department of electrical & computer engineering university of central florida group 28 karel...

39
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Upload: pearl-holland

Post on 23-Dec-2015

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA

Group 28

Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Page 2: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Motivations and Goals

• Common interest in power system

• Renewable energy

• To optimize the battery charging efficiency and Maximize the

cost return of an integrated wind and solar power system.

Page 3: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Objectives

• Efficient

• Small scaled

• Self-sustained

• User friendly

Page 4: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Requirements

• Able to charging the batteries with variations

• Consume as little power as possible

• Safe to operate

Page 5: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Specifications

• Solar Panel and Wind Turbine deliver > 12 V

• Total System Power Output > 300 W

• 12 V Battery with > 10 Ah

• Approximately 90% Efficient

Page 6: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Overall Block Diagram

Page 7: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Switching Algorithm

Energy Source 𝐄𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Solar and Wind Energy(low wind speed)

Solar and Wind Energy(high wind speed)

Page 8: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Wind Generator: Alternatives

ModelTHE

WORKHORSE 250W

Hyacinth P-300W Apollo 550W

Rated Power 250W 300W 450W

Rated Voltage 12 VAC 12 VAC 12 VAC

Starting wind speed

6 m/s 3 m/s 3.5 m/s

Rated wind speed 15 m/s 12.5 m/s 13 m/s

Price $129 $275 $438

Page 9: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Model VRRM IO @T IFSM IR VFM @IFM

V A ℃ A μA V A

SQL5010 1000 50 55 50 10 1.2 12.5

Wind Generator: Three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier Diode 50A 1000V

Page 10: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Photovoltaic Panels Types

SunWize SW-85P Solarland SLP-085

Rated Power (W) 85 85

Rated Voltage (Vmp) 17.4 17.2

Rated Current (Imp) 4.9 4.94

Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 22.0 21.6

Short Circuit Current (Isc) 5.4 5.5

Weight (lbs) 18 18.52

Cost $249.85 $260.00

Page 11: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Solar Charger with MPPT

Morningstar SS-MPPT

Solar Boost 2000e

Peak Efficiency 97.5% 95%

Nominal Battery Voltage

12V to 24V 12V to 24V

Maximum Battery Current

15A 20A

Current Consumption 35mA 90mA

Cost $199.00 $227.80

Page 12: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Switching Algorithm

Energy Source 𝐄𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Solar and Wind Energy(low wind speed)

Solar and Wind Energy(high wind speed)

Page 13: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Switching Circuit

Page 14: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Voltage Monitoring

• Voltage Divider

• Output voltage of solar panel and wind turbine

• From 0 – 3.3V

• Low pass filter

Page 15: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Current Monitoring• Modify invasive method

• Current flowing through a small resistance

• Small voltage drop will occur

• Replace the shunt resistor with wire: 1.6698 Ohms

Page 16: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Controller Box• IRPS concept for encapsulation

of making decision main components

• Grouping linked actions to easily explain most IRPS functionality

• Controller box important part of IRPS circuitry but not entire PCB design

• Encompassed microcontroller, voltage, current, temperature sensor, LCD,USB-TTL interface, and UI Software

Page 17: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Microcontroller

• Low Clock Frequency

• Several Analog Inputs

• PWM Output Pins

• Serial UART Pins

• Programming Debugging Feature

• Programming Memory ≥ 16Kb

• High Level Programming Language (Similar to C)

• Convenient Software, Libraries, IDE

• Desirable Good Community Support

Page 18: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Atmel ATmega328 Atmel AT91SAM7X512 MSP430 (CC430) PIC24F

Flash Memory 32 Kb 128 Kb 32 Kb 64 Kb

Clock Speed 16 MHz 48 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

Voltage 5V DC 3.6V DC 3.6V DC 3.3V DC

Digital I/O 14 I/O (6 PWM), 6 Analog Input

20 I/O (4 PWM,4 UART,SPI,I2C, 8 ADC

Analog Input)

30 I/O (6 ADC,2 UART,SPI,I2C,PWM)

64 I/O (16 ADC,4

UART,SPI,I2C)

CPU 8 bit 32 bit 16 bit 16 it

Development Arduino Board Netduino Board TI Dev. Board Microchip Board

Prog. Language Arduino (Similar to C) C,C# C C,C++

IDE Arduino IDE (Free) Visual Studio (Free) TI IDE (<16 Kb Free) MPLAB IDE

Price Board - $30, ATMega328 - $2.88

Board - $34.95,AT91SAM - $14.06

Board - $100IDE- $200 if > 16Kb

Board - $70

Microcontroller

Page 19: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Temperature Sensor

TMP36 DS1624

Supply Voltage 2.7 – 5.5 V 2.7 – 5.5 V

Connection One analog input port I2C Bus

Method Voltage drop Digital output buffer

Range -40 °C to +125 °C -55 to +125 °C

Price $2 per unit Free (Sample)

Page 20: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Switching Algorithm

Energy Source 𝐄𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Solar and Wind Energy(low wind speed)

Solar and Wind Energy(high wind speed)

Page 21: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

LCD• Serial Enabled 20x4 LCD – 5V

• User definable splash screen

• Embedded PIC 16F88 utilizes onboard UART for greater communication accuracy

• VDD - 5V, GND - ground, RX and TX pins - AT91SAM7X512 UART Com1

• LCD display IRPS important reading (Solar Panel Power, Wind Turbine Voltage, Current Mode of Operation, Both Batteries status, Controller box temperature).

• Any alert or system running exception

Page 22: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Functionality Diagram

• Blue (boxes, arrows) means logical stages and system direction flow

• Light red accent boxes describe physical components (interact with some stages)

• Red (boxes, arrows) denote critical system errors status

• Green (boxes, arrows) define successful checking of some components correct availability

Page 23: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

UI Interface Report• User friendly

• Windows Presentation foundation platform (WPF)

• Data transmitted through UART

• Powered by SQL Server Compact database engine

• Live data monitor, system current status, current weather, three analytical reports and system settings.

Page 24: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Charging Efficiency Report

• Percentage of IRPS being at specific mode of charging

• Filtered by date range option

• Query software database to pull real time data

• Clear indicator from best mode to operate at IRPS location

Page 25: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Diversion Charge Controller

• To protect the battery from overcharging and over discharging

• Monitor the battery voltage

• Divert the power to the dump load

• Charging window: 11.9-14.9V Wind generator: Dump mode

Soar panel: Open circuit mode

Page 26: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Diversion Charge Controller

Page 27: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Battery BankAttributes Lead Acid Li Ion NaS Ni-Cd Zn-Br

Depth of Discharge

75% 80% 100% 100% 100%

Cost Low Very High High and auxiliary heating systems needed

High High

Lifespan (Cycles)

1000 3000 2500 3000 2000

Efficiency 72-78% 100% 89% 72-78% 75%

Self-discharge Average Negligible Negligible High Negligible

Maturity of Technology

Mature Immature Mature Mature Immature

Page 28: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

7.15 in

6.60 in

3.06 in

Battery Bank• Universal Power Group (UPG)

UB12180 D5745 Sealed AGM-type Lead-Acid Battery

Nominal voltage: 12 volts

Periodically charge and discharge

Should be charged under constant

voltage.

Durable

Page 29: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Testing- Voltage Monitoring

Input (V) Output (V) Ratio

9.8 1.50 6.533

10.2 1.50 6.8

10.5 1.55 6.77

10.7 1.61 6.65

11.3 1.68 6.73

12.7 1.87 6.79

13.0 1.91 6.8

• Wind Turbine

Page 30: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Testing- Integrated Charge Mode

• Integrated Solar

11:31 11:45 12:00 12:14 12:28 12:43 12:57 13:12 13:26 13:40 13:5511.6

11.7

11.8

11.9

12

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

wind batterysolar battery

Page 31: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Testing- Charge

12:28 PM 12:57 PM 1:26 PM 1:55 PM 2:24 PM 2:52 PM 3:21 PM0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Final Charging Stage of Batteries

11:31 11:45 12:00 12:14 12:28 12:43 12:57 13:12 13:26 13:40 13:550.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Second Charging State of Batteries

Page 32: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Testing- Integrated Charge Mode

• Integrated Wind

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4011.7

11.75

11.8

11.85

11.9

11.95

12

12.05

Wind battery

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4011.8

11.85

11.9

11.95

12

12.05

12.1

Solar battery

Page 33: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Cost-Efficiency Analysis

Parts List Cost per Part Number of Parts Total Cost

Printed Circuit Board (Student Special) $33.00 2 $66.00

DS1624 Temperature Sensor $9.00 1 FREE

Voltage Sensing Circuit $3.49 1 $3.49

LCD Screens $29.95 1 $29.95

Power P-Channel MOSFET FREE 6 FREE

Atmel AT91SAM7X512 $21.51 2 FREE

Relay $5.00 4 $20.00

Bus $5.00 1 $5.00

Metal Box $7.00 1 $7.00

Cables and Wires $20.00 $20.00

Random Components $40.00 $40.00

300 Watt Dump Load for 12 Volt Systems $21.98 2 $43.96

    Total: $235.4

Page 34: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Cost-Efficiency Analysis

Page 35: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Parts List Cost per Part Number of Parts Total Cost

SW-S85P Solar Panels $249.85 1 $249.85

Mounting Bracket FREE 1 FREE

Hyacinth P-300W $275 1 $275

Morningstar SS- MPPT $199.00 1 $199.00

Printed Circuit Board (Student Special) $33.00 2 $66.00

DS1624 Temperature Sensor $9.00 1 FREE

Voltage Sensing Circuit $3.49 1 $3.49

LCD Screens $29.95 1 $29.95

UPG UB12180 AGM-type Battery $38.35 2 $76.70

300 Watt Dump Load for 12 Volt Systems $21.98 3 $65.94

Power P-Channel MOSFET FREE 6 FREE

Atmel AT91SAM7X512 $21.51 2 FREE

Netduino $34.95 1 $34.95

Relay $5.00 4 $20.00

Bus $5.00 1 $5.00

Metal Box $7.00 1 $7.00

Cables and Wires $20.00 $20.00

Random Components $40.00 $40.00

    Total: $1092.88

Page 36: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Work Distribution

  Karel Dave Julio Jing

Switching Circuit   X X  

Volt Sensor   X X  

Current Sensor   X X X

Diversion Controller     X  

PCB X X X X

Power Supply       X

User Interface X      

Programming X      

Page 37: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Lessons Learned

• What works in simulation does not mean it works in the real world

• Should always think few steps further

• Backup is always needed

Page 38: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

References

• M. Chen, "The Integrated Operation of Renewable Power System,"

IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference, 314-319, 2007.

Page 39: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA Group 28 Karel Castex, Julio Lara, David Wade, Jing Zou

Questions?