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David McNew/Getty Images The downtown skyline is enveloped in smog shortly before sunset in Los Angeles, California.

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David McNew/Getty Images The downtown skyline is enveloped in smog shortly before sunset in Los Angeles, California. “Tier 3”: program to address air pollution from passenger cars and trucks. Changes: more stringent vehicle emissions standards reduce the sulfur content of gasoline by 2/3 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: David McNew/Getty Images

David McNew/Getty ImagesThe downtown skyline is enveloped in smog shortly before sunset in Los Angeles, California.

Page 2: David McNew/Getty Images

(NBC Nightly News)

Page 3: David McNew/Getty Images

epa.gov

“Tier 3” rules: •standards to address air pollution from passenger cars and trucks

•tailpipe standard: more stringent vehicle emissions standards•gasoline standard: reduce the sulfur content of gasoline by 2/3

•help state/local agencies to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Page 4: David McNew/Getty Images

epa.gov

Page 5: David McNew/Getty Images

epa.gov

Page 6: David McNew/Getty Images

Economics & politicsEPA had similar proposal ready in December 2011.

White House decided to wait until after the 2012 elections to submit it for review.(NYTimes, 3/3/14)

Industry funded BCA

Page 7: David McNew/Getty Images

Tier 3 is projected to lead to reductions in several air pollutants:

Page 8: David McNew/Getty Images

Beneficial impacts on health

• sulfur blocks pollution-control equipment in vehicles increases tailpipe emissions

• linked to lung disease, asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, aggravated heart disease and premature births and deaths (NYT, 3/3/14)

• by 2030, annually prevent – 660-1,500 PM-related premature deaths, – 110-500 ozone-related premature

deaths, – 81,000 work days lost, – approximately 1.1 million minor

restricted-activity days.

Maryland Dept. of the Env.

Page 9: David McNew/Getty Images

One e.g. of new performance standard for light duty (LD) vehicles (v) and trucks (t)

NMOG: Non-Methane Organic Gases, precursors to ozoneNote: ratcheting.

Page 10: David McNew/Getty Images

Evaporative Emission Standards

• Gasoline in fuel lines and tank can slowly evaporate over time.

• New standard: covered vehicles will be required to have essentially zero fuel vapor emissions in use (evaporative emissions standards, test procedures, and fuel/evaporative system leak standard)

 • These new standards are harmonized with California’s

zero evaporative emissions standards

(Note: California as policy lab)

Page 11: David McNew/Getty Images

Costs: vehicle tech & fuel

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Valuation of benefits: reductions in premature mortality & VSL

• VSL = $6.3M, $8.3M, $10.2M ….what’s going on?• Should we be concerned that EPA didn’t allow VSL

to continue to grow 2024-2030?

Page 13: David McNew/Getty Images

Benefits: health

• Sensitivity to discounting assumptions. (What’s being discounted?)• Should we be concerned that EPA didn’t quantify all of the benefits?

EPA infographic

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Annual net benefits by 2030EPA

infographic

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Optional additional slides

Page 16: David McNew/Getty Images

Increasing standards, increasing MC• Sulfur in American gasoline:

– Decade ago: 300 ppm (parts per million) – Subsequent rule changes required refiners to cut the sulfur content by

90 percent currently 30 ppm.– New rule (2014) reduce by 2/3 to 10 ppm.

Upi.com

NY Times, 3/3/ 2014

• Charles Drevna, president of the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (lobbyist)– removing the first 90 percent of sulfur

molecules from gasoline relatively easy. – last 10 percent is harder: “They’re tough

little buggers that don’t want to come out. It’s like getting the last little bit of red wine stain out of a white blouse.”

Page 17: David McNew/Getty Images