Power Point Presentation

Topic: Declarative Sentences

By: Ashoka HOUSE

WELCOME

There two ways to convey a message of a person, or the words spoken by a person to other person.

1. Direct speech2.Indirect speech

Suppose your friend whose name is John tells you in school, “I will give you a pen”. You come to home and you want to tell your brother what your friend told you. There are two ways to tell him.

Direct speech: John said, “I will give you a pen”.Indirect Speech: John said that he would give me a pen.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech

In direct speech the original words of person are narrated (no change is made) and are enclosed in quotation mark. While in indirect speech some changes are made in original words of the person because these words have been uttered in past so the tense will change accordingly and pronoun may also be changed accordingly. In indirect speech the statement of the person is not enclosed in quotation marks, the word “that” may be used before the statement to show that it is indirect speech.  Indirect speech is also called reported speech because reported speech refers to the second part of indirect speech in which something has been told by a person.

What is a Sentence?The sentence is traditionally (and inadequately) defined as a word or group of words that expresses a complete idea and that includes a subject and a verb.

Examples:Preetham did not go to schoolWhy didn’t Abhay go to School?Prajwal ordered Pruthvi to bring him some waterI can't believe this, I am so upset! May God help you! Etc.,

Types of SentencesWhen people form sentences, they do many things, they ask questions, make requests, make statements, or they exclaim a powerful feeling or emotion. Because sentences convey statements, requests, strong emotion, and questions they can be categorized into five different types of sentences;

•Declarative sentences, •Interrogative sentences, •Imperative sentences, •Exclamatory sentences and•Optative

Note: Sometimes Optative Sentences are considered as Exclamatory sentences

What are Declarative Sentences?

The declarative sentence is the most common kind of sentence in language, in most situations, and in a way can be considered the default function of a sentence. What this means essentially is that when a language modifies a sentence in order to form a question or give a command, the base form will always be the declarative.

1. Manthan is the captain of our team. 2. Ganesh is the best student in our class. 3. Jack says (that) he wants to go4. Chandan likes playing5. There are five million people at risk.6. London is the capital of England.7. She asked whether I liked her dress.8. I hope you can come tomorrow 9. He said (that) he had seen a famous TV presenter there the

day before. 10.Sachin is the best cricket player in the world

Examples for Declarative Sentences

Converting Declarative sentences of Direct speech

into Indirect SpeechStatements in the Indirect Speech are introduced by the Conjunction Example: 1. Paresh said, “ I do not know where to go”. Paresh said that he did not know where to go.

2. Neha said, “I received some very good news”. Neha said that she had received some good news.

3. Teacher said, “I am tired of hearing these complaints”. Teacher said that she was tired of hearing those

complaints.

When turning declarative sentences into indirect speech, we need to pay attention to the following points. Changing the pronouns Example: He said: I saw a famous TV presenter.

He said (that) he had seen a famous TV presenter. changing the information about time and place. Example: He said, “I saw a famous TV

presenter here yesterday.”He said (that) he had seen a famous TV presenter there the day before.

Changing the tense Example: He said, “She was eating an ice-cream at the table

where you are sitting.”He said (that) she had been eating an ice-cream at the table where I was sitting.

When introductory verbs are in the present or in the future tense, the tenses of the verbs remains unchanged

Examples:

1. He says, “I am hungry” He says that he is hungry.

2. He will say, “I am hungry” He will say that he is hungry.

!Note:

Some more Examples 1. John said, ‘I am very busy now.’2. He said, ‘The horse has been fed.’3. ‘I know her name and address,’ said John.4. ‘German is easy to learn,’ she said.5. He said, ‘I am writing letters.’

1.  John said that he was very busy then.2. He said that the horse had been fed.3. John said that he knew/knows her name and address. (Note that the tenses may not change if the statement is still relevant or if it is a universal truth.)4. She said that German is/was easy to learn.5. He said that he was writing letters.

6. ‘It is too late to go out,’ Alice said.7. He said to me, ‘I don’t believe you.’8. He says, ‘I am glad to be here this evening.’9. He said to me, ‘What are you doing?’10. ‘Where is the post office?’ asked the stranger.11. He said, ‘Will you listen to me?’12. John said to Peter, ‘Go away.’

6. Alice said that it was too late to go out.7. He told me that he didn’t believe me. OR He said he didn’t believe me.8. He says that he is glad to be here this evening. (When the reporting verb is in the present tense, adverbs of time and place do not normally change in indirect speech.)9. He asked me what I was doing.10. The stranger asked where the post office is/was.11. He asked me if I would listen to him.12. John ordered Peter to go away.

THE ENDFrom:LubnaVarunRamkumarSpoorthiAgneyaArunimaKathiresanMohamed HashamSai SahithiSrihariSyed Md. Zaheer

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