DEFENSIVE DRIVING

Dr N.SabaapathyDr N.Sabaapathy

Principal NIMSPrincipal NIMS

Defensive Driving

To Learn the defensive driving we must To Learn the defensive driving we must know the causes of the accidents.know the causes of the accidents.

Difference between accidents and crashesDifference between accidents and crashes Benefits of accident free drivingBenefits of accident free driving

Benefit of accident free driving

Delay can be avoided, we can be in timeDelay can be avoided, we can be in time Vehicle damage and repairs to such Vehicle damage and repairs to such

vehicles can be avoidedvehicles can be avoided Injuries, loss of human parts and / or loss of Injuries, loss of human parts and / or loss of

life can be avoided.life can be avoided. Unnecessary litigations can be avoidedUnnecessary litigations can be avoided Need not pay heavy compensation to Need not pay heavy compensation to

victimsvictims

Causes of road accidents

Insufficient LightInsufficient Light Bad weather conditionBad weather condition Defect in the road Defect in the road Stray animals coming to the roadStray animals coming to the road Mechanical failure of our vehicleMechanical failure of our vehicle Mechanical failure of other vehicleMechanical failure of other vehicle

Causes of road accidents contd…

Fault of pedestrianFault of pedestrian Fault of PassengerFault of Passenger Fault of coworker like conductor or cleanerFault of coworker like conductor or cleaner Fault of two wheeler driverFault of two wheeler driver Fault of our vehicle driverFault of our vehicle driver Fault of other vehicle driverFault of other vehicle driver

Insufficient Light

Dawn and dusk (The time at which Dawn and dusk (The time at which daylight first begins The darker stage of daylight first begins The darker stage of twilight(diffused light), especially in the twilight(diffused light), especially in the evening) evening)

Raining timeRaining time Night driving without head lightNight driving without head light

Bad weather condition

Rainy seasonRainy season Mist and fogMist and fog

Defect in the road

A curve where we are not able to see the A curve where we are not able to see the vehicle coming in the opposite directionvehicle coming in the opposite direction

Defect in road surfaceDefect in road surface Road repair materials stacked on the road Road repair materials stacked on the road

sideside Platforms are occupied by shopkeepers and Platforms are occupied by shopkeepers and

pedestrians have to come to roadpedestrians have to come to road

Animals coming to road

Goats and Goats and sheepsheep

Cows and Cows and calves calves

Buffalos Buffalos Pigs Pigs DogsDogs

Fault of pedastrian

Crossing the road suddenly Crossing the road suddenly in any placein any place

Walking on the road in the Walking on the road in the same direction of the same direction of the vehiclevehicle

Not using the platform, Not using the platform, over bridge or subway over bridge or subway

Crossing the road Crossing the road immediately after getting immediately after getting down from a vehicledown from a vehicle

Fault of passenger

Boarding or alighting Boarding or alighting from a moving busfrom a moving bus

Keeping hand or head Keeping hand or head outside the windowoutside the window

Standing near or in the Standing near or in the stepssteps

Sitting on the roof of busSitting on the roof of bus

Fault of two wheeler drivers Not showing signal and turning Not showing signal and turning Taking more number of persons Taking more number of persons

in the vehiclein the vehicle Taking heavy luggage or bigger Taking heavy luggage or bigger

items in the vehicleitems in the vehicle Taking long items like ladder In Taking long items like ladder In

the vehiclethe vehicle Driving at unmanageable speedDriving at unmanageable speed

Fault of drivers

Not obeying traffic Not obeying traffic rulesrules

Driving at higher Driving at higher speedspeed

Careless drivingCareless driving

Where and when accidents occur

In road junctionsIn road junctions In curvesIn curves In straight roadsIn straight roads When overtaking a vehicleWhen overtaking a vehicle While taking reverseWhile taking reverse While starting or stopping the vehicleWhile starting or stopping the vehicle When it is parkedWhen it is parked

In road junctions

Stop, look on both sides Stop, look on both sides and then proceedand then proceed

While entering a state While entering a state highway or National highway or National highwayhighway

While driving in the state While driving in the state highway or NH (slow highway or NH (slow down, look &proceed)down, look &proceed)

In curves

Curve is a curve whether it is Curve is a curve whether it is slight curve or otherwiseslight curve or otherwise

In all the places (curves) slow In all the places (curves) slow down the vehicle, drive down the vehicle, drive carefully on the left side of the carefully on the left side of the road only and don’t forget to road only and don’t forget to give way for the vehicle give way for the vehicle coming in the opposite coming in the opposite direction direction

In straight roads

Don’t follow another vehicle Don’t follow another vehicle too closelytoo closely

Give sufficient gap between Give sufficient gap between your vehicle and the vehicle your vehicle and the vehicle going before yougoing before you

When you are driving the When you are driving the vehicle at a high speed you vehicle at a high speed you must give more gapmust give more gap

Taking reverse

Without the help of an assistant, cleaner or Without the help of an assistant, cleaner or the conductor do not take reverse yourself the conductor do not take reverse yourself

Overtaking a vehicle

Inform your intention of overtaking by making Inform your intention of overtaking by making sound hornsound horn

Other vehicle driver should give permission to Other vehicle driver should give permission to overtakeovertake

Check any other vehicle is coming on the opposite Check any other vehicle is coming on the opposite direction direction

Then overtake carefully (if not allowed to Then overtake carefully (if not allowed to overtake come back) overtake come back)

Ascertaining that your vehicle has crossed the Ascertaining that your vehicle has crossed the other vehicle fully, move to the left of the roadother vehicle fully, move to the left of the road

While starting or stopping the vechicle

While starting, look for any animals below While starting, look for any animals below the vehiclethe vehicle

Look in the rear view mirror to see any Look in the rear view mirror to see any vehicle is coming behindvehicle is coming behind

Show hand signal or indicator and then Show hand signal or indicator and then move to the roadmove to the road

When the vehicle is parked

The vehicle should be parked on the The vehicle should be parked on the extreme left side of the road.extreme left side of the road.

The indicator lights may be switched on to The indicator lights may be switched on to show that the vehicle is parked.show that the vehicle is parked.

Some indication board or stones may be Some indication board or stones may be kept at the rear side of the vehicle kept at the rear side of the vehicle