Development Of Animation

Pioneers:

• Joseph Plateau (phenakoscope)• He was the first person to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image. To do this he used counter rotating disks with repeating drawn images in small increments of motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the other. He called this device of 1832 the phenakistoscope.

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William Horner (zoetrope)

• He modern invention of the Zoetrope under the name Daedaleum in 1834.

• he was a schoolmaster, headmaster and school keeper, proficient in classics as well as mathematics, who wrote extensively on functional equations, number theory and approximation theory, but also on optics. His contribution to approximation theory is honored in the designation Horner’s method.

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Emile Reynaud (praxinoscope)

• The Praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the Zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Emile Reynaud.

• Like the Zoetrope the Praxinoscope uses images and mirrors to make it look like the images are moving in one smooth movement.

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Edward Muybridge

• was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.

• He adopted the name Eadweard Muybridge, believing it to be the original Anglo-Saxon form of his name.

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Edison (kinetoscope)

• On April 14, 1894, the first commercial exhibition of motion pictures in history was given in New York City, using ten Kinetoscopes.

• In 1895, Edison introduced the Kinetophone, which joined the Kinetoscope with a Cylinder Phonograph.

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Lumiere Brothers

• The Lumiere brothers, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas 19 October 1862, Besancon, France.

• Louis Jean 5 October 1864, Besancon, France.

• 6 June 1948, are credited to be first filmmakers in history.

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George Pal

• George Pal May 2, 1980) was a Hungarian-born American animator and film producer, principally associated with the science fiction genre.

• He was nominated for Academy Awards (in the category Best short subjects, Cartoon) no less than seven consecutive years (1942-1948) and received an honorary award in 1944.

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Developers

• Wills O’brien:• Wills Harold O'Brien March 2, 1886 November 8, 1962 was an American motion picture special effects and stop-motion animation pioneer, who according to ASIFA-Hollywood; ”he was responsible for some of the best-known images in cinema history.

• best remembered for his work on The Lost World (1925), King Kong(1933) and Mighty Joe Young (1949), for which he won the 1950 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects

Ray Harryhausen

• Raymond Frederick “Ray” Harryhausen (June 29, 1920 - May 7, 2013) was an American visual effects creator, writer, and producer who created a form of stop-motion model animation known as "Dynamation”. QuickTime™ and a

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Jan Svankmajer

• Jan Svankmajer (born 4 September 1934) is a Czech filmmaker and artist whose work spans several media.

• He is a self-labeled surrealist known for his animations and features.

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Contemporary Work

• The Brothers Quay:• Stephen and Timothy Quay born June 17, 1947 are American identical twin brothers better known as the Brothers Quay or Quay Brothers.

• The Quay Brothers reside and work in Engalnd, having moved there in 1969 to study at the Royal College of Art, London. QuickTime™ and a

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Tim Burton

• Timothy Walter “Tim” Burton born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, producer, artist, writer, poet and stop motion artist.

• Burton is known for using recurring collaborators on his works; among them are Johnny Depp, who has become a close friend of Burton since their first film together.

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Aardman

• Aardman Animations, Ltd., also known as Aardman Studios, or simply as Aardman, is a British animation studio based in Bristol, United Kingdom.

• The studio is known for films made using stop-motion clay animation techniques, particularly those featuring Platicine characters Wallace and Gromit. It entered the computer animation market with Flushed Away (2006).

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