dependency of urban traffic on black carbon mass ... · la paz and el alto. carbon monoxide...
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Dependency of Urban Traffic on Black Carbon Mass Concentrations: Examples from
Leipzig, La Paz and Manila
Alfred Wiedensohler, and Co-workers
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
World Calibration Center for Aerosol Physics
Sino-German Center
Workshop on Soot in the Atmosphere
June 27-30, 2016
Black Carbon Emissions from Traffic
Foto: Mario Anhalt
In urban areas, traffic is still a major contributor for the emission of black carbon.
Especially in Asia and Latin America, “old-technology” vehicles can contribute significantly to such emissions.
To illustrate actual problems, example for La Paz (Bolivia) and Manila (Philippines) are shown.
A third study (Leipzig, Germany) illustrates how mitigation measure can improve the air quality in terms of black carbon.
Day of Census in Bolivia
During an intensive field study, we had the opportunity to study the effect of no cars in the city.
During the day of census in Bolivia, on Nov. 21, 2012, all people had to stay home.
Generally, there is no private domestic heating in La Paz and El Alto.
Carbon Monoxide Concentrations
day of census
Concentr
ation c
arb
on m
onoxid
e p
pm
v
Day of the month
Black Carbon Mass Concentration
day of census
Mass c
oncentr
ation e
qB
C µ
g/m
3
Day of the month
Particle Number Size Distribution
background
traffic
Day of the month
Number concentration dN/logDP cm-3 P
art
icle
dia
mete
r nm
Manila Aerosol Characterization Experiment 2015
From March to June 2015, intensive measurements in Metro Manila were performed
One background station, Manila Observatory
Two Street sites: Katipunan & Taft Ave.
Focus was given to Black Carbon and the particle number size distribution
Black Carbon- Manila (Philippinen)
Black Carbon - Manila (Philippinen)
Low Emission Zone Leipzig - LEZ
Foto: Mario Anhalt
As a mitigation strategy to reduce PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, a LEZ was established in Leipzig 2011.
Only Diesel vehicles with EURO4 (or equivalent) were allowed to enter the LEZ.
Exceptions, mainly for small and mid-sized enterprises for their light duty vehicles were given until end 2014
In cooperation with the State office for Environment, Agriculture & Geology, we studied the change in black carbon and ultrafine particle number concentration.
LEZ Leipzig
Foto: Mario Anhalt
LEZ Sampling Sites
Foto: Mario Anhalt
Melpitz
TROPOS
Leipzig-West Leipzig-Mitte Eisenbahnstr.
Leipzig Background - BC Mass Concentration
Foto: Mario Anhalt 0
1
2
3
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
2010 (01.07.-31.12.) 2011
2012 2013
2014 2015
L-Background
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
Leipzig Mitte - BC Mass Concentration
Foto: Mario Anhalt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
2010 (01.07.-31.12.)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
L-Mitte
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
Difference Leipzig Mitte – Background BC Mass Concentration
Foto: Mario Anhalt 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2010 (01.07.-31.12.)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
Difference L-Mitte/L-Background
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
Difference Leipzig Mitte – Background N30-200 Concentration
Foto: Mario Anhalt 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2010 2011
2012 2013
2014 2015
Difference L-Mitte/L-Background
PN
30
-20
0 in
#/c
m³
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
Trends GUAN (2009-2014) BC Mass & N60-300 Concentrations
Foto: Mario Anhalt
Summary
Foto: Mario Anhalt
In many cities in Asia and Latin America, black carbon dominates the particulate air pollution.
Mitigation strategies have to be implemented.
Social and economic impacts have to be considered.
Changing atmospheric composition (here black carbon) has to be monitored by scientific institutions.
Decreasing health risk has to be proven.