development journalism talk at uplb

Development Journalism

It’s time to map, measure and model …

Mapping Development Journalism: Key Areas

LocationMedia Content ApproachResearchFaults

Mapping Development Journalism:Location

Where is it practiced?


Asia:India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, China …


Africa:Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroun, Zaire, Kenya

…


Latin America:Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cube, Mexico,

Peru …

Mapping Development Journalism:Media

Is it practiced in community news media only?

Mapping Development Journalism:Media

Mainstream news mediaAlternative news mediaOther media outlets

Mapping Development Journalism:Content

Is it practiced in agriculture only?

Mapping Development Journalism:Content

Science journalismHealth journalismBiotech journalismEnvironmental journalism

Mapping Development Journalism:Approach

How is it practiced?

Mapping Development Journalism:Approach

Mapping Development Journalism: Pro-Process

Should support and contribute to

the process of development, the name of the game

in development journalism (Chalkley, 1980)

Mapping Development Journalism: Pro-Participation

More emphasis on participation of

the ordinary people

Mapping Development Journalism: Pro-Participation

Power should be given to the ordinary people

to allow them to participate

in collective decisions at all levels

(Servaes, 1999)

Mapping Development Journalism: Pro-Government

Dominant: geographical spread political and professional impact


Emphasis: constructive cooperation

between the press and the government


Emphasis: education role of the press

in nation building and economic construction


Emphasis: responsible exercise of press freedom

Mapping Development Journalism:Research

How much research has been done?

Mapping Development Journalism: Research

Name of Journal 1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Total

JOC (1951) 1 1

Gazette (1955) 2 3 2 1 8

JODC (1990) 3 2 5

AJC (1990) 1 1

Media Asia (1974) 2 5 1 8

APME (1996) 1 1

CT (1991) 1 1

JQ (1928) 1 3 4

WC (1971-2001) 1 1

AMR (1986) 2 2

AJR (1978) 2 2

Total1 5 11 13 4 34

Mapping Development Journalism:Faults

What has gone wrong?


Lack of understanding of what development journalism is all

about


Coverage of development news

too much politicized


Lack of interest in development news

among journalistsdue to deadline and business

pressure


Lack of interest in development news

among readersdue to entertainment-oriented

content consumption


Too conventionallack of creativity


Overemphasis on economic development


Limited coverage of social, cultural and political development


Insufficient studies on development journalism

in different media


Lack of studies on effectiveness of development journalism


Limited research on different development journalism

principles and practices


Few studies on the gap

between normative development journalism

and empirical development journalism

Mapping Development Journalism: A Brief Sumaary

LocationMedia Content ApproachResearchFaults

Measuring Development Journalism:Key Areas

Designing indicatorsConducting surveys Conducting comparative content analysisLocating differencesMeasuring normative-empirical gap

Measuring Development Journalism:Missions

What should be done?


Designing a set of development journalism indicators


Measuring the extent to which development journalism is practiced


Locating differences in development journalism principles


Locating differences in development journalism practices


Measuring the gap between the normative development journalism and empirical development journalism


Survey reporters, editors and publishers


Survey media educators and students


Survey different segments of the public


Survey policy-makers, NGOs and government officials


Comparative studies of media policies


Content analysis of newspaper news stories


Content analysis of radio news stories


Content analysis of television news stories


Content analysis of online news stories


Content analysis of mobile news stories

Measuring Development Journalism: Indicators

Indicator: News Topics

Development Journalism Non-Development Journalism

1. Economic development 1. Government affairs

2. Agricultural development 2. Power politics

3. Political development 3. Business

4. Education and literacy 4. Military affairs

5. Employment and labor welfare 5. Consumerism

6. Family planning 6. Investment

7. Health, hygiene and medicine 7. Finance

8. Housing 8. Lifestyle

9. Industrial, sci-tech development 9. Trade

Indicator: News Topics


10. National integration 10. Religions

11. Rural development 11. Foreign relations

12. Urban development 12. Sports

13. Social change 13. Legal affairs

14.Telecom and transport development 14. Crimes

15. Cultural development 15. War and conflict

16. Environmental protection 16. Celebrity affairs

17. Check between plan and achievement 17. Travel & living

Indicator: News Sources


1. Grass-root institutions 1. Elite institutions

2. Ordinary people 2. Elite people

3. Other bottom-up sources 3. Other top-down sources

Indicator: News Actors


1. The poor 1. Government officials

2. Women 2. Public figures

3. Farmers 3. Celebrities

4. Children 4. Professionals

5. Elderly 5. Businessmen

6. Other ordinary people 6. Other elite people

Indicator: News Orientations


1. Emphasis on solution 1. Emphasis on problem exposure

2. Emphasis on process 2. Emphasis on events

3. Participation of the ordinary people 3. Participation of the elite

4. Empowerment of the ordinary 4. Empowerment of the elite

5. Emphasis on stability 5. Emphasis on conflict

6. Emphasis on harmony 6. More interested in chaos

7. Emphasis on collectivism 7. Emphasis on individualism

8. Emphasis on consensus 8. Emphasis on differences

9. Emphasis on partnership 9. Emphasis on adversary

10. Impact on the ordinary people 10. Impact on the elite people

Indicator: News Presentations


1. Informative 1. Entertaining

2. Mindful of consequences 2. Not mindful of consequences

3. Ordinary people friendly 3. Elite people friendly

Measuring Development Journalism: Normative-Empirical Gap

Measuring Development Journalism:A Brief Summary

Designing indicatorsConducting surveys Conducting comparative content analysisLocating differencesMeasuring normative-empirical gap

Modeling Development Journalism:Describe, Explain, Predict

How to describe, explain and predict differences in development journalism?

Development Journalism:An Orientation Model

Development Journalism: An Operation Model

Development Journalism: A Difference Model

Modeling Development Journalism:A Brief Summary

An Orientation ModelAn Operation ModelA Difference Model

Development Journalism:Wrapping Up

MappingMeasuringModeling

Thank you!

development journalism talk at uplb

News & Politics

mapping development

political development

economic development

process of development

faults lack of studies

different media

faults overemphasis

media asia