design trends ship register
TRANSCRIPT
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DESIGN TRENDS SHIP REGISTER
IN THE PAST DECADE IN THE WORLD
Risandi Dwirama Putra
University Technology Malaysia
Introduction
In the world market, the development of a country is strongly influenced by
economic factors and industry developments. Ship is not a basic industry or primary
industries in the sense of agriculture, ship industry is also not a secondary industries
like the steel industry or other mining industries. But the ship industry is providing
a major influence in the economy.
Any type of industry needed its consumer, industrial vessels provide
transportation services for all types of production and industry can work well to
consumers. Oil and gas industry, steel industry, the tourism industry, and all other
types of industries that highly dependent with the ship industry.
Each country requires a trade in maritime services. Ship industry is still an
important need to distribute results of production to a variety of world industry.
With its a lot ships are needed to raise and distribute industrial products to around
the world. Developments in the world on ships, especially cargo is growing rapidly.
Many of his demand for control every aspect of the world's logistics service,
container ships are very a lot in need. Requirement in the delivery of maritime
services on the large number of requests on container ship maritime services are
not balanced. Industrial development in Asia, causing increased demand for
container ships.
Why is researched ?
To know the development for existing ships around the world, there is need
for research on classification soecities. with this analysis we can find out what's
going trend of the various types of ships are registered and we can find out why this
trend occurs, what causes it and we can find out what the next 10 years the ship will
be there, what of the trend happened and demand design for next 10 years.
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Ship registered in the past decade
Ship data which is used taken from the site e.ship.net. The data was takenfrom the years 2000-2009. The data is used from various Classification Soecities on
the worldwide, existing data is grouped for each type of ship and will be made
analysis of each development year. Ships in the analysis was totaled 26192 of ships.
Which consists of various types of ships was based on ship classification.
Fig 1. Percentage of ship register in every Classification soecities in the world from 2000
2009 based on e.ship.net
Fig. 1 shows the percentage of registered ships in the worldwide. From the
year 2000 - 2009, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai and the American Bureau of shipping still
dominate the large number of ships registered in the agencies soecities classification
that exists on the world, this indicates that economic development in the western
and the eastern part have experienced a balanced economic development . The
number of ships registered in some eastern parts of the ship registration, showing
that the economy of the eastern areas began growing rapidly in the field of ship
industry.
AMERICAN
BUREAU OFSHIIPING
15%
BIRO
KLASIFIKASI
INDONESIA
6%BUREAU
VERITAS
14%
DET NORSKE
VERITAS
10%
GERMANISCHE
R LYLOD
12%
LLYLOD
REGISTER
14%
NIPPON KAIJI
KYOKAI
15%
ETC
14%
CLASSIFICATION SOECITIES
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Trends Shiping registered in the past decade
Trends that occur on ships registered in the past decade in the world, can beseen from the development of the existing number of vessels each year. To identify
the development trend of ship register, the ships are classified based on the type :
Offshore Support Vessel
Transportation Vessel
Liquid Cargo Ship
Dry Cargo Ship
For offshore support vessel, the trend can be seen from figure 2 below.
4.1Offshore Support Vessel.
Fig 2. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for
offshore support vessel
Trends ships for offshore support vessel have very significant growth, except
for a trend in the FPSO, where in 2009 the number of FPSO which registered very
few of ship. As for the drillship and offshre constuction has increased very high. This
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
QUANTITY
OFSHIPPINGR
EGISTRY
YEARS
TRENDS SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST DECADE IN THE WORLD
FOR OFFSHORE SUPPORT VESSEL
DRILL SHIP FPSO OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION
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shows that the future drillship and offshore construction will increasingly, where
with the development of the trend drillship and offshore construction industry
indicate that oil and gas will increasingly lead to deep water.
4.2Transportation Vessel
Fig 3. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for
Transportation vessel
Trend in the transportation vessel did not develop significantly. In general,
for the transportation vessel for the last ten years from the year 2000-2009 did not
experience an increase in quantity. Increasing the quantity only for the passenger /
ferry in 2007 about 60 ships are registered in the passanger ship worldwide.
another vessel for transportation in the past 10 years has decreased.
The decrease of the transportation vessel This could result competition on
the business of marine transportation industry. Many of its air transportation
services causes an alternative of maritime transport industry was second in freight
transportation services.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
QUANTITYOF
SHIPPING
REGISTRY
YEARS
DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST
DECADE IN THE WORLD FOR TRANSPORTATION VESSEL
PASSANGER SHIP PASSANGER/CARGO
PASSANGER/FERRY ACCOMODATION SHIP
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4.3Liquid Cargo Ship
Fig 4. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for
Liquid Cargo Ship
The trend going for the ship registered on the type of liquid cargo ship
showed improvement. Increased use of liquid cargo ship indicate that the
increasing world consumption of oil and gas. Oil usage is still the main energy
source which is still needed. Although oil expected to reach its limit, but the oil
industry continue to increase until next 2025. As with the development of offshore
construction and drillship is increasingly leading to a deep water causing
Chemical/Oil tankers and tankers also experienced a significant increase, the
future will demand more and more for the oil tankers and chemical tankers. Each
year the design and capacity of tankers and chemical/oil tankers will increase.
With the new design and larger capacity so chemical/oil tankers and tankers must
use double hull system that functions for the prevent leakage of the tanker.
The use of oil as a primary energy source on earth must be considered. Oil
has led to deep water and the longer the oil contained in the earth's are running
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
QUANTITY
OFSHIPPING
REGISTRY
YEARS
DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST
DECADE IN THE WORLD FOR LIQUID CARGO SHIP
CHEMICAL/OIL TANKER LNG LPG TANKER
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low, and therefore began to consider other alternative energies. LPG and LNG
began to be taken seriously. factors that lead to an increase in LNG and LPG are
both on the supply side and demand is the continued increase in world gas
consumption. The IEA estimates that gas would be one source of global energy is
necessary in 2025, an increase in energy consumption of this gas stands at 28% of
global energy use in 2025.
High import demand also influence the gas industry, which forced the state
to increase the amount of quantity of gas production. This advantage is forcing the
gas-producing countries to take greater opportunities for exploiting gas, so the
development of gas industry also increased.
4.4 Dry Cargo Ship
Fig 5. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for Dry
Cargo Ship
Based on the above data, for the last 10 years is looking dry cargo ship
continued the positive trend. An increasing number of dry cargo to prove that there
was an increase on the economy of some countries especially from some developing
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
QUANTITYSHIPPING
REGISTRY
YEARS
DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST
DECADE IN THE WORLD FOR DRY CARGO SHIP
BULKER CONTAINER
GENERAL CARGO SHIP RO-RO
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countries. Industrial exports and imports is still a major factor in the improvement
of the economy in a country.
Container is one more proof of that the dry cargo showed an increasing
trend from year 2000 - 2008, although in the year 2009 decreased. Decrease the
amount of container in the year 2009 could be caused by several things, including
the economic crisis that occurred in several countries. Despite the decline, the trend
for dry cargo will further increase for the future.
Economy in the Asian countries show the positive impact, the three lion
growing strongly. Economic growth in countries asian gives the positive trend to dry
cargo ship. if this condition have continued the possibility of future the three lioncan play an important role in the import and export industry in the world.
The increase economic competition also gives an influence on the trend of
dry cargo ship. number of dry cargo ship is designed also getting bigger from year to
year. For the container ship that significant design changes from the early 1980s
until now. Early 1990's with a small TEU capacity of Converted cargo capacity of 500
TEU vessel that has a simple design, has now changed into New Panamax design that
can carry weight with a capacity of 11,000 to 14,500 TEU with a complex design.
New Building And Design Demand
From this data e.ship.net we can predict the trend will happen for the next 10 years
offshore support vessel
The development of offshore support vessels in the future will be dominated
by the drillship. Where the number of drill ship will still grow until 2025.
Added drill ship caused by the oil resources that the longer the leading deep
water
Transportation vessel
Development of the marine transport industry is not so good as with the
development of container industry. But for the next 10 years. Transportation
vessel still needed. Passanger / ferrry will continue to grow well for 10 years
in the future. Growth passanger / ferry should be done with a new design
with attention to aspects of design and speed of the ship, and security for
passengers.
Liquid Cargo ship
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Oil is still placed as the main energy source in the world. development of the
oil tankers will still take up to 10 years. Oil resources are increasingly
leading to deep water will require liquid cargo to transport oil from the field.
Tanker in the future should pay attention to design its cargo, any future
double-hull tankers must have to prevent the tanker from leaking, thereby
reducing environmental damage. Tanker capacity will also grow, due to
increasing oil resources in the deep sea, tangker owners will try to raise the
capacity of the vessel to reduce operational costs and increase profits. For 10
years oil will still survive, but the main energy source on earth is the longer
it will decrease. its other energy alternatives are needed. Gas is an energyalternative sources of oil as an energy balance on Earth. In the future
freighter LPG and LNG gas will be more numerous and capacity vessels will
be even greater. but the LNG ship will increasingly dominate the future of
the LPG. In 2005 the trend of LPG has been decreasing, while the LNG
continues to rise. predictable future for the LNG ship visits will be more and
more with greater power capacity.
Dry Cargo Ship
Ten years would dominate the dry cargo ship of all the trends for existing
ships. Container ship is one good trend have served until the next 10 years,
economic growth in Asia make a container ship is needed. The new design
and larger capacity container will be more greater for 10 years in the future.
This trend is still valid if the lack of a global crisis that can caused breaking
world economy. if the global economic crisis, the trend of container ships
will actually experience a bad trend.
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TRENDS IN THE CONTAINER SHIPPING
Risandi Dwirama Putra
University Technology Malaysia
Introduction
In the process of globalization, the delivery of goods using container ships
make an important contribution to international trade. Delivery of goods using the
container has been providing shippers with access to safe, easy and relatively cheap
for the international market in any part of the world through the networks
connecting the trade in each country, with a container ship service also contributed
to the income of each country.
Container trade growth is also accompanied by the globalization of markets,
so competition between the container shipping services has forced the owners to
increase productivity and more cost efficient. This makes the growth of the
container ship industry makes a vessel owner to provide a better service. Larger
vessels, and has a big quantity is used as the main services in the container ship
industry.
Historical development
Shipping containers become a very important factor for the world economy.
The container has been tremendous growth in the last few decades. A history of
shipping containers can be divided into the following periods (Nedyalkov, 2011)
Introduction (1958-1970) - is the first commercial container service began
in the late 1950s until the design of the first cellular containerships in the
1960s, container is still not considered and acknowledged in the global
shipping.
Adoption (1970-1990) - became recognized as a product container transport
and accelerated investment in intermodal facilities.
Growth (1990-2008) - specifies the patterns of Containerization began to
seriously impact global trade and production strategies, particularly with the
entry of China into the global economy;
2008 is defined as the year of maturity of container traffic. This will be
linked with the maturation of the global economy. This can be attributed to a
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number of factors and various types of technical, economical and limits of
the world recession began in 2008 with the impact on container traffic [1].
Fig 1. Historical development of container ship (Nedyalkov,2011)
From Fig. 1 between the years 1980 to 2004 container traffic has grown
more than 80 million TEUs. Beginning in 1980, only around 18 million TEU capacity
of container ships, up to 2004 grew by 105 million container TEUs, an increase is
more than 100% from early 1980, it is also associated with an average annual
growth of 9% growth coumpond . It is estimated that container traffic will further
increase between the years 2004 to 2020 with an average 7.6 percent each year.
And is expected in 2020 of container traffic reached 371 million TEU.
From Figure 1, the historical development of container ships trend shows a
steady increase. And is predicted if the trend is still ongoing, container traffic will
increase until 2020. This increase requires a change in terms of design and
container transport capacity.
During the 1990s and in the early 2000s, world container trade growth
accelerated to an average growth rate of 9.1 percent per year. This can be attributed
to several reasons:
international trade liberalization and globalization that has accompanied it,
has accelerated the growth of international trade. At the same time, changes
in the composition of international trade to shift from basic commodities
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towards processed primary products and manufactured goods, also create
profitable growth in container volumes.
Containerization, the development of terms of trade, with advances in
technology the delivery process is not only focused on primary industries,
agriculture and steel industry and other mining industry. The development
of container volume and growing amount of containers, caused evolving
information and other technologies that expand into global trade and also
provides stimulation to the volume of container ships.
Asia has become a rival in the world container market. With the rapid
economic growth in recent years, three tiger has become the new container
markets. For example China has emerged as a new major container market
which greatly contributes to its special container development trend in Asia.
In the early 1990s, containerization was growing up in China. Great progress
has been made, and China has grown greatly over the past decade provide
competition in the world economy
The global economic crisis is affecting the trend of container ship traffic.
Because of the global economic crisis negatively impact the world economy which
led to adverse impacts on container traffic. in the year 2008 / 2009 world economic
crisis has an impact on the delivery and requirements container as a result its
impact on global economic growth. If the global economic crisis, a trend that occurs
may be different from a given scenario.
spect Design which have changed most since 1980s
Aspect design have changed most since 1980s in container ship is ship size
keep growing and capacity of container ship is bigger. This development causes
changes in shape and size of container ships as well as design aspects of the ship
itself. The charge is the greater need greater power, and draft the necessary are also
getting bigger, the development of container can be seen from figure 2,
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Latest Design Global Container and Construction of the Container in the
last 5 years
The growth of container traffic led to the growth capacity of container ships.
The ship owners prefer to use a larger container ships to reduce costs for
transporting cargo. There is a picture of the early development of the container.
Fig 2. Latest design global container
Early development of container or container that is in the first period (1956
- 1970) with the "Converted cargo vessel" which has a length of 135 m and the size
of the container only has a capacity of 500 TEUs. In the year (1970 - 1980) comes
the second generation of container in the presence of "cellular container ship" with a
capacity of 1000 - 2500 TEUs. In the third generation (1988-2000) to the
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development of container ship cargo capacity and type. This type of third generation
container vessels are Panamax class. This ship can carry cargo capacity of 3000-
4000 TEU, which can reach 290 meters in length and has a draft of 11-12 meters.
The continued development of the time, the greater the capacity of container ships.
The fourth generation of post-Panamax container ship is, by reaching 305 meters
long and capable of carrying capacity of 5000 TEUs. Post Panamax experiencing
significant growth. Beginning in the 2000s. Post Panamax developed more into post-
Panamax Plus, which has a length of 335 meter long ship and has a capacity of 8000
TEUs reached. And continued development of the container ship served until the
present. In the sixth generation container appears is "New Panamax" which was 397m long and with a capacity of 11,000 to 14,500 TEUs. contructionPanamax-class -
the largest is the Emma Maersk of Denmark with a capacity of 12500-13000 TEU.
Emma marsk whic has length 352,18 meter, draught 15 meter, breadth 42,8 meter
and 63,5 air draft.
Fig 3 Germanisher Lylod
Asia Container Trend
The development of container shows a positive direction in ASIA countries.
Its successful economic development in Asian countries make important changes in
the network container ship in asia. Over the last decade, a wave of economic
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development in Asia has brought a progressive structural change in the container
shipping network in the inter-continental trade into and from Asia and intra-Asian
trade.
In the early 1970s, the Asian shipping network largely concentrated in Japan,
Hong Kong, China, and Singapore. concentration of its container shipping network,
causing areas in the region of Asia another less experienced decent growth rate.
Lane shipping containers from Europe / Far East traffic that passes through the
trans-Pacific and stopped in Japan region. On the other side of the American delivery
service was also suspended in Hong Kong and Singapore region. Therefore, the
beginning of the container industry in advance of the subcontinent Asian countriesare still lagging behind.
The growth of China's economy, adding to an increasing number of
container lines. Where to asia region, China has started to provide service delivery
to these locations to other Asian countries, originally in conjunction with the service
to Japan and then with additional specialized services to various countries including
Taiwan republic and other countries. Lately, Kaohsiung and Busan area developed
as a regional hub. Significant volume of regional cargo sea routes began to emerge in
the short path that connects the new centers to the main hub to Japan .
With the rapid economic development in Southeast Asia during the 1980s,
increasingly complex feeder services were introduced to connect to port a regional
hub port keys from Hong Kong, Singapore and Kaohsiung. Shipping companies
began experimenting with the addition of line routes in Southeast Asia, including the
port of Port Klang and Bangkok. Local routes also developed linking Japan and
Singapore, then to the another ports of Southeast Asia.
In the 1990s, with the rapid growth of China's container trade, Chinese ports
incorporated into new feeder shipping network, adding further complexity to the
delivery systems of Asia. Intense network developed between the ports of the Pearl
River delta ports and Hong Kong. Busan and Japanese ports increased feeder link
with Shanghai and the central and northern regions of China. Cargo originating from
China that led to the Japanese now have been combined with other cargo shipping
services between ports A number of Southeast Asian and Chinese ports are also
developed.
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With further growth in Southeast Asia, a new strategy to serve the area in
the East Coast of the United States was introduced, with a cargo ship from asia and
asian southeast region continue a new route to America via the Suez Canal. This
route has proven to be attractive to cargo from Taiwan Province of China and Hong
Kong, China and from other Southeast Asia.
With the rapid growth of container, increased port handling facilities in
mainland China and Hong congestion at ports has been developed, the construction
of new ports create greater traffic in the waters of Asia for the better future
container ship
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New Generation Container Terminals And Container Vessels . Technical
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