diarthrotic joints

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Diarthrot ic Joints Estorco, Clar Llave, Krystalyn Perez, Reiss Ramirez, Ian

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Estorco, ClarLlave, KrystalynPerez, ReissRamirez, Ian

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Page 1: Diarthrotic Joints

Diarthrotic Joints

Estorco, ClarLlave, Krystalyn

Perez, ReissRamirez, Ian

Page 2: Diarthrotic Joints

2

Classification of Joints• (1) Fibrous joints

• Dense connective tissues connect bones

• Between bones in close contact

• (2) Cartilaginous joints• Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

connect bones

• (3) Synovial joints• Most complex• Allow free movement

• These joints are also known as:• Synarthrotic joints

• Considered immovable• Amphiarthrotic joints

• Slightly movable• Diarthrotic joints

• Freely movable

Page 3: Diarthrotic Joints

femur

ligaments

pelvis

(diarthrosis)- freely moveable

Page 4: Diarthrotic Joints

femur

hyaline cartilage

synovial cavity

Page 5: Diarthrotic Joints

Shoulder joint

• Ligaments prevent displacement

• Very wide range of movement (circumduction)

Page 6: Diarthrotic Joints

Elbow joint

• Flexion and extension• Many reinforcing

ligaments• Stable joint

Page 7: Diarthrotic Joints

The Hip Joint

• Many reinforcing ligaments

• Less freedom of movement than shoulder joint

• Circumduction

Page 8: Diarthrotic Joints

The Knee Joint

• Femur articulates anteriorly with patella

• Strengthened by many ligaments and tendons

Page 9: Diarthrotic Joints

• Complex Joint• Articular disc• Gliding above disc• Hinge below disc• Movements:

- depression- elevation- protraction- retraction

Page 10: Diarthrotic Joints

• Planar Joint• Hinge Joint• Pivot Joint• Saddle Joint• Ball & Socket Joint• Condyloid or Ellipsoid Joint

Page 11: Diarthrotic Joints
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• Convex surface of bone fits in concave surface of 2nd bone

• Unixlateral like a door hinge• Examples:

- Knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints• Movements produced:

- flexion- extension- hyperextension

Page 13: Diarthrotic Joints

• Bone surfaces are slightly curved• Side to side movement only• Rotation prevented by ligaments• Examples:

- intercarpal to intertarsal joints- sternoclavicular joint- vertebrocostal joints

Page 14: Diarthrotic Joints

• Rounded surface of bone articulates with the ring formed by the 2nd bone & ligament

• Monoaxial since it only allows rotation around longitudinal axis

• Examples:- proximal radioulnar joint

- supination- pronation

- atlanto-axial joint- Turning head side to

side “no”

Page 15: Diarthrotic Joints

• One bone saddle-shaped, other bone fits like a person riding on the saddle

• Biaxial- circumduction allows the tip of the

thumb to travel in a circle- Opposition allows thumb to touch

tip of other fingers• Examples:

- Trapezium of carpus and metacarple of thumb

Page 16: Diarthrotic Joints

• Ball fitting into a cup-like depression• Multiaxial

- flexion/extension- abduction/adduction- rotation

• Examples:- shoulder joint- hip joint

Page 17: Diarthrotic Joints

• Oval-shaped depression fits into oval depression

• Biaxial= flex/extend or adduct/abduct is possible

• Examples:- Wrist and metacarpophelangeal joints for

2 to 5 digits

Page 18: Diarthrotic Joints

Gliding

(a) Gliding movements at the wrist

Figure 8.5a Movements allowed by synovial joints.

Page 19: Diarthrotic Joints

(b) Angular movements: flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the neck

Hyperextension Extension

Flexion

Figure 8.5b Movements allowed by synovial joints.

Page 20: Diarthrotic Joints
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Figure 8.5e Movements allowed by synovial joints.

• Abduction

• Adduction

• (e) Angular movements: abduction, adduction, andcircumduction of the upper limb at the shoulder

• Circumduction

Page 24: Diarthrotic Joints

Figure 8.5f Movements allowed by synovial joints.

• Lateral• rotation• Medial• rotation

• Rotation

• (f) Rotation of the head, neck, and lower limb

Page 25: Diarthrotic Joints

Supination(radius and ulna are parallel)

(a) Pronation (P) and supination (S)

Pronation(radius rotatesover ulna)

Figure 8.6a Special body movements.

Page 26: Diarthrotic Joints

Dorsiflexion

Plantar flexion

(b) Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Figure 8.6b Special body movements.

Page 27: Diarthrotic Joints

EversionInversion

(c) Inversion and eversion

Figure 8.6c Special body movements.

Page 28: Diarthrotic Joints

Protractionof mandible

Retractionof mandible

(d) Protraction and retraction

Figure 8.6d Special body movements.

Page 29: Diarthrotic Joints

Elevationof mandible

Depressionof mandible

(e) Elevation and depression

Figure 8.6e Special body movements.

Page 30: Diarthrotic Joints

(f) Opposition

Opposition

Figure 8.6f Special body movements.

Page 31: Diarthrotic Joints

Type of joint movement:• Flexion- bent knee• Extension- extend knee• Hyperextension- bring leg back• Dorsi flexion- heal• Plantar flexion- toe• Abduction- leg out• Adduction-leg in• Rotation- twisting• Circumduction- circular motion• Supination- palm up• Pronation- palm down• Eversion- foot out• Inversion- foot in• Protraction- chin forward• Retraction- chin back• Elevation- shoulders up• Depression- shoulders down