level of total knowledge runs risk to get old, the stream of new knowledge may speed down.In the light of the demografic development and the most recent discoveries about the learning abilities of adults a rethinking is necessary. It has to be acknowledged that older people are able to stay productive and to learn, even in their 70s. They learn differently from the youngsters.2.17 Why more LLL?

Employment rate according to Age and Gender

2.18Why more LLL?

Employment rates of 55- to 64-year old men and women (international comparison

2. 19 Why more LLL?

Institut

Arbeit und Technik

35,1

38,4

47

64,2

70,7

66,3

62,1

16,7

34,6

30,0

49,9

65,9

53,2

44,7

B

F

D

DK

SWE

USA

UK

Quelle: OECD, 2003

Beschftigungsquote* der 55

-

bis 64

-

jhrigen Mnner und Frauen

im internationalen Vergleich, 2002

* Anteil der Beschftigten an der Bevlkerung in dieser Altersgr

uppe

35,1

38,4

47

64,2

70,7

66,3

62,1

16,7

34,6

30,0

49,9

65,9

53,2

44,7

B

F

D

DK

SWE

USA

UK

: OECD, 2003

Beschftigungsquote* der 55

-

bis 64

-

jhrigen Mnner und Frauen

im internationalen Vergleich, 2002

* Anteil der Beschftigten an der Bevlkerung in dieser Altersgr

uppe

M

nner

Frauen

Self financing by the lernerFrom current incomeEducational saving loans

Single employer financing

Levy-grant systems, parafiscal funds solutions

3.1Financing instruments: a survey

State Financing alternatives

Institutional FinancingDirect subsidies loansInterest subsidies for loan takersAmortisation subsidies for loan takersVouchersSaving premiaTax deduction, exemption, delaySubsidies to LLL-costs3.2Financing instruments: a survey

3.3Financing instruments: a surveyFindings

Ability of private households to save and invest correlates strongly with net-income and financial assets, lower 20% of Households not able to saveCompetition between savings for education, home construction and retirement Beyond the age of 30 financial support nearly only by tax regulations; exceptions: Bafg and AFBG; far more than 50% of public education transfers go to learners between 18. und 26. years of age, and mostly for general education

3.4Financing instruments: a surveyInstitutional regulations are often driving forces behind training decisions

Product liability normsQualitty standards und Qualitty assurancePrevention of accidents and health protection ordersProtection against unlawful dismissalinnovative work place and work environment, stimulating learning

4.1 The architecture of the recommendationsPublic support of general, political and cultural LLL, as long as of public interest Supporting private educational saving for LLL, attractive interest rates as well as amortisation conditionsExpansion of general and vocational learning of adults with low income and wealth on grounds of a coherent financing system for LLL Schweden)Recommendations (I)

4.2The architecture of the recommendations

Public support of subsistence: (Status quo in comparison with recommendations, own design)

4.3 The architecture of the recommendationsDifferentiation of public support according to public and private interest

4.4 The architecture of the recommendationsPromotion of LLL in Companies (protection against insolvency of LLL-accounts, levy-grant system for workers/ employees in precarious conditions, exemption right, right to return, vouchers for SMEs)Promotion of LLL according to SGB III (flexible handling of mediation quota for target groups, flexible promotion of un- and semi-skilled workers, deference of unemployment compensation claims in case of LLL)Instruments aimed at migrants, evacuees and young refugees (Integration courses, access to vocational education and training)Recommendations (II)

4.5The architecture of the recommendationsUniform (nation-wide) regulations as to institutional settings (f.e. accreditation, educational profiling, qualitty assurance, certification)Rationing of publicly granted Learning time to be investigatedExpansion of Research about LLLCreating environments in labor and product markets which foster learningRecommendations (III)

4.6 The architecture of the recommendationsRESULT

dieter timmermann financing lifelong learning

Documents

financing lll

economics of education

financing instruments

professor of general

professor of economic

economic finance

business economics

economic promotion