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Deforestation Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

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Page 1: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

DeforestationDeforestation

Deforestation in Rondonia - BrazilDeforestation in Rondonia - Brazil

By Renata Kashiwaya PinheiroBy Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Page 2: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

FactsFacts Deforestation: The conversion Deforestation: The conversion

of forested areas to non-forest of forested areas to non-forest land use, such as urban use or land use, such as urban use or wasteland. wasteland.

The most common reasons for The most common reasons for deforestation are grain fields, deforestation are grain fields, grassland and urbanization.grassland and urbanization.

Tropical rainforests and Tropical rainforests and tropical dry forests are the ones tropical dry forests are the ones which suffer most from which suffer most from deforestation.deforestation.

Deforestation for soy plantation

Amazon Forest

Tropical Dry Forest - Hawaii

Page 3: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

DeforestationDeforestation DeDeforestation occurs due to

the high demand humans have for space (living areas, roads), food (crops and cattle) and houses (timber and furniture) and others such as paper.

The two main types of deforestation are logging and slash and burn

Clear – cutting of a forest in Oregon

Slash and burn clearing of the Amazon forest.

Page 4: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Slash and BurnSlash and Burn

Santa Fé - PanamaSanta Fé - Panama

Page 5: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Slash and BurnSlash and Burn The slash and burn method is a very popular one, The slash and burn method is a very popular one,

especially to create short term yields from thin soil.especially to create short term yields from thin soil. It involves the cutting down of vegetation, which is It involves the cutting down of vegetation, which is

then left to dry out and be burnt some weeks later. then left to dry out and be burnt some weeks later. These plots of land are then used for a few seasons These plots of land are then used for a few seasons before being abandoned as the soil fertility starts to before being abandoned as the soil fertility starts to decline. decline.

This method causes soil erosion, as soil is washed This method causes soil erosion, as soil is washed away by the increased water levels created by lack of away by the increased water levels created by lack of trees.trees.

When followed by sustainable grazing or crop rotation When followed by sustainable grazing or crop rotation its damage to the environment is lessened. its damage to the environment is lessened.

Page 6: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

LoggingLogging Trees are felled down Trees are felled down

usually for timber harvest.usually for timber harvest. Trees can be delimbed, or Trees can be delimbed, or

left with their limbs intact left with their limbs intact for transportation, for transportation, depending on their utility.depending on their utility.

Burning can occur at the site Burning can occur at the site after logging has taken place after logging has taken place to prevent forest fires and to prevent forest fires and release the nutrients. release the nutrients.

Page 7: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Did you know…Did you know…- Britain used to be 85% Britain used to be 85%

covered by forests. (Now covered by forests. (Now only 5% are left!)only 5% are left!)

- Between 1990-2005 the Between 1990-2005 the Amazon lost about 296,015 Amazon lost about 296,015 KmKm² (Around 73,146,899 ² (Around 73,146,899 aacres)!!!cres)!!!

- Deforestation affects the Deforestation affects the water cycle, biodiversity, water cycle, biodiversity, the weather, pollution level, the weather, pollution level, and prevents possible and prevents possible medicinal discoveries.medicinal discoveries.

Page 8: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

BiodiversityBiodiversity One of the main problems with One of the main problems with

deforestation is the loss of deforestation is the loss of biodiversity.biodiversity.

By interfering in their living By interfering in their living environment, we are upsetting the environment, we are upsetting the natural balance between the living natural balance between the living organisms found in the forests.organisms found in the forests.

Toucan

Sloth

Green Iguana

Page 9: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

BiodiversityBiodiversity Biodiversity is essential to our world as it has many Biodiversity is essential to our world as it has many

uses.uses. It provides foods and drinks (most of which originated It provides foods and drinks (most of which originated

from forest biodiversity and many of which still depend from forest biodiversity and many of which still depend on them).on them).

Most of the medicines you take are derived from Most of the medicines you take are derived from biological sources. In addition, there are millions of biological sources. In addition, there are millions of unexplored plant species which can have medicinal unexplored plant species which can have medicinal purposes.purposes.

Biodiversity plays an important part in regulating water Biodiversity plays an important part in regulating water levels and weather temperature, as well as providing levels and weather temperature, as well as providing ecosystems that are capable of recycling nutrients back ecosystems that are capable of recycling nutrients back into the soil.into the soil.

It also provides a BEAUTIFUL SCENERY!!! It also provides a BEAUTIFUL SCENERY!!!

Page 10: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Water CycleWater Cycle

Trees affect the water cycle Trees affect the water cycle in many ways:in many ways:

..by providing a root system ..by providing a root system that increases the infiltration that increases the infiltration of water into the soil.of water into the soil.

..by reducing the soil ..by reducing the soil moisture via transpiration and moisture via transpiration and water usage.water usage.

..tree trunks, steams and litter ..tree trunks, steams and litter aid in slowing down water aid in slowing down water from rainfall, preventing soil from rainfall, preventing soil erosion.erosion.

Without the trees the chances of soil erosion and landslides may change the availability of water for humans, as it is washed away back to the sea and oceans.

Page 11: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Photosynthesis done by the forests helps maintain carbon dioxide Photosynthesis done by the forests helps maintain carbon dioxide levels constant, as plants are the only ones capable of recycling levels constant, as plants are the only ones capable of recycling COCO22 into Ointo O22..

COCO22 (g) + 12H (g) + 12H22O (l) + Light → CO (l) + Light → C66HH1212OO66(aq) + 6O(aq) + 6O22(g) + 6H(g) + 6H22O(l)O(l) Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and use it to produce Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and use it to produce

glucose, while releasing oxygen as a waste product into the air.glucose, while releasing oxygen as a waste product into the air. Growing plants are the ones which produce the highest oxygen Growing plants are the ones which produce the highest oxygen

levels, as fully grown plants produce nearly the same amount of levels, as fully grown plants produce nearly the same amount of COCO22 and O and O22. Which is why it is essential to have growing trees in . Which is why it is essential to have growing trees in

forests.forests.

Page 12: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Global WarmingGlobal Warming With less and less trees With less and less trees

available to do available to do photosynthesis, more carbon photosynthesis, more carbon dioxide is left un-recycled in dioxide is left un-recycled in the atmosphere. the atmosphere.

The gas accumulation is The gas accumulation is believed to trap the sun’s heat believed to trap the sun’s heat inside the earth’s atmosphere, inside the earth’s atmosphere, producing global warming.producing global warming.

Higher temperatures cause an Higher temperatures cause an increase in draughts or heavy increase in draughts or heavy showers during the summer showers during the summer in some countries, crops in some countries, crops failures, polar ice caps to failures, polar ice caps to melt and a disruption in melt and a disruption in ecosystems – such as dryer ecosystems – such as dryer rainforests. rainforests.

Page 13: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

The Greenhouse effectThe Greenhouse effect In addition, the burning involved in deforestation only In addition, the burning involved in deforestation only

increases COincreases CO22 levels, combining with the other existing levels, combining with the other existing

gases - nitrous oxide, methane, and other nitrogen gases - nitrous oxide, methane, and other nitrogen oxides - causing the greenhouse effect.oxides - causing the greenhouse effect.

Page 14: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Did you know…?Did you know…? Atropine found in Belladonna Atropine found in Belladonna

plants are used as part of a plants are used as part of a medicine to dilate pupils.medicine to dilate pupils.

Quinine from the Quinine tree is Quinine from the Quinine tree is used as a malaria preventive.used as a malaria preventive.

Deforestation can have large Deforestation can have large scale consequences. Ex: cutting scale consequences. Ex: cutting down trees in the Amazon can down trees in the Amazon can cause major traffic jams in São cause major traffic jams in São Paulo! (by helping to increase the Paulo! (by helping to increase the frequency and intensity of frequency and intensity of thunderstorms).thunderstorms).

Page 15: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

The AmazonThe Amazon The Amazon The Amazon

forest covers 5.5 forest covers 5.5 million million kilometres and kilometres and occupies nine occupies nine nations of South nations of South America.America.

Page 16: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Amazon SizeAmazon SizeThe Amazon Forest is ± ¾ of the area occupied by the United States!! And 60% of it is located in Brazil, and is sometimes referred to as ‘the lungs of the earth’.

Page 17: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Animals found in the AmazonAnimals found in the Amazon

Page 18: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Why does deforestation persist?Why does deforestation persist?

Even though the Amazon is known to contain the Even though the Amazon is known to contain the worlds largest biodiversity – which include exotic worlds largest biodiversity – which include exotic animals and plants – deforestation continues with no animals and plants – deforestation continues with no regards to the consequences, why?regards to the consequences, why?

It is very hard to monitor and pursue farmers or It is very hard to monitor and pursue farmers or people who engage in deforestation, due to its large people who engage in deforestation, due to its large size.size.

Brazilian legislation states that clearing land for crops Brazilian legislation states that clearing land for crops is considered an ‘effective land use’.is considered an ‘effective land use’.

Much of the county’s economy depends on the crops Much of the county’s economy depends on the crops and cattle cultivated on the Amazon lands cleared .and cattle cultivated on the Amazon lands cleared .

Page 19: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro
Page 20: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Causes of Amazon DeforestationCauses of Amazon Deforestation

Page 21: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

Some SolutionsSome Solutions

Areas of land which contain forests could be sold to Areas of land which contain forests could be sold to private areas for preservation.private areas for preservation.

Trees used for building could be replaced by bricks Trees used for building could be replaced by bricks and concrete or stucco buildings. and concrete or stucco buildings.

Better development of forest management, and Better development of forest management, and reforestation could be used to maintain forest areas.reforestation could be used to maintain forest areas.

Rehabilitation of formerly used plots of land – build a Rehabilitation of formerly used plots of land – build a rotation mechanism for crops and cattle.rotation mechanism for crops and cattle.

Develop a better law enforcement around remaining Develop a better law enforcement around remaining forests to prevent illegal deforestation.forests to prevent illegal deforestation.

Page 22: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

EndEnd

Page 23: Deforestation Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil Deforestation in Rondonia - Brazil By Renata Kashiwaya Pinheiro

BibliographyBibliography Books:Books:- Biology by Campbell and ReeceBiology by Campbell and Reece- Biology by Solomon, Berg and MartinBiology by Solomon, Berg and Martin

Websites:Websites:- www.wikipedia.orgwww.wikipedia.org- http://whyfiles.org/238earthday/index.php?g=3.txthttp://whyfiles.org/238earthday/index.php?g=3.txt - http://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/http://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/- http://www.junglephotos.com/amazon/students/http://www.junglephotos.com/amazon/students/

homework/amazonfacts.shtmlhomework/amazonfacts.shtml