declining child sex ratio – results from census 2011

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Dr C Chandramouli Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India CHILD SEX RATIO IN INDIA

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Page 1: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Dr C Chandramouli Registrar General &

Census Commissioner, India

CHILD SEX RATIO IN INDIA

Page 2: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

About Census of India

2

• Census of India collects valuable data on various socio

economic, demographic and economic aspects of

population.

• Census is the only source of information on key population

indicators up to the lowest administrative level.

• Census thus reflects ground reality paving way for realistic

planning and policy implementation .

• One of the basic data relates to sex disaggregated count of

male and female population. Size and distribution of

population by sex reflects balance or imbalance in a given

population .

Page 3: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

What is sex ratio?

3

Sex Ratio is a tool to determine gender equity of the

population.

Sex ratio, in India, is defined as the number of

females per 1000 males in the population.

Whereas, Internationally, Sex ratio is defined as

number of males per 100 females.

Page 4: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Trends in Sex Ratio

4

Historically sex ratio in India as remained favourable to

males

Sex ratio of total population has seen upward surge in

the last two consecutive censuses

In 2011 Census , Sex ratio in India increased to 940 from

934 recorded in the 2001 Census.

Page 5: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Trends in Sex Ratio

5

Increase is also noted in Twenty-nine States and

Union Territories.

Only three major States, Gujarat, Bihar and Jammu

& Kashmir have shown a decline in the Sex Ratio in

Census 2011

At all India Level, Sex Ratio has shown an increase in

both rural and urban areas:

Rural Areas - From 945 in 2001 to 947 in 2011

Urban Areas - From 900 in 2001 to 926 in 2011.

Page 6: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Trends of Sex Ratio in India :1901-

2011*

6

972

964

955

950

945 946

941

930

934

927

933

940

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Sex

Rat

io

Census Years

Sex Ratio is defined as the number of

females per thousand males * : Provisional Population – Census 2011

Page 7: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Child Sex Ratio

7

• Child sex ratio is the number of girl children per 1,000 boys children

• For provisional population totals of Census 2011, child sex ratio has been compiled for the age-group 0-6 years only.

• This presentation is based on provisional population data of 2011 Census on sex ratio in the age group 0-6 yrs.

Page 8: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Child Sex Ratio

8

Changes in Child Sex Ratio

index reflects underlying

socio-economic and cultural

patterns of the society,

especially its attitude towards

the girl child.

Page 9: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Trends in over all & Child Sex

Ratio (0-6 yrs): 1961-2011

9

Child Sex Ratio 0-6 and over all sex ratio India

1961-2011

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

990

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

sex r

ati

o r

an

ges Sex ratio in

age Group

0-6

Over all sex

ratioProjected 2011

Projected value of

Child Sex Ratio

for India worked

out on the basis of

Census 2001 was

889

Page 10: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

1

0 Our Census, Our Future

Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6

2001 2011

Page 11: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

State Child Sex

Ratio

(0-6 yrs)

2001

Child Sex

Ratio

(0-6 yrs)

2011*

Change in

CSR (0-6 yrs)

2001 to 2011

India 927 914 -13

J & K 941 859 - 82

Himachal Pradesh 896 906 +10

Punjab 798 846 +48

Uttarakhand 908 886 -22

Haryana 819 830 +11

Delhi 868 866 -2

Rajasthan 909 883 -26

11 * : Provisional Population Totals-Census 2011

Page 12: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

State Child Sex

Ratio (0-6)

2001

Child Sex

Ratio

(0-6)

2011*

Change in

CSR (0-6 yrs)

2001 to 2011

Uttar Pradesh 916 899 -17

Bihar 942 933 -9

Assam 965 957 -8

West Bengal 960 950 -10

Jharkhand 965 943 -22

Orissa 953 934 -19

Chhattisgarh 975 964 -9

Madhya Pradesh 932 912 -20

12 * : Provisional Population Totals-Census 2011

Page 13: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

State

Child Sex

Ratio

(0-6 yrs)

2001

Child Sex

Ratio

(0-6 yrs)

2011

Change

CSR

(0-6 yrs)

2001 to 2011

Gujarat 883 886 +3

Maharashtra 913 883 -30

Andhra Pradesh 961 943 -18

Karnataka 946 943 -3

Kerala 960 959 -1

Tamil Nadu 942 946 +4

13 * : Provisional Population Totals-Census 2011

Page 14: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Rural –Urban Areas

14

Page 15: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Census Total Rural Urban

1991 945 948 935

2001 927 933 906

2011 914 919 902

• Child Sex Ratio has declined in both Rural and Urban areas

• This decline in Rural India is more than three times as

compared to drop in Urban India in 2011 – a matter of great

concern.

15

Page 16: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

• In the rural areas Child Sex Ratio is higher as compared

to urban areas in 26 States/UTs in 2011 Census

• In urban areas of 9 States/UTs CSR is higher when

compared to their rural areas

• These are:

• Highly urbanized NCT Delhi, Chandigarh,

Puducherry

• Punjab, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil

Nadu

• Mizoram & Manipur.

16

Page 17: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

• Rural areas:

• In 25 States/UTs, the Child Sex Ratio (0-6yrs) has

declined in 2011 Census over 2001Census

• In 9 States/Uts Child Sex Ratio has improved in 2011

Census

• No change in one State (Gujarat )

17

Page 18: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

• Urban areas:

• Trend is slightly better in Urban Areas as compared to

Rural Areas

• In 21 States/UTs, CSR (0-6yrs) has declined

• In 13 States/UTs this has improved

• In one State (Kerala) there is no change

18

Page 19: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Rural

2001 2011

(I N D

L A

K S

H

A N

D

A

N I

C

I S L

Uttarakhand

NCT of Delhi

Chhattisgarh

P

P

PKerala

P

Tamil Nadu

Goa

Karnataka

Andhra Pradesh

Dadra & Nagar Haveli

Dam an & Diu

Maharashtra

Orissa

MizoramTripura

GujaratJharkhand

Manipur

Meghalaya

Madhya Pradesh

Bihar

Nagaland

Sikkim

Assam

Arunachal Pradesh

RajasthanUttar Pradesh

Haryana

Punjab

Him achalP radesh

Jammu & Kashmir

P - Puducherry

Chandigarh

W estBengal

SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6

900 AND BELOW

901 - 925

926 - 950

951 - 975

976 AND ABOVE

W estBengal

Chandigarh

P - Puducherry

Jam m u & Kas hm ir

Himac halPrades h

Punjab

Haryana

Uttar PradeshRajas than

Arunachal Prades h

Assam

Sikk im

Nagaland

Bihar

Madhya Prades h

Meghalaya

Manipur

Jhark hand

Gujarat

Tr ipuraMizoram

Oriss a

Maharas htra

Dam an & Diu

Dadra & Nagar H avel i

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Goa

Tam il Nadu

P

KeralaP

P

P

Chhattis garh

NC T of D elh i

Uttarakhand

I S L

A

N D

S

N I C

O B

A R

A N

D

A

N D

A

M A

N

N .A. - Natio nal Averag e

L

A K

S

H A

D

W

E

E P

(I N

D I A

)

19

Page 20: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Urban

2001 2011 2001

( I N D

I A)

L

A

K S

H A

D W

E

E

P

N .A. - Natio nal Averag e

A N

D A

M A

N

A N

D

N I C

O B

A R

I S L

A N

D S

Uttarakhand

NC T of D elh i

Chhattis garh

P

P

PKerala

P

Tam il Nadu

Goa

Karnataka

Andhra Pradesh

Dadra & Nagar H avel i

Dam an & Diu

Maharas htra

Oriss a

MizoramTr ipura

Gujarat

Jhark hand

Manipur

Meghalaya

Madhya Prades h

Bihar

Nagaland

Sikk im

Assam

Arunachal Prades h

Rajas thanUttar Pradesh

Haryana

Punjab

Himac halPrades h

Jam m u & Kas hm ir

P - Puducherry

Chandigarh

W estBengal

W estBengal

Chandigarh

P - Puducherry

Jam m u & Kas hm ir

Himac halPrades h

Punjab

Haryana

Uttar PradeshRajas than

Arunachal Prades h

Assam

Sikk im

Nagaland

Bihar

Madhya Prades h

Meghalaya

Manipur

Jhark hand

Gujarat

Tr ipuraMizoram

Oriss a

Maharas htra

Dam an & Diu

Dadra & Nagar H avel i

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Goa

Tam il Nadu

P

KeralaP

P

P

Chhattis garh

NC T of D elh i

Uttarakhand

I S L

A N

D S

N I C

O B

A R

A N

D

A N

D A

M A

N

N .A. - Natio nal Averag e

L

A

K S

H A

D W

E

E

P

( I N D

I A)

SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6

900 AND BELOW

901 - 925

926 - 950

951 - 975

976 AND ABOVE20

Page 21: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Child Sex Ratio District Level Trends

21

Page 22: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Ranges of

CSR (0-6

years)

Census Year

2001 2011

Total 640 640

> 800 18 6

800-849 36 52

850-899 71 135

900-949 224 266

950-999 279 178

1000+ 12 3

• Decline in the lowest

range is due to

increase in the child

sex ratio in Punjab

• Increase in 900-949 is

primarily due to

decline in the next

higher range

categories

22

Page 23: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Child Sex Ratio (0-6) - District

2011 2001

FEMALES PER 1000 MALES

IN AGE GROUP 0-6

800 AND BELOW

801 - 850

851 - 900

901 - 950

951 - 1000

1001 AND ABOVE

Data Not Available

23

Page 24: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

District State/UT CSR (0-6)

Lahul & Spiti Himachal Pradesh 1013

Tawang Arunachal Pradesh 1005

Dakshin Dantewada Chhattisgarh 1005

Kamrup Metropolitan Assam 994

Bastar Chhattisgarh 991

Nabarangpur Orissa 988

Kolasib Mizoram 987

Nawada Bihar 985

East Siang Arunachal 984

Aizawl Mizoram 984

24

Page 25: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

District State/UT CSR (0-6)

Jhajjar Haryana 774

Mahendragarh Haryana 778

Rewari Haryana 784

Samba Jammu & Kashmir 787

Sonipat Haryana 790

Jammu Jammu & Kashmir 795

Bid Maharashtra 801

Ambala Haryana 807

Rohtak Haryana 807

Pithoragarh Uttarakhand 812

25

Page 26: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Total number of districts 640

Decline 461

More than 100 points 7

50 to 99 points 31

20 to 49 points 178

1 to 19 points 245

No Change 20

Increase 159

Up to 10 points 74

11 to 20 points 34

21 to 30 points 17

31to 49 points 19

50+ 15

• The child sex ratio

declined in 461 districts

which is about three fourth

of total districts in the

country

• In 38 districts decline has

been more than 50 points

• On positive side in 51

districts increase has been

20 or points

26

Page 27: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

DECLINE

19 AND BELOW

20 - 49

50 - 99

100 AND ABOVE

Decline in Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) 2001-11

27

(7)

(31)

(178)

(245)

(in 461 Districts)

Page 28: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Sex Ratio at Birth

(Annual Health Survey)

28

Page 29: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

Annual Health Survey

(AHS) is a sample

survey initiated to

provide information

on health indicators

at the district level in

EAG States and Assam

(9 States)

Orissa

Chhattisgarh

JharkhandMadhya Pradesh

Bihar

ASSAM

Rajasthan

Uttar Pradesh

Uttarakhand

About AHS

29

Page 30: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

• One of the key determinants affecting Child

Sex Ratio is Sex Ratio at Birth

• The information on Sex Ratio at Birth is

available in AHS at District level for EAG States

• Facilitates comparison with Census 2011

results and to an extent explains the reason

behind the declining trend

30

Page 31: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

820

840

860

880

900

920

940

960

SRB – AHS States • SRB denotes no. of female

Live Births per 1000 male

Live Births

• Uttarakhand records the

lowest SRB while

Chhattisgarh, the highest

• Across all 9 AHS States, SRB

in rural areas is significantly

higher than that of urban

areas. In UP, rural SRB is 911

compared to 873 in urban

31

Page 32: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

SRB across 284 districts ranges between 764 (Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand) & 1030 (Moradabad, UP)

SRB in rural areas of districts is generally higher than in urban areas

State

Total

no. of

districts

Districts with

minimum SRB

Districts with

maximum SRB Range

UTTARAKHAND 13 Pithoragarh (764) Nainital (918) 154

RAJASTHAN 32 Sawai Madhopur (782) Bhilwara (968) 186

UTTAR PRADESH 70 Mathura (790) Moradabad (1030) 240

BIHAR 37 Sitamarhi (869) Buxar (989) 120

ASSAM 23 Hailakandi (810) Lakhimpur (984) 174

JHARKHAND 18 Purbi Singhbum (884) Giridih (985) 101

ORISSA 30 Nayagarh (832) Nabrangapur (951) 119

CHHATTISGARH 16 Koriya (876) Kawardha (1008) 132

MADHYA PRADESH 45 Gwalior (807) Dindori (1006) 199

32

Page 33: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

State Frequency Range

751 - 800 801 - 850 851 - 900 901 - 950 951 - 1000 1001 - 1050

UTTARAKHAND 1 2 9 1

RAJASTHAN 1 8 14 8 1

UTTAR PRADESH 2 11 22 22 11 2

BIHAR 11 17 9

ASSAM 1 5 14 3

JHARKHAND 5 9 4

ORISSA 2 10 17 1

CHHATTISGARH 1 7 5 3

MADHYA PRADESH 5 15 17 7 1

Total 4 29 92 112 41 6

44% of districts have SRB less than 900

33

Page 34: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

State Child Sex

Ratio

(0-6 yrs)

2011

Sex Ratio at

Birth (AHS)

Uttarakhand 886 866

Rajasthan 883 878

Uttar Pradesh 899 904

Bihar 933 919

Assam 957 925

Jharkhand 943 923

Orissa 934 905

Chhattisgarh 964 951

Madhya Pradesh 912 904

Low Sex Ratio at

Birth explains

Low Child Sex

Ratio (0-6)

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Page 35: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

• Increase in over all Sex Ratio in Census 2011 indicates

improved visibility of women in the country

• Paradoxically, the Child Sex Ratio (0-6) continues to

decline in the successive censuses

• In Census 2011 Child Sex Ratio in 27 States /Uts has

declined. Decline is also noted in 461 districts

• The disturbing feature in census 2011 has been the

spread of declining trend in new areas

• Importantly there has been reversal of trend in 8 States/

UTs where Child Sex Ratio have actually improved in

Census 2011. This includes States like Punjab and

Haryana where decline in CSR in 2001 assumed alarming

level.

35

In Conclusion

Page 36: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

• Census 2011 shows that though there are decline in both

rural and urban areas of the country, the pace of decline

is three times higher in the rural areas, a paradigm shift

to note

• As per the report on Population Projection (2001-2026),

the Child Sex Ratio in Census 2011 in India was estimated

at 889. The results as per Census 2011 (Provisional) has

shown a 25 points increase (to 914).

• The decline in Child Sex Ratio has been arrested due to

the concerted efforts and advocacies by all the

stakeholders

• Similar efforts in other States are required to reverse the

declining trend in Child Sex Ratio.

36

In Conclusion

Page 37: DECLINING CHILD SEX RATIO – RESULTS FROM CENSUS 2011

For more information please visit:

www.censusindia.gov.in

Thank you.

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