department of electrical & computer engineering university of central florida group 28 karel...
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
Group 28
Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou
Motivations and Goals
• Common interest in power system
• Renewable energy
• To optimize the battery charging efficiency and Maximize the
cost return of an integrated wind and solar power system.
Objectives
• Efficient
• Small scaled
• Self-sustained
• User friendly
Requirements
• Able to charging the batteries with variations
• Consume as little power as possible
• Safe to operate
Specifications
• Solar Panel and Wind Turbine deliver > 12 V
• Total System Power Output > 300 W
• 12 V Battery with > 10 Ah
• Approximately 90% Efficient
Overall Block Diagram
Switching Algorithm
Energy Source 𝐄𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Solar and Wind Energy(low wind speed)
Solar and Wind Energy(high wind speed)
Wind Generator: Alternatives
ModelTHE
WORKHORSE 250W
Hyacinth P-300W Apollo 550W
Rated Power 250W 300W 450W
Rated Voltage 12 VAC 12 VAC 12 VAC
Starting wind speed
6 m/s 3 m/s 3.5 m/s
Rated wind speed 15 m/s 12.5 m/s 13 m/s
Price $129 $275 $438
Model VRRM IO @T IFSM IR VFM @IFM
V A ℃ A μA V A
SQL5010 1000 50 55 50 10 1.2 12.5
Wind Generator: Three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier Diode 50A 1000V
Photovoltaic Panels Types
SunWize SW-85P Solarland SLP-085
Rated Power (W) 85 85
Rated Voltage (Vmp) 17.4 17.2
Rated Current (Imp) 4.9 4.94
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 22.0 21.6
Short Circuit Current (Isc) 5.4 5.5
Weight (lbs) 18 18.52
Cost $249.85 $260.00
Solar Charger with MPPT
Morningstar SS-MPPT
Solar Boost 2000e
Peak Efficiency 97.5% 95%
Nominal Battery Voltage
12V to 24V 12V to 24V
Maximum Battery Current
15A 20A
Current Consumption 35mA 90mA
Cost $199.00 $227.80
Switching Algorithm
Energy Source 𝐄𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Solar and Wind Energy(low wind speed)
Solar and Wind Energy(high wind speed)
Switching Circuit
Voltage Monitoring
• Voltage Divider
• Output voltage of solar panel and wind turbine
• From 0 – 3.3V
• Low pass filter
Current Monitoring• Modify invasive method
• Current flowing through a small resistance
• Small voltage drop will occur
• Replace the shunt resistor with wire: 1.6698 Ohms
Controller Box• IRPS concept for encapsulation
of making decision main components
• Grouping linked actions to easily explain most IRPS functionality
• Controller box important part of IRPS circuitry but not entire PCB design
• Encompassed microcontroller, voltage, current, temperature sensor, LCD,USB-TTL interface, and UI Software
Microcontroller
• Low Clock Frequency
• Several Analog Inputs
• PWM Output Pins
• Serial UART Pins
• Programming Debugging Feature
• Programming Memory ≥ 16Kb
• High Level Programming Language (Similar to C)
• Convenient Software, Libraries, IDE
• Desirable Good Community Support
Atmel ATmega328 Atmel AT91SAM7X512 MSP430 (CC430) PIC24F
Flash Memory 32 Kb 128 Kb 32 Kb 64 Kb
Clock Speed 16 MHz 48 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Voltage 5V DC 3.6V DC 3.6V DC 3.3V DC
Digital I/O 14 I/O (6 PWM), 6 Analog Input
20 I/O (4 PWM,4 UART,SPI,I2C, 8 ADC
Analog Input)
30 I/O (6 ADC,2 UART,SPI,I2C,PWM)
64 I/O (16 ADC,4
UART,SPI,I2C)
CPU 8 bit 32 bit 16 bit 16 it
Development Arduino Board Netduino Board TI Dev. Board Microchip Board
Prog. Language Arduino (Similar to C) C,C# C C,C++
IDE Arduino IDE (Free) Visual Studio (Free) TI IDE (<16 Kb Free) MPLAB IDE
Price Board - $30, ATMega328 - $2.88
Board - $34.95,AT91SAM - $14.06
Board - $100IDE- $200 if > 16Kb
Board - $70
Microcontroller
Temperature Sensor
TMP36 DS1624
Supply Voltage 2.7 – 5.5 V 2.7 – 5.5 V
Connection One analog input port I2C Bus
Method Voltage drop Digital output buffer
Range -40 °C to +125 °C -55 to +125 °C
Price $2 per unit Free (Sample)
Switching Algorithm
Energy Source 𝐄𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Solar and Wind Energy(low wind speed)
Solar and Wind Energy(high wind speed)
LCD• Serial Enabled 20x4 LCD – 5V
• User definable splash screen
• Embedded PIC 16F88 utilizes onboard UART for greater communication accuracy
• VDD - 5V, GND - ground, RX and TX pins - AT91SAM7X512 UART Com1
• LCD display IRPS important reading (Solar Panel Power, Wind Turbine Voltage, Current Mode of Operation, Both Batteries status, Controller box temperature).
• Any alert or system running exception
Functionality Diagram
• Blue (boxes, arrows) means logical stages and system direction flow
• Light red accent boxes describe physical components (interact with some stages)
• Red (boxes, arrows) denote critical system errors status
• Green (boxes, arrows) define successful checking of some components correct availability
UI Interface Report• User friendly
• Windows Presentation foundation platform (WPF)
• Data transmitted through UART
• Powered by SQL Server Compact database engine
• Live data monitor, system current status, current weather, three analytical reports and system settings.
Charging Efficiency Report
• Percentage of IRPS being at specific mode of charging
• Filtered by date range option
• Query software database to pull real time data
• Clear indicator from best mode to operate at IRPS location
Diversion Charge Controller
• To protect the battery from overcharging and over discharging
• Monitor the battery voltage
• Divert the power to the dump load
• Charging window: 11.9-14.9V Wind generator: Dump mode
Soar panel: Open circuit mode
Diversion Charge Controller
Battery BankAttributes Lead Acid Li Ion NaS Ni-Cd Zn-Br
Depth of Discharge
75% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Cost Low Very High High and auxiliary heating systems needed
High High
Lifespan (Cycles)
1000 3000 2500 3000 2000
Efficiency 72-78% 100% 89% 72-78% 75%
Self-discharge Average Negligible Negligible High Negligible
Maturity of Technology
Mature Immature Mature Mature Immature
7.15 in
6.60 in
3.06 in
Battery Bank• Universal Power Group (UPG)
UB12180 D5745 Sealed AGM-type Lead-Acid Battery
Nominal voltage: 12 volts
Periodically charge and discharge
Should be charged under constant
voltage.
Durable
Testing- Voltage Monitoring
Input (V) Output (V) Ratio
9.8 1.50 6.533
10.2 1.50 6.8
10.5 1.55 6.77
10.7 1.61 6.65
11.3 1.68 6.73
12.7 1.87 6.79
13.0 1.91 6.8
• Wind Turbine
Testing- Integrated Charge Mode
• Integrated Solar
11:31 11:45 12:00 12:14 12:28 12:43 12:57 13:12 13:26 13:40 13:5511.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
wind batterysolar battery
Testing- Charge
12:28 PM 12:57 PM 1:26 PM 1:55 PM 2:24 PM 2:52 PM 3:21 PM0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Final Charging Stage of Batteries
11:31 11:45 12:00 12:14 12:28 12:43 12:57 13:12 13:26 13:40 13:550.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
Second Charging State of Batteries
Testing- Integrated Charge Mode
• Integrated Wind
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4011.7
11.75
11.8
11.85
11.9
11.95
12
12.05
Wind battery
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4011.8
11.85
11.9
11.95
12
12.05
12.1
Solar battery
Cost-Efficiency Analysis
Parts List Cost per Part Number of Parts Total Cost
Printed Circuit Board (Student Special) $33.00 2 $66.00
DS1624 Temperature Sensor $9.00 1 FREE
Voltage Sensing Circuit $3.49 1 $3.49
LCD Screens $29.95 1 $29.95
Power P-Channel MOSFET FREE 6 FREE
Atmel AT91SAM7X512 $21.51 2 FREE
Relay $5.00 4 $20.00
Bus $5.00 1 $5.00
Metal Box $7.00 1 $7.00
Cables and Wires $20.00 $20.00
Random Components $40.00 $40.00
300 Watt Dump Load for 12 Volt Systems $21.98 2 $43.96
Total: $235.4
Cost-Efficiency Analysis
Parts List Cost per Part Number of Parts Total Cost
SW-S85P Solar Panels $249.85 1 $249.85
Mounting Bracket FREE 1 FREE
Hyacinth P-300W $275 1 $275
Morningstar SS- MPPT $199.00 1 $199.00
Printed Circuit Board (Student Special) $33.00 2 $66.00
DS1624 Temperature Sensor $9.00 1 FREE
Voltage Sensing Circuit $3.49 1 $3.49
LCD Screens $29.95 1 $29.95
UPG UB12180 AGM-type Battery $38.35 2 $76.70
300 Watt Dump Load for 12 Volt Systems $21.98 3 $65.94
Power P-Channel MOSFET FREE 6 FREE
Atmel AT91SAM7X512 $21.51 2 FREE
Netduino $34.95 1 $34.95
Relay $5.00 4 $20.00
Bus $5.00 1 $5.00
Metal Box $7.00 1 $7.00
Cables and Wires $20.00 $20.00
Random Components $40.00 $40.00
Total: $1092.88
Work Distribution
Karel Dave Julio Jing
Switching Circuit X X
Volt Sensor X X
Current Sensor X X X
Diversion Controller X
PCB X X X X
Power Supply X
User Interface X
Programming X
Lessons Learned
• What works in simulation does not mean it works in the real world
• Should always think few steps further
• Backup is always needed
References
• M. Chen, "The Integrated Operation of Renewable Power System,"
IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference, 314-319, 2007.
Questions?