design movements arts & crafts art nouveau art deco bauhaus modernism de stijl memphis post...
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Design Movements
• Arts & Crafts• Art Nouveau• Art Deco• Bauhaus• Modernism• De Stijl• Memphis• Post Modernism
Arts & Crafts 1850 - 1900
• Simplicity – hand made• Inspiration from nature – plants, birds and
animals.• Natural forms and materials• Colour and texture• William Morris
– “Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful”
• Some Victorian designers, led by William Morris, rejected the ideas of the industrial revolution.
• They believed that automation and mass production separated designers from their products, and that the crafts and workmanship of the past were dying out.
• These designers preferred to design and make products that were original and hand-crafted.
• The Arts and Crafts Movement produced designs based on forms in nature, such as animals and plants.
• Making the designs required highly skilled workers, so most of the products were too expensive for the average person to buy.
Art Nouveau 1890 - 1905
• Curvy ‘whiplash’ lines and stylised flowers• Elongated lines, leaves, roots, buds & seedpods.• Exotic insects and peacock feathers• Inspiration from Nature and the female form• Charles Rennie Mackintosh
– Glasgow based designer & architect– Contrasting monochrome colours & the use of
geometric shapes in his work
• Mackintosh trained as an architect and interior designer in Glasgow, Scotland.
• He didn’t like the fussy and over-decorated Victorian style that dominated the early Arts and Craft Movement.
• Mackintosh preferred to incorporate geometric shapes into his design.
• Much of his work is based around contrasting monochrome colours and the creative use of empty space.
• He developed what is known as the ‘Glasgow Style’.
Art Deco 1925 - 1939
• Geometric forms• Symmetry and repetition• Zig-zagged geometric fan motifs and sunbursts• Inspiration from ancient Egypt and Aztec
Mexican Art• Discovery of Tutankhamum’s tomb • Machine age; explicit use of man made materials• Key designer: Claris Cliff (ceramicist)
• Philosophy….– Popular Modernism.– Opulent architectural and decorative arts style which
was a direct reaction to the post war austerity.– It was regarded as a ‘glamorous’ period.
• Style….– Zig-Zagged, geometric fan motifs.– Symmetry & repetition.– Inspiration from ancient Egypt.
• So what is Art Deco?..• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THjB9r2McHA&feature=related
http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/london_photos/wallis_house.htm
Bauhaus 1919 - 1933
• Form follows function• Products for a machine age• Every day objects for every day people• Modern materials• Simple, geometrically pure forms and clean lines• Omitting decorative frills• Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer and Mies van
der Rohe
• The Bauhaus was a German art and architecture school which existed from 1919 to 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius, a German architect.
• The Bauhaus wanted to design and manufacture products, architecture and print that was functional, cheap and compatible with mass production techniques.
• They believed strongly in honesty of materials and that a product’s function should be reflected in its aesthetic qualities.
• New materials and manufacturing processes provided a catalyst for much of their work.
Examples• Which Design Movement?
– Art Nouveau
• Key elements?– Curvy ‘whiplash’ lines and
stylised flowers– Elongated lines, leaves, roots,
buds & seedpods.– Exotic insects and peacock
feathers– Inspiration from Nature and
the female form
Modernism….• Was influences by industrial designs and made use of
geometric shapes. Movements that are influenced by technological developments in industry are:– Bauhaus– Art Deco– De Stijl
• They rejected decorative forms and embraced a look that they felt was universally acceptable. It was a period of design, literature, music & architecture that spans from 1920’s to 1960’s . Key figures include Le Corbusier – a French designer & architecture.
• Machines for living….
De Stijl 1917 - 1931
• Black outlines• Inspiration using extreme geometric designs,
rectangles and primary colours• Ultimate simplicity and abstraction• Disconnected lines• Inspired completely new designs in furniture
& architecture• Artist: Mondrian & Designer: Rietveld
1970’s to the present day….
• By the 1980’s the designer name or brand was important to consumers:– Designer labels spread from fashion to other areas
of product design– Promotion and packaging became a key part of
the complete product.
Memphis….
• The Memphis group was an alternative viewpoint to minimalism:– It was started by a group of Italian designers, led
by Ettore Sottsass.– They produced highly decorative laminates and
humorous products.– Their post modernism influence can be seen in
many of today's products.
Memphis….
Post modernism…• The history:
– It is largely influenced by the western European disillusionment caused from WW2.
– It is anything BUT the ordinary in that it presents extreme complexity, contradictory, and diversity.
– Diverse ideas, designs and innovations that are intended to provoke a reaction.
• Memphis is part of this design period also.
Post Modernism….
– It is also referred to as Modern Design & includes Alberto Alessi, George Sowden (Memphis Designer) & Mendini, the founder of the Italian Style, as key figures of this period.
– The movement likes combining new materials & interesting combinations are key.
Post Modernism….
Examples• Which Design Movement?• Bauhaus • Key elements?• Form follows function• Products for a machine
age• Every day objects for
every day people• Modern materials• Simple, geometrically pure
forms and clean lines
Examples• Which Design Movement?• Arts & Crafts• Key elements?• Simplicity – hand made• Inspiration from nature – plants,
birds and animals.• Natural forms and materials• Colour and texture• William Morris
Examples• Which Design Movement?• Art Deco• Key elements?• Geometric forms• Symmetry and repetition• Zig-zagged geometric fan
motifs and sunbursts• Inspiration from ancient Egypt
and Aztec Mexican Art
Examples• Which Design Movement?• Modernism• Key elements?• Was influences by industrial
designs and made use of geometric shapes.
• Rejected decorative forms.
ExamplesWhich Design Movement?• Post Modernism Key elements?• Modern design• Creating a statement• Designers: Alessi & MendiniWhat is the product?• Juicy Salif• By Alessi• It’s a juicer• Function follows form!
Examples• Which Design Movement?• De Stijl • Key elements?• Inspiration from basic
rectangles and primary colours• Black outlines• Geometric designs to the
extreme• Ultimate simplicity and
abstraction• Disconnected lines• Artist Mondrian