Design and Prototype of intelligent Guard against Disasters

(iGaDs)

Advisor: Jane W.S. Liu

Student: Wei-Pei Liao

Motivation

Advances in disaster detection/prediction technologies

Faster and more precise disaster information

台灣地震速報系統 Earthquake Early Warning (EWW) in Japan

Motivation

Maturity of Information Communication Technologies

Make information handy for everyone

Motivation

According to Red Cross, major natural disasters killed more than 300 thousands people and caused estimated 123 billions US dollars damage in 2010. (Highest yearly death tolls of the decade!!!)

intelligent Guard against Disasters (iGaDs)iGaDs are systems/devices/applications that can•Receive standard-conforming alerting messages•Process and take corresponding actions

Provide more time to prepare for disasters

My work on iGaDs includes:

1.Use scenarios for iGaDs

2.Architecture of iGaDs

3.Prototypes of iGaDs (Embedded Linux and Smartphone)

Contributions

• [1] European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) technical specification, Emergency Communications (EMTEL); European Public Warning System (EU-Alert) using the Cell Broadcast Service

• [2] Fire and Disaster Management Agency, http://www.fdma.go.jp/en/, and briefing of J-Alert (Japanese)

• [3] CAP: Common Alerting Protocol, V1.2, http://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2-os.html

• [4] CAP-EAS Implementation Guideline, CAP-EAS Industry Group, May 2010• [5] Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS),

http://www.fcc.gov/guides/commercial-mobile-alert-system-cmas • [6] National Weather Radio Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) System Specification,

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/directives/sym/pd01017012curr.pdf• [7] X-10 Communications Protocol and Power Line, http://www.x10pro.com/pro/pdf/technote.pdf • [8] Universal Powerline Bus (UPB) Version 1.1,

http://www.smarthomeusa.com/Common/UPB/UPBdescription.pdf• [9] XML DOM, http://www.w3schools.com/dom/default.asp • [10] E. C. Chee, E. Mohd-Yasin, A. K. Mustaph, “RBStrex: Hardware XML parser for embedded

systems,” International Conference for Internet Technology and Secure Transaction, 2009. • [11] B. Peuschel, W. Schäfer, "Concepts and implementation of a rule-based process engine",

Proceeding of ICSE '92 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering, pages 262 - 279

• [12] C. Choi, et al., “MiRE: a minimal rule engine for context-aware mobile devices,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Digital Information Management, November 2008

• [13] Japan disaster Mitigation and prevention information XML format (JMX) is in operation!, April 2011

Related Works

• Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)– North America (USA, Canada)– IPAWS, Open standard, XML format

• Japan disaster Mitigation and prevention information XML format (JMX)– Japan– J-Alert( 全国瞬時警報システム )

• Standard of EU-Alert– Europe– European Public Warning System

Standard-based Alerting Message

• Part of IPAWS• National TV/radio warning system in USA• Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME)

Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)• Similar to Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS)

Emergency Alert System

CAPmessag

es

Smart Home and Smart Building

X-10, Universal Powerline Bus (UPB)

XML Parsers

Document Object Model (DOM) Simple API for XML (SAX)

CAP specific: CAP Library (Java), RCAP (Ruby) General purpose: libxml2 (C/C++), XML::Parser (Perl), NSXML(Obj-C),SAXParser (Android Java SDK), LINQ to XML (C#)SimpleXML(PHP), XML.ObjTree (JavaScript)

Rule Engines

Rules

Rule Engine

if (A) {then do something

}if (B) {

then do something}if (C) {

then do something}…… // More if statements

• Match fact and rules

• Change program behavior without recompiling code

• Change program behavior by editing rules

• Used in many commercial business system

• Open source rule engines: Drools (Java), JESS (Java), CLIPS, PHP Business Rules (PHP), JSRulez (JavaScript), Logician, MiRE (Embedded system)

Main_Program {...

}

Common Alerting Protocol v1.2

An open standard alerting message format designed for :•Both human readable and machine readable (XML format)•Automatically generated by sensors and send to information systems•Exchange between emergency information systems•Backward compatible to SAME(Specific Area Message Encoding)•Broadcast to general public through all possible communication path

CAP is the standard in North America now (USA and Canada)

CAP Message Delivery in USA

Alert xmlns: …Sender: Central Weather BureauStatus: ActualMsgType: AlertScope: PublicInfo Category: Geo Event: Earthquake Urgency: Immediate Severity: Strong Certainty: ObservedDescription: A strong earthquake

measuring 7.2 occurred in …Parameters: Magnitude, depth, …Areas: Polygons specifying affected

areasResources: … …

A Future Scenario

?xmlns version = “1.0” <alert xmlns = ……<event>Earthquake</event><urgency>Immediate</urgency><severity>Strong</severity><certainty>Observed</certainty>…<parameter>

<valueName>Magnitude </valueName>

<value>7.2</value></parameter>…<area> <circle>32.9525 -115.5585 0</circle></area>…

?xmlns version = “1.0” alert xmlns = ……<event>Earthquake</event><urgency>Immediate</urgency><severity>Strong</severity><certainty>Observed</certainty>

Alert extraction

Action activation rule evaluation

Device interface

Elevator controller

Alert extraction

Action activation rule evaluation

Device interfacesi GaDs

An earthquake of magnitude 7.2 hits.Your area is safe now. Stay calm and …

Elevator in normal building:(Event == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 6)

Elevator in Taipei 101:(Event == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 7)

• CAP Message Processor– Receives and authenticates

CAP messages– Extracts needed information

from CAP messages

• Device Controller– Matches rules with extracted

information and local sensor data by rule engine

– Filters out messages not in affected areas

– Controls devices according to matched rules

General Architecture of iGaDs

CAP Message Processor

Alert type &information Alert

records

Affectedareas

Alert message

bufferModem Signature

validationXML

parser

Location filter

Device Controller

Device interfaces

Configuration files

Device location

Resources

Local data

Rule processor

Rule engine

Activation parameters

and rules

• CAP message publisher

• Embedded Linux

• Smartphone App

Prototypes of iGaDs

CAP Message Processor

Alert type &information Alert

records

Affectedareas

Alert message

bufferModem Signature

validationXML

parser

Location filter

Device Controller

Device interfaces

Configuration files

Device location

Resources

Local data

Rule processor

Rule engine

Activation parameters

and rules

iGad

CAP Message Publisher

CAP_PUBLISHER1.capMsg ← Read a CAP file2.capMsg ← Remove ‘\n’ in capMsg3.Connect to PubNub cloud4.Call publish() to push capMsg END

• Perl: Good for text processing

• PubNub cloud service

CAPPublisher

iGaDs (Embedded Linux)

FirendlyARM Mini6410

• PHP

• SimpleXML, PHP Business Rules

iGaDs (Embedded Linux)

IGADS_LINUX1.Connect to PubNub cloud and wait for message2.capMsg ← Receive a CAP message from PubNub3.Fork a process to run IGADS_LINUX4.capDOM ← Call SimpleXML, convert capMsg to a DOM object5.capDOM ← Extract Event, Parameters from capDOM6.capDOM ← Load and add sensor data (local data)7.Call FUNCTION RULE_ENGINE(capDOM)8.Go back to 1.END

FUNCTION RULE_ENGINE( capDOM )1.RE ← Create PHP Business Rule Engine Object2.RE reads and parses rules from file3.Insert capDOM to RE4.Call RE->fireAll() to start rule matchingEND

iGaDs (Smartphone App)

• jQuery Mobile and JavaScript (PhoneGap)

• XML.ObjTree, JSRulez

iGaDs (Smartphone App)

IGADS_SMARTPHONE1.Connect to PubNub cloud and wait for message2.capMsg ← Receive a CAP message from PubNub3.capJS ← Call XML.ObjTree convert capMsg to a JavaScript object4.capJS ← Extract Event, Parameter from capJS5.Call RULE_ENGINE(capDOM)6.Go back to 1.END

FUNCTION RULE_ENGINE( capJS )1.RE ← Create JSRulez Rule Engine Object2.RE reads and parses rules from file3.Insert capJS to RE4.Call RE->runAll() to start rule matchingEND

Rule Format

priority: 1,condition: function(cap){

return cap.event === “Earthquake” &&cap.valueName === “Magnitude” &&cap.value >=6

}action: function() {

window.alert(“Huge earthquake coming!”);}

rule “Earthquake” priority=1context Parameter $paramif $param->event == ‘Earthquake’ &&

$param->valueName == ‘Magnitude’ &&$param->value >= 6

then$action[‘LED_Earthquake’]->do_action();

end

PHPBusines

s Rule

JSRulez

Demo Video

• iGaDs are systems/devices/applications receives standard-based alert messages and respond by corresponding actions for better preparation to disasters

• iGaDs have flexible architecture and fit different situations and environments

• Two proof-of-concept prototypes are implemented

Summary

Thank You