Understanding Parts of SpeechUnderstanding Parts of Speech

Sometimes the author provides a hint of an unknown word by repeating the word which is related to each other – that is, they have the same base word but different functions or parts of speech.

Page 40-42, 50-52

Recognizing Similar Meanings Recognizing Similar Meanings but Different Parts of Speechbut Different Parts of Speech

For example (p.50): For many people, there seems to be no

escape from poverty; in other words, they are poor, and they have no hope that this will change.

There may be social ills when many people in a society have no money to buy necessities.

3

Understanding Parts of Speech (p. 41)Understanding Parts of Speech (p. 41) 2. create (v)

3. crowd (v)

4. differ (v)

5. difficulty (n)

6. efficiently (adv)

7. polluted (adj)

8. prediction (n)

9. safe (adj)

10. solution (n)

11. worse (adv)

4

Understanding Parts of Speech (p. 42)Understanding Parts of Speech (p. 42) 1. solution (n)/ solve (v)

2. pollution (n)/ pollutants (n)

3. crowds (n)/ crowded (a)

4. safe (adj)/ safely (adv)/ safety (n)

5. beautiful (adj)/ beautify (v)

6. predict (v)/ worse (adj)/ prediction (n)/ worsen (v)

7. differ (v)/ difference (n)/ differently (adv)/ different (adj)

8. efficient (adj)/ efficiently (adv)

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Using Parts of Speech to Understand Vocabulary (p. 51)

1. lift v. bring, carry, move up

2. eradication n. elimination, removal, destruction

3. subsidiary adj. side, minor, small, secondary,insignificant

4. fund n. account, money

grant n. not loans, money given

5. plow v. put, return, provide, give

Dictionary Skills

• Getting to know your dictionary

• Choosing the appropriate meaning

Pre-Questions

When do you use a dictionary? What kind of information does it give you? When reading English, do you use a

monolingual or bilingual dictionary? What are the advantages and disadvantages

or a bilingual dictionary?

Getting to know your dictionaryTypes of dictionary

BooksCD-ROMSInternetetc.

http://nhd.heinle.com/home.aspx

Getting to know your dictionary

OxfordLongmanCollins CobuildMerriam WebsterPenguin (i.e. Thesaurus)So Setthabhut

Recommended dictionaries:

Getting to know your dictionary

A dictionary provides not only the meaning of a word but also gives its spelling, pronunciation, functions, and etc.

What are in a dictionary?

Source of various kinds of information Words Spelling Pronunciation

(Phonetic symbols, BrE. and AmE.) Definitions/ meanings Grammar Example sentences and use Pictures Appendices

Getting to know your dictionary

Example

Getting to know your dictionary

In order to use a dictionary effectively and quickly we need to know some important

parts such as:

TermsTerms AbbreviationsAbbreviations TypefacesTypefaces SymbolsSymbols

Entry Headword Definition Example Part of

speech Compound

word

Getting to know your dictionary

Terms

headword + headword

Getting to know your dictionaryAbbreviations

Most words in English haveMost words in English have more than one meaning more than one meaning

and many have and many have several parts of speech several parts of speech (functions).(functions).

Choosing the appropriate meaning

Why choose the appropriate meaning?

How to choose the appropriate meaning?

Choosing the appropriate meaning

1. Look at the 1. Look at the context context in which the word appears.in which the word appears.

the part that comes before or after a word, phrase, statement, etc and

help reader determine the appropriate function and meaning of the word

fair & legal

• Everyone wants a clean and honest election.

• Gene always has the cleanest desk in the office.

• He's been asked to tell some jokes in his speech but he's got to keep it clean.

• Our hotel room was lovely and clean.

not dirty

not offensive

Free of disease

1)1) not dirtynot dirty2)2) fair & legalfair & legal3)3) not offensivenot offensive4)4) free of diseasefree of disease

Choosing the appropriate meaning2. Know what part of speech it is?

I left my bag on that round table.It’s your round, Tom.Jenny rounded her lips.

adj.

noun

verbThe plan looks good at the moment.If you have a good look, you can just see the white house.

verb

noun

I’m reading a great book by Graham Greene.We need to book well in advance before Christmas.

noun

verbYour life changes completely when you have a baby.I have noticed some big changes in Louis since she got married.

verb

noun

Choosing the appropriate meaning

Dictionary gives not only the meaning of a word Dictionary gives not only the meaning of a word but also the meaning of but also the meaning of idiomatic phrase idiomatic phrase (idiom)(idiom)/ / expressionexpression..

In a dictionary, idioms are In a dictionary, idioms are shown at their shown at their important wordimportant word..

i.e.i.e. have egg on your facehave egg on your face(You must look up the word “egg”.)have a nice dayhave a nice day

(You must look up the word “nice”.)

a group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the

ordinary meaning of each separate word.For example,

'under the weather' is an idiom meaning 'ill'.

Work on the supplementary Work on the supplementary exercise!!exercise!!