data set 8: cigarette tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide · appendix b 789 data set 8: cigarette...

Appendix B 789

Data Set 8: Cigarette Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide

All measurements are in miUigrams per cigarette, and all cigarettes are 100 mm long, filtered, and not menthol or light types.

STATDISK: Variable names are TAR, NICOTINE, CO. Minitab: Worksheet name is C1GARET.MTW. Excel: Workbook name is C1GARET.XLS. TI-83 Plus and text files: TAR, NICOT, and CO.

BRAND TAR NICOTINE CO

American Filter 16 1.2 15 Benson & Hedges 16 1.2 15 Camel 16 1.0 17 Capri 9 0.8 6 Carlton 1 0.1 1 Cartier Vendorne 8 0.8 8 Chelsea 10 0.8 10 GPC Approved 16 1.0 17 Hi-Lite 14 1.0 13 Kent 13 1.0 13 Lucky Strike 13 1.1 13

Malibu 15 1.2 15 Marlboro 16 1.2 15 Merit 9 0.7 11 Newport Stripe 11 0.9 15 Now 2 0.2 3

Old Gold 18 1.4 18 Pall Mall 15 1.2 15 Players 13 1.1 12 Raleigh 15 1.0 16 Richland 17 1.3 16 Rite 9 0.8 10 Silva Thins 12 1.0 10 Tareyton 14 1.0 17 Triumph 5 0.5 7 True 6 0.6 7 Vantage 8 0.7 11 Viceroy 18 1.4 15 Winston 16 1.1 18

Based on data from the Federal Trade Commission.

CIGARET.MTW.

C1 r C2 C3! C4 1---

BRAND TAR INICOTINE CO 1 American Filter 16 1.2 15

~-- ---2 Benson & Hedges 16 1.2 151

--'~_-

3 Camel 16 1 0 17

1

4 Capri 9L _ 0.8 6 r-5 1---

Carlton 1 0.1 1

I 6 Cartier Vendom 8 0.8' 8 --7 Chelsea 10 0.8 10

-8 GPC Approved 16 1.0 17 9 Hi-Lite 14 1.0 131I- -

10 Kent 13 1.0 13 11 Lucky Strike 13 1.1 13

- --,---12 Malibu 15 1.2 15 -13 Marlboro 16 1.2 151---

14 Merit 9 0.7 11 15 Newport Stripe 11 0.9 15

f- - -16 Now 21 0.2 3 17 Old Gold 18 1.4 18

f- - I- --18 Pall Mall 15 1.2 15 19 Players 13 1.11 12-20 Raleigh 15 1.0 : 16 21 Richland ] 1.3 16 22 Rite 0.81 10 23 Silva Thins 12 1.0 I 10 24 Tareyton 14 1.0 I 17 -25 Triumph 5 0.5 7 - -26 True 6 0.6 7 27 Vantage 8 0.7 11 28 Viceroy 18 1.4 15-29 Winston 16 1.1 18

Minitab Project Report

PROJECT NAME: DILEK_NELSON.MPJ.

1 a)

Histogram of TAR

9

8

7

>- 6 u ; 5 ~ C" CD 4It

3

2

1

O...L..-...L..-__.L..-.--.-_'--_--''-----r---''__

4 8 12 16 TAR

All measurements are in milligrams per cigarette, and all cigarettes are 100 mm long, filtered,and not menthol or light types.

--''_~--J..----L.-~-.L.--....1.---J

According to the histogram of Tar, the shape of Tar data distribution is skewed more or less to the left.

/

Histogram of CO

9

8

7

>uc: cu ~ D" cu ~

6

5

4

3

2

1

I I Io 4 8 12 16

co All measurements are in milligrams per cigarette, and all cigarettes are 100 mm long, filtered,and not menthol or light types.

According to the histogram of CO, the shape of CO data distribution is skewed more or less to the 'left.

1 b) Stem-and-Leaf plot Nicotine and CO: Stem-and-Leat Display: NICOTINE

Stern-and-leaf of NICOTINE N = 29 without outliers Leaf Unit = 0.010

LO 10, 20

3 5 0 4 6 0 6 7 00 10 B 0000 11 9 0

(7) 10 0000000 11 11 000 B 12 00000 3 13 0 2 14 00

Stem-and-leaf of NICOTINE N 29 with outliers Leaf Unit = 0.010

1 1 o 2 2 o 2 3 2 4 3 5 o 4 6 o 6 7 00 10 8 0000 11 9 o

(7) 10 0000000 11 11 000 8 12 00000 3 13 o 2 14 00

The shape of nicotine data distribution according to Stem-and-Leaf plot is more or less symmetric after we have trimmed the outliers (0.1 and 0.2)

Stem-and-Leaf Display: CO

Stem-and-leaf of CO N = 29 without outliers Leaf Unit = 1.0

LO 1

2 0 3 2 0 5 0 677 6 0 8 11 1 00011

(4 ) 1 2333 14 1 5555555 7 1 66777 2 1 88

Stem-and-leaf of CO N 29 with outliers Leaf Unit = 1.0

1 0 1 2 0 3 2 0 5 0 677 6 0 8 11 1 00011

(4) 1 2333 14 1 5555555 7 1 66777 2 1 88

The shape of CO data distribution according to Stem-and-Leaf plot is more or less skewed left, regardless with/without outliers.

1 c) The 5 number summary of TAR and CO:

Descriptive Statistics: TA'R, CO

Variable Minimum Q1 Median Q3 Maximum TAR 1.000 9.000 13. 000 16.000 18.000 CO 1.000 10.000 13. 000 15.500 18.000

Boxplot of TAR, CO

20

15 I I

III ...S

10

5

0'-- .......- *--, ---'

TAR co All measurements are in milligrams per cigarette, and all cigarettes are 100 mm long and filtered, and not mentholor light types

According to the 5 number summary, a) both Tar and CO have the same minimum, maximum, and median values, but

the min. value of CO is outlier while min value of Tar is not. b) Q1 of CO is higher than that of Tar although the values of Q1 is very close.

However, Q2 of Tar is higher than that of CO although the values of Q2 is very close.

Acording to boxplots of Tar and CO, the shape of data distributions for both Tar and CO is skewed left. Since the bottom lines of the boxes are substantially longer than top lines of the boxes. and median is near the top of the center of the box.

//

2) Mean, Standard deviation, and Ouartiles (01,02,03) for NICOTINE and TAR:

Descriptive Statistics: TAR, NICOTINE

Variable Mean StDev Ql Q2 Q3 TAR 12.103 4.632 9.000 13 .000 16.000 NICOTINE 0.9414 0.3134 0.8000 1.0000 1.2000

The mean of Tar content is a lot more higher than the mean of Nicotine. This shows that the amount of Tar in a cigarette that is 100 mm long, filtered, and not menthol or light types is a lot more higher than the amount of nicotine content.

The standard deviation of Tar is also a lot more higher than that of nicotine. This shows that the data distribution of Tar has more dispersion than that of nicotine content.

3)

Probability Plot of TAR Normal - 95% CI

99 ,----,------,------,------,------,------,-----.,.-.----.-.---""T7"---,----:--r-------, I I 1 ,

1 I I t I I I I_-' .1 95 ... --i---t--~--+--_t--_t- ~ I I

j I I I I I I . I I ~ ~---~---+---~--~---~---+---~ • ---t--- --

I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I , I I

00 . --1--- --- --~--- ---~- -~ -- ---t----t--I I I I I ______ I __ ..J _

.... 70 ...J---~---t---:_--_:---I I I I I...J

~

__ ...J _---~

~ 60 ~-- I---t---:----t-- I I I I U 50 ---t"---t----1 -- . "f -- -- - --t--_.. i-

I I I I I IIv 40 • --- I---~---~ -+ • I --r--l---l--- ---r--1--- I

Q. 30 ,---4---}---~--..! - -T---r--,---j---T---r--,---'I I I I I I I I , I I •

20 -- --- t 1 ---~--~-- --- --- ---j--I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10 --,----1- -- .. I , -,,- -T I --:---T--'--- 1---:-- -1--- I

5 L---4-- ,---~---t---~--~---i---t---~--~---i I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 TAR

Mean 12.10 StDev 4.632 N 29 AD 0.894 P-Value 0.019

Mean 12.38

StDev 4.467

N 29 AD 0.866 P-Value 0.023

Mean 0.9414

I StDev 0.3134

N 29 AD 0.778

P-Value 0.038

2.0

2520

1.5

15 co

1.0 N1COTItE

10

I -r -

I I

I --j---r-----~----~---~---I I , I

--~---~---~---~-I I I I- ---t---;----~---~-t I I I

---~---,---tr---r--j I I I I I-r---r---j---'----r---r-

I I I I I- ---~---~----r--- I I I I I I I I I , I I -~---~---~---;----~---r---

t I I I I I I

-~----t---}---+---i----t---t---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I' I I I I I • I

1-----I I_____ 1 1 __

I I

-----j------~--I I ,- -----r-----r---I I I- -----r-----r-I I I --- -----~---~----, I I I 1

I I I I I --~-----~-----~-----~----4_I I I , I

t I I I I ,-'-----T-----r-----r-----r----I , I I I I I I , I I I

Probability Plot of CO Normal - 95% CI

0.5

5o

0.0

I I I I I I I I I I I

_~ __~ ~ J ~ __

I I I 1 , I I I I t I

--~----r---?---;---;----r--I , I I I I I I I t

- -- ----I I I I I- -~ ---I----~---~---~---t I I I t

- -~----~--- ---~- - - -I I 1 I I I -~----~---~---;--- I

I I I--,----i---r---'--- 1I , , I-Ir---r---r---,--I t I

---~----~ I

I I - --1

I 1 I I

I I I

Probability Plot of NICOTINE Normal - 95% Cl

I I

I I I I I I I~ ~ ~ J ~ __

I I I I I I I' , ~---- -----~----- -I , I

I I ----~ --- --- ~ -

I I I ,.L ...I _

~ J J 1_ I I , I

--~----~-----~-----I I I---r----.-----,---- -, , ,--r----..,----- ,-I I I

-~----""1---I , I I

---~----_t_ I I: - .

99

95

90

80

70 .... C 60 QI U SO ~

QI 40C.

30

20

10

5

99

95

90

80

70 .... C 60 QI U SO ~

:. 40

30

20

10

5

Since the normal probability plot of the actual values versus the expected Zscores for Tar, nicotine, and CO are not approximately linear,the sample data for

Tar, Nicotine, and CO are not normally distributed. In other words, the red dots for all three graphs are not roughly linear and some dots are placed outside the blue curved "bounds".

4)

Summary for NICOTINE

/ ~ V

~ " "'"I ~

1.2 1.40.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ll> ll> I I II I 92% Confidence Intervals

I • I~"j Median I I: Ir i i i i I

0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10

The mean of the amount of nicotine is 0.94138.

Anderson-Darling Normality Test

A-Squared

P-Value 0.78

0.038

Mean StDev Variance

0.94138 0.31341 0.09823

Skewness Kurtosis N

-1.03356 1.20280

29

Minimum 1st Quartile Median 3rd Quartile Maximum

0.10000 0.80000

1.00000 1.20000 1.40000

92% Confidence Interval for Mean

0.83566 1.04710

92% Confidence Interval for Median

0.83863 1.10000 I 92% Confidence Interval for StDev

0.25478 0.40988

92% confidence interval for the mean of the amount of nicotine is (0.83566, 1.04710) This means that we are 92% confident that the population mean of nicotine content for all cigarettes that are 100 mm long, ftItered, and not menthol or light types is between 0.83566 and 1.04710.

I Summary for TAR

~ --.........

D--1~ -

;-

~

~

4 8 12 16

I I ~ I 92% Confidence Intervals

:j I • I

I i I i : i ~

10 11 12 13 14 15

A nderson-Darling Normality Test

A-Squared 0.89 P-Value 0.019

Mean 12.103 StDev 4.632 Variance 21.453 Skew ness -0.869934 Kurtosis 0.018880 N 29

Minimum 1.000 1st Quartile 9.000r--. Median 13.000 3rd Quartile 16.000 Maximum 18.000


I 10.541 13.666


10.386 15.000

92% Confidence Interval for StDev

3.765 6.057

I

The mean of the amount of Tar is 12.103. 92% confidence interval for the mean of the amount of Tar is (10.541,13.666). This means that we are 92% confident that the popUlation mean of Tar content for all cigarettes that are 100 mm long, filtered, and not menthol or light types is between 10.541 and 13.666.

I

5)

0.2 0.4

* *I

-j I

Median I I I

0.80 0.85

Summary for NICOTINE Anderson-Darling Normality Test


Mean 0.94138 StDev 0.31341 Variance 0.09823

Skewness -1.03356 Kurtosis 1.20280

'" ~ /

"'"

/

f\-. N 29

Minimum 0.10000

I 1st Q ua rtile 0.80000~ Median 1.00000 3rd Quartile 1.20000

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 Maximum 1.40000


0.79779 1.08496I I I 98% Confidence Interval for Median I

0.80000 1.11168

98% Confidence Interval for StDev 98% Confidence Intervals 0.23868 0.45029

• I

7 I Ii I I I

0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10

98% confidence interval for standard deviation of the amount of nicotine is (0.23868, 0.45029). This means that we are 98% confident that the population standard deviation of nicotine content for all cigarettes that are 100 mm long, filtered, and not menthol or light types is between 0.23868 and 0.45029/

Summary for CO

4 8 12 16

A nderson-Darling Normality Test

A-Squared P-Value

0.87 0.023

Mean StDev Variance Skewness Kurtosis N

12.379 4.467

19.958 -0.914871 0.243839

29

Minimum 1st Quartile Median 3rd Quartile Ma)(jmum

1.000 10.000 13.000 15.500 18.000


10.333 14.426


10.000 15.000

98% Confidence Interval for StDev 98% Confidence Intervals 3.402 6.419

Mean1 •

Meaan1-ri__~I__--'i :.----__r-i----r--~ 10 11 12 13 14 15

98% confidence interval for standard deviation of the amount of CO is (3.402,6.419). This means that we are 98% confident that the population standard deviation of CO content for aU cigarettes that are 10.0. long, filtered, and not menthol or light types is between 3.402 and 61"1-9:"

Histogram of TAR

9

8

7

>- 6 u c cu 5

"s. ~ 4 u.

3

2

1

a 4 8 12 16

TAR

All measurements are in milligrams per cigarette, and all cigarettes are 100 mm long, filtered,and not menthol or light types.

Histogram of CO

9

8

7

~ 6 c cu 5 ~ c:r ~ 4 u.

3 \

2

1

Ia 4 8 12 16

co All measurements are in milligrams per cigarette, and all cigarettes are 100 mm long, filtered,and not menthol or light types.

Boxplot of TAR, CO

20,

1511 I

ns 1U o

10

5

OlL--------------r,------------ * TI --J

TAR co All measurements are in milligrams per cigarette, and all cigarettes are 100 mm long and filtered, and not mentholor light types

Probability Plot of TAR Normal - 95% C1

I I i I I I I

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 TAR

99 i ; 7;; I

95

90

80

70..., c 60

~ 50 CD 40 a. 30

20

10

5

1 I <' / t . ... ,

Mean 12.10 StDev 4.632

I' N 29 AD 0.894 P-Value 0.019

Probability Plot of NICOTINE Normal - 95% Cl

99 i } 7 -;; I

95

90

80

70 ~

c 60 8 50.. CIJ 40 D. 30

20

10

5

1 I ( / / I I I I I

Mean 0.9414 StDev 0.3134 N 29 AD 0.778

I P-Value 0.038

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 NICOTINE

Probability Plot of CO Normal - 95% CI

99 I / > i7

95

90

80

70.... c 60 ~ 50 (U'"' 40 Q. 30

20

10

5,

l' .< i r iF i I I I I

o 5 10 15 20 25 co

Mean 12.38 StDev 4.467 N 29 AD 0.866 P-Value 0.023

Summary for NICOTINE

/ -~

~ V

'" ~ ~ '" -

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

* * I I I I I

92% Confidence Intervals

Mean I • I

Median I • I



Mean 0.94138 StDev 0.31341 Variance 0.09823 Skewness -1.03356 Kurtosis 1.20280 N 29

Minimum 0.10000 1st Quartile 0.80000 Median 1.00000 3rd Quartile 1.20000 Maximum 1.40000


0.83566 1.04710


0.83863 1.10000


0.25478 0.40988

0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10

Summary for TAR

~ ~ ~/

V ~ L.-/ l"'-

- ---- 4 8 12 16 I

I I I I I-


Mean I • I

Median I • I

I 10 11 12 13 14 15




Mean 12.103 StDev 4.632

I

Variance 21.453 Skewness -0.869934 Kurtosis 0.018880 N 29

Minimum 1.000 1st Quartile 9.000

I Median 13.000 3rd Quartile 16.000 Maximum 18.000

I

10.541 13.666


10.386 15.000


3.765 6.057

Summary for NICOTINE Anderson-Darling Normality Test

A-Squared 0.78 P-Value 0.038I Mean 0.941381

I StDev 0.31341

I Variance 0.09823 Skewness -1.03356

Kurtosis 1.20280 N 29

I Minimum 0.10000 1st Quartile 0.80000 Median 1.00000

3rd Quartile 1.20000 I

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 Maximum 1.40000


0.79779 1.08496• • I I I 98% Confidence Interval for Median

] I I 0.80000 1.11168

98% Confidence Interval for StDev 98% Confidence Intervals

Mean I • I 0.23868 0.45029

Median I • I

0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10

I Summary for CO I

) I

I I I I

I ~

I

I

/ ~

~

~ V

~ I"--..

r --r I 4 8 12 16

I· II I I


Mean I I • I

Medianil I • I II


A-Squared 0.87 P-Val'ue 0.023

Mean 12.379 StDev 4.467 Variance 19.958 Skewness -0.914871 Kurtosis 0.243839 N 29

Minimum 1.000 1st Quartile 10.000 Median 13.000 3rd Quartile 15.500 Maximum 18.000


10.333 14.426


10.000 15.000


3.402 6.419

10 11 12 13 14 15 I

data set 8: cigarette tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide · appendix b 789 data set 8: cigarette...

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