An overviewAn overview of MISof MIS evolutionevolutionAn overview An overview of MIS of MIS evolutionevolution

CIRAD, INRA, MSUJ.Rakotoson, H. David-Benz, J. Egg,

F.Galtier, A. Kizito, YY.Shen

=Ag. MIS in Africa – Renewal & Impact

CONTEXTCONTEXTCONTEXTCONTEXT80’s – 90’s : 2 decades of fast development of MIS, in a context of market liberalizationmarket liberalization

But the results appear disappointing (Bowbrick, 1988 ; Shepherd, 1997 ; Egg et Galtier 1998 et 2003) :

• Information disseminated doesn't meet stockholders needs

• Financially unsustainable

• Lack of M&E tools and lack of reactivity

• Market functioning and specificities are not considered

A new generation of MIS emerge in 2000’s, in a changing environment : NTIC, strengthening of farmers organizations, regional integration policies

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OBJECTIVES and METHODSOBJECTIVES and METHODSOBJECTIVES and METHODSOBJECTIVES and METHODS

Objective : what are the main evolutions and i ti i t d ’ MIS ?innovations in today’s MIS ?

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Sources

• SIM inventory (77 MIS data base - 66% Africa, 18%SIM inventory (77 MIS data base 66% Africa, 18% Asia, Lat. Am. 11%, Caribbean 4%, World 1%)

• Email survey (identification, main features,Email survey (identification, main features, evolution, constraints/solutions)

• Several reminders and revisions => 31 “clean” answers (mostly Africa : 94%)

• Additional information from literature and• Additional information from literature and web

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Limitations

• Mostly descriptive (no indications about• Mostly descriptive (no indications about effectiveness of the services provided)

• Preliminary results (some filled in ti i i d id M h)questionnaires received mid-March)

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Methods

Evolution of the first generation of MIS (“1G”: 80’s & 90’s ): g ( )comparing their beginning / today’s situation

(“1G” terminology will be kept here to avoid confusion, even if they have integrated many innovations)integrated many innovations)

Main features & innovations in today’s MIS : comparing “1G” today / recent MIS (“2G” : 2000’s)comparing 1G today / recent MIS ( 2G : 2000 s)

« artificial » chronological limit in 2000 ?g• necessity to set a limit to analyze evolution• relevant considering changes in the environment (1st SIM using Internet and mobile phone, regional integration policies…)

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• MIS are influenced by their history

RESULTSRESULTS

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General mapping of MIS in AfricaGeneral mapping of MIS in Africa

 

SIARM

AMASSA Mali

INFOCOMM & INFOSHARE

RESIMAO Afrique de l’Ouest 

OMA Mali

h lSIARM Sénégal 

T2M  Manobi Sénégal 

SIM APROSSA Burkina 

SIM Sénégal 

AcSSA Niger

FAMIS Soudan 

PSA Sahel

INFOTRADE O d

FOODNET O d

EGTE Ethiopie

SIPAG GuinéeECX 

Ethiopie 

TRADE AT HAND Afrique de l’Ouest 

SIM ATP SIM OCPV 

SIMA Niger 

SIMA Bétail Niger

OdR 

SIM ANOPACI Côte d’Ivoire 

Ouganda Ouganda

KACE Kenya 

ACE 

AMITSA Afrique de l’Est

Ghana Côte d’Ivoire

RATIN Afrique de l’Est  Légende : 

OdRMadagascar 

SIEL M d

Bazar.Mada

SIMA Mozambique

AMIC Zambie 

MalawiZAMACEZambie

Technoserve MIS Mozambique

ZNFU 4455 Zambie 

SIM régional / réseau de SIM 

SIM international /Plateforme  

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Madagascar

ESOKO 

/

SIM national 

Geographical classificationg p

1G 2G Sub-total1G 2G Sub-total

National 13 13 26

Supranational 0 5 5

National MIS are most well spread

We will focus on national MIS, as supranational ones are too

Few supranational : regional, network, World

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heterogeneous to be analyzed as a single type.

Main features and evolutionMain features and evolution

Focused on aspects that have been changing significantly (or that are expected to have changed)

Information collected and sourcesInternal transmission and users diffusionOther services providedMonitoring and feed-backInstitutional homeFunding

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Essential information collected (price & volume)

1G have extended the scope of prices and volumes collected. More attention now on traded volume and stocks.

2 G appear more selective on the level of prices,and are interested on volume as well. 11

Other information collected

1G : strong diversification of information collected (supply/demand extension – production & market costs prevision(supply/demand, extension – production & market, costs, prevision of harvest and prices, policies…)

Today strong heterogeneity among all the MIS (2 to 18 « other info. » collected). No clearly related to an other parameter.

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Other service providedTodayToday

SIM provide today a limited number of services (apart from information). Mostly related to training and extension.

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Studies appear a specificity of 1G.

Sources and modes of internal transmissionToday

Avec les NTIC:

Most 1G have integrated NTIC (email - SMS), but still use classical media of transmission (fax, phone, hand delivery, postal, radio).

2G rely mostly on NTIC, more specifically on SMS (seldom on traditionnalmedia) 14

Modes of diffusion Today

Diversified means:Diversified means: Email and Web are generalized

SMS well spread among 2G but much less among 1GNTIC t l di t diti l l l di i tiNTIC are note excluding more traditional : large scale dissemination

means (radio) and analytical media (news-letter, news papers ) in both categories of MIS 15

SE & feed-backToday

Large panel of SE and feed-back tools

No significant difference between 1G and 2G

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No significant difference between 1G and 2G

But no ex-post analysis of actual requests

Institutional home

1G : public sector home remains largely dominant1G : public sector home remains largely dominant

2 G : almost no public home. Large diversity (projects and NGOs farmers/traders organizationsLarge diversity (projects and NGOs, farmers/traders organizations,

private firms)Several mixed institutional home is common 17

FundingToday

1G : public largely dominant and limited contribution of donors (previously funded by project related to liberalization, they are now included in

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government budget)2G : rely mostly on donors (new SIM, benefiting from renewal of interest

towards MIS). Some (very marginal) contribution of users.

DiscussionDiscussionWhat can be expected from these innovations ?

(in term of potential to improve efficiency)

Limits of 1G MIS Indicators of (potentiel) improvement of performances

1 Lack of reliability and utility of the information provided

Modes of diffusion (utility)Information collected (utility)Modes of infernal transmission (reliability)Quality control (reliability)Quality control (reliability)

2 Lack of tools / methods of monitoring and evaluation

Feed-back devices (monitoring + adjustment capacity)

L k f dj t t it I tit ti l h (i ti t t h3 Lack of adjustment capacity (administrative management)

Institutional home (incentive to match users needs)

4 Problem of durability (project funded) Funding (durability)

19titre de l'atelier - 28-31 mars 2010

funded)

5 Market functioning insufficiently considered

Other services (respond to non informational constraints)

1 1 Adéquation offre / demande (f é ibilité1.1. Adéquation offre / demande (fréquence, accessibilité, diversité)

Nette amélioration des modes de diffusion. Se modernisent sans négliger les modes de diffusion traditionnelsnégliger les modes de diffusion traditionnels.

Innovation majeur via SMS : interactivité (information à la demande de l’utilisateur)

Doit (potentiellement) permettre de transmettre rapidement, à la demande, une information ciblée, tout en assurant une diffusion de masse accessible à un très faible coût à un plus grand nombrep g

1.2. FiabilitéRi d’ li ité l’ d NTIC d l t i iRisque d’erreur limité par l’usage des NTIC dans la transmission

interne. Différents formes de contrôle qualité et SE.En cas de contribution des utilisateurs à l’approvisionnement du

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En cas de contribution des utilisateurs à l approvisionnement du système, risque de biais volontaire de l’information fournie.

2. Feed-back, suivi-évaluationDiffé t f d SE t bili é ( i i li t lDifférentes formes de SE sont mobilisées (y compris impliquant les utilisateurs)Mais de réelles évaluation d’impact manquent

3. RéactivitéDe-fonctionnarisation, implication des OP et du privé devraient offrir des conditions incitant davantage à répondre aux attentes des

4 . DurabilitéNon réglé (les nouveaux SIM sont financés surtout par bailleurs et la

conditions incitant davantage à répondre aux attentes des

Non réglé (les nouveaux SIM sont financés surtout par bailleurs et la contribution des usagers reste minime)

5 Prise en compte du fonctionnements du marché5. Prise en compte du fonctionnements du marché Très hétérogène. Les cas de dispositifs les plus intégrés sont des projets (qui sont par définition non durables )définition non durables…)

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